Fast Track to Fluency | Linking Words | Although, Even Though, In Spite Of

41,647 views ใƒป 2017-10-06

Eat Sleep Dream English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
In this mini-series we're going to look at simple steps that we can take to improve our
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ใ“ใฎใƒŸใƒ‹ใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใงใฏ ใ€ๆตๆšขใซ่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
00:05
spoken fluency. I want to show the things in English that you can focus on to help you
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ใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซไผใˆใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใซ้›†ไธญใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใง็คบใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„
00:10
to communicate your ideas as clearly as possible. Today we're starting with linking words. Don't
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใคใชใใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:17
go anywhere!
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ใฉใ“ใซใ‚‚่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใง๏ผ
00:26
Hello, if you haven't met me, my name is Tom and I teach fresh modern British English so
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใซไผšใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒˆใƒ 
00:32
that you can take your English to the next level and achieve your life goals. Today we're
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฌกใฎ ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซๅผ•ใไธŠใ’ใ€ไบบ็”Ÿใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’้”ๆˆใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆ–ฐ้ฎฎใช็พไปฃใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
00:36
looking at linking words and specifically linking words that are going to help us to
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่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็ตใณใคใ‘ใ€็‰นใซ็งใŸใกใฎ่€ƒใˆ ใ‚’ๅฏพๆฏ”ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็ตใณใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ
00:41
contrast our ideas. Linking words are the words that we use to connect our ideas. They
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ๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใจใฏใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ใคใชใ’ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:48
also help the listener to follow our thoughts and what we are trying to say. And because
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ใพใŸใ€่žใๆ‰‹ใŒ็งใŸใกใฎ่€ƒใˆ ใ‚„่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๅพ“ใ†ใฎใซใ‚‚ๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
00:54
they help us to join our thoughts and our ideas they are a great way to make us sound
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็งใŸใกใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใฎใงใ€็งใŸใกใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆตๆšขใซ ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•
00:59
more fluent.
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ใงใ™.
01:00
Ok, I've got two sentences, let's see what you think. 'My holiday was really expensive.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€็งใฏ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆŒใฃ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฎไผ‘ๆš‡ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:05
I had a good time.' Ok, two sentences not very connected though are they? Two sentences
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็งใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใฏ ใ‚ใพใ‚Š้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹? ๅŒใ˜ไธป้กŒใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡
01:19
relating to the same subject but they don't feel very connected. So what words can we
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ‚ใพใ‚Š้–ข้€ฃๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ตใณใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใซใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใˆใฐใ‚ˆใ„
01:24
use to connect them? Well, we've got a couple of words. Let's have a look. 'My holiday was
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ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฟใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฎไผ‘ๆš‡ใฏ
01:31
really expensive but I had a good time' 'but I had a good time'. Alright, so we've got
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€Œ ใงใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€. ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ€
01:36
but, nice informal word. I'm sure most of you have used it before. But I had a good
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่‰ฏใ„้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝฟใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–นใ‚‚ๅคšใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
01:41
time. How about this one? 'My holiday was very expensive however I had a good time'
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็งใฎไผ‘ๆš‡ใฏ ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ไพกใ ใฃใŸใŒใ€็งใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใŸใ€
01:47
'however I had a good time'. Alright, so the same thing, contrasting two ideas. It's the
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ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—็งใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใŸใ€. ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใงใ€2 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๅฏพๆฏ”ใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:52
same meaning as but, but maybe not quite so informal. Ok, what about slightly more formal
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but ใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใซ
01:58
again? 'My holiday was very expensive nevertheless I had a good time' 'nevertheless i had a good
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ€Œ็งใฎไผ‘ๆš‡ใฏ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ไพก ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€Œๆฅฝใ—ใ„
02:07
time.' So there, same meaning as however but it's slightly more formal, ok? So fantastic,
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใใ“ใงใ€ใŸใ ใ—ใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ข
02:14
we've got three words that are connecting these two ideas. In terms of the position
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ใ‚’ใคใชใ 3 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ไธญใฎไฝ็ฝฎใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€
02:19
in a sentence usually we don't put but at the beginning of a sentence, certainly not
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้€šๅธธ ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใซใฏๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็ขบใ‹
02:24
in written English, in spoken English you might start with but. However can go at the
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ใซๆ›ธใ่จ€่‘‰ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใชใใ€่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชž ใงใฏ but ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€
02:28
beginning or in the middle, sometimes at the end as well. nevertheless also can go in the
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ๆœ€ๅˆใพใŸใฏ้€”ไธญใงใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚‚่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€็Šถๆณ
02:35
middle, at the beginning, at the end, depending on the situation. If we want to make something
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ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€้€”ไธญใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ™ใงใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฎ้Ÿฟใใ‚’ๅผฑใ‚ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
02:40
that we have already said sound less strong then we use these two words 'mind you' and
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'mind you' ใจ 'still' ใจใ„ใ† 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
02:50
'still'. They are both quite informal, usually in spoken English. 'He's always late. Mind
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ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚้žๅธธใซ้žๅ…ฌๅผใงใ€้€šๅธธ ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆ
02:56
you so am I' So I'm trying to contrast these two things. He's always late. I'm trying to
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ใใ ใ•ใ„็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™'ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰2ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฏพๆฏ”ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™. ๅฝผใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
03:07
soften that by saying well ok me too. So maybe trying to not sound so strong or I don't want
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็งใ‚‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ’Œใ‚‰ใ’ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅผทใ่žใ“ใˆใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
03:14
to sound mean so yeah he's always late, ok mind you so am I. Maybe we're trying to provide
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ๆ„ๅœฐๆ‚ชใซ่žใ“ใˆใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใˆใˆใ€ๅฝผใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚้…ใ‚Œ
03:21
some balance to what we are saying here. He's always late but ok mind you so am I. 'I don't
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ ใ„ใคใ‚‚้…ๅˆปใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™
03:30
like my flat. Still the location is pretty good.' So again I'm trying to soften that
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ๅ ดๆ‰€ใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
03:37
first thing by saying well ok, it's not a nice flat but the location is ok. So I'm trying
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ’Œใ‚‰ใ’ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใ„ใ„ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ
03:44
to soften it and balance out what I'm trying to say. Now a great linking word is although
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ’Œใ‚‰ใ’ใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ใ†ใจ ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๆŽฅ็ถš่ชžใฏwhileใงใ™ใ€‚
03:51
and we use this to contrast one clause with another clause. Often when maybe there's a
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็ฏ€ใจๅˆฅใฎ็ฏ€ใ‚’ๅฏพๆฏ”ใ•ใ› ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
03:57
surprising fact or something unexpected then we'll use although. 'Although I'm shy, I still
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้ฉšใในใไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚„ไบˆๆƒณๅค–ใฎ ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€while ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใŒใ‚Šๅฑ‹ใงใ™ใŒใ€
04:04
like to meet new people.' So although is contrasting the fact that although I'm shy but surprisingly
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไบบใซไผšใ†ใฎใฏๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚คใ ใ‘ใฉๆ„ๅค–
04:14
I like to meet new people. So again contrasting two things. So maybe something is slightly
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ใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไบบใซไผšใ†ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชใฎใจใฏๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ†ใณ 2ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฏพๆฏ”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—
04:19
unexpected or a bit surprising we'll contrast it in that way. 'They really love each other
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ไบˆๆƒณๅค–ใ ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ„ๅค–ใ ใฃ ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใŠไบ’ใ„ใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ๅˆใฃ
04:25
although i don't think they are going to get married yet.' Again, contrasting these two
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใพใ ็ตๅฉšใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ .ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰2ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฏพๆฏ”ใ—
04:34
things. They really love each other but I don't think they'll get married yet. So you
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ 2ไบบใฏ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ„›ใ—ๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใพใ ็ตๅฉšใ™ใ‚‹ๆฐ—ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
04:38
kind of balance out these two things. We can also use even though in place of although,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰2ใคใฎใ“ใจใฎใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ but ใฎ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ even without ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
04:43
they are synonyms in this situation. 'Even though I'm shy, I like to meet new people.'
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ็ŠถๆณใงใฏๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚คใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไบบใซไผšใ†ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:48
It's the same meaning as although in this situation. If you want to compare two things
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ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏใ€with ใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ€‚ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆ
04:56
and show that there is a big difference you can use the word 'whereas'. 'Bankers get paid
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ใ€ๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ 'whereas' ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้Š€่กŒๅ“กใฏ
05:02
millions whereas nurses and teacher get paid nearly nothing.' So whereas is contrasting
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ไฝ•็™พไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚‚็จผใ„ใงใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็œ‹่ญทๅธซใจๆ•™ๅธซใฏ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ็„ก็ตฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไธ€ๆ–นใฏ
05:09
these two ideas and showing how big a difference there is. Millions of pounds for the bankers,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๅฏพๆฏ”ใ•ใ›ใ€ใใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ„ใ‹ใซๅคงใใ„ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€้Š€่กŒๅ“กใซใฏๆ•ฐ็™พไธ‡ใƒใƒณใƒ‰
05:15
not a lot of money for the teachers and nurses for example. 'My brother is amazing at football
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ใ€ๆ•™ๅธซใ‚„็œ‹่ญทๅธซใซใฏๅคง้‡‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ…„ใฏใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใŒๅพ—ๆ„ใงใ™ใŒ
05:24
whereas I'm terrible.' Again, contrasting the difference between our abilities to play
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ใ€็งใฏใฒใฉใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผ ใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒฌใƒผใ™ใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ๅฏพๆฏ”ใ—
05:30
football. If we want to show surprise at two contrasting things we can use yet, still or
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ 2 ใคใฎๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซ้ฉšใใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใพใ ใ€ใพใŸใฏใใ‚Œ
05:37
in spite of. For example 'I woke up super late today and yet i still managed to get
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ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้…ใ่ตทใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใชใ‚“ใจใ‹ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
05:42
to work on time.' So there, it's quite a surprising
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ฉšใในใ
05:52
thing, I woke up really late, super late and the surprising thing is that I got to work
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ใ“ใจใงใ™.็งใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้…ใใ€้žๅธธใซ้…ใ็›ฎใŒ่ฆšใ‚
05:58
on time. So with yet or still or in spite of we can show that surprise. Let me add in
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ใพใ—ใŸ. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใพใ ใ€ใพใŸใฏใใ‚Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใš ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใฎ้ฉšใใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ็งใŒ
06:05
spite of to show you how I'd use that. So I'd put that at the beginning and I'd use
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€่ฟฝๅŠ ใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใซ็ฝฎใ
06:09
it with an -ing form, ok? So 'In spite of waking up late I got to work on time.' So
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ใ€-ing ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œ ้…ใ่ตทใใŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€็งใฏๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
06:22
you see it's in spite of and then waking with the -ing form there. 'In spite of waking up
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ“ใซ -ing ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใง็›ฎใ‚’่ฆšใพใ™ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ . ใ€Œ้…ใ่ตทใใŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€
06:27
late I got to work on time.' Alright, so those are some really great linking words to join
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็งใฏๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใฏ
06:33
your ideas together and create more fluent sentences. I want to say a particular thank
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ตใณใคใ‘ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆตๆšขใชๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏ ใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็‰นใซ
06:39
you to Ellen and Urara who asked their question about how they can make more fluent sentences
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ใ‚จใƒฌใƒณใจใ‚ฆใƒฉใƒฉใซใฏใ€
06:45
and sentences that are a little more complicated so not just short sentences but using words
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็Ÿญใ„ๆ–‡็ซ ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๅ˜่ชž
06:51
to join up their sentences to create longer structures. So a little thank you to Ellen
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ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ใคใชใŽๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆ้•ทใ„ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆตๆšขใชๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚„ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ค‡้›‘ใชๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚จใƒฌใƒณใจใ‚ฆใƒฉใƒฉใซๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใพใ™
06:56
and Urara who asked that question, I hope you found that useful. I will do more videos
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ใ€‚
07:02
on linking words because I think they are really useful. We will look at different categories
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ๅ˜่ชžใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไพฟๅˆฉใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:06
of linking words and how best to use them. But today I just wanted to focus on words
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ๆŽฅ็ถš่ชžใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใจใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆœ€้ฉใชไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅ
07:11
that helped us to contrast different ideas. Alright guys, thank you so much for hanging
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ใฏใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๅฏพๆฏ”ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค่จ€่‘‰ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ. ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€
07:15
out with me. Remember I've got new videos every Tuesday and every Friday bringing you
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็งใจไป˜ใๅˆใฃใฆใใ‚Œใฆใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ ๆฏŽ้€ฑ็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใจๆฏŽ้€ฑ้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ€
07:20
fresh modern British English. This is Tom, the Chief Dreamer, saying goodbye.
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ๆœ€ๆ–ฐใฎใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ใŠๅฑŠใ‘ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใƒใƒผใƒ•ใƒปใƒ‰ใƒชใƒผใƒžใƒผใฎใƒˆใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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