STOP SOUNDING WEAK!

106,593 views ใƒป 2018-10-13

English Jade


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, everyone. In this lesson we're going to look at ways our language shows that we're
0
310
5540
็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏ ใ€็งใŸใกใฎ่จ€่ชžใŒใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†
00:05
not very confident people, and it shows that we're afraid to give our opinions in case
1
5850
5690
ใซ็คบใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆ€’ใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ€’ใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅฎณใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใซๅ‚™ใˆใฆใ€ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:11
we upset someone or they get angry at us, or we offend them because we have a different
2
11540
6920
็งใŸใกใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
00:18
opinion. And without realizing it, many of us soften and change our language, and use
3
18460
7420
ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฎๅคšใใฏใ€ๆฐ—ใฅใ‹ใชใ„ใ†ใกใซ ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใใ—ใฆๅค‰ใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€
00:25
particular phrases so that we seem to agree with more people and we say everything politely.
4
25880
9010
็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎไบบใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ€ ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ไธๅฏงใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:34
In some situations, this is a good thing because this means using our words with tact; using
5
34890
7211
ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅทงใฟใซไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:42
our words in a way that respects other people, but sometimes if we use this language all
6
42101
8309
ไป–ใฎไบบใ‚’ๅฐŠ้‡ใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅธธใซใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจ
00:50
the time, it's because that shows us as being weak people who can't give an opinion about
7
50410
8190
ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒไฝ• ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใšใ€
00:58
anything, and who are afraid to speak their minds. So we're going to look at examples
8
58600
6299
่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅผฑใ„ไบบ้–“ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใงใ™. ใใ‚Œใงใฏ
01:04
of the kind of language where we... We lack confidence. And we'll go through some examples,
9
64899
8381
ใ€่จ€่ชžใฎ็จฎ้กžใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™... ็งใŸใกใฏ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆฌ ใ„ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ…่ฒฌไบ‹้ …ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
01:13
starting with speaking with disclaimers. When you speak with disclaimers; before you get
10
73280
7649
ใ€‚ ๅ…่ฒฌไบ‹้ …ใจ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€‚ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใซใŸใฉใ‚Š็€ใๅ‰ใซ
01:20
to what you really want to say, you go around it slowly first because you're scared to upset
11
80929
8070
ใ€ ใพใšใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจไธ€ๅ‘จ
01:28
someone or disagree with them.
12
88999
4250
ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:33
So we'll start here. Let's imagine the situation: You want to give your opinion about your friend's
13
93249
11500
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็Šถๆณใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†: ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‹ไบบใฎ้ดใซใคใ„ใฆๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™
01:44
shoes. She's decided to wear green shoes, and you just don't think they look good with
14
104749
5610
ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็ท‘ใฎ้ดใ‚’ๅฑฅใใ“ใจใซๆฑบใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
01:50
that outfit she's wearing - that pink dress; it doesn't look the best thing you've ever
15
110359
3570
ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ็€ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่กฃ่ฃ…ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฏใฎใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใซใฏไผผๅˆใ‚ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใพใง่ฆ‹ใŸไธญใงๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใฏ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅ‹ไบบ
01:53
seen but you want to show that, unlike your friend, you disagree that it's a good thing,
16
113929
8030
ใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ„
02:01
you could say: "This is just my opinion but I don't think those green shoes look the best
17
121959
8700
ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:10
with that pink dress." And when I say it like that, it's a sensitive way to disagree. And
18
130659
6962
ใใฎใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฏใฎใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใซใฏ้ดใŒไธ€็•ชใ‚ˆใไผผๅˆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆ•ๆ„Ÿใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™.
02:17
for an issue about shoes, it's not a big deal; it's not going to make you sound really weak.
19
137621
4849
้ดใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๅ•้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ๅคงใ—ใŸใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅผฑใใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:22
So it depends on the situation that you're talking about.
20
142470
4510
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใซไพๅญ˜ใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:26
The next situation, here: "You might disagree but..." Imagine there's an issue where you
21
146980
9920
ๆฌกใฎ็Šถๆณใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŒๆ„ใ—ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒ...ใ€
02:36
think one thing and someone else you know thinks something else; you have opposite opinions.
22
156900
5699
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅๅฏพใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:42
An example could be: You think it's unhealthy for children to eat chocolate every day, and
23
162599
8261
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅญไพ›ใŒๆฏŽๆ—ฅใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฅๅบทใซๆ‚ชใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใ—ใ€้ฃŸในใ‚‹
02:50
you don't think they should. And, in fact, you've got a son and you don't want him to
24
170860
5829
ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹. ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏๆฏๅญใŒใ„ใฆใ€ๅฝผใซๆฏŽๆ—ฅใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ‚’้ฃŸในใ•ใ›ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™
02:56
eat chocolate every day, but the son's grandma might disagree and think it's good for children
25
176689
7851
ใŒใ€ๆฏๅญใฎใŠใฐใ‚ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ ใฏๅๅฏพใ—ใ€ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒใ„ใคใ‚‚ใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›
03:04
to eat chocolate all the time. You could say: "You might disagree but I don't think kids
26
184540
7450
ใ‚“. ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ† ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็งใฏๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒๆฏŽๆ—ฅใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ในใใ ใจใฏๆ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
03:11
should eat chocolate all the time, every day; it's unhealthy for them."
27
191990
4889
ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใจใฃใฆไธๅฅๅบทใงใ™.ใ€
03:16
Moving on: "I'm not a professional but..." And: "I'm no expert but..." We can use these
28
196879
11621
ๆฌกใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™: ใ€Œ็งใฏ ๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ...ใ€ ใใ—ใฆ: ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ...ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
03:28
phrases when we're in a situation where it looks like... It seems like the other person
29
208500
11329
ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็Šถๆณใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ... ใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎไบบ
03:39
there has got more experience than us. Perhaps it's... They've got a proper job, and perhaps
30
219829
4731
ใฏ็งใŸใกใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคšใใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใใ‚Œใฏ...ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้ฉๅˆ‡ใชไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฐฑใ„ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ
03:44
we're just an intern. So we want to say something, but we're also thinking: "Oh, I could be wrong",
31
224560
8440
็งใŸใกใฏใŸใ ใฎใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅ‰ใซใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€
03:53
before I say that. So, here's an example: I'm wearing a microphone, here. Let's imagine
32
233000
8290
ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ“ใ“ใซไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚็งใฏ ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:01
this wasn't on the right way, and I'm the intern and I realize that, I could say something
33
241290
6290
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚็งใฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:07
like: "I'm no... I'm no expert but shouldn't the microphone be the other way around?"
34
247580
8379
้“ใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใซ๏ผŸ"
04:15
Or the same situation: "I'm not sure if this is always the case, though in my experience,
35
255959
10481
ใพใŸใฏๅŒใ˜็Šถๆณ: ใ€Œใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅธธใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€็งใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใงใฏใ€
04:26
those microphones usually go that way around." And the reason we would say... In this situation
36
266440
9020
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใฏ้€šๅธธใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€ใ†็†็”ฑใฏ...
04:35
I gave then, the reason I would say that very carefully is because in that situation there
37
275460
6679
็งใŒใใฎๆ™‚ไธŽใˆใŸใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ€็งใŒ้žๅธธใซ ๆ…Ž้‡ใซ่จ€ใ†็†็”ฑใฏใ€ใใฎ็Šถๆณใง
04:42
might be a reason that we don't have a lot of authority there. We might really know everything;
38
282139
7231
ใฏ็งใŸใกใŒใใ“ใซๅคšใใฎๆจฉ้™ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ . ็งใŸใกใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ™ในใฆใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:49
we might really know our stuff, but because we don't officially work there or we're not
39
289370
5560
็งใŸใกใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใใ“ใงๆญฃๅผใซๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹
04:54
an important person, we have to use our words in more careful ways. And also, we might be
40
294930
5880
ใ€้‡่ฆใชไบบ็‰ฉใงใฏใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ…Ž้‡ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ใพใŸใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
05:00
afraid about being wrong, so we don't want to say the wrong thing.
41
300810
4960
้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใง ใ€้–“้•ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™.
05:05
Here's some other examples: "It might just be me but..." We can say this if we happen
42
305770
11560
ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไป–ใฎไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™: ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ็งใ ใ‘ใ‹ใ‚‚ ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ...ใ€ ใŸใพใŸใพไป–ใฎไบบใจๆ„่ฆ‹ใŒไธ€่‡ดใ—ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
05:17
to disagree with the other... With the other people around us. We could also say: "Perhaps
43
317330
8530
... ็งใŸใกใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎไป–ใฎไบบใŸใกใจใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™:ใ€Œๅคšๅˆ†
05:25
I misunderstood", and: "Forgive me if I'm wrong but..." All these examples we could
44
325860
7730
็งใฏ่ชค่งฃใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ:ใ€Œ็งใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰่จฑใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„...ใ€
05:33
use in a situation similar to the microphone example where we... Where we... We think something
45
333590
13790
็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‹
05:47
different, but we're not 100% certain. So, if I'm going back, using the microphone as
46
347380
7289
้•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€100%็ขบๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ฉฑ ใ‚’ๆˆปใ™ใจใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏ
05:54
an example, I could say: "Perhaps I misunderstood but aren't microphones supposed to go this
47
354669
9011
ใ‚’ไพ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œ่ชค่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ‹•ใในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
06:03
way around?" Same example: "Forgive me if I'm wrong but aren't the microphones supposed
48
363680
8239
ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŒใ˜ไพ‹: ใ€Œ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏ
06:11
to go this way?" So there's some different phrases for communicating the same kind of
49
371919
5731
ใฏใ“ใฎๆ–นๅ‘ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?ใ€ ๅŒใ˜็จฎ้กžใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บ
06:17
idea there. "I'm not 100% sure about this, but I'm going to say it very carefully."
50
377650
6229
ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ100๏ผ…็ขบไฟกใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€้žๅธธใซๆ…Ž้‡ใซ่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:23
Okay, now let's look at evading opinions. This... "Evading" means avoiding, missing
51
383879
9500
ใ•ใฆใ€ใงใฏๅ›ž้ฟๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ... ใ€Œๅ›ž้ฟใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅ›ž้ฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ€
06:33
out, or giving opinions. We use this kind of language... Or people use this kind of
52
393379
7760
้€ƒใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎ่จ€่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™... ใพใŸใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ
06:41
language in situations where they are cautious about sharing their opinion with that person.
53
401139
11680
่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ใใฎไบบใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆ…Ž้‡ใช็Šถๆณใงใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎ่จ€่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™.
06:52
Perhaps they don't want to get in an argument, perhaps it's about a political issue, and
54
412819
5741
ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ‚Œใฏ ๆ”ฟๆฒป็š„ใชๅ•้กŒใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
06:58
they know: "If I start talking about that - well, things could get uncomfortable." So
55
418560
4170
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œ็งใŒใใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ ใจใ€ไบ‹ๆ…‹ใŒไธๅฟซใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
07:02
there are ways that people close down those kind of talks; and they won't say anything.
56
422730
9350
ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใใฎ็จฎใฎ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ„ใ‚’็ท ใ‚ใใใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:12
And here are some signs of doing that.
57
432080
1930
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ…†ๅ€™ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:14
So, these... These situations could be a hot political issue that people disagree about.
58
434010
8850
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็Šถๆณใฏ ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’็•ฐใซใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ›ใƒƒใƒˆใชๆ”ฟๆฒปๅ•้กŒใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:22
For example, this could be: "What do we do with refugees?" And someone doesn't want to
59
442860
5580
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€Œ้›ฃๆฐ‘ใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹?ใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ
07:28
talk about it, so they say: "It must be hard. I don't know much about it. Sorry, I don't...
60
448440
6690
ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใŒใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใซใกใŒใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ใพใ‚Š็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็งใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“...
07:35
I don't know much about it. It must be hard to do... What to do with them; I don't know
61
455130
3740
็งใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ใพใ‚Š็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚€ใšใ‹ใ—ใ„โ€ฆโ€ฆใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใฎใ‹ใ€
07:38
much about it." And that has the result of finishing the conversation.
62
458870
6970
ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’็ต‚ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็ตๆžœใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:45
Or they could simply say... One person could say loads and loads of things about the refugees
63
465840
5560
ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™... ไธ€ไบบใŒ ้›ฃๆฐ‘ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€
07:51
and what they think should happen, and the other person at the end could just say: "It's
64
471400
5889
ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใฉใ†ใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใ€ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ไบบใฏๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œใใ‚Œ
07:57
not really something I know about", and that finishes the discussion.
65
477289
7681
ใฏ็งใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:04
This example, here, would be more if someone was talking about a whole area or field of
66
484970
10229
ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹
08:15
expertise or study that you didn't know, so you didn't have a lot of confidence in that
67
495199
5631
ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅฐ‚้–€ๅˆ†้‡Žใ‚„็ ”็ฉถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎๅˆ†้‡Žใซ ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‡ชไฟกใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
08:20
area. Perhaps they were talking about something in... For me it would be if they're talking
68
500830
4890
. ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ— ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†...็งใซใจใฃใฆใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ
08:25
about something in physics or mathematics; I don't know really much about that, and someone
69
505720
5439
็‰ฉ็†ๅญฆใ‚„ๆ•ฐๅญฆใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ง ใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ใพใ‚Š็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€่ชฐใ‹
08:31
could be telling me lots of things about it, and I could just say: "I haven't studied that,
70
511159
5151
ใŒใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ
08:36
so I don't know." Now, this... If that's true, that's fair... That's fair enough, in a way.
71
516310
6039
ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ... ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๅ…ฌๅนณใงใ™. ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅๅˆ†ใซๅ…ฌๅนณใงใ™.
08:42
If you really don't know about it, what can you say on that subject? But sometimes people
72
522349
6291
ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใใฎไปถใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‹? ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
08:48
will use: "I haven't studied that, so I don't know about lots of things." We don't have
73
528640
5460
ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใ‚‹
08:54
to study everything in the world to have an opinion on; so just something to be aware
74
534100
4850
ใŸใ‚ใซไธ–็•Œไธญใฎใ™ในใฆใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจ
08:58
of.
75
538950
1190
ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:00
And this one: "I think it's a complex situation, so I don't know." Again, we could use this
76
540140
6040
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ่ค‡้›‘ใช็Šถๆณใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—
09:06
for the political issues that we don't want to talk about, or issues to do with society
77
546180
7460
ใŸใใชใ„ๆ”ฟๆฒป็š„ใช ๅ•้กŒใ‚„ใ€็คพไผšใ‚„ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๅ•้กŒ
09:13
or culture, things like that. If it's a sensitive topic and you don't really want to talk to
78
553640
5540
ใชใฉใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‡ใƒชใ‚ฑใƒผใƒˆใช ่ฉฑ้กŒใงใ€ใใฎไบบใจใฏ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใ—ใ€
09:19
that person or say what you really think, sometimes people will say this.
79
559180
5640
่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ไบบใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ†่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:24
Now let's look at signs of self-doubt. This is a sign where you don't really... Let's
80
564820
8150
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่‡ชๅทฑไธไฟกใฎๅ…†ๅ€™ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ…†ๅ€™ใงใ™...
09:32
say if you've been talking about something, giving an opinion, you don't... You know that
81
572970
9970
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ— ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็†่งฃใ—
09:42
you haven't really explained it 100% and you haven't really convinced yourself that you
82
582940
5630
ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†. ใ‚ใชใŸ
09:48
explained it in a really good way, or you said something that was correct or accurate,
83
588570
5130
ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใพใŸใฏๆญฃ็ขบใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
09:53
you could just say at the end: "Blah, blah, blah, here's my really long thing that I'm
84
593700
4060
็ขบไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใชใ‹ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
09:57
saying. I really don't believe I've said it in the best way possible", then at the end
85
597760
4569
ใ€‚ . . ๅฏ่ƒฝใช้™ใ‚Šๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใใ‚Œ
10:02
you say: "Does that make sense?" Now, people often use that at the end. And as well as...
86
602329
8731
ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใจใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“. ใ•ใฆใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐๆœ€ๅพŒใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
10:11
In some... Sometimes it shows self-doubt, that they already know it didn't make sense;
87
611060
6040
... ไธ€้ƒจใงใฏ... ๆ™‚ใซใฏใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ใชใ•ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใงใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่‡ชๅทฑไธไฟกใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:17
and other times they say it after it's, like, long and complicated, and it doesn't make
88
617100
6890
ใพใŸ ใ€้•ทใใฆ่ค‡้›‘ใงๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅพŒใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
10:23
sense - they say: "Does that make sense?" at the end because they just want you to say:
89
623990
6080
- ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
10:30
"Yes", even if it doesn't. Because it's a question at the end and it makes you agree,
90
630070
7050
ใใ†ใงใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ ใ‘ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
10:37
it sometimes... And it's also a way of them ending their long point. "Does that make sense?"
91
637120
5790
. "ใใ‚Œใฏ็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ"
10:42
so you just say: "Yeah." And if you want, you can carry on talking about it after that.
92
642910
6320
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใ ่จ€ใ†๏ผšใ€Œใˆใˆใ€ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ ใใฎๅพŒใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:49
And a similar example is: You have been explaining something for a while, perhaps it was something
93
649230
7049
ไผผใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™: ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใฎ้–“ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š่ค‡้›‘ใชใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸ
10:56
quite complicated, and at the end you say: "Have I managed to get my point across?" And
94
656279
5381
ใ€‚
11:01
in most situations, the other person will say: "Yeah. Yes" because you're... When you
95
661660
8810
ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใฏ ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€‚ใฏใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ...
11:10
ask a question like this, you're pushing them to give you a positive answer and say yes.
96
670470
4370
ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ็›ธๆ‰‹ใซ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใช็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ€ใฏใ„ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:14
Next, we've got more examples.
97
674840
2480
ๆฌกใซใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:17
Now let's look at ways of making oneself small; making myself small. When I make myself small,
98
677320
7699
ใงใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅฐใ•ใใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅฐใ•ใใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็งใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ๅฐใ•ใใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
11:25
I... On one side, we could look at it as... Look at it like modesty. "I'm not going to
99
685019
5510
็งใฏ... ไธ€ๆ–นใงใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™... ่ฌ™่™šใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ
11:30
talk about myself like I'm a big important person, and I'm great to everything." That's
100
690529
5621
่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใจใฆใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชไบบ็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ™ในใฆใซใŠใ„ใฆ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไบบ้–“ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ
11:36
true sometimes, but other sides, it's when we don't use words that describe us as we
101
696150
9270
ๆ™‚ใ€…็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ใŒใ€ไป–ใฎ้ขใงใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
11:45
really are. So, instead of saying the good things about ourselves, we would use language
102
705420
5349
ใงใ™. ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซใคใ„ใฆ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ ่จ€่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
11:50
to always make us smaller and worse than other people, and not as good. Let's look at some
103
710769
7661
ใ—ใฆใ€ๅธธใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ไป–ใฎไบบใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใใ€ๆ‚ชใใ—ใ€ไป–ใฎ ไบบใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆ‚ชใใ—ใพใ™. ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
11:58
examples.
104
718430
1000
ใ€‚
11:59
So, let's say you're talking about your job or it could be you're... You're talking about
105
719430
8890
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
12:08
books or how you like writing. Here's an example sentence that shows making yourself small:
106
728320
6780
ใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅฐใ•ใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Š
12:15
"I'm not a published author but I do have a small blog." So, if we break down this sentence:
107
735100
8460
ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ็งใฏๅ‡บ็‰ˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่‘—่€…ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅฐใ•ใชใƒ–ใƒญใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ€ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅˆ†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹
12:23
A published author is, like, a very important author who's, you know... You can listen to...
108
743560
7510
ใจใ€ๅ‡บ็‰ˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่‘—่€…ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใช ่‘—่€…ใงใ™... ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™...
12:31
Listen to published authors give their opinions about things. These people are worth listening
109
751070
6829
ๅ‡บ็‰ˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่‘—่€…ใŒ็‰ฉไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ . ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไบบใ€…ใฏ่žใไพกๅ€ค
12:37
to; whereas you have just a small blog. It's so small, nobody comes to it, it's not important
110
757899
6111
ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฐใ•ใชใƒ–ใƒญใ‚ฐใ—ใ‹ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ ๅฐใ•ใ„ใฎใงใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใใ“ใซๆฅใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใ„ใฎใงใ€้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
12:44
because it's so small. So, by the comparison here, that's the way you make yourself look
111
764010
8079
ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅฐใ•ใ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™
12:52
small. The comparison between the author that's been published by a publisher, somebody else;
112
772089
8991
ใ€‚ ๅ‡บ็‰ˆ็คพใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅ‡บ็‰ˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่‘—่€…ใจไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใจใฎๆฏ”่ผƒใ€‚
13:01
and the comparison between you who just do it by yourself. We can break it down in more
113
781080
5860
ไธ€ไบบใงใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใชใŸใจใฎๆฏ”่ผƒ ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
13:06
ways of saying: If you do something by yourself, it's not as good as somebody giving you the
114
786940
7560
ใพใ™๏ผš่‡ชๅˆ†ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใปใฉ่‰ฏใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
13:14
job. Or it could be about audience size.
115
794500
4430
. ใพใŸใฏใ€่ด่ก†ใฎ่ฆๆจกใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
13:18
Next we've got: "Although I don't have a degree in psychology, I did take a few modules in
116
798930
6959
ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฟƒ็†ๅญฆใฎๅญฆไฝใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒขใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๅ—่ฌ›ใ—ใพใ—
13:25
it." Somebody might say this after a discussion has come up, talking about... Could be talking
117
805889
9510
ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ่ญฐ่ซ–ใŒๆŒใกไธŠใŒใฃใŸๅพŒใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ..
13:35
about a disorder of a particular kind. It could be... Let's say there was a discussion
118
815399
6831
็‰นๅฎšใฎ็จฎ้กžใฎ้šœๅฎณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ใ€Œๅญฆๆ กใง
13:42
going on about: "Should children be taking medications to control their energy levels
119
822230
9010
ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒญใƒผใƒซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏ่–ฌใ‚’ๆœ็”จใ™ในใ
13:51
in schools?" things like that. If you didn't feel confident about giving your opinion on
120
831240
6250
ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ญฐ่ซ–ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใ‚‹
13:57
that, you could say: "Although I don't have a degree in psychology, I did take a few modules
121
837490
6510
ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
14:04
in it." Now, if we break this down, what this sentence is telling us indirectly is that:
122
844000
9710
ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆ†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใฎ ๆ–‡ใŒ้–“ๆŽฅ็š„ใซไผใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Š
14:13
"Well, I don't have a degree, so I don't really know enough. I'm... I know a bit, but I don't...
123
853710
8119
ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏโ€ฆโ€ฆ
14:21
Maybe I don't know as much as you because you've got a degree." And if you say you take
124
861829
4831
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅญฆไฝใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใปใฉ่ฉณใ—ใใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸ
14:26
a few modules - a few modules makes it sound small as well. So, this is like saying you
125
866660
7169
ใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒขใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒขใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚‚ ๅฐใ•ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
14:33
know a little bit but not that much, and you lack the confidence to just share your opinion.
126
873829
7101
ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉๅคšใใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใฎ่‡ชไฟกใŒใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
14:40
You could be very, very knowledgeable. In general, you could be very, very knowledgeable
127
880930
4450
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้žๅธธใซ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใŒ่ฑŠๅฏŒใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฟƒ็†ๅญฆใซใคใ„ใฆ้žๅธธใซ็ฒพ้€šใ—
14:45
about psychology and not have a degree. So if you go around saying things like this,
128
885380
6530
ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅญฆไฝใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€
14:51
even if you have all that knowledge on psychology... About psychology, you make it small, because
129
891910
4859
ๅฟƒ็†ๅญฆใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใŒ่ฑŠๅฏŒใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๅฟƒ็†ๅญฆใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ
14:56
you say: "Oh, I haven't got a degree, so..."
130
896769
4401
ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏๅญฆไฝใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ ใฎใง...ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐใ•ใใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:01
Next: You could say this example if you happen to be talking to someone, and it seem, like,
131
901170
7160
ๆฌก: ใ“ใฎไพ‹ ใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€
15:08
they... "Wow, they seem like they know their stuff." And perhaps they argue back. You give
132
908330
6211
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ... ใ€Œใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใซ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ่ซ–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ
15:14
an opinion; they argue back. The way some people deal with those kinds of people is
133
914541
5559
ใฏๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ่ซ–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ† ใชไบบใ€…ใซๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ
15:20
just to say: "Well, you know more than me". "You obviously know a lot more about this
134
920100
6890
ใ€ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™. ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ€็งใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ“ใฎไปถใซใคใ„ใฆๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆ
15:26
than I do." And this you might say because they're so good at arguing. Sometimes we misinterpret
135
926990
11080
ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ไธŠๆ‰‹ใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ . ๆ™‚ใ€…
15:38
somebody who's really good at arguing and persuading us with their words for knowing
136
938070
5870
ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใง็งใŸใกใ‚’่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใŸใ‚Š่ชฌๅพ—ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅพ—ๆ„ใชไบบใ‚’่ชค่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
15:43
a lot; for knowing more than us. But some people are better at speaking the things that
137
943940
6530
ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€้ƒจใฎ ไบบใ€…ใฏใ€
15:50
they believe, and getting other people to agree with them. It doesn't mean the same
138
950470
4880
่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใซ ๅŒๆ„ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใฎใŒๅพ—ๆ„ใงใ™. ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใจใฆใ‚‚็Ÿฅ็š„ใงใ€ใ™ในใฆใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
15:55
thing as they always are so intelligent and know everything.
139
955350
5260
.
16:00
Another thing that many learners of English do is make themselves small by always, always
140
960610
8450
ๅคšใใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใŒ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใ“ใจ ใฏใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใฒใฉใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆใฟใ‚“ใชใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅฐใ•ใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
16:09
having to get everybody there to know about their terrible English; how bad their English
141
969060
6469
ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ‚“ใช็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉๆ‚ชใ„ใ‹
16:15
is in any situation. So, you meet someone, and the first thing they ever say to you is:
142
975529
4321
ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใซไผšใฃใŸใจใใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€
16:19
"Sorry for my terrible English!" even if they don't have terrible English and they speak
143
979850
4450
ใ€Œ็งใฎใฒใฉใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„๏ผใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใฒใฉใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใใฆใ‚‚
16:24
quite good English a lot of the time. So, on one side we could say it's modesty - sometimes
144
984300
5830
ใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚ŠไธŠๆ‰‹ใช่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ไธ€ๆ–น็š„ใซใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ฌ™่™šใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ - ๆ™‚ใ€…
16:30
people like to say... Well, they don't want to say: "Oh, I've got fantastic English. Isn't
145
990130
7329
ไบบใ€…ใฏ่จ€ใ„ใŸใŒใ‚Šใพใ™... ใพใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่จ€ใ„ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“:ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:37
my English so great?" So they can could be modest in a way. But in a lot of situations,
146
997459
7990
็งใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงๆŽงใˆใ‚ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
16:45
it will just make the other people... The English people around you or the native speakers
147
1005449
4191
ใใ‚Œใฏไป–ใฎไบบใ€…ใซ... ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไบบใ€…ใ‚„ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผ
16:49
around you... A lot of the time it will more likely to make them think that your English
148
1009640
6240
...ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฏใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใจๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๆ€ใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™.
16:55
isn't very good, because you're not showing confidence at all.
149
1015880
5160
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใฃใŸใ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚
17:01
And the last example here is the comparison, when... Let's say we've got a friend or somebody
150
1021040
9670
ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไพ‹ใฏ
17:10
we know; I bake cakes, my friend makes cakes also, and what I do is compare us, but I compare
151
1030710
6730
ๆฏ”่ผƒใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’็„ผใใ€ๅ‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:17
us in a way that I show myself to be bad and my friend is good, I could say something like
152
1037440
8870
็งใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็งใŸใกใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ— ใ€ๅ‹ไบบใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
17:26
this: "Oh, my cakes are nowhere near as... Are nowhere as good as yours." This is quite
153
1046310
10610
ใฉใ“ใซใ‚‚ๅŠใฐใชใ„... ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚‚ใฎใปใฉ่‰ฏใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใปใฉ่‰ฏใใชใ„
17:36
a conversational kind of phrase when you say something is nowhere as good as something
154
1056920
5030
ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใฎ้žๅธธใซไผš่ฉฑ็š„ใช็จฎ้กžใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บ
17:41
else. And I think when people tend to say these things, when they tend to make these
155
1061950
6860
ใงใ™. ใใ—ใฆใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ใจใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ
17:48
negative comparisons, they're really searching... They really want the other person to just
156
1068810
5110
ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™..
17:53
give them a compliment and just say: "Oh, that's not true. Yours are better than mine."
157
1073920
5400
. ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏ็งใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
17:59
So, really, when... When people say these kind of things, then in... In many but not
158
1079320
5110
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ใ„ใค... ไบบใ€…ใŒใ“ใฎ ็จฎใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใใ—ใฆ... ใ™ในใฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒๅคšใ
18:04
all circumstances it's not true when they give a negative comparison; they just want
159
1084430
4910
ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
18:09
you to give them something... You... They want you to give them some confidence.
160
1089340
9300
ใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™... ใ‚ใชใŸ.
18:18
Now let's look at hesitant hedges. That's a way of saying: How do we say things and
161
1098640
11250
ๆฌกใซใ€ใŸใ‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใƒ˜ใƒƒใ‚ธใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ ใฏ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™: ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ„
18:29
give those opinions in softer ways? How can we use language to reduce the force and the
162
1109890
12120
ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฉใ‚„ใ‹ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ ใ“ใจใฎๅŠ›ใจๅฝฑ้ŸฟๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹
18:42
impact of what we want to say?
163
1122010
6250
ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
18:48
Let's say, for the first one, a situation where you disturbed somebody and you didn't
164
1128260
8950
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ้‚ช้ญ”
18:57
want to take up a lot of their time, you could say: "Oh. Oh. I just wanted to say..." What
165
1137210
7620
ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅ–ใ‚ŠใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใŸใ ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™...ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจ
19:04
makes this a hedge is the word "just". "Just" is softer than saying: "Hey, I wanted to say",
166
1144830
11560
ใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ˜ใƒƒใ‚ธใฏใ€ŒใŸใ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ€ ใฏใ€ใ€Œใญใˆใ€็งใฏ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ใ€
19:16
blah, blah, blah. Like, you could surprise a person if you said that. But "just" has
167
1156390
4771
ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€‚ ใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ไบบใ‚’้ฉšใ‹ใ›ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ€ใซใฏ
19:21
the effect of making the request smaller and softer.
168
1161161
6539
ใ€ ใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฐใ•ใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅŠนๆžœใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:27
Perhaps you find it hard to give your opinion and to speak your mind so clearly, in which
169
1167700
7460
ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐใน ใŸใ‚Šใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใจ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใŒ
19:35
case you would say: "It's sort of hard to say"... "Sort of", "sort of". What you really
170
1175160
10400
้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎ
19:45
mean is: "It's hard to say. I'm really struggling to say this", but you can't say it, so you
171
1185560
6670
ใฏใ€ใ€Œ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‹ฆๅŠด ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†
19:52
say: "It's sort of".
172
1192230
2640
ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
19:54
Another example is: "I'm kind of sick today". What you really mean is: "I'm sick today;
173
1194870
7180
ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅ…ทๅˆใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅ…ทๅˆ
20:02
I don't feel well. I'm ill." But when you say: "kind of", it's not as strong. And maybe
174
1202050
11250
ใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใ€‚ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใ€‚็—…ๆฐ—ใ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉๅผทใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
20:13
we could look at this sentence as a form of an excuse, people would say. Perhaps this
175
1213300
5350
ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่จ€ใ„่จณใฎๅฝขใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ ใ€ใจไบบใ€…ใฏ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†. ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใ“ใฎ
20:18
sentence would be you felt like you had to go to work, even though you were sick; it
176
1218650
7020
ๆ–‡ใฏใ€็—…ๆฐ—ใชใฎใซไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
20:25
wasn't possible to call in sick. And now you're at work; you've had a problem or your performance...
177
1225670
6840
็—…ๆฐ—ใง้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆฅญ็ธพ...
20:32
You've had a problem with one of your colleagues - the day hasn't been going really well, you
178
1232510
5200
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŒๅƒšใฎไธ€ไบบใจๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ - ใใฎๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ†ใพใใ„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:37
could give this as an excuse and say: "I'm kind of... I'm kind of sick today."
179
1237710
6610
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ„่จณ ใซใ—ใฆๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ โ€ฆโ€ฆไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅ…ทๅˆใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
20:44
We can also use: "suppose". When we use "suppose", we're not... "Suppose" means something, like:
180
1244320
10460
ใ€Œๆƒณๅฎšใ€ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œไปฎๅฎšใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“... ใ€Œไปฎๅฎšใ€ใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช
20:54
"I guess. I'm not 100% sure". And when we use "suppose" with "might", because "might"
181
1254780
10000
ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€Œไปฎๅฎšใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ€ใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ€
21:04
isn't 100% certain either, we get all this uncertainty in the sentence. "I suppose it
182
1264780
9180
ใ‚‚ 100% ็ขบๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ ไธ็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใŒๆ–‡ใซๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒใŸใถใ‚“
21:13
might be because..." When we bring in more and more words of uncertainty, that's a way
183
1273960
7520
โ€ฆใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ ไธ็ขบใ‹ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใฉใ‚“ใฉใ‚“ๆŒใก่พผใ‚€ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œ
21:21
of softening what we're going to say. Perhaps, here, if we're giving an opinion that we know
184
1281480
8440
ใฏ็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ’Œใ‚‰ใ’ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™. ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ ใ“ใ“ใง
21:29
the other person won't like or might find difficult to hear, that's why we might say
185
1289920
7220
ใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ่žใๅ–ใ‚Šใซใใ„ใจใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐใน
21:37
it this way, with "suppose" and "might". We'll say it so gently because we don't want to
186
1297140
6240
ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œๆƒณๅฎšใ€ใจใ€Œๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใฏใใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:43
upset or offend that person.
187
1303380
3490
ใใฎไบบใ‚’ๅ‹•ๆบใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Šๆ€’ใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚็ฉใ‚„ใ‹ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:46
In this example, here, I'm using: "Maybe" in the same way; to soften. If I said to you:
188
1306870
10640
ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ€ŒใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ ใ‚’ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ
21:57
"I need to think about it some more", perhaps I'm not sure I want to say no - you're...
189
1317510
5530
ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่€ƒใˆ ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅคšๅˆ†ใ€็งใฏๆ–ญใ‚ŠใŸใใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:03
You've got... You've invited me at the weekend to go on a trip with you, and it could either
190
1323040
8600
ใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆ—…่กŒใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใฏใ€
22:11
be I don't want to say no right now, and it could also be honestly and genuinely I need
191
1331640
7690
ไปŠใฏใƒŽใƒผใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ ๆญฃ็›ดใซใ€ใใ—ใฆ
22:19
to think about it some more; I need more time. If I say: "Maybe", that shows more hesitancy,
192
1339330
10930
ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚‚ใฃใจ่€ƒใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใซใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ™‚้–“ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ€ŒใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š่บŠ่บ‡ใ—ใ€
22:30
more care taken in the time you need. You're not committing now when we say: "Maybe".
193
1350260
11280
ๅฟ…่ฆใชๆ™‚้–“ใซใ‚‚ใฃใจๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅคšๅˆ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠใ‚ณใƒŸใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:41
Another example is: "I wondered if I could have a word with you about that". We say:
194
1361540
6400
ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไพ‹ใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใจ่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใฃใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผš
22:47
"Can I have a word with you?" when we want to talk to someone. Usually we say: "Can I
195
1367940
7850
ใ€Œไธ€่จ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œ
22:55
have a word with you?" it means a private... A short, private talk. "Just come here for
196
1375790
5540
ไธ€่จ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ™ใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ... ็Ÿญใ„ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ™ใƒผใƒˆใช่ฉฑใ€‚ ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
23:01
a minute. Can I have a word with you? We're going to speak." If I say: "I wondered if
197
1381330
6990
ใ€‚ไธ€่จ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ็ง ใŸใกใฏ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰
23:08
I could have a word with you about...", "I wonder" is I'm not... I'm not certain you're
198
1388320
10210
ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใจไฝ•ใ‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไบคใ‚ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹...ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ ไธๆ€่ญฐใซๆ€ใ†ใ€ใฏ็งใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“... ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚คใ‚จใ‚นใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹็ขบไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
23:18
going to say yes, and I'm saying it politely. I'm using... I'm using the past. I could use
199
1398530
8610
ใจไธๅฏงใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™... ็งใฏ้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ
23:27
the past tense or the present tense, here; I could say: "I wonder if I could have a word
200
1407140
4620
ใ€้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใพใŸใฏ็พๅœจๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ง ใฏ
23:31
with you about..." and I can also say: "Oh, hello. I wondered if I could have a word with
201
1411760
5440
ใ€ใ€Œ... ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€่จ€ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:37
you about..." When I do this, I'm giving you the... More ability to refuse me, because
202
1417200
8840
ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ ็งใ‚’ๆ‹’ๅฆใ™ใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™.ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€
23:46
I am just... I'm not certain, because I'm only wondering now. I'm unsure if you'll say
203
1426040
5990
็ง ใฏ.... ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚คใ‚จใ‚นใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ€็งใฏ็ขบไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใพใ›ใ‚“
23:52
yes. Of course, it means the exact same thing to say: "Can I have a word with you about...?"
204
1432030
9720
ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ใ€Œ๏ฝžใซใคใ„ใฆไธ€่จ€ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚‚ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
24:01
Only difference being this one is softer and more gentle before you ask for what you want.
205
1441750
9490
ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฉใ‚„ใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
24:11
And the last example, here, is not an example with a specific situation; it's just to show
206
1451240
9340
ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
24:20
how when we use words, like: "possibly", we're not sure. When we say: "Oh, it's possibly
207
1460580
8320
ใ€ŒใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใชใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ
24:28
this." When we say: "possibly", we're using a hedge to say: "We don't know something";
208
1468900
7950
ใ€‚ ใ€ŒใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใƒ˜ใƒƒใ‚ธใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:36
we soften our language. And if we use: "I guess"... When we say: "I guess", "I guess
209
1476850
7350
็งใŸใกใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ : ใ€ŒๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใพใ™ใ€... ใ€ŒๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒๆŽจๆธฌ
24:44
it's because", it's not because we know it's because; it's not because we have confidence
210
1484200
3760
ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅŽŸๅ› ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†่‡ชไฟกใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
24:47
to say that; 100% certainty. Anyway, the way... The reason I'm using this example is to say
211
1487960
6790
ใ€‚ 100%ใฎ็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ๆ–นๆณ• ... ็งใŒใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใฏ
24:54
that often when a person uses hedges in their speech and they often soften their language,
212
1494750
7020
ใ€ไบบใŒใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใƒ˜ใƒƒใ‚ธใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ’Œใ‚‰ใ’ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
25:01
the sentences will be full of hedges, combinations of hedges that don't really add to the meaning;
213
1501770
10900
ใ€ๆ–‡ใฏ ใƒ˜ใƒƒใ‚ธใ€ใใ†ใงใชใ„ใƒ˜ใƒƒใ‚ธใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใงใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™. ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:12
just have the impact of keeping that carefulness in the words.
214
1512670
6360
่จ€่‘‰ใซใใฎๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ไฟใคใจใ„ใ†ๅฝฑ้ŸฟใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
25:19
So, thank you, everybody, for watching now. What I'd like to do now is you could possibly
215
1519030
6500
ใงใฏใ€ใฟใชใ•ใ‚“ใ€ไปŠ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ ็งใŒไปŠใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„
25:25
go and do the quiz, I guess, if you wanted to do it; and I suppose if you've got the
216
1525530
6980
ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่กŒใฃใฆใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
25:32
time, you could do the quiz. Thanks for watching, and I'll see you again soon. Bye.
217
1532510
4710
ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7