Visual Guide To English Perfect Tenses - Past, Present And Future Perfect

17,876 views

2019-04-19 ・ EnglishAnyone


New videos

Visual Guide To English Perfect Tenses - Past, Present And Future Perfect

17,876 views ・ 2019-04-19

EnglishAnyone


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hello, and welcome to this month’s Grammar Focus lesson!
0
789
4291
μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, 이번 λ‹¬μ˜ Grammar Focus μˆ˜μ—…μ— μ˜€μ‹  것을 ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ !
00:05
In this lesson, we go into depth about perfect tenses, such as the present perfect, past
1
5080
5040
이번 μ‹œκ°„μ—λŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ, κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ,
00:10
perfect and the future perfect.
2
10120
3979
λ―Έλž˜μ™„λ£Œμ™€ 같은 μ™„λ£Œμ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μžμ„Ένžˆ μ•Œμ•„λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
Anyone learning English will come across perfect tenses pretty soon in their studies, because
3
14099
4032
μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό λ°°μš°λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ˜μ–΄ λ¬Έλ²•μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 일반적으둜 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” ν˜•νƒœμ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 곧 μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ ‘ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:18
they are some of the most commonly used forms in English grammar.
4
18131
3659
.
00:21
But even after years of study, many students still have trouble with how and when to use
5
21790
4600
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μˆ˜λ…„κ°„μ˜ 연ꡬ 후에도 λ§Žμ€ 학생듀은 μ—¬μ „νžˆ β€‹β€‹μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ–Έμ œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 어렀움을 κ²ͺκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:26
perfect tenses.
6
26390
3470
.
00:29
Examples of perfect tenses are sentences like, β€œHow have you been?” or β€œWe’ve lived
7
29860
4330
μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ˜ μ˜ˆλŠ” "How have you been?"κ³Ό 같은 λ¬Έμž₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ˜λŠ” "μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
00:34
here for years,” or β€œShe hadn’t heard that song before.”
8
34190
5480
μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ λͺ‡ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."λ˜λŠ” "κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 전에 κ·Έ λ…Έλž˜λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
00:39
You should watch through this lesson a couple of times to get a good idea of how perfect
9
39670
3750
μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ— 이미 μ΅μˆ™ν•˜λ”λΌλ„ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œκ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 쒋은 아이디어λ₯Ό μ–»μœΌλ €λ©΄ 이 κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό λͺ‡ 번 μ‹œμ²­ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:43
tenses work, even if you’re already familiar with them.
10
43420
3680
. κ·œμΉ™λ³΄λ‹€λŠ”
00:47
Pay particular attention to the examples, and the patterns of the sentences, rather
11
47100
4590
예문과 λ¬Έμž₯의 νŒ¨ν„΄μ— νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 주의λ₯Ό κΈ°μšΈμ΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€
00:51
than to the rules.
12
51690
3190
.
00:54
Have you got all that?
13
54880
1699
당신은 λͺ¨λ“  것을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:56
Great!
14
56579
1051
μ—„μ²­λ‚œ! 의
00:57
Let’s begin!
15
57630
2100
μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μž!
00:59
To start with, let’s clear up a potential source of confusion.
16
59730
4060
λ¨Όμ € 잠재적인 ν˜Όλ™μ˜ 원인을 ν•΄κ²°ν•΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
Why do we call these kinds of sentence a perfect tense?
17
63790
3920
μ™œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λ¬Έμž₯을 μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλΌκ³  λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆκΉŒ ?
01:07
What does it have to do with something being perfect, like in these situations?
18
67710
4600
μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μƒν™©μ—μ„œμ™€ 같이 μ™„λ²½ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것과 μ–΄λ–€ 관련이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:12
It’s perfect weather to go for a swim.
19
72310
4820
μˆ˜μ˜ν•˜κΈ° λ”± 쒋은 λ‚ μ”¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
Darling, tonight was the perfect night.
20
77130
4430
달링, 였늘 밀은 μ™„λ²½ν•œ λ°€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
In bowling, a perfect game means a score of 300.
21
81560
5000
λ³Όλ§μ—μ„œ νΌνŽ™νŠΈ κ²Œμž„μ€ 300점을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
In normal, everyday English, perfect means β€œthe best possible” or β€œreally, really
22
86560
4920
일상 μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ νΌνŽ™νŠΈλŠ” "κ°€μž₯ 쒋은" λ˜λŠ” "정말, 정말
01:31
good” or β€œvery suitable.”
23
91480
3620
쒋은" λ˜λŠ” "맀우 μ ν•©ν•œ"을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
When we’re talking about perfect tenses, though, such as a present perfect or future
24
95100
3830
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ λ˜λŠ” 미래
01:38
perfect, we mean something quite different.
25
98930
3280
μ™„λ£Œμ™€ 같은 μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•ŒλŠ” μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
You see, back in the old days, people studying the rules of grammar would use words from
26
102210
5670
μ˜ˆμ „μ—λŠ” 문법 κ·œμΉ™μ„ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 라틴어 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έλ²•μ˜
01:47
the Latin language to name different parts of grammar.
27
107880
3160
λ‹€λ₯Έ 뢀뢄을 λͺ…λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:51
So, the word perfect comes from the Latin word meaning completed.
28
111040
5619
λ”°λΌμ„œ μ™„μ „μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” 라틴어 λ‹¨μ–΄μ—μ„œ μœ λž˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
So, in a way, perfect tenses are for talking about things that we see as completed by a
29
116659
5611
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλŠ” νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ  κΉŒμ§€ μ™„λ£Œλœ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 일에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:02
certain point in time.
30
122270
2350
.
02:04
Okay,, so what do we mean by that?
31
124620
3319
μ’‹μ•„μš”, 그게 무슨 λœ»μΈκ°€μš”?
02:07
Here, Tom is doing some homework.
32
127939
4110
μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ Tom은 μˆ™μ œλ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
His mother could say: β€œTom, can you walk the dog when you’ve
33
132049
3520
그의 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 말할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "ν†°, μˆ™μ œλ₯Ό λ‹€ ν•˜κ³  개λ₯Ό μ‚°μ±…μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ‹ˆ
02:15
done your homework?”
34
135569
1931
?"
02:17
When he completes his homework, then he’ll take the dog out.
35
137500
4779
κ·Έκ°€ μˆ™μ œλ₯Ό 마치면 개λ₯Ό 데리고 λ‚˜κ°ˆ 것이닀.
02:22
We can see this chef has cooked a couple of nice meals.
36
142279
3630
이 μš”λ¦¬μ‚¬κ°€ λͺ‡ 가지 멋진 식사λ₯Ό μš”λ¦¬ν•œ 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
02:25
That is, the cooking is complete, so now the meals are ready to serve.
37
145909
5870
즉, μš”λ¦¬κ°€ μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ 이제 식사λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•  μ€€λΉ„κ°€ 된 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
And here, we see that this plane has just taken off.
38
151779
2990
μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ 이 λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°κ°€ 막 이λ₯™ν•œ 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
02:34
That is to say, its takeoff is complete, and now the plane is in the air.
39
154769
5690
즉, 이λ₯™μ΄ μ™„λ£Œλ˜κ³  이제 λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°κ°€ 곡쀑에 λ–  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
So, the action we describe with a perfect tense is an action that’s completed, and
40
160459
5451
λ”°λΌμ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ‘œ λ¬˜μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” λ™μž‘μ€ μ™„λ£Œλœ λ™μž‘μ΄λ©°
02:45
now we’re looking at the result of that action.
41
165910
4109
이제 ν•΄λ‹Ή λ™μž‘μ˜ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 보고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
02:50
We can also look at using perfect tenses another way.
42
170019
3640
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ˜ν•œ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
02:53
We can think of them as looking back at something.
43
173659
3340
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것듀이 무언가λ₯Ό λ˜λŒμ•„λ³΄λŠ” 것이라고 생각할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
Check out the following examples:
44
176999
3610
λ‹€μŒ 예λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
03:00
Hannah is hiking somewhere.
45
180609
2451
HannahλŠ” μ–΄λ”˜κ°€μ—μ„œ ν•˜μ΄ν‚Ήμ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
She stops to look back.
46
183060
2420
κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ’€λ₯Ό λŒμ•„λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ©ˆμΆ˜λ‹€.
03:05
She has walked several miles.
47
185480
2989
κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λͺ‡ λ§ˆμΌμ„ κ±Έμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
She has seen birds and wild animals
48
188469
4480
κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μƒˆμ™€ 야생 동물을 λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
She has crossed rivers and she has climbed up and down hills.
49
192949
4561
κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 강을 κ±΄λ„ˆκ³  언덕을 였λ₯΄λ‚΄λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
She has been on the trail for hours.
50
197510
4199
κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λͺ‡ μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ 흔적을 λ‚¨κ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
There are two things to think about here.
51
201709
4100
μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ 생각할 두 가지가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
One thing is that Hannah is looking back at what she has done, but the other important
52
205809
4561
ν•œ κ°€μ§€λŠ” ν•œλ‚˜κ°€ μžμ‹ μ΄ ν•œ 일을 λ˜λŒμ•„λ³΄κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ΄μ§€λ§Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ€‘μš”ν•œ
03:30
thing is that Hannah is still walking.
53
210370
4129
점은 ν•œλ‚˜κ°€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ κ±·κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
That is, Hannah’s still on the trail when we say she has walked so far or has climbed
54
214499
4341
즉, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ Hannahκ°€ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ κ±Έμ—ˆκ±°λ‚˜ 언덕을 μ˜¬λžλ‹€κ³  말할 λ•Œ HannahλŠ” 아직 νŠΈλ ˆμΌμ— μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:38
some hills.
55
218840
2860
.
03:41
So we use perfect tenses when we feel like there is a connection between two times, or
56
221700
4390
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 두 μ‹œκ°„ λ˜λŠ” 두 행동 사이에 연관성이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λŠλ‚„ λ•Œ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:46
two actions.
57
226090
2140
.
03:48
How this works will be clearer when we look at some different perfect tenses, so let’s
58
228230
5509
이것이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ‡ 가지 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό λ³Ό λ•Œ 더 λͺ…ν™•ν•  κ²ƒμ΄λ―€λ‘œ
03:53
first visit the present perfect.
59
233739
3601
λ¨Όμ € ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
03:57
It looks like this:
60
237340
1810
λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
Let’s go.
61
239150
2239
κ°€μž.
04:01
Our train has arrived.
62
241389
3320
우리 κΈ°μ°¨κ°€ λ„μ°©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이번 달에
04:04
This is the third gallery we’ve been to this month.
63
244709
3530
λ°©λ¬Έν•œ μ„Έ 번째 κ°€λŸ¬λ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
04:08
It’s already 11 a.m. and they haven’t finished breakfast yet.
64
248239
6631
벌써 μ˜€μ „ 11μ‹œμΈλ° 그듀은 아직 μ•„μΉ¨ 식사λ₯Ό λ§ˆμΉ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
How many countries has Holly been to?
65
254870
2260
HollyλŠ” λͺ‡ κ°œκ΅­μ— κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
04:17
Has she visited Egypt?
66
257130
3180
κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ΄μ§‘νŠΈλ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
04:20
We use have or has, often shortened to β€˜ve or β€˜s, and a past participle verb, like
67
260310
7030
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ’…μ’… 've' λ˜λŠ” 's'둜 μΆ•μ•½λ˜λŠ” have λ˜λŠ” hasλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³ 
04:27
eaten, drawn or done.
68
267340
3540
λ¨Ήλ‹€, 그리닀 λ˜λŠ” μ™„λ£Œμ™€ 같은 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사 동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이름
04:30
As you should probably be able to guess by the name, present perfect is a perfect tense,
69
270880
5110
μ—μ„œ μ§μž‘ν•  수 μžˆλ“―μ΄ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£ŒλŠ” μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ΄λ―€λ‘œ
04:35
so it talks about a connection between two times: a time in the past and now.
70
275990
4580
과거의 μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό ν˜„μž¬λΌλŠ” 두 μ‹œκ°„ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 연결에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
There are some different ways, however, to look at this connection.
71
280570
6600
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜μ΄ 연결을 λ³΄λŠ” λͺ‡ 가지 λ‹€λ₯Έ 방법이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
04:47
One way is to talk about how some action is completed, but the effect of that action is
72
287170
4410
ν•œ 가지 방법은 μ–΄λ–€ 행동이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€λ§Œ , κ·Έ ν–‰λ™μ˜ νš¨κ³ΌλŠ”
04:51
still important now:
73
291580
1990
μ§€κΈˆλ„ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:53
Ah, I’ve run out of food.
74
293570
3140
μ•„, μ‹λŸ‰μ΄ λ–¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
(I’ll need to go shopping now.)
75
296710
3410
(이제 μ‡Όν•‘ν•˜λŸ¬ κ°€μ•Όκ² μ–΄μš”.)
05:00
Henry’s injured his knee running.
76
300120
2780
헨리가 λ¬΄λ¦Žμ„ κΏ‡κ³  λ‹€μ³€μ–΄μš”.
05:02
(It still hurts a lot now.)
77
302900
2980
(μ§€κΈˆλ„ 많이 μ•„ν”„λ‹€.)
05:05
They’ve made it to the end of the course.
78
305880
2960
그듀은 과정을 λκΉŒμ§€ ν•΄λƒˆλ‹€.
05:08
(They can take a rest now.)
79
308840
4390
(그듀은 이제 νœ΄μ‹μ„ μ·¨ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)
05:13
Because we’re actually describing an effect in the present, if we wanted, we could use
80
313230
4300
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 효과λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ›ν•˜λŠ” 경우
05:17
a present simple sentence to talk about the same situation.
81
317530
5040
ν˜„μž¬ κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ™μΌν•œ 상황에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
This means that how we talk about a situation depends on what we think is more important:
82
322570
6310
이것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 상황에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 방식이 더 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것에 달렀 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
Ben has opened the roller gate.
83
328880
2120
Ben은 둀러 게이트λ₯Ό μ—΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
(Focusing on the action) The roller gate is open now.
84
331000
5290
(μ•‘μ…˜μ— μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜λ©°) 이제 둀러 κ²Œμ΄νŠΈκ°€ μ—΄λ € μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
(Focusing on the result)
85
336290
2090
(κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ)
05:38
Barcelona’s famous Sagrada Familia church hasn’t been completely built yet.
86
338380
5960
λ°”λ₯΄μ…€λ‘œλ‚˜μ˜ 유λͺ…ν•œ 사그라닀 νŒŒλ°€λ¦¬μ•„ 성당은 아직 μ™„κ³΅λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€.
05:44
(Focusing on the action) The church is still unfinished now.
87
344340
4910
(μ•‘μ…˜ μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ) κ΅νšŒλŠ” 아직 λ―Έμ™„μ„±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:49
(Focusing on the result)
88
349250
3700
(결과에 μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜λ©°)
05:52
Have you washed the clothes?
89
352950
1580
μ„Ένƒν•˜μ…¨λ‚˜μš”?
05:54
(Focusing on the action) Are the clothes clean now?
90
354530
4400
(μ•‘μ…˜ 집쀑) μ˜·μ€ 이제 κΉ¨λ—ν•΄μ‘Œλ‚˜μš”?
05:58
(Focusing on the result)
91
358930
3780
(κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ)
06:02
When we talk about news of recent events, whether it’s public news or personal news,
92
362710
4520
κ³΅μ†Œμ‹μ΄λ“  κ°œμΈμ†Œμ‹μ΄λ“  근황을 이야기할 λ•Œ
06:07
we feel that it’s important to us now.
93
367230
2790
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λŠλ‚€λ‹€.
06:10
So this connection between a past event and the present means we like to use present perfect
94
370020
4900
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ³Όκ±° 사건과 ν˜„μž¬ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 연결은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‰΄μŠ€μ— μ™„λ²½ν•œ ν˜„μž¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ’‹μ•„ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
for news, too:
95
374920
2210
06:17
A concert stage has collapsed in the center of the city today.
96
377130
5880
였늘 λ„μ‹œ μ€‘μ‹¬μ—μ„œ μ½˜μ„œνŠΈ λ¬΄λŒ€κ°€ λ¬΄λ„ˆμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
There has been a major accident on the corner of Rochester Street and May Avenue.
97
383010
6130
Rochester Street와 May Avenue λͺ¨ν‰μ΄μ—μ„œ 큰 사고가 λ°œμƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
Stock prices haven’t recovered yet.
98
389140
4010
μ£Όκ°€λŠ” 아직 νšŒλ³΅λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:33
Did you hear the news?
99
393150
1500
μ†Œμ‹ λ“€μ—ˆμ–΄?
06:34
Betty and John have just got married!
100
394650
2090
베티와 쑴이 막 κ²°ν˜Όν–ˆμ–΄μš”!
06:36
(β€œGot” is used here, rather than β€œgotten,” because it sounds more conversational.)
101
396740
6280
(μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” "gotten"이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ "Got"κ°€ μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’€ 더 λŒ€ν™”μ μœΌλ‘œ 듀리기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.)
06:43
When we do something a few times, but there’s a chance we could still do it again, then
102
403020
4030
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ 일을 λͺ‡ 번 ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹€μ‹œ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μžˆμ„ λ•Œ,
06:47
we also talk about those repeated actions by using the present perfect:
103
407050
5870
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ˜ν•œ λ‹€μŒμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ°˜λ³΅λ˜λŠ” 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œν˜•:
06:52
Leah brought some books to read on her trip, and now she’s finished three of them already.
104
412920
4900
LeahλŠ” μ—¬ν–‰ 쀑에 읽을 책을 λͺ‡ ꢌ κ°€μ Έμ™”κ³ , 이제 κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 이미 μ„Έ κΆŒμ„ λλƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 였늘 아침에 받은
06:57
I’ve managed to answer 12 of the emails I received this morning.
105
417820
6410
이메일 쀑 12κ°œμ— λ‹΅μž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
07:04
How often have you eaten at this cafΓ©?
106
424230
4110
이 μΉ΄νŽ˜μ—μ„œ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 자주 식사λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
07:08
In this case, we’ll often use words like sometimes, occasionally or often as well:
107
428340
5270
이 경우 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 가끔, 가끔 λ˜λŠ” μžμ£Όμ™€ 같은 단어λ₯Ό 자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:13
Cameron’s hiked in rough conditions pretty often, so he’s used to it.
108
433610
5690
Cameron은 거친 ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ κ½€ 자주 ν•˜μ΄ν‚Ήμ„ ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ΅μˆ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
I’ve sometimes thought it’d be nice to live in Greece.
109
439300
4270
가끔 κ·Έλ¦¬μŠ€μ— μ‚¬λŠ” 것이 쒋을 것이라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
Everyone’s occasionally had trouble with their computer, but hopefully not this bad!
110
443570
6770
λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ 컴퓨터에 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ‚˜μ˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€!
07:30
Similarly, thinking about things that you’ve done in your life but you could possibly do
111
450340
4530
λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ, 당신이 μΈμƒμ—μ„œ ν•œ 일에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
07:34
again – that is, because you’re still alive! – we’ll use present perfect because
112
454870
4750
λ‹€μ‹œ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 일, 즉 당신이 아직 μ‚΄μ•„ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ ! – 과거의 κ²½ν—˜μ„ ν˜„μž¬μ˜ λ‹Ήμ‹ κ³Ό μ—°κ²°ν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
we can connect those experiences in the past with you being here in the present:
113
459620
5390
07:45
I’ve tried sushi, but I didn’t really like it.
114
465010
4300
초λ°₯을 λ¨Ήμ–΄λ΄€λŠ”λ° λ³„λ‘œ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
07:49
I haven’t actually met the Pope, but I’ve been to one of his speeches.
115
469310
6960
λ‚˜λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ ꡐ황을 λ§Œλ‚œ 적은 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ 그의 μ—°μ„€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ— μ°Έμ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:56
How many countries has Grace been to, do you think?
116
476270
2840
GraceλŠ” λͺ‡ κ°œκ΅­μ— κ°€λ΄€ μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
07:59
Actually, she’s travelled to more than 30!
117
479110
3010
사싀, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 30 이상을 μ—¬ν–‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!
08:02
And for experience, it’s common to use words like ever, never or before:
118
482120
7340
그리고 κ²½ν—˜μ„ μœ„ν•΄ ever, never λ˜λŠ” before와 같은 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μΌλ°˜μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:09
Jayden’s never flown in a plane before, so he’s quite excited.
119
489460
5220
Jayden은 이전에 λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λ₯Ό 타본 적이 μ—†μ–΄μ„œ μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ ν₯λΆ„λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:14
They’ve seen this kind of problem before, so they know how to operate on it.
120
494680
7050
그듀은 이전에 이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 문제λ₯Ό λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:21
Have you ever been riding up here?
121
501730
1630
μ—¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 타본 적 μžˆμ–΄?
08:23
It’s beautiful– you should go.
122
503360
2730
μ•„λ¦„λ‹΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ – 당신은 κ°€μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:26
Also, we talk about experiences by saying things like the first, the best, the longest
123
506090
6179
λ˜ν•œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 졜초, 졜고, 졜μž₯
08:32
or the worst:
124
512269
2931
λ˜λŠ” μ΅œμ•…κ³Ό 같은 것을 λ§ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:35
Have you ever been there?
125
515200
1209
κ±°κΈ° κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
08:36
They’ve got the best ribs I’ve ever had.
126
516409
5760
그듀은 λ‚΄κ°€ 가진 졜고의 κ°ˆλΉ„λΌˆλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:42
This was one of the worst storms the city’s had in years.
127
522169
5600
이것은 κ·Έ λ„μ‹œκ°€ λͺ‡ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ κ²ͺμ—ˆλ˜ μ΅œμ•…μ˜ 폭풍 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
08:47
Is this the first time Jessica’s gone skiing?
128
527769
3661
μ œμ‹œμΉ΄κ°€ μŠ€ν‚€λ₯Ό 탄 건 이번이 μ²˜μŒμΈκ°€μš”?
08:51
Additionally, we use present perfect if we want to say how long a situation has gone
129
531430
5560
λ˜ν•œ κ³Όκ±° μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ λΆ€ν„° ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ 상황이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λ§ν•˜κ³  싢을 λ•Œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:56
on for, from some time in the past up to now:
130
536990
5490
09:02
Nobody has used this building for years, so now they want to knock it down.
131
542480
6149
아무도 이 건물을 λͺ‡ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 이제 그듀은 그것을 λ¬΄λ„ˆλœ¨λ¦¬κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:08
The Parthenon has stood on this hill near Athens for centuries.
132
548629
5580
파λ₯΄ν…Œλ…Ό 신전은 μˆ˜μ„ΈκΈ° λ™μ•ˆ μ•„ν…Œλ„€ 근처의 이 언덕에 μ„œ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
09:14
How long have you lived here for, Granddad?
133
554209
3461
μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ‚¬μ…¨μ–΄μš”, 할아버지?
09:17
Now, because we use present perfect for the news, for something just finished that has
134
557670
4640
이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‰΄μŠ€,
09:22
some visible effect or for a situation still going now, one thing that you might be asking
135
562310
5240
λˆˆμ— λ³΄μ΄λŠ” νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆλŠ” 방금 μ™„λ£Œλœ 것 λ˜λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ 진행 쀑인 상황에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ§€κΈˆ μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œμ—κ²Œ λ¬Όμ–΄λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” ν•œ κ°€μ§€λŠ”
09:27
yourself now is, β€œCan we only use present perfect when something is recently finished?
136
567550
5279
"μ–΄λ–€ 것이 μ΅œκ·Όμ— μžˆμ„ λ•Œλ§Œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? μ™„μ„±λœ?
09:32
Or for something still happening now?”
137
572829
2820
μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μ§€κΈˆλ„ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 일 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—?”
09:35
Actually, even if the event happened a long time ago, we use present perfect if we think
138
575649
6120
사싀 κ·Έ 사건이 였래 전에 일어났더라도 μ§€κΈˆκ³Ό μ–΄λ–€ κ΄€λ ¨μ„±μ΄λ‚˜ 연관성이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°λ˜λ©΄ ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:41
there’s some relevance or connection to now.
139
581769
2380
.
09:44
Again, a connection between two times is important:
140
584149
4151
λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 두 μ‹œκΈ° μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 연결이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:48
Millions of years of erosion have shaped the Grand Canyon into its present form.
141
588300
7409
수백만 λ…„μ˜ 침식이 κ·Έλžœλ“œ 캐년을 ν˜„μž¬μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:55
In cities around the world, Chinatowns have appeared where 19th century Chinese workers
142
595709
4291
μ „ 세계 λ„μ‹œμ—λŠ” 19μ„ΈκΈ° 쀑ꡭ λ…Έλ™μžλ“€μ΄ μ΄μ£Όν•œ μ°¨μ΄λ‚˜νƒ€μš΄μ΄ λ“±μž₯ν–ˆλ‹€
10:00
migrated to.
143
600000
3240
.
10:03
Man landing on the Moon in 1969 has changed our view of our place in the universe.
144
603240
7149
1969λ…„ 인간이 달에 μ°©λ₯™ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ 우리의 μœ„μΉ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 우리의 μ‹œκ°μ΄ λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:10
Now that you have a solid understanding of the present perfect, let’s transfer these
145
610389
3820
이제 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ ν™•μ‹€νžˆ μ΄ν•΄ν–ˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ
10:14
same ideas to the past perfect and future perfect tenses.
146
614209
3721
λ™μΌν•œ 아이디어λ₯Ό κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ 및 미래 μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ‘œ μ „ν™˜ν•΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:17
They all basically work the same, but just with different points in time.
147
617930
6560
그듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ 기본적으둜 λ™μΌν•˜κ²Œ μž‘λ™ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œμ μ—μ„œλ§Œ μž‘λ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:24
So, where we saw that present perfect is for looking at something connecting the past with
148
624490
4880
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œκ°€ 과거와 ν˜„μž¬λ₯Ό μ—°κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ³΄λŠ” 것이라고 λ³Έ κ³³μ—μ„œ κ³Όκ±°
10:29
the present, we’ll use past perfect to talk about two points of time in the past:
149
629370
6350
μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 과거의 두 μ‹œμ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:35
The others had already started dinner by the time we got to the party.
150
635720
5179
νŒŒν‹°.
10:40
The robbers had escaped long before the police arrived.
151
640899
5170
강도듀은 경찰이 λ„μ°©ν•˜κΈ° 훨씬 전에 νƒˆμΆœν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
10:46
Before her cafΓ© latte arrived, she hadn’t waited long.
152
646069
4931
κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 카페 라떼가 λ„μ°©ν•˜κΈ° 전에 κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 였래 기닀리지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:51
Did you see how we connected the past simple with the past perfect?
153
651000
5620
λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±° 와 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ—°κ²°ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ…¨λ‚˜μš”?
10:56
And the great thing, is that the order in which you describe the two events doesn’t
154
656620
3980
그리고 κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 점은 두 이벀트λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” μˆœμ„œλŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:00
matter.
155
660600
1000
. λ¬Έμž₯ λΆ€λΆ„μ˜
11:01
The order of the events doesn’t change even though the orders of the parts of the sentence
156
661600
4060
μˆœμ„œκ°€ λ°”λ€Œμ–΄λ„ μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ μˆœμ„œλŠ” λ°”λ€Œμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:05
do.
157
665660
1000
.
11:06
These different orders are used to control the way you reveal the information:
158
666660
5409
μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λͺ…령은 정보λ₯Ό κ³΅κ°œν•˜λŠ” 방식을 μ œμ–΄ν•˜λŠ” ​​데 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:12
By the time we got to the party, the others had already started dinner.
159
672069
4361
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νŒŒν‹°μ— λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 이미 저녁 식사λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:16
The others started dinner first… …then we got to the party after that.
160
676430
6509
λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ¨Όμ € 저녁 식사λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³ β€¦
11:22
Long before the police arrived, the robbers had escaped.
161
682939
3801
경찰이 λ„μ°©ν•˜κΈ° 훨씬 전에 강도듀은 λ„λ§μ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:26
The robbers escaped first… …then the police arrived later.
162
686740
5700
강도듀이 λ¨Όμ € 도망쳀고… 경찰은 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— λ„μ°©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:32
Jasmine hadn’t waited long before her cafΓ© latte arrived.
163
692440
3910
Jasmine은 카페 라떼가 λ„μ°©ν•˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 였래 기닀리지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
11:36
Jasmine waited first, but not for long… …then her coffee came out next.
164
696350
5419
Jasmine이 λ¨Όμ € κΈ°λ‹€λ Έμ§€λ§Œ μ–Όλ§ˆ 가지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€β€¦ β€¦λ‹€μŒμ— κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 컀피가 λ‚˜μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:41
So, just like with the present perfect, we can use the past perfect to talk about things
165
701769
5391
λ”°λΌμ„œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œμ™€ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
11:47
like the effects of things, something that had repeated a number of times, experiences
166
707160
4779
μ‚¬λ¬Όμ˜ 영ν–₯, μ—¬λŸ¬ 번 반볡된 것, κ²½ν—˜
11:51
or ongoing situations.
167
711939
2411
λ˜λŠ” 진행 쀑인 상황에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 의미λ₯Ό 보기 μœ„ν•΄
11:54
Let’s look at a few more quick examples to see these different meanings:
168
714350
6519
λͺ‡ 가지 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 예λ₯Ό 더 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
12:00
Candice was really hungry at lunch because she hadn’t had time to eat breakfast.
169
720869
4640
CandiceλŠ” 아침을 먹을 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ—†μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 점심에 정말 λ°°κ°€ κ³ νŒ μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:05
Cause: She had no time for breakfast earlier.
170
725509
4060
원인: 아침을 먹을 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:09
Effect: She was hungry at lunch later.
171
729569
5180
효과: κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 점심에 λ°°κ°€ κ³ νŒ λ‹€.
12:14
Before he started working here, William had applied to four other companies.
172
734749
4870
μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μΌν•˜κΈ° 전에 William은 λ‹€λ₯Έ 4개의 νšŒμ‚¬μ— μ§€μ›ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:19
Repeated action: William applied to a number of companies.
173
739619
4010
반볡 μž‘μ—…: William은 μ—¬λŸ¬ νšŒμ‚¬μ— μ§€μ›ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
12:23
Later event: He started work at this one.
174
743629
3301
이후 사건: κ·ΈλŠ” 이 κ³³μ—μ„œ 일을 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 남아프리카에
12:26
I’d only seen giraffes on TV until I came to South Africa.
175
746930
4830
였기 μ „κΉŒμ§€λŠ” TVμ—μ„œλ§Œ 기린을 λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
12:31
Earlier experience: I saw giraffes on TV.
176
751760
5350
이전 κ²½ν—˜: λ‚˜λŠ” TVμ—μ„œ 기린을 λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€.
12:37
Later event: I came to South Africa, and saw real giraffes.
177
757110
6099
이후 사건: λ‚˜λŠ” 남아프리카에 μ™€μ„œ μ§„μ§œ 기린을 λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€.
12:43
Olivia finally saw the doctor, but she’d been a bit unwell for weeks beforehand.
178
763209
4721
OliviaλŠ” λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ μ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚¬μ§€λ§Œ λͺ‡ μ£Ό μ „λΆ€ν„° λͺΈμ΄ 쒋지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:47
Earlier ongoing situation: Olivia was a bit sick.
179
767930
5469
이전 진행 상황: OliviaλŠ” μ•½κ°„ μ•„νŒ μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:53
Later event: She saw the doctor.
180
773399
3951
이후 사건: κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚¬λ‹€.
12:57
However, there are a couple of things we can do that are special for the past perfect.
181
777350
6780
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 일을 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ‡ 가지가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:04
One special thing is to imagine things about the past that actually didn’t happen, by
182
784130
4829
ν•œ 가지 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 점은
13:08
using words like if, wish or suppose:
183
788959
4741
if, wish λ˜λŠ” κ°€μ •κ³Ό 같은 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 과거에 λŒ€ν•œ 일을 μƒμƒν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:13
Jan might’ve been a professional artist if she’d gone to art school.
184
793700
4079
Jan은 미술 학ꡐ에 λ‹€λ…”λ‹€λ©΄ μ „λ¬Έ μ˜ˆμˆ κ°€μ˜€μ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
13:17
Ben wishes he hadn’t put all his savings in a bad investment.
185
797779
5391
Ben은 μžμ‹ μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  저좕을 λ‚˜μœ νˆ¬μžμ— 넣지 μ•Šμ•˜μœΌλ©΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:23
Suppose you had gone to university like you planned.
186
803170
3979
당신이 κ³„νšν•œ λŒ€λ‘œ λŒ€ν•™μ— κ°”λ‹€κ³  κ°€μ •ν•΄ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€ .
13:27
Where would you be now?
187
807149
2050
당신은 μ§€κΈˆ 어디에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
13:29
Or, maybe we want to say that we were hoping something would happen, but it didn’t.
188
809199
6310
λ˜λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžμ§€λ§Œ 그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜κ³  싢을 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:35
And listen to how we put some extra stress on the word had when we do this:
189
815509
5591
그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이것을 ν•  λ•Œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 단어에 μΆ”κ°€ κ°•μ‘°λ₯Ό λ‘λŠ”μ§€ λ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€ .
13:41
We had wanted to see the Renoir exhibit on our trip, but we ran out of time.
190
821100
4000
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬ν–‰ 쀑에 Renoir μ „μ‹œνšŒλ₯Ό 보고 μ‹Άμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:45
(We didn’t see it.)
191
825100
2330
(μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것을 보지 λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)
13:47
Ethan had meant to save his work earlier, but he lost everything when his laptop crashed.
192
827430
5559
Ethan은 이전에 μž‘μ—…μ„ μ €μž₯ν•˜λ €κ³  ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ λ…ΈνŠΈλΆμ΄ μΆ©λŒν•˜λ©΄μ„œ λͺ¨λ“  것을 μžƒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:52
(He didn’t save it.)
193
832989
3630
(κ·ΈλŠ” 그것을 μ €μž₯ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)
13:56
We had hoped to say goodbye to Phil before he left.
194
836619
2460
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” Phil이 λ– λ‚˜κΈ° 전에 μž‘λ³„ 인사λ₯Ό ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
13:59
(We didn’t say goodbye.)
195
839079
2170
(μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μž‘λ³„ 인사λ₯Ό ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)
14:01
Finally, let’s move on to describing the future.
196
841249
6430
λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ„€λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°‘μ‹œλ‹€ .
14:07
How do you think we make sentences in future perfect?
197
847679
4521
미래 μ™„λ£Œν˜• λ¬Έμž₯을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ„Έμš” ?
14:12
The transportation department says they’ll have built the overpass by next year.
198
852200
4710
κ΅ν†΅λΆ€λŠ” λ‚΄λ…„κΉŒμ§€ κ³ κ°€λ„λ‘œλ₯Ό 건섀할 것이라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:16
We’d better hurry!
199
856910
1929
μ„œλ‘˜λŸ¬μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€!
14:18
We won’t have finished by the time the guests arrive.
200
858839
4881
μ†λ‹˜μ΄ 도착할 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ . μ‹œν—˜
14:23
Will anyone have read the whole textbook before the test?
201
863720
3710
전에 κ΅κ³Όμ„œ 전체λ₯Ό 읽어본 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ ?
14:27
That’s right– future perfect uses words like will have finished or won’t have seen.
202
867430
8719
λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ – 미래 μ™„λ£ŒλŠ” will have done λ˜λŠ” won't have seenκ³Ό 같은 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이전에 λ³Έ
14:36
You can probably try to think of ways to change the different present perfect examples we
203
876149
3841
λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ 예λ₯Ό
14:39
saw before into future situations.
204
879990
2079
미래 μƒν™©μœΌλ‘œ λ³€κ²½ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 생각해 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:42
But generally, we just use the future perfect for one kind of situation.
205
882069
6810
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 일반적으둜 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 상황에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ§Œ 미래 μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:48
Watch two more examples, and see if you can guess when we usually use it:
206
888879
5890
두 가지 예λ₯Ό 더 보고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 보톡 μ–Έμ œ 그것을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μΆ”μΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
14:54
The team is working late, so they will have finished the project by Wednesday’s deadline.
207
894769
5810
νŒ€μ΄ λŠ¦κ²ŒκΉŒμ§€ μΌν•˜λ―€λ‘œ μˆ˜μš”μΌ λ§ˆκ°μΌκΉŒμ§€ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό μ™„λ£Œν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:00
At this rate, we will have completely destroyed all of the world’s rainforests by the end
208
900579
4031
μ΄λŒ€λ‘œλΌλ©΄ κΈˆμ„ΈκΈ° λ§κΉŒμ§€ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μ—΄λŒ€μš°λ¦Όμ΄ μ™„μ „νžˆ 파괴될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:04
of the century.
209
904610
1500
.
15:06
Here again, we go back to the basic meaning of a perfect situation, where we mean something
210
906110
6120
μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ‹€μ‹œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ™„λ²½ν•œ μƒν™©μ˜ κΈ°λ³Έ 의미둜 λŒμ•„κ°€μ„œ 무언가가
15:12
is finished or completed.
211
912230
3690
μ™„λ£Œλ˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:15
That means we’ll mainly use future perfect to talk about when we want something finished
212
915920
4409
즉, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 주둜 미래 μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ―Έλž˜μ— μ–΄λ–€ 일이 μ™„λ£Œλ˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ›ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
15:20
in the future, or when we think something might be completed:
213
920329
5320
μ–΄λ–€ 일이 μ™„λ£Œλ  것이라고 생각할 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:25
By the end of their anatomy course, these students will have learned all about the human
214
925649
3571
ν•΄λΆ€ν•™ 과정이 끝날 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ 이 학생듀은 인간 골격에 λŒ€ν•΄ λͺ¨λ‘ 배웠을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:29
skeleton.
215
929220
2849
.
15:32
We need to wait until two hours before checking in.
216
932069
3300
μ²΄ν¬μΈν•˜λ €λ©΄ 2μ‹œκ°„μ„ κΈ°λ‹€λ €μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ . κ·Έλ•Œ
15:35
The staff won’t have cleaned the room until then.
217
935369
2231
κΉŒμ§€ 직원이 방을 μ²­μ†Œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
15:37
When will they have received more stocks of the new iPhone, do you know?
218
937600
7130
그듀이 μ–Έμ œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ iPhone의 더 λ§Žμ€ 주식을 λ°›κ²Œ 될지 μ•„μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
15:44
You might want to use future perfect sentences to tell your boss or your teacher when you’ll
219
944730
3729
미래 μ™„λ£Œ λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μƒμ‚¬λ‚˜ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ—κ²Œ 일을 마치게 될 λ•Œ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:48
have some work finished:
220
948459
1290
15:49
Sure thing boss, I’ll have written the report before you go on your trip.
221
949749
6150
μ•Œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 사μž₯λ‹˜, 여행을 λ– λ‚˜κΈ° 전에 λ³΄κ³ μ„œλ₯Ό μž‘μ„±ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:55
Don’t worry mom, I’ll have tidied up my room before Aunt Joan gets here.
222
955899
6810
μ—„λ§ˆ κ±±μ •ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”. Joan 이λͺ¨κ°€ 였기 전에 제 방을 정리할 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
16:02
Excuse me, miss?
223
962709
1201
μ‹€λ‘€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€?
16:03
Can I get an extension?
224
963910
1200
μ—°μž₯을 받을 수 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
16:05
I won’t have finished by tomorrow.
225
965110
2779
λ‚˜λŠ” λ‚΄μΌκΉŒμ§€ 끝내지 μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:07
And, there you have it.
226
967889
2490
그리고 거기에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:10
In a nutshell, that’s how perfect tenses work.
227
970379
3450
κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ λ§ν•΄μ„œ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œκ°€ μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
16:13
We’ve looked at present perfect, past perfect and future perfect.
228
973829
5100
ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ, κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ, λ―Έλž˜μ™„λ£Œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œμ•„λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 아직 이해
16:18
If there’s anything you think you haven’t picked up on, you can play this video through
229
978929
5140
ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°λ˜λŠ” 것이 있으면 이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό
16:24
again and recheck it.
230
984069
1380
λ‹€μ‹œ μž¬μƒν•˜κ³  λ‹€μ‹œ 확인할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:25
When you’ve done that, you will have taken another step towards complete English grammar
231
985449
5010
κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ μ™„μ „ν•œ μ˜μ–΄ 문법 μˆ™λ‹¬μ„ ν–₯ν•œ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 단계λ₯Ό 밟게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
16:30
mastery!
232
990459
2550
!
16:33
To end, let’s listen to this retiree talk about his life and home.
233
993009
4630
끝으둜 이 ν‡΄μ§μžμ˜ μ‚Άκ³Ό 가정에 λŒ€ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:37
Pay attention to which perfect tenses he uses and think about what they’re connecting
234
997639
4100
κ·Έκ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ— 주의λ₯Ό 기울이고 맀번 그것듀이 무엇을 μ—°κ²°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ 생각해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€
16:41
each time:
235
1001739
2921
:
16:44
This is Ed.
236
1004660
1419
μ €λŠ” Edμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:46
He quit his job and he’s been retired for exactly one year.
237
1006079
5200
κ·ΈλŠ” 직μž₯을 κ·Έλ§Œλ‘κ³  μ •ν™•νžˆ 1λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ€ν‡΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:51
We asked him what life’s been like in the past year.
238
1011279
3040
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έμ—κ²Œ μ§€λ‚œ 1λ…„ λ™μ•ˆμ˜ 삢이 μ–΄λ• λŠ”μ§€ λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
16:54
Has he felt happy or bored?
239
1014319
2411
κ·ΈλŠ” ν–‰λ³΅ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 지루함을 λŠκΌˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
16:56
Ed told us, β€œNo, I haven’t been bored at all.
240
1016730
3229
EdλŠ” β€œμ•„λ‹ˆμš”, μ „ν˜€ μ§€λ£¨ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš” .
16:59
In fact, I’ve hardly had any time to be bored!”
241
1019959
3611
사싀 지루할 ν‹ˆμ΄ 거의 μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš” !”
17:03
That’s interesting.
242
1023570
2580
κ·Έ ν₯λ―Έ λ‘­κ΅°μš”.
17:06
What has Ed done to keep busy then?
243
1026150
1640
EdλŠ” λ°”μ˜κ²Œ 지내기 μœ„ν•΄ 무엇을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
17:07
He said, β€œWell, first off, I’ve read at least two books a month, and I’ve watched
244
1027790
4549
κ·ΈλŠ” "음, μš°μ„  ν•œ 달에 적어도 두 ꢌ의 책을 μ½μ—ˆκ³ , 보고
17:12
all the films I’d wanted to see but never had the time.”
245
1032339
3621
μ‹Άμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ—†μ–΄μ„œ λ³Έ μ˜ν™”λŠ” λ‹€ λ΄€λ‹€ "κ³  λ§ν–ˆλ‹€.
17:15
β€œMy grandson has visited occasionally.
246
1035960
3070
β€œμ†μžκ°€ 가끔 μ°Ύμ•„μ™”μ–΄μš”.
17:19
That’s Jason, and he’s just started high school.
247
1039030
3120
μ œμ΄μŠ¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŠ” 이제 막 고등학ꡐ에 μž…ν•™ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . μ œκ°€ 미처 λͺ°λžλ˜
17:22
He’s shown me how to use a smartphone and a tablet, which I hadn’t figured out before.”
248
1042150
5270
슀마트폰과 νƒœλΈ”λ¦Ώ μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ„ μ•Œλ €μ£Όμ…¨μ–΄μš” .”
17:27
β€œI’ve also started rebuilding the porch.
249
1047420
3320
β€œλ² λž€λ‹€ μž¬κ±΄λ„ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:30
I had planned to finish it by last month, but we’ve had some heavy storms recently,
250
1050740
4500
μ§€λ‚œλ‹¬κΉŒμ§€ 끝내렀고 ν–ˆλŠ”λ° μ΅œκ·Όμ— ν­ν’μš°κ°€ 많이 μ³μ„œ
17:35
so I haven’t been able to get it painted.”
251
1055240
3710
도색을 λͺ» ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.”
17:38
Ed continued, β€œAnd I’ve just taken up a new hobby– pottery!
252
1058950
3750
EdλŠ” 계속 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€œμ €λŠ” 방금 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 취미인 λ„μ˜ˆλ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!
17:42
I’ve made over a dozen pieces so far.”
253
1062700
5000
μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 12κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” μž‘ν’ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.”
17:47
It seems Ed is keeping busy!
254
1067700
1970
μ—λ“œκ°€ λ°”μ˜κ²Œ μ§€λ‚΄λŠ” 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!
17:49
What else does he want to do?
255
1069670
1530
κ·ΈλŠ” 또 λ¬΄μ—‡μ„ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
17:51
He replied, β€œWell, apart from reading, I love travel.
256
1071200
5040
κ·ΈλŠ” β€œκΈ€μŽ„μš”, μ €λŠ” λ…μ„œ 외에 여행을 μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:56
Before I retired, I’d been to over 20 countries in Asia, Europe, Africa and the Americas.”
257
1076240
5300
μ€ν‡΄ν•˜κΈ° 전에 μ•„μ‹œμ•„, 유럽, 아프리카, μ•„λ©”λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 20개ꡭ 이상을 μ—¬ν–‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.”
18:01
β€œSo, I’ve often thought about visiting Australia.
258
1081540
4690
β€œκ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν˜Έμ£Όμ— 가보고 μ‹Άλ‹€λŠ” 생각을 자주 ν–ˆμ–΄μš” .
18:06
I’ve never been there.”
259
1086230
3720
λ‚˜λŠ” 거기에 κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.”
18:09
Ed said, β€œI’ve also bought a ticket for an Antarctic cruise.
260
1089950
3380
μ—λ“œλŠ” β€œ 남극 크루즈 ν‘œλ„ μƒ€μ–΄μš”.
18:13
I’ve heard that it’s very exciting!”
261
1093330
3620
맀우 μ‹ λ‚œλ‹€κ³  λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!”
18:16
β€œSo, by the time I get back, I’ll have walked on all seven continents.
262
1096950
4870
β€œκ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‚΄κ°€ λŒμ•„μ˜¬ λ•Œμ―€μ΄λ©΄ λ‚˜λŠ” 7λŒ€λ₯™μ„ λͺ¨λ‘ κ±Έμ—ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:21
Not too many people can say they’ve done that!”
263
1101820
2850
λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œν–ˆλ‹€κ³  말할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ !”
18:24
Does Ed have any regrets then?
264
1104670
3080
EdλŠ” κ·Έλ•Œ ν›„νšŒκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
18:27
He answered, β€œYes, maybe just one.
265
1107750
3250
κ·ΈλŠ” β€œλ„€, μ•„λ§ˆ ν•œ 개일 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:31
I wish I’d retired earlier!
266
1111000
1880
빨리 μ€ν‡΄ν–ˆμœΌλ©΄ μ’‹κ² λ‹€! μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 즐거운 일인 쀄
18:32
I probably would have if I’d known it was this enjoyable.”
267
1112880
5100
μ•Œμ•˜λ‹€λ©΄ κ·Έλž¬μ„ 것 κ°™μ•„μš” .”
18:37
Interesting idea, Ed.
268
1117980
1310
ν₯미둜운 생각이야, μ—λ“œ.
18:39
We hadn’t thought about that before.
269
1119290
1680
μ „μ—λŠ” 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해 λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:40
Thanks for your time!
270
1120970
3360
μ‹œκ°„ λ‚΄ μ€˜μ„œ κ³ λ§ˆμ›Œ!
18:44
How did you do?
271
1124330
1130
μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ§€λ‚΄μ…¨μ–΄μš”? 맀번
18:45
Could you guess why a perfect tense was used each time?
272
1125460
3610
μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œκ°€ μ‚¬μš©λœ 이유λ₯Ό μΆ”μΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ ?
18:49
We’ll watch the interview again, and this time we’ve added a few extra words to explain
273
1129070
5080
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 인터뷰λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ λ³Ό 것이고, μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” 각 μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ„œλ‘œ
18:54
what kind of connection there is between different times or events for each perfect tense.
274
1134150
6260
λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œκ°„μ΄λ‚˜ 사건 사이에 μ–΄λ–€ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 연결이 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λͺ‡ 가지 μΆ”κ°€ 단어λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
19:00
This is Ed.
275
1140410
1130
μ—λ“œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:01
He quit his job and he’s been in an ongoing state of retirement for exactly one year.
276
1141540
6390
κ·ΈλŠ” 직μž₯을 κ·Έλ§Œλ‘κ³  μ •ν™•νžˆ 1λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ” 은퇴 μƒνƒœμ— μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:07
We asked him what the state of his life’s been like in the past year.
277
1147930
3700
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έμ—κ²Œ μ§€λ‚œ 1λ…„ λ™μ•ˆμ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό λ¬Όμ—ˆλ‹€.
19:11
Has he felt happy or bored?
278
1151630
2320
κ·ΈλŠ” ν–‰λ³΅ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 지루함을 λŠκΌˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
19:13
Ed told us, β€œNo, I haven’t been bored at all.
279
1153950
2970
EdλŠ” β€œμ•„λ‹ˆμš”, μ „ν˜€ μ§€λ£¨ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš” .
19:16
In fact, I’ve hardly had any time to be bored!”
280
1156920
3440
사싀 지루할 ν‹ˆμ΄ 거의 μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš” !”
19:20
That’s interesting.
281
1160360
2660
κ·Έ ν₯λ―Έ λ‘­κ΅°μš”. κ·Έλ•Œ
19:23
What repeated action has Ed done to keep busy then?
282
1163020
2810
EdλŠ” λ°”μ˜κ²Œ 지내기 μœ„ν•΄ μ–΄λ–€ 반볡적인 행동을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ ?
19:25
He said, β€œWell, first off, I’ve repeatedly read at least two books a month, and I’ve
283
1165830
5480
κ·ΈλŠ” β€œμš°μ„  ν•œ 달에 두 ꢌ 이상 λ°˜λ³΅ν•΄μ„œ μ½μ—ˆκ³ , 보고 μ‹Άμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ—†μ–΄μ„œ λͺ» λ³Έ
19:31
repeatedly watched all the films I’d always wanted to see but been unable to because I
284
1171310
3990
μ˜ν™”λ„ λ°˜λ³΅ν•΄μ„œ λ΄€λ‹€.
19:35
had never had the time before I retired.”
285
1175300
3410
μ€ν‡΄ν–ˆλ‹€.”
19:38
β€œMy grandson has repeatedly visited occasionally.
286
1178710
3530
β€œλ‚΄ μ†μžλŠ” 가끔 반볡적으둜 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:42
That’s Jason, and his news is he’s just started high school.
287
1182240
4170
μ œμ΄μŠ¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그의 μ†Œμ‹μ€ κ·Έκ°€ 이제 막 고등학ꡐ에 μž…ν•™ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:46
He’s shown me how to use a smartphone and a tablet, with the result that now I know,
288
1186410
4530
κ·ΈλŠ” λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ 슀마트폰과 νƒœλΈ”λ¦Ώμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆκ³  , κ·Έκ°€
19:50
which I hadn’t figured out before he showed me.”
289
1190940
1860
보여주기 μ „μ—λŠ” μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ˜ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ§€κΈˆμ€ μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .”
19:52
β€œAlso, I’ve started rebuilding the porch, with the result that it’s partly rebuilt.
290
1192800
6660
β€œλ˜ν•œ ν˜„κ΄€μ„ μž¬κ±΄ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³  κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό λΆ€λΆ„μ μœΌλ‘œ μž¬κ±΄λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:59
I had planned to finish it last month but didn’t complete my plan, but we’ve repeatedly
291
1199460
5050
μ§€λ‚œλ‹¬μ— 끝내렀고 ν–ˆλŠ”λ° κ³„νšμ„ 끝내지 λͺ»ν–ˆλŠ”데
20:04
had some heavy storms recently, so I haven’t been able to get it painted so now it’s
292
1204510
4270
μ΅œκ·Όμ— ν­ν’μš°κ°€ λ°˜λ³΅λ˜μ–΄ 도색을 λͺ» ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ–΄μ„œ 도색이
20:08
unpainted.”
293
1208780
2650
μ•ˆ 된 μƒνƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.”
20:11
Ed continued, β€œAnd my personal news is I’ve just taken up a new hobby– pottery!
294
1211430
5100
EdλŠ” κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€
20:16
I’ve repeatedly made over a dozen pieces so far.”
295
1216530
5110
열두 κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” μž‘ν’ˆμ„ λ°˜λ³΅ν•΄μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ–΄μš” .”
20:21
It seems Ed is keeping busy!
296
1221640
2150
μ—λ“œκ°€ λ°”μ˜κ²Œ μ§€λ‚΄λŠ” 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!
20:23
What else does he want to do?
297
1223790
1510
κ·ΈλŠ” 또 λ¬΄μ—‡μ„ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
20:25
He replied, β€œWell, apart from reading, I love travel.
298
1225300
4750
κ·ΈλŠ” β€œκΈ€μŽ„μš”, μ €λŠ” λ…μ„œ 외에 여행을 μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:30
Before I retired, I’d had the experience of being to over 20 countries in Asia, Europe,
299
1230050
5010
μ€ν‡΄ν•˜κΈ° 전에 μ•„μ‹œμ•„, 유럽, 아프리카, μ•„λ©”λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 20개ꡭ 이상을 μ—¬ν–‰ν•œ κ²½ν—˜μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
20:35
Africa and the Americas.”
300
1235060
1080
.”
20:36
β€œSo, I’ve often repeatedly thought about visiting Australia.
301
1236140
4740
β€œκ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν˜Έμ£Όμ— 가보고 μ‹Άλ‹€λŠ” 생각을 자주 ν–ˆμ–΄μš” .
20:40
I’ve never had the experience of being there.”
302
1240880
4770
λ‚˜λŠ” 거기에 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ΄ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.”
20:45
Ed said, β€œI’ve also bought a ticket, which is my news, for an Antarctic cruise.
303
1245650
4680
μ—λ“œλŠ” 남극 μœ λžŒμ„  ν‘œλ„ 샀닀.
20:50
I’ve heard, so now I believe, that it’s very exciting!”
304
1250330
4010
λ“€μ—ˆκ³ , κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ§€κΈˆμ€ 맀우 ν₯λ―Έμ§„μ§„ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!”
20:54
β€œSo, by the time I get back, I’ll have had the experience of walking on all seven
305
1254340
5430
β€œκ·Έλž˜μ„œ λŒμ•„μ˜¬ λ•Œμ―€μ΄λ©΄ 7λŒ€λ₯™μ„ λͺ¨λ‘ κ±Έμ–΄λ³Έ κ²½ν—˜μ΄ μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
20:59
continents.
306
1259770
1370
.
21:01
Not too many people can say they’ve had the experience of doing that!”
307
1261140
3900
λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 그런 κ²½ν—˜μ΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  말할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ !”
21:05
Does Ed have any regrets then?
308
1265040
3440
EdλŠ” κ·Έλ•Œ ν›„νšŒκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
21:08
He answered, β€œYes, maybe just one.
309
1268480
3570
κ·ΈλŠ” β€œλ„€, μ•„λ§ˆ ν•œ 개일 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:12
I wish I’d retired earlier, which didn’t happen!
310
1272050
3460
λ‚˜λŠ” 더 일찍 μ€ν‡΄ν–ˆμœΌλ©΄ μ’‹μ•˜μ„ 텐데, 그런 일은 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!
21:15
I probably would have if I’d known it was this enjoyable, which I didn’t know before.”
311
1275510
6570
μ „μ—λŠ” λͺ°λžλ˜ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 즐거운 일인 쀄 μ•Œμ•˜λ”λΌλ©΄ κ·Έλž¬μ„ 것 κ°™μ•„μš”.”
21:22
Interesting idea, Ed.
312
1282080
1200
ν₯미둜운 생각이야, μ—λ“œ. 당신이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λ§ν•˜κΈ°
21:23
We hadn’t thought about that before you told us.
313
1283280
2730
전에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
21:26
Thanks for your time!
314
1286010
3510
μ‹œκ°„ λ‚΄ μ€˜μ„œ κ³ λ§ˆμ›Œ!
21:29
Listen for these words in your daily life, keep practicing and have a great day!
315
1289520
4550
일상 μ†μ—μ„œ 이 말듀을 λ“£κ³  μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜λ©° 쒋은 ν•˜λ£¨ λ³΄λ‚΄μ„Έμš”!
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7