Learn the meanings of - DRAG / SCRAPE / TEAR / GOUGE - Destructive English words with Mr Duncan

7,599 views

2020-09-29 ใƒป English Addict with Mr Duncan


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Learn the meanings of - DRAG / SCRAPE / TEAR / GOUGE - Destructive English words with Mr Duncan

7,599 views ใƒป 2020-09-29

English Addict with Mr Duncan


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:13
So here we are all together again. I get the feeling that you love the English language
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใง็งใŸใกใฏๅ†ใณไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
00:18
as much as I do; if not more. Before we begin, I have a question for you. What is the name
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใงใฏใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚ ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:26
of this grammar symbol? What is it used for? I will give you the answer later on in this
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•่จ˜ๅทใฎๅๅ‰ใฏ? ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็ญ”ใˆใฏใ“ใฎๅ‹•็”ปใฎๅพŒๅŠใงใŠไผใˆใ—ใพใ™
00:33
video. Meanwhile letโ€™s get on with todayโ€™s English lesson, which will start around aboutโ€ฆNOW!
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ใ€‚ ใใฎ้–“ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซๅ–ใ‚ŠๆŽ›ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด„โ€ฆไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™!
00:52
Here are some interesting words that sound both dramatic and descriptive. The words are
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ๅŠ‡็š„ใง่ชฌๆ˜Ž็š„ใช้Ÿฟใใ‚’ๆŒใค่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ่จ€่‘‰ใฏ
00:58
โ€˜dragโ€™ โ€˜scrapeโ€™ โ€˜tearโ€™ and โ€˜gougeโ€™. Each of these words describes an action that
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ใ€Œๅผ•ใใšใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œๅ‰Šใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใ€ใ€ŒๆŠ‰ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ€
01:06
might be considered destructive. A destructive action causes damage. The act of destroying
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็ ดๅฃŠ็š„ใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ ดๅฃŠ ่กŒ็‚บใฏใƒ€ใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ ดๅฃŠใ™ใ‚‹่กŒ็‚บใ€
01:12
something or the possibility of something being damaged is destructive. Each one of
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ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ ใŒๆๅ‚ทใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏ็ ดๅฃŠ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:18
these words shows that force was used to carry out the act. The first word is โ€˜dragโ€™.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎไธ€ใคไธ€ใคใŒใ€ใใฎ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅŠ›ใŒไฝฟใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฐใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:27
To drag something describes the action of forced movement, often whist in contact with
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฐใ™ใ‚‹ใจใฏใ€ๅผทๅˆถ็š„ใชๅ‹•ใใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Š ใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ›บใ„่กจ้ขใซๆŽฅ่งฆใ—ใฆๅฃ็ฌ›ใ‚’ๅนใ„ใฆใ„
01:33
a solid surface. If you hold onto a moving object, such as a car, then you might end
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ปŠใชใฉใฎๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ็‰ฉไฝ“ใซใคใ‹ใพใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใฎ็‰ฉไฝ“ใฎ
01:39
up being dragged behind it as it moves along. The car is moving whilst you are holding onto
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ๅพŒใ‚ใซๅผ•ใใšใ‚Š่พผใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใซใคใ‹ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใ€่ปŠใฏๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™
01:46
it. You are being dragged along the road. The car is dragging you. You are being forced
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้“ใซๆฒฟใฃใฆๅผ•ใใšใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ปŠใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅผ•ใใšใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
01:54
along by being in contact with the car. To use force or roughly move something is to
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่ปŠใจๆŽฅ่งฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅผทๅˆถใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŠ›ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅคงใพใ‹ใซๅ‹•ใ‹ใ™ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฐใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
02:02
drag. You might drag a table across a wooden floor. The word โ€˜dragโ€™ can also refer
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ใ€‚ ๆœจ่ฃฝใฎๅบŠใฎไธŠใงใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใ‚’ๅผ•ใใšใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๆŠ—ๅŠ›ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏ
02:08
to air resistance. The force exerted on a moving object as it moves at speed is drag.
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ใ€็ฉบๆฐ—ๆŠตๆŠ—ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็‰ฉไฝ“ใŒ้ซ˜้€Ÿใง็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ๅŠ›ใŒๆŠ—ๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:17
To draw air through a cigarette is โ€˜dragโ€™. You take a drag from a cigarette. As an idiom,
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ใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‹ใ‚‰็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅธใ„่พผใ‚€ใ“ใจใฏใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฐใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ไธ€ๆœใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ…ฃ็”จๅฅใจใ—ใฆใ€
02:25
the word drag can be used to show that time is moving slowly. A boring moment seems to
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ใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฐใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ้€€ๅฑˆใช็žฌ้–“
02:31
go by slowly. It is dragging by. โ€œThis lecture is dragging by.โ€ โ€œYour parties are always
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ใŒใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจ้ŽใŽใฆใ„ใใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅผ•ใใšใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ“ใฎ่ฌ›็พฉ ใฏ้•ทๅผ•ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฏ
02:39
such a drag.โ€ If a man dresses up in womenโ€™s clothing, it is often referred to as โ€˜dragโ€™.
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใจใฆใ‚‚ใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฐใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ็”ทๆ€งใŒๅฅณๆ€งใฎ ๆœใ‚’็€ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฐใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™.
02:45
โ€œThe men came onto the stage all in drag.โ€ The phrase; โ€˜drag your heelsโ€™ means that
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ใ€Œ็”ทๆ€งใŸใกใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆๅผ•ใใšใฃใฆใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใซ็™ปๅ ดใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ่กจ็พ; ใ€Œใ‹ใ‹ใจใ‚’ๅผ•ใใšใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€
02:53
you are reluctant to do something, you are showing hesitation. You are not doing something
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆฐ—ใŒ้€ฒใพใชใ„ใ€่บŠ่บ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใ‚‹
02:59
as fast as you should be. You are dragging your heels.
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ในใ้€Ÿใ•ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‹ใ‹ใจใ‚’ๅผ•ใใšใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:08
The next word is โ€˜scrapeโ€™. This is another word that often involves movement and sound.
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ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€Œใ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐๅ‹•ใใจ้Ÿณใ‚’ไผดใ†ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:16
To scrape is to cause direct damage to something whilst in contact with it. One thing comes
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ใ“ใ™ใ‚Šใจใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๆŽฅ่งฆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใซ็›ดๆŽฅๆๅ‚ทใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒ
03:23
into contact with something else. The action can be brief or prolonged. The damage caused
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ไป–ใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใจๆŽฅ่งฆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใฏ็Ÿญใใฆใ‚‚้•ทใใฆใ‚‚ใ‹ใพใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆๅ‚ทใฏใ€
03:32
can be one way or both ways. A hard object scraping a soft object will most likely only
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็‰‡้“ใพใŸใฏไธกๆ–นๅ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็กฌใ„็‰ฉไฝ“ ใŒๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„็‰ฉไฝ“ใ‚’ใ“ใ™ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„็‰ฉไฝ“ใซ
03:42
cause damage to the soft item. A collision between two objects might be described as
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ๆๅ‚ทใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆ้–“ใฎ่ก็ชใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚คใƒ—ใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
03:48
a โ€˜scrapeโ€™. Repeated direct contact with a surface is โ€˜scrapeโ€™. You might scrape
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ใ€‚ ่กจ้ขใจใฎ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฎ็›ดๆŽฅๆŽฅ่งฆ ใฏใ€Œใ“ใ™ใ‚Šใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:57
the ice off your car window. You might scrape wallpaper off the walls in a room of your
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่ปŠใฎ็ช“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฐทใ‚’ใ“ใ™ใ‚Š่ฝใจใ™ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฎถ ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฎๅฃใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฃ็ด™ใ‚’ใ“ใ™ใ‚Š่ฝใจใ™ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
04:03
house. We often describe this as โ€˜scrape offโ€™. You are scraping something off. You
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œใ“ใ™ใ‚Š ่ฝใจใ™ใ€ใจ่กจ็พใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ“ใ™ใ‚Š่ฝใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็กฌใ„่กจ้ขใซ้•ทๆ™‚้–“ๆŽฅ่งฆ
04:12
might cause damage to part of your body by coming into prolonged contact with a hard
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไฝ“ใฎไธ€้ƒจใซๆๅ‚ทใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
04:19
surface. You might fall and scrape your knees on a concrete pavement. As an idiom, the word
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒˆใฎ่ˆ—่ฃ…ใง่ปขใ‚“ใง่†ใ‚’ๆ“ฆใ‚Šใ‚€ใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใจใ—ใฆใ€
04:29
โ€˜scrapeโ€™ can mean a physical argument or a difficult situation. You find yourself
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ใ€Œใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚คใƒ—ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€็‰ฉ็†็š„ใช่ญฐ่ซ– ใพใŸใฏๅ›ฐ้›ฃใช็Šถๆณใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ
04:37
in a scrape. A spontaneous fight can also be described as a โ€˜scrapโ€™. โ€œWe got into
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ใฏใ“ใ™ใ‚Šๅ‚ทใ‚’่ฒ ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‡ช็™บ็š„ใชๆˆฆใ„ใฏ ใ€Œใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใŸใก
04:45
a scrap last night outside the pub.โ€ The word โ€˜scrapeโ€™ can also describe the action
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ใฏๆ˜จๅคœใ€ใƒ‘ใƒ–ใฎๅค–ใงๅ–งๅ˜ฉใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใ“ใ™ใ‚Š่ฝใจใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰
04:51
of struggling to survive on a low income. You have to scrape-by on a small wage. โ€œI
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ใฏใ€ไฝŽๆ‰€ๅพ—ใง็”Ÿใๆฎ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ™ใ‚‹่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’่กจใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™. ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใšใ‹ใช่ณƒ้‡‘ใงใ“ใ™ใ‚Š้Žใ”ใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
05:00
wonโ€™t get paid until next weekend; we will have to scrape-by until then.โ€
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ๆฌกใฎ้€ฑๆœซใพใงๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใพใงใฏใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚คใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:10
The next destructive word is โ€˜tearโ€™. To tear something means to cause damage by forcing
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ๆฌกใฎ็ ดๅฃŠ็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€Œๆถ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆๅ‚ทใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
05:21
a fragile object apart. To tear something is to divide or cause something to separate
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใจ ใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅŠ›ใšใใงๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใ€ใพใŸใฏๅˆ†้›ข
05:27
by force. You might tear a piece of paper in half. You might tear your trousers whilst
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ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆžšใฎ็ด™ใ‚’ๅŠๅˆ†ใซ่ฃ‚ใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‹ใŒใ‚€ใจใ‚บใƒœใƒณใŒ็ ดใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
05:36
bending over. The material has come apart. It has been torn. A tear can appear in an
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ใ€‚ ็ด ๆใŒใƒใƒฉใƒใƒฉใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็ ดใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ•†ๅ“ใซ็ ดใ‚ŒใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒ
05:44
item. Sometimes this happens by accident, or it may have been done deliberately. โ€œMy
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ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅถ็„ถใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆ„ๅ›ณ็š„ใซ่กŒใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฎ
05:50
new coat has a tear in it already!โ€ โ€œDid you tear that photograph on purpose?โ€ As
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใฏใ™ใงใซ็ ดใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผใ€ ใ€Œ ใใฎๅ†™็œŸใ€ใ‚ใ–ใจ็ ดใฃใŸใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใจใ—ใฆ
05:58
an idiom the word โ€˜tearโ€™ can describe the movement of an object at high speed. โ€œIt
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ใ€ใ€Œๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ ใฏใ€็‰ฉไฝ“ใŒ้ซ˜้€Ÿใงๅ‹•ใใ“ใจใ‚’่กจใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
06:04
is common for motorcyclists to tear along the country lanes at the weekend.โ€ โ€œHe
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ใƒขใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŒ้€ฑๆœซใซ็”ฐ่ˆŽ้“ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใฎใฏใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผ
06:10
came tearing into the room, demanding to see his wife.โ€ To attack someone verbally is
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ใฏใ€ๅฆปใซไผšใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆๆฑ‚ใ—ใฆใ€้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ๅฃ้ ญใง่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ
06:17
to tear into them. You might tear into someone in anger. โ€œThere was no need to tear into
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ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ€’ใ‚Šใง่ชฐใ‹ใซๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
06:25
me over being late this morning.โ€ โ€œMy boss tore me apart after the meeting.โ€ The
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ไปŠๆœ้…ๅˆปใ—ใŸใ“ใจใงใ€็งใ‚’่ฒฌใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ ไผš่ญฐใฎๅพŒใ€ไธŠๅธใซๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใฎ
06:30
present tense of the word is โ€˜tearโ€™. The past tense is โ€˜toreโ€™ or โ€˜tornโ€™. A
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ๅ˜่ชžใฎ็พๅœจๅฝขใฏใ€Œๆถ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฏใ€Œtoreใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œtornใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:39
person tore something up. The thing has been torn up. To be undecided of how to react to
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ไบบใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใ„ใŸใ€‚ ใใฎ็‰ฉใฏ ๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใ‹ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใช็Šถๆณใซใฉใ†ๅๅฟœใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹
06:47
a difficult situation may leave you feeling โ€˜torn upโ€™. To shout and scream at a person
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ๆฑบใ‚ใ‹ใญใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ไบบใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆๅซใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šๅซใ‚“
06:54
might be described as โ€˜tearing them a new assโ€™. This crude expression is often abbreviated
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ใ ใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใŠๅฐปใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใ€ใจ่กจ็พใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅคง้›‘ๆŠŠใช่กจ็พใฏ
07:01
to โ€˜tearing them a new oneโ€™. โ€œNext time I see him Iโ€™m going to tear him a new one.โ€
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ใ€ใ€Œๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใ€ใจ็œ็•ฅใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆฌกใซ ๅฝผใซไผšใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:13
Finally we have the word โ€˜gougeโ€™. This word is often used to describe a forced or
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฌใ‚ฆใ‚ธใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€้‹ญๅˆฉใช็‰ฉไฝ“ใ‚„ๆญฆๅ™จใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๅผทๅˆถ็š„ใพใŸใฏๆšดๅŠ›็š„ใช่กŒ็‚บใ‚’่กจใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ
07:20
violent action involving a sharp object or a weapon. To cut deeply into something, so
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ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๆทฑใๅˆ‡ใ‚Š่พผใฟ
07:27
as to leave a mark is to โ€˜gougeโ€™. The removal of something by force by digging into
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ใ€่ทกใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ™ใ“ใจใฏใ€Œใˆใใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็‰ฉไฝ“ใฎ่กจ้ข ใ‚’ๆŽ˜ใ‚Šไธ‹ใ’ใฆๅŠ›ใšใใง้™คๅŽป
07:35
the surface of an object is โ€˜gougeโ€™. To cut into something using force is to โ€˜gouge
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ€Œใ‚ฌใ‚ฆใ‚ธใ€ใจใ„ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Š่พผใ‚€ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ€ŒๆŠ‰ใ‚Š
07:43
intoโ€™. A person might gauge into the bark of a tree, so as to remove something. To gouge
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่พผใ‚€ใ€ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใŸใ‚ใซใ€ไบบใฏๆœจใฎๆจน็šฎใ‚’ๆธฌใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:51
into the ground in search of something buried. To carve into material, so as to form a creative
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ๅŸ‹ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆๅœฐ้ขใ‚’ๆŽ˜ใ‚Šไธ‹ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚ ๅ‰ต้€ ็š„ใช่Šธ่ก“ไฝœๅ“ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€็ด ๆใซๅฝซใ‚Š่พผใ‚€ใ“ใจ
07:58
piece of art. The word โ€˜gougeโ€™ is often associated with a violent act. โ€œMedieval
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ฌใ‚ฆใ‚ธใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ ๆšดๅŠ›่กŒ็‚บใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œไธญไธ–ใฎ
08:06
torture techniques often included the gouging out of a personโ€™s eyes. Charming!
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ๆ‹ทๅ•ๆŠ€่ก“ใซใฏใ€ไบบใฎ็›ฎใ‚’ใˆใใ‚Šๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐ๏ผ
08:28
So there we have them. All four of these words can be used to describe a destructive action.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 4 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชž ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€็ ดๅฃŠ็š„ใชใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่กจใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:35
Just before I goโ€ฆ At the start of todayโ€™s lesson, I asked you a question. What is this
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่กŒใ็›ดๅ‰ใซโ€ฆ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ
08:42
grammar symbol? This is a โ€˜virguleโ€™, more commonly known as a โ€˜slashโ€™. It can also
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•่จ˜ๅทใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œvirguleใ€ใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€Œslashใ€ใจใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:50
be referred to as a forward slash. It is often used to note two available choices or options
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ใ‚นใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใช 2 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใพใŸใฏใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’็คบใ™
08:57
or as a natural space in a list, very similar to a comma. Virgules are also used in web
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ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใซ้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไผผใŸใƒชใ‚นใƒˆๅ†…ใฎ่‡ช็„ถใชใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใจใ—ใฆใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚ Virgules ใฏ Web ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จ
09:05
addresses, which serves the purpose of allowing extra parts to be added to a web link address.
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ใ•ใ‚Œใ€Web ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏ ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใซไฝ™ๅˆ†ใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹็›ฎ็š„ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
09:13
That is all from me for today. I hope you've enjoyed this lesson. See you again very soon
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ™ใใซใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:18
and of course until the next time we meet here, this is Mr Duncan in the birthplace
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆฌกใซใ“ใ“ใงใŠไผšใ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใพใงใฏ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชž็™บ็ฅฅใฎๅœฐใฎ Mr. Duncan
09:23
of English saying; thanks for watching, see you very soon and of course...
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ”่ฆง ใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
09:31
ta ta for now.
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ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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