What grammar mistakes do native speakers make?

279,426 views ใƒป 2015-01-01

English Jade


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi, everyone. I'm Jade. Today we're talking about common mistakes that native speakers
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ็Šฏใ—ใŒใกใช้–“้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ™
00:06
make. And I use the word "mistakes" -- I use that word, "mistakes", for you. I don't actually
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ€Œ้–“้•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ -- ็งใฏ ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€ใ€Œ้–“้•ใ„ใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅฎŸ้š›
00:15
listen to people and say, "You're wrong! You're wrong!" because a lot of the time, it's about
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ใซไบบใ€…ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹! ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹!ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œ
00:19
variety of English and accent as well. Whether they use this grammar is incorrect grammar
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ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅคšๆง˜ๆ€งใจใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ“ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏ
00:25
in terms of standard English. But people use it, and people say it. So that's why I'm telling
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ใ€ๆจ™ๆบ–่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏ้–“้•ใฃใŸๆ–‡ๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€็งใฏ
00:31
you about it.
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
00:32
Also, I've got so much respect for people who come and learn English, but like, you
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ใพใŸใ€็งใฏ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใณใซๆฅใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบ
00:39
could say, like, on the street, you know? They're not taking classes. They're learning
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ใŸใกใซใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆŽˆๆฅญใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
00:43
from the people they're around. Sometimes, the people you're around speak in the way
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ๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎไบบใ€…ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚ใ€… ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใซใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…
00:48
where there are these mistakes. So that's the kind of thing that you acquire. Nothing
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ฒๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
00:53
wrong with that because people speak like that. But maybe you get to a point where you've
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ไบบใ€…ใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
00:58
seen something in a book where grammar is explained, but it's not what you hear people
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ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใŒ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœฌใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ› ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไบบใ€…ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:04
using. And when that happens, there's sometimes quite a lot of confusion. So I'm pointing
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. ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ‹ใชใ‚ŠใฎๆททไนฑใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ
01:11
out these mistakes to you so that you can observe them yourself, and then, you can decide,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใซๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ ใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆณๅฏŸ
01:16
"Well, I like saying it that way" or, "I don't want to say it that way." "That's the way
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ใงใใ‚‹ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
01:18
everyone I know speaks, so I'm going to speak like that" or, "I'm going to choose not to."
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ไบบใฏ็š†ใใ†่ฉฑใ™ใฎใงใ€็งใฏ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏ่ฉฑใ•ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
01:23
So -- yeah. Let's take a little look.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ - ใˆใˆใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:26
So something you'll hear a lot in many different accents in English -- British English -- is
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ
01:34
using "was" for all past subjects. So you learn in your grammar books that you say,
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎใ™ในใฆใฎไธป้กŒใซใ€Œwasใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๆœฌใงใ€
01:40
"I was, you were, we" -- I need to think about this -- "we were, they were, blah, blah, blah,
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€็งใŸใกใงใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™-็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ -ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€
01:47
he, she, it -- was." But a lot of people just say "was" all the time when they're talking
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ๅฝผใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใใ‚Œ... ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚" ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆ ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€Œใ ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃ
01:53
about the past. They say, "We was going there" or, "they was joking." It's not standard English,
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใใ“ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ†—่ซ‡ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆจ™ๆบ–่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Š
02:02
but you will hear it a lot.
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:03
So we are, in standard English, expected to use "were" in our sentences, not to use "was"
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆจ™ๆบ–่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ๅธธใซ ใ€Œwasใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ใ€Œwereใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๆœŸๅพ…ใ•ใ‚Œ
02:10
all the time.
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:12
Moving on. No. 2, substituting the past participle where the past simple is needed. Okay. So
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ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ 2 ็•ชใ€ ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžๅฝขใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
02:23
these are example sentences that you will hear which are considered incorrect in terms
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๆจ™ๆบ–่‹ฑ่ชž ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆๆญฃใ—ใใชใ„ใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใงใ™
02:29
of standard English. "I done it. Did you do your homework? I done it." "Where's the vodka?
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚ๅฎฟ้กŒใฏใ‚„ใฃใŸ๏ผŸใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒƒใ‚ซใฏใฉใ“ใ ๏ผŸ
02:38
He drunk it." "Where's the dog?" No. Not, "Where's the dog." "Where are the kids? They
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ๅฝผใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ€ ใ€Œ็Šฌใฏใฉใ“๏ผŸใ€ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ ใ€Œ็Šฌใฏใฉใ“ใ ใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏใฉใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸๅฝผใ‚‰
02:46
run over the road." Okay? You'll hear those. But these sentences should either be past
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ใฏ้“่ทฏใ‚’่ตฐใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€
02:54
simple here because we're talking about completed, finished, past events, or they should be present
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ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใ€็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใŸใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซใ™ใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
02:59
perfect sentences. So they're using the past participle, which relates to the present perfect
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽป ๅˆ†่ฉž
03:09
as in an action that happened in the past still with an impact now, but it's confused
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ใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ่กŒๅ‹• ใŒไปŠใงใ‚‚ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹็พๅœจ
03:17
because it's used without an auxiliary verb. So let's compare to the correct standard English
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ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใชใ—ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ ใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆจ™ๆบ–่‹ฑ่ชž็‰ˆใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:23
version. "Where's your homework? I did it." " Where's the vodka? He drank it." The past
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎฟ้กŒใฏใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ็งใฏใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒƒใ‚ซใฏใฉใ“ใ ๏ผŸๅฝผใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ€
03:34
simple form of the verb "drink" is "drank". I'll write that one down because it's a confusing
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œdrinkใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฏใ€Œdrankใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใฎใงๆ›ธใ„ใฆใŠใ
03:44
one. So it's "drink, drank, drunk". And -- yeah. "Where are the kids? They ran over the road."
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œ้ฃฒใ‚“ใงใ€้ฃฒใ‚“ใงใ€้…”ใฃใฆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ - ใˆใˆใ€‚ ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏใฉใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้“่ทฏใ‚’่ตฐใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
04:00
This one is confusing as well, "run, ran, run". And let's look at it in the present
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ€Œ่ตฐใ‚Œ ่ตฐใ‚Œ่ตฐใ‚Œใ€ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใง่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:12
perfect form. "Where's your homework? I've done it." "Where's the vodka? He's drunk it."
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎฟ้กŒใฏใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ— ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒƒใ‚ซใฏใฉใ“ใ ๏ผŸๅฝผใฏ้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ€
04:20
And, "Where are the kids? They've run over the road."
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏใฉใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้“ใ‚’่ตฐใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€
04:23
They're still there. They haven't come back yet.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใพใ ใใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏใพใ ๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:26
So moving on from there -- is this one a mistake? I'm not sure if this one is a mistake. I know
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ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ - ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:33
that I do this one, especially in text messages and things like that. No auxiliary verbs when
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็‰นใซใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใชใฉใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:40
making questions/word elisions. So in my text messages, I say something like this,
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่ณชๅ•/ๅ˜่ชžใฎ็œ็•ฅใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใใซๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆ ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใงใฏใ€
04:46
"You going out later?" It's very direct. Not using the question. Also, in speech, it's used quite
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ใ€ŒๅพŒใงๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚็›ดๆŽฅ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใฏใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
04:53
a lot. So maybe it's just that native speakers are lazy. We know from the tone that we're
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ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒๆ€ ใ‘่€…ใชใ ใ‘ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅฃ่ชฟใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
04:59
asking a question. "You going out later?" Because it goes up, we're not bothering to
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ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๅพŒใงๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ไธŠใŒใฃใฆใ„ใใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใ–ใ‚ใ–็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
05:04
say the question words. "Do you have a pen?" Just "you have a pen?" It's a bit strong.
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ใ€‚ "ใƒšใƒณใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ" ใŸใ ใ€Œใƒšใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅผทใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:10
It's not very polite. And this one -- what? This is wrong. "What you doing? What doing?"
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ - ไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œไฝ•ใ—ใฆใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸไฝ•ใ—ใฆใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸใ€
05:18
No, no, no, this isn't right. What did I mean to say here? Oh, the word is missing. "So
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ€่จ€่‘‰ใŒๆŠœใ‘ใฆใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
05:30
we would say, "What you doing" rather than, "What are you doing?"
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใ€Žไฝ•ใ‚’ใ— ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ?ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€Žไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ€
05:39
I'd say that it's more direct and less polite to speak like this, and it's incorrect in
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ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นใŒ็›ดๆŽฅ็š„ใง็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:46
terms of standard English, but people speak like that.
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ๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใช่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:49
No. 4. I'm not so much of a language pedant, which is someone who thinks that there is
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No. 4. ็งใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่จ€่ชžใฎ่ก’ๅญฆ ่€…ใงใฏ
05:54
only one way to say things and there's, like, a really wrong way to say things. Things don't
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ใชใใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใฏ 1 ใคใ—ใ‹ใชใใ€ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้–“้•ใฃใŸ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
06:01
really annoy me so much about language, except No. 4. This is the exception for me. I don't
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No. 4 ใ‚’้™คใ„ใฆใ€็งใฏ่จ€่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆใจใฆใ‚‚่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใจใฃใฆไพ‹ๅค–ใงใ™.
06:05
know why it's a big thing for me, but -- substituting "what" for "that" or "which". Where we need
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ใชใœใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใซใจใฃใฆๅคงใใช ใ“ใจใชใฎใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
06:23
to write "that" or "which", some people use the word "what". So here's an example. "I
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œใฉใ‚Œใ€ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใŸใ‚ใซ ใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™. ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ™. ใ€Œ
06:29
have two jackets what I wear." Sorry, normal people. More people say that. It's not just
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็งใฏ็€ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’2ๆžšๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.ใ€ ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ๆ™ฎ้€šใฎ ไบบ. ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคšใใฎไบบใŒใใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™. ใใ‚Œใฏๆ™ฎ้€šใฎไบบใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
06:38
normal people. "What" -- it doesn't -- I'm trying to understand why people say it. I'm
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. ใ€Œไฝ•ใ€ - ้•ใ„ใพใ™ - ใชใœไบบใ€…ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‹็†่งฃใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™. ็งใซใฏใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š
06:47
not quite sure. My only thinking is because we sometimes use "what" in a question to refer
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ใพใ›ใ‚“. ็งใฎๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ่€ƒใˆใฏใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ่ณชๅ•ใงใ€Œไฝ•ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™
06:56
to things -- "I've got two jackets. What jacket shall I wear?" -- because in this sense, "what"
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- " ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’2ๆžšๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ‚“ใชใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆ ใ‚’็€ใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ -- ใ“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ใ€
07:02
can mean "thing". But in this sentence here, "what" just doesn't belong. We need to use
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ใฏใ€Œใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ ใ€Œไฝ•ใ€ใฏๅฑžใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:10
"which" or "that". "I have two jackets which -- or that -- I wear." Because in terms of
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ใ€Œใฉใ‚Œใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ "I have two jackets which -- or that- I wear."
07:17
grammar, "which" or "that" are relative pronouns and we use them to refer to things. "What"
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ไธŠใ€"which" ใพใŸใฏ "that" ใฏ้–ขไฟ‚ไปฃๅ่ฉžใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚"What"
07:24
is not a relative pronoun, but just in speech, it's fairly common to hear that. Some people
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ใฏ้–ขไฟ‚ไปฃๅ่ฉžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใง ่จ€ใ†ใจ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใฎใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„
07:32
don't refer to things using "that" or "which", ever. They say "what" all the time. So -- yeah.
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ใงใ™ ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’่จ€ๅŠใ—ใชใ„ไบบใ‚‚ ใ„ใพใ™ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‚’ใ€
07:40
When we come back, we'll look at four other, let's say differences -- maybe they're mistakes
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ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ไป–ใฎ4ใคใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
07:49
-- between what native speakers say and what your textbooks tells you.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ่จ€ใฃ ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใจใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ•™็ง‘ๆ›ธใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ้•ใ„ - ใŠใใ‚‰ใ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™.
07:54
Here we are with some more native speaker issues to talk about. So what are these words,
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎ ๅ•้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ™. ,
07:59
"ain't" and "innit"? These are negative forms for verbs that you probably know. "I ain't
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"ain't" ใจ "innit"? ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงใ™. "I ain't
08:07
doing it." "Ain't" means, like -- "I'm not" is the best way of saying it. So I would say
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doing it." "Ain't" ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ -- "I'm not" ใŒไธ€็•ชใงใ™ ใคใพใ‚Š
08:22
-- my pen is not very, very nice. "I'm not doing it." That's the grammatically standard
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ใ€็งใฎใƒšใƒณใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“.ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใช
08:32
way, "I'm not doing it." What you'll often hear "ain't" in sentences in London. "I ain't
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่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™.ใ€ŒI'm not doing it.ใ€ ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใงใฏใ€Œain'tใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’
08:40
doing it." And also, "It's a nice day, innit?" "Innit", when we have a question tag, people
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ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œใ„ใ„ๆ—ฅใงใ™ใญใ€ใญใˆ๏ผŸใ€ ใ€ŒInnitใ€ใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚ฟใ‚ฐใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไบบใ€…
08:51
say "innit", which is "isn't it".
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ใฏใ€Œinnitใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใงใ™ใญใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใงใฏ่จ€่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎ
08:58
These ones are important to mention because a lot of people will judge you for saying
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ๅˆคๆ–ญใŒ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’
09:05
"ain't" and "innit" as being an uneducated person because there's so much judgment that
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ใ€Œain'tใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œinnitใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจๆ•™่‚ฒใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจๅˆคๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆ
09:12
goes on about language in England. I'm just pointing it out to you. But sometimes, we
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ใงใ™. ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
09:19
all probably say "ain't". You can say it to add emphasis or in a joke or whatever. "Go
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็š†ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€Œใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ†—่ซ‡ใง่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่กŒใฃ
09:27
and clean your room. I ain't doing it!" You know, you can say anything if you know what
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ใฆ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚็งใฏใ‚„ใฃใฆใชใ„ใ‚ใ‚ˆ๏ผใ€ ไฝ•ใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚
09:33
you're saying it for and, you know, you choose to say it that way.
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่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:38
So sometimes, speaking in a non-standard way, it can be a bit funny or being inventive with
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€้žๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใง่ฉฑใ™ ใจใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใŠใ‹ใ—ใใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€่จ€่‘‰ใŒ็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
09:45
language. But I wouldn't say that in any kind of formal situation or work situation, really.
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใฉใ‚“ใชใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใช็Šถๆณใ‚„ไป•ไบ‹ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚ใ€็งใฏใใ†ใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:52
But you know, you'll probably observe just general people using it.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌใฎไบบใ€…ใ ใ‘ใ‚’่ฆณๅฏŸใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
09:57
Looking at the next point, not saying past participles that end in -en. So here are some
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ๆฌกใฎ็‚นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€-en ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
10:06
verbs, "take, write, break, ate", and here are the forms in the past participle. So "take"
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ใพใ™ใ€‚"take, write, break, ate" ใจ ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใƒ†ใ‚คใ‚ฏใ€ใฏใ€Œใƒ†ใ‚คใ‚ฏใ€ใซ
10:15
becomes "taken"; "write" becomes "written"; "break" becomes "broken"; and "ate" becomes
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ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ›ธใ่พผใฟใ€ใฏใ€Œๆ›ธใ่พผใฟใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ€ใฏใ€ŒๅฃŠใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€Œ้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใฏ
10:23
"eaten". A lot of people don't use the past participle form in their sentences. So they
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ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎไบบใฏ ใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใง้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผใ‚‰
10:31
say things like this. "He hasn't took his lunch." You take your lunch break. You know,
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ใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ˜ผไผ‘ใฟใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใปใ‚‰ใ€
10:39
you go away for 20 minutes or 30 minutes to eat. Another verb we can use is "have". "He
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20ๅˆ†ใ‹30ๅˆ†้›ขใ‚Œใฆ ้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใซไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œhaveใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
10:48
hasn't had his lunch." But it doesn't fit with the past participle example I'm talking
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ๅฝผใฏๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ็งใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใซใฏ้ฉๅˆใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
10:52
about. So this is wrong, "He hasn't took his lunch." How should it be? "He hasn't taken
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
11:02
his lunch."
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ใ€‚ใ€
11:03
Next example. "Has he wrote the letter?" This is a question form. "Has he wrote the letter?"
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ่ณชๅ•ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
11:10
This is the present perfect, so we need to use the past participle. The past participle
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใชใฎใง ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉž
11:17
of this verb is "written". "Has he written the letter?" I'm just going to put crosses
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ใฏใ€Œๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผ ใฏๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
11:26
there so you can see it's wrong.
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้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใ“ใซๅๅญ—ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
11:27
"She has broke it." What do we put? "She has broken it." And the last example, "We haven't
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฃŠใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฃŠใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใพใ ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
11:37
ate our cake." What's the past participle -- oh, this is the -- I've put the past form
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ใ€‚ใ€ ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ -- ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ -- ็งใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—
11:45
there. The present simple tense -- the present form is "eat", so it becomes "eat, ate, eaten".
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ใŸใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถ -- ็พๅœจ ๅฝขใฏใ€Œ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€้ฃŸในใŸใ€้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:55
"We haven't eaten our cake."
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใพใ ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
12:00
And I'll just mention a pronunciation difference here. Some people will say, "We haven't ate
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆใ ใ‘่งฆใ‚ŒใฆใŠใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ“ใจ
12:06
our cake", and some people will say, "We haven't ate our cake." So there's variety there. I
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ใŒใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ“ใซใฏๅคšๆง˜ๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
12:14
personally say "ate". "I ate my lunch earlier."
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ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซใ€Œ้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ ๅ…ˆใซๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
12:20
No. 7, let's take a look at this. Confusing "borrow" and "lend". Let me try to explain.
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No.7ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œ่ฒธใ™ใ€ใฎๆททๅŒใ€‚ ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:29
What a native speaker may say is, "Borrow me some money. You've got money. I want it.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใ€ใ€Œ ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใŠ้‡‘ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’
12:37
Borrow me some money." But that's wrong. You can lend someone money. So you can say,
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ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒธใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
12:51
"Lend me some money, please", demanding it. Or "Could you please lend me some money?" But you can
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ใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่ฆๆฑ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ ใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
12:58
borrow money from somewhere. So you lend me the money, and I borrow it from you. I could
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ใ€ใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ง ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:08
say, "I borrowed money from you." "You lent me the money." When it's coming this direction
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ง ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃ
13:23
to me, I use "lend". "You lent me the money. I borrowed it from you." Or you could say,
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ใฆใใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใฏใ€Œ่ฒธใ™ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€
13:30
"The bank lent me some money. I borrowed some money from the bank." So it depends on the
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ใ€Œ้Š€่กŒใŒใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚้Š€่กŒใ‹ใ‚‰ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใฎใง
13:37
direction. "Lend" is towards, and when it's borrowed, you take it from someone, and you
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ๆ–นๅ‘ๆ€งๆฌก็ฌฌใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ฒธใ™ใ€ใจใฏใ€Œ่ฒธใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใง ใ€ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ€
13:43
bring it to yourself. You have to give it back later.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใซๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅพŒใง่ฟ”ใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:46
And No. 8, this isn't one you're going to hear in speech. This is one you're going to
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8 ็•ชใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใง่žใใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
13:53
see a lot in writing. And it always surprises me, actually, how many people don't know the
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ใ€ๆ›ธใ่พผใฟใงใ‚ˆใ็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€
14:01
difference, native speakers, between these words. These are homonyms. That means that
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎๆ•ฐใซใ„ใคใ‚‚้ฉšใ‹ใ•ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŒ้Ÿณ็•ฐ็พฉ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š
14:06
they sound the same. "Homonym." Sound the same, there, their, they're, but they have
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ใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๅŒ้Ÿณ็•ฐ็พฉ่ชžใ€ ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†
14:18
different meanings. So "there" means "place". "Over there." I can understand what that means
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ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใใ“ใ€ใฏใ€Œๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ "ใใกใ‚‰ๅดใ€‚" ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹
14:29
by feeling it in my hands. "There" -- pointing word, -ere.
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ใฏใ€ๆ‰‹ใซๅ–ใฃใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ“ใ€ใƒปใƒปใƒปๆŒ‡ๅทฎใ—ใ€๏ฝžใˆใ‚Œใ€‚
14:36
We use this " their", which is a pronoun for talking about possessions. "This is their
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ใ“ใฎใ€Œtheirใ€ใฏใ€ ๆ‰€ๆœ‰็‰ฉใ‚’่กจใ™ไปฃๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ
14:48
pen." There are some people over there, and this pen belongs to them. To do with possession,
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ใƒšใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใใ“ใซไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎไบบใŒใ„ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ ใƒšใƒณใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ‚’
14:55
-eir
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ๆ‰ฑใ† -eir
14:57
And this one, with the apostrophe, is a contraction of "they are". And it's different to these
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใงใ€ ใ€Œthey areใ€ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ2ใคใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Š
15:09
two. It means "they are". "They are coming." You know, just like "I am", "you are". "They
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใปใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰
15:20
are" -- it's different. It's not to do with possessing something. It's not to do with
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ใฏใ€ - ใใ‚Œใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใจใฏ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ•ใ™ใ“ใจใจใฏ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
15:26
pointing at something. So -- yeah. Native speakers are a little bit confused about this
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ - ใˆใˆใ€‚ ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆ
15:33
and may write the wrong thing in a text message or in an email or something like that. Many,
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ใŠใ‚Šใ€ใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚„้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใชใฉใง้–“้•ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ . ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€
15:38
many people. So that can confuse you as well when you think you know it and then you see
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไบบใ€‚ ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€
15:43
this fairly common mistake.
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ใ“ใฎใ‹ใชใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้–“้•ใ„ใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใจใ€ๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
15:45
So there you go. I've just covered eight of probably the most frequent native speaker errors
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ใงใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚ ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆœ€ใ‚‚้ ป็นใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎใ‚จใƒฉใƒผใฎใ†ใก 8
15:56
or we could say nonstandard mistakes in speech and in writing. You can go and do a quiz about
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ใคใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚„ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹้žๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใช้–“้•ใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:05
this lesson on the EngVid site. So go and check the quiz out. You can also subscribe
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EngVid ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใง ใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ€‚
16:09
here to my English channel. And you can also subscribe to my other channel, which is also
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ใ“ใ“ใง็งใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™. ใพใŸ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใชใฉใฎๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹็งใฎๅˆฅใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
16:14
about learning English and stuff. So there are so many videos. You can watch me every
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‹•็”ปใŒๅคšใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบบ็”ŸใฎๆฏŽๆ—ฅ็งใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
16:19
day of your life. Or you can even watch them all together in 24 hours of me teaching you
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใใ†ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€็งใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹24ๆ™‚้–“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆไธ€็ท’ใซ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ
16:26
English if you want to do that. So I'm going to go now. See you later.
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ใพใ™. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ็งใฏไปŠ่กŒใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸๅพŒใงใ€‚
17:00
Yeah. I just got confused. I'll not be laughing at the beginning of it. No. 7.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉๆททไนฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰็ฌ‘ใˆใชใ„ใ€‚ 7ๅทใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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