TO, ON, ABOUT: Prepositions of behavior in English

TO，ON，ABOUT：用英语表达的介词

Doo-doo-doo-doo.

斗斗-斗斗。

I really need to be less hard on myself about sports.

我真的需要减少 对自己的运动很难。

Hi. James from engVid.

你好。来自engVid的詹姆斯。

Today's lesson is going to be about prepositions and behaviour.

今天的教训将是 关于介词和行为。

I want to show you how we use prepositions to talk about people's behaviour.

我想告诉你我们如何使用介词 谈论人们的行为。

Now, behaviour is how someone acts, their actions.

现在，行为就是某人 行为，他们的行为。

You know, are they good to you, nice to you?

你知道，他们是好人吗？ 对你，对你好

So what is their behaviour like?

那么他们的行为是什么样的？

Why is this important?

为什么这很重要？

Because you know prepositions is being used as one thing.

因为你知道介词 被用作一件事。

Today I want to show you a lesson how we take the idea from the preposition, we put it with

今天我想向您展示我们如何采取的教训 从介词的想法，我们把它

an adjective, and then we can talk about people's behaviour.

一个形容词，然后我们就可以了 谈论人们的行为。

Are you ready?

你准备好了吗？

Let's go to the board.

我们去董事会。

"I need to be less hard on myself."

“我需要减少 对自己很难。“

Well, you know "need", you know "hard", but "hard on myself", what does that mean?

嗯，你知道“需要”，你知道“很难”，但是 “我自己很难”，这是什么意思？

Well, Mr. E is using a preposition, which is an adjective to talk about something he

好吧，E先生正在使用介词 是一个形容词来谈论他的事情

is doing or some way he is acting.

正在做什么或一些 他表演的方式。

Okay?

好的？

"Hard" means strong, so he needs to be less strong on himself.

“硬”意味着强大，所以他需要 对自己不那么强壮。

In this case he needs to be nicer to himself.

在这种情况下，他需要 对自己更好。

I used another one, "nicer to".

我用了另一个，“更好”。

We're going to work on this now and you're going to figure out how you can start using

我们现在要开始研究这个问题了 要弄明白你如何开始使用

prepositions with adjectives to describe behaviour.

介词与形容词 描述行为。

Okay, so, prepositions are most often used for direction, time, and the reason.

好的，所以，介词最常见 用于方向，时间和原因。

The reason why.

之所以。

Sorry.

抱歉。

The reason why we do something.

我们之所以做点什么。

Right?

对？

The reason why we do something.

我们之所以做点什么。

All right?

行？

"I'm going to the store", "I'll meet you at 12 o'clock", "I did it for this".

“我要去商店”，“我会见到你 在12点“，”我为此做了“。

Right?

对？

"For".

“对于”。

But they can also be used to describe people's actions, or behaviour, or what they're doing.

但它们也可以用来形容人们的 行为，行为或他们正在做的事情。

Okay?

好的？

So I'm going to give you three popular prepositions: "to", "on", and "about".

所以我打算给你三个流行的 介词：“to”，“on”和“about”。

I will explain each one, and then give you some collocations which are words that go

我会解释每一个，然后给你 一些搭配就是这样的话

together, co-location. Right?

在一起，共同定位。 对？

Collocation, it means they're always generally found together, that will explain behaviour.

搭配，这意味着他们总是一般 一起发现，这将解释行为。

Okay? Let's go to the first one.

好的？ 我们去第一个。

"To".

“至”。

Everybody loves "to".

每个人都喜欢“去”。

Right?

对？

"To" means movement: "Go to the store."

“To”意味着运动： “去商店。”

Right?

对？

I'm not going to say two people, because that's not a preposition, that's a number, but "to".

我不会说两个人，因为那是 不是介词，这是一个数字，而是“到”。

But when we add...

但是当我们添加......

Use these adjectives before "to", we can say: "cruel to".

之前使用这些形容词 “来”，我们可以说：“残忍”。

"He's cruel to you".

“他对你很残忍”。

"Cruel" means not very nice.

“残酷”意味着不是很好。

Cruel is not nice, so he's cruel...

残忍不好， 所以他很残忍......

But, look.

但看。

See how we have direction?

看看我们如何指导？

Remember I said "to" means direction?

记得我说过“来” 意味着方向？

"He's cruel to you."

“他对你很残忍。”

So the direction of his not-niceness goes to you.

所以他的方向 不好看到你。

On the next one we have "kind to".

在下一个我们 有“善意”。

"Kind" means nice.

“善良”意味着好。

They are nice or generous.

他们很好或很慷慨。

Right?

对？

So, when someone's kind to you, they are nice to-you got it, direction again-you.

所以，当有人对你友好时，他们就是 很高兴你得到它，再次指导你 - 你。

Direction.

方向。

"Rude".

“无礼”。

You know when someone's rude they act in a way that's not nice, they show disrespect

你知道什么时候有人粗鲁他们的行为 这种方式不太好，他们表现出不尊重

to you.

给你。

Right?

对？

They say bad words or something.

他们说坏话或什么的。

When someone's "rude to", here we go again, "to" means direction and that direction is

当某人“粗鲁”时，我们又来了， “到”意味着方向和方向

to whoever they say, rude to them, rude to him, rude to me.

对他们说的任何人，粗鲁无礼 他们对他很粗鲁，对我很粗鲁。

Okay?

好的？

Who is the object?

谁是对象？

And "helpful to", that's right.

并且“乐于助人”，这是正确的。

Somebody or something was helpful to you, they gave you some help when you need it.

有人或某事对你有帮助， 他们在你需要的时候会给你一些帮助。

Help, and then full of help, they were full of help to you.

帮助，然后充满帮助， 他们对你很有帮助。

So we've just discussed "to" and we know it means movement, and in this case direction,

所以我们刚刚讨论过“to”而我们知道它 表示移动，在这种情况下是方向，

and these adjectives help us...

这些形容词帮助我们......

Tell us what the behaviour or actions are that they are doing to you.

告诉我们行为或行为 是他们对你做的。

Okay?

好的？

You like that one?

你喜欢那个？

I got another one.

我有另一个。

It's a three-for-one sale, I'm going to teach you three.

这是一个三合一的销售，我是 要教你三个。

Okay?

好的？

"On".

“上”。

Usually when we say "on" we mean to put on, like on top, like on the surface of something,

通常当我们说“开”时我们打算穿上， 像在顶部，就像在某物的表面，

"on".

“上”。

As direction means...

方向意味着......

"To" means direction, "on" means on the surface or put it on.

“To”表示方向，“on”表示 在表面上或戴上它。

And as you can see, I put my hand on me which means something, I bet you're going to understand,

正如你所看到的，我把手放在我的手上 什么，我打赌你会理解，

is going to come on me.

我会来的。

Okay?

好的？

So we want to use these adjectives before "on".

所以我们想要使用这些 “on”之前的形容词。

You can see my little picture, "on".

你可以看到我的小事 图片，“开”。

"Tough on", you know, Colgate is tough on grease or tough on this.

“坚韧”，你知道，高露洁是 坚韧的油脂或坚韧的。

"Tough" means hard or strong.

“艰难”意味着坚硬或强烈。

So if someone's tough on you, for example, if your parents were tough on you when you

例如，如果有人对你很强硬， 如果你的父母对你很强硬

were a kid, they made...

小时候，他们做了......

They didn't make things easy for you.

他们没有做 对你来说很容易。

They made you work for everything.

他们让你工作 为了一切。

If somebody is tough on crime, they are not easy, they do not let it go, they don't say:

如果有人对犯罪很强硬，那他们就不是 容易，他们不放手，他们不说：

-"It's okay, it's okay."

- “没关系，没关系。”

-"It's not okay."

- “这不行。”

Blah, blah...

哇，等等......

They're going to be hard.

他们会变得很难。

It's similar to...

它类似于......

Oh wait, that's "hard to"...

哦等等，这很“难”......

"Cruel"...

“残忍”...

Not "cruel to", but...

不是“残忍的”，但......

No, no, it's not similar at all.

不，不，它根本不相似。

I made a mistake.

我犯了一个错误。

I'm thinking of the one over here, which is "on", but: "It's tough on".

我在想这里的那个， 这是“开”，但是：“这很难”。

Let's go "easy on".

让我们“轻松”。

The exact opposite is "easy on".

恰恰相反，“容易开启”。

If your parents were easy on you, when you made a mistake, they were like: "It's okay,

如果你的父母对你这么容易 犯了一个错误，他们就像：“没关系，

son."

儿子。”

Or: "It's okay, daughter.

或者：“没关系，女儿。

No problem.

没问题。

We'll fix it for you."

我们会帮你解决的。“

So when people are easy on you they don't make anything difficult.

所以，当人们对你很容易 不要做任何困难。

They make it easy and nice for you.

他们让事情变得简单 对你很好

Okay?

好的？

Life should be balanced, a little bit of tough love and a little bit of easy love is good.

生活应该平衡，有点艰难 爱和一点点容易的爱是好的。

Shouldn't be one way or the other.

不应该是一个 方式或其他。

Now, "rough on", ooh, if something's rough on you, that's not nice.

现在，“粗暴的”，哦，如果有的话 粗暴对你，这不好。

That's not nice.

那不好。

As "tough on" means makes it hard, but can make you work, like, my teachers are tough

因为“强硬”意味着它很难，但可以 让你工作，就像，我的老师很难

on me because they want me to do well.

对我而言，因为他们 要我做得好

It means they make it not easy for you so you can learn to be stronger.

这意味着它们让它变得不容易 你这样你就可以学会变得更强壮。

When they make it easy on you, they take...

当它们变得容易 对你，他们采取...

Maybe they understand you're tired or things are difficult at home, so they don't make

也许他们知道你很累或者事情 在家里很难，所以他们没有

it too hard.

太难了。

But when somebody's rough on you, they're not nice to you.

但是当有人粗暴的时候 你，他们对你不好。

You know, they're rough on you because they're being mean, not nice on purpose.

你知道，他们对你很粗暴，因为 他们是卑鄙的，不是故意的。

Right?

对？

So, that guy was rough on the student.

那个家伙很粗暴 对学生。

We say that's not fair, that's not nice.

我们说这不公平， 那不好。

If they were tough on the student, it's like: "He's tough, but the student will be better."

如果他们对学生很难，那就像： “他很强硬，但学生会更好。”

"He's rough on the students", they are not...

“他很粗鲁 学生“，他们不是......

They are not being nice people.

他们不是好人。

Okay?

好的？

It's different, so you got to know the difference between rough and tough.

这是不同的，所以你必须知道 粗糙和坚韧的区别。

They seem similar, in some cases they are, you know: "That exam was really rough on me",

它们似乎相似，在某些情况下它们是，你 知道：“那次考试对我很粗暴”，

it means difficult, it really kind of almost hurt me.

它意味着困难，它真的 几乎伤害了我。

It was tough on me, it forced me to produce.

它很难对我说 强迫我生产。

Okay?

好的？

Similar, not the same.

相似，不一样。

What about number three?

三号呢？

All right, we have down here "about", but what about this one?

好的，我们在这里 “关于”，但是这个怎么样？

Well, "about" means approximately or in all directions.

嗯，“约”意味着约 或四面八方。

You can see how I have here "approximately", it means: "Enh, from here it's about enh",

你可以看到我在这里“约”， 它意味着：“恩，从这里开始，它就是恩，”

approximate; not exact.

近似;不确切。

And in all directions, he moved about town, went in all directions.

在四面八方，他感动了 关于城镇，四面八方。

Okay?

好的？

Now, here are the adjectives we're going to put before "about": "selfish about".

现在，这是我们要去的形容词 放在“约”之前：“自私”。

You know when we use reflexive pronouns?

你知道我们何时使用 反身代词？

"Yourself", "myself", "himself", or "herself", it talks about this person here, myself, I'm

“你自己”，“我自己”，“自己”或“自己”， 它在这里谈论这个人，我自己，我

talking about me.

谈论我。

When I'm selfish it's all about me, so I only care about myself.

当我自私的时候就是这样 我，所以我只关心自己。

So when I say: "You're selfish about the food", it means you think only about you and no one

所以，当我说：“你对食物是自私的”， 这意味着你只想到你，没有人

else.

其他。

It was selfish about him to not help other people.

对他来说这很自私 不帮助别人。

How about "crazy about"?

怎么样“疯狂”？

This is a funny one, because you're going to say: "Oh, crazy about mean must mean, oh,

这是一个有趣的，因为你要去 说：“哦，疯狂的意思必须意味着，哦，

they're crazy, they're crazy people", no, it means I love it a lot.

他们疯了，他们是疯子“， 不，这意味着我非常喜欢它。

It means, in a way, sort of crazy that you love it so much it's not normal.

从某种意义上说，这意味着疯狂 你非常喜欢它，这是不正常的。

So I'm crazy about this girl at work, I'm in love with her.

所以我对这个女孩很生气 在工作中，我爱上了她。

All right?

行？

If you say: "I'm not crazy about something", it means I don't like it.

如果你说：“我并不疯狂 “这意味着我不喜欢它。

I know, this is funny because it seems the opposite of what you would think, right?

我知道，这很有趣，因为它似乎是 与你的想法相反，对吧？

But when people are crazy about something, like I'm crazy about my new car, I love it.

但是当人们对某事感到疯狂时， 就像我对我的新车一样疯狂，我喜欢它。

I'm crazy about this new restaurant down in Soho, I love it.

我对这家新餐厅很着迷 在Soho，我喜欢它。

I'm not so crazy about getting homework, I don't love it.

我并不是那么疯狂 做作业，我不喜欢它。

Okay?

好的？

So though it seems like loco, if you're Spanish, or crazy, it's different.

所以，虽然它看起来像火车头，如果你是 西班牙语，或疯狂，它是不同的。

It means to have intense feelings about it.

这意味着要激烈 关于它的感受。

What about "mean about"?

那么“意味着什么”？

Well, "mean" means...

好吧，“意思是”意思是......

"Mean" means, see?

“意思”的意思是，看？

There.

那里。

It means definition, right?

这意味着定义，对吗？

But "mean" also means not nice.

但“卑鄙”也意味着不好。

That man is mean.

那个男人很卑鄙。

So in this case it means you are not nice about something.

所以在这种情况下它意味着你 对某事不好。

You were mean about inviting me out.

你的意思是 邀请我出去

It means you weren't nice about it.

这意味着你不是 很高兴。

You were mean about giving me money.

你的意思是 给我钱。

You were not nice about it.

你不是很好。

You were mean about talking to the kids.

你的意思是 和孩子们交谈。

You were not nice about it.

你不是很好。

The opposite of that would be "kind", he was kind about letting me know what was going

与此相反的是“善良”，他是 善待让我知道发生了什么

on.

上。

They were nice, they were gentle, they were loving...

他们很好，他们是 温柔，他们很爱...

Well, not necessarily loving, but they were nice.

嗯，不一定 爱，但他们很好。

Okay?

好的？

They were kind about helping the old lady.

他们很善良 帮老太太。

They were nice about it.

他们很高兴。

Okay?

好的？

So we've now noticed how we use prepositions that you know to tell you about time, direction,

所以我们现在已经注意到我们如何使用介词 你知道告诉你时间，方向，

or the reason why we do something, but you can also take these prepositions, put them

或者我们做某事的原因，但是你 也可以采取这些介词，把它们

after an adjective and you can tell about how, not why, but how someone is behaving.

在一个形容词后你可以讲述 怎么，不是为什么，而是某个人的行为方式。

Cool, huh?

很酷，对吧？

By using the idea, for instance, for "to" for direction, you can show: In what direction

通过使用这个想法，例如，“to”for 方向，你可以表明：在什么方向

is the cruelty, the kindness, the rudeness, or the helpfulness going?

是残忍，善良，是 粗鲁，或乐于助人？

What direction?

什么方向？

With the "on", you can see that it's being put on someone, they're feeling it because

使用“on”，您可以看到它正在存在 穿上某人，他们感觉到了，因为

it's being placed on them, like my hand.

它被放置了 他们，就像我的手。

And "about" we can say in the subject, about this subject, approximately this subject,

关于这个主题我们可以说“约” 这个主题，大约是这个主题，

we can understand.

我们可以理解。

Yeah?

是吗？

Good.

好。

I see you're smiling which is a good thing, because we have to do a little quiz, and yeah,

我看到你笑了，这是件好事， 因为我们必须做一点小测验，是的，

time for you to learn something new.

你学习的时间 新鲜玩意。

Ready?

准备？

Okay, so I talked about putting prepositions with adjectives to describe behaviour, and

好的，所以我谈到了介词 用形容词来描述行为，和

I want to do something right now because I gave some words or introduced some words you

我现在想做点什么，因为我 给了一些话或介绍了一些你的话

may not know, so I want to give you alternate or different words to use, and give you a

可能不知道，所以我想给你替代 或者使用不同的词语，并给你一个

deeper understanding, so not just understanding what the preposition does, but what the actual

更深刻的理解，所以不仅仅是理解 介词的作用，但实际是什么

adjectives mean.

形容词意思是。

For example, "cruel" means mean or not nice, so you can use this word or this one.

例如，“残忍”意味着或不好， 所以你可以用这个词或者这个词。

"He is a cruel man.", "He is a mean man".

“他是一个残忍的人。”， “他是一个卑鄙的人”。

"Rude" means not impolite, impolite.

“粗鲁”意味着没有 不礼貌，不礼貌。

Right?

对？

"Polite" is, like: "Please" and "Thank you".

“礼貌”就像： “谢谢，麻烦您了”。

"Impolite" is just grabbing and taking, not polite.

“不礼貌”只是抓住了 并采取，而不是礼貌。

So if you are rude, you are also impolite.

所以如果你很粗鲁，那你 也是不礼貌的。

"Nasty" means unpleasant, not nice, but it also could be for things like smell.

“讨厌”意味着不愉快，不好，但是 它也可以用于气味之类的东西。

If someone goes...

如果有人去......

That's rather nasty.

那是相当讨厌的。

It's unpleasant.

这很不愉快。

It is not pleasing, you don't like it, it's not nice.

这不令人愉快，你不喜欢 喜欢它，它并不好。

"Tough" can mean painful or difficult.

“艰难”可能意味着 痛苦或困难。

Okay?

好的？

So, if something's tough on you, it means painful.

所以，如果事情很艰难 在你身上，这意味着痛苦。

All right?

行？

But it can also mean difficult, it means hard to do.

但它也意味着困难， 这意味着很难做到。

Right?

对？

He had a...

他有......

She had a tough time with her pregnancy.

她度过了一段艰难时期 与她怀孕。

It was painful.

这很痛苦。

Painful and difficult.

痛苦和困难。

"Rough" can be difficult and unpleasant, so you can see how "rough" can be these two,

“粗糙”可能是困难和不愉快的，所以 你可以看到这两者“粗糙”是多么的

but notice how this is both negative words, and when I said to you if somebody's rough

但请注意这是否是负面词， 当我告诉你，如果有人粗暴的话

on you, it's not good, because there's nothing nice about it?

在你身上，这不好，因为 它没什么好看的？

But "tough" can be difficult, and that's how we can tell the difference between these two

但“艰难”可能很难，而且就是这样 我们可以分辨出这两者之间的区别

words.

话。

Okay?

好的？

"Rough on" and "tough on".

“粗糙”和“艰难”。

My teacher was tough on me to make me better, difficult, they made it hard so I could be

我的老师很难让我变得更好， 很难，他们很难，所以我可以

better.

更好。

But here, that unpleasant makes it not nice.

但在这里，那令人不快 让它不好。

Okay?

好的？

Good.

好。

So we've got that one, now I want to do the quiz, your favourite part of this whole show,

所以我们有那个，现在我想做 测验，你最喜欢的整个节目的一部分，

I mean video, I mean lesson.

我的意思是视频，我的意思是教训。

[Laughs] Maybe to me it's a show.

[笑]也许 我这是一个节目。

All right.

行。

So, number one: "My coach was __________ me so I could be the best."

所以，排名第一：“我的教练是 __________我所以我可能是最好的。“

That's right, "tough on", "tough on".

那是对的，“很难 在“，”坚持“。

Okay, so number two: "She was __________ the dog, so they took it away."

好的，第二个：“她是__________ 狗，所以他们把它拿走了。“

Good, you got it.

好的，你明白了。

"She was cruel to the dog".

“她对狗很残忍”。

I want to do a quick note here.

我想在这里做一个简短的说明。

She was cruel to the dog because "cruel to" is mean, not nice.

她对狗很残忍，因为 “残酷的”是卑鄙的，不好的。

Okay?

好的？

Now, you might have said she was rough on the dog, because "rough", remember we talked

现在，你可能会说她很粗暴 狗，因为“粗暴”，记得我们聊过

about was unpleasant, too?

关于也是不愉快的？

She was rough on them, that would be kind of right, but "cruel to" gives more the idea

她对他们很粗暴，那会很糟糕 对，但“残酷的”给了更多的想法

of being not nice.

不好看。

Okay?

好的？

So, some people might have put "rough on", but remember "rough", it would be "tough",

所以，有些人可能会“粗暴地”， 但要记住“粗糙”，这将是“艰难的”，

"rough", "cruel", and if someone is going to take something away from you, and especially

“粗暴”，“残忍”，如果有人要去 带走一些东西，特别是

if it's an alive thing like a dog, you probably have to be cruel because we do call it "animal

如果它像狗一样活着，你可能 必须是残酷的，因为我们称之为“动物

cruelty", not "animal roughness".

残酷的“，不是 “动物粗糙”。

Anyway. Next one.

无论如何。 下一个。

You got that one. Let's do number three.

你有那个。 让我们做第三个。

"The teacher was very __________ her students."

“老师非常 __________她的学生。“

Well, I hope the teacher was like how I hope I'm being with you, which is helpful, because

好吧，我希望老师喜欢我的希望 我和你在一起，这很有帮助，因为

I think she was helpful to her students, and that's why they loved her.

我觉得她对她的学生很有帮助， 这就是他们爱她的原因。

Right?

对？

I don't know if you love me, but you know, it'd be a start.

我不知道你是否爱我 但是你知道，这是一个开始。

We've had this relationship so long.

我们有这个 关系这么久。

And finally: "Her husband is __________ her. He loves her a lot."

最后：“她的丈夫是 __________她。他非常爱她。“

Crazy, crazy for being...

疯狂，为...而疯狂

It's an old song.

这是一首老歌。

Okay.

好的。

Crazy, he was crazy about her.

疯了，他为她疯狂。

Remember we said that funny one where someone's crazy about something, they love it?

请记住，我们说有人的，有趣的 对某事感到疯狂，他们喜欢它吗？

Even though they should be mental.

即使他们 应该是精神上的。

In a way you are.

在某种程度上你是。

When you love something you kind of lose your, what we say, common sense, and you believe

当你爱的东西，你有点失去你， 我们所说的，常识，你相信

in all that is good in the world.

在所有这一切 在世界上很好。

And that belief goes from me to you because I am crazy about you.

而这种信念从我到现在 你因为我为你而疯狂

You come here every week and you give me some reason to come back and see you.

你每周都来这里，你给我 有些理由回来看你。

I hope this video was helpful to you.

我希望这个视频 对你很有帮助。

Okay?

好的？

To show you a little bit different, to give you more of an understanding of prepositions

给你一点点不同，给你 你更多地了解介词

to make the language easier for you so you don't always go: "Why do the English people

使你的语言变得更容易 不要总是说：“为什么英国人呢

say that?"

比如说？”

Now you can go: "I got it!

现在你可以去：“我明白了！

Now I have a deeper understanding, I can use the language better and be more like a native

现在我有了更深刻的理解，我可以使用 语言更好，更像是本地人

speaker."

扬声器。”

And on that note, I want to help you some more, of course, so why don't you go to...?

在那方面，我想帮助你一些 更多，当然，那你为什么不去......？

Subscribe to engVid, which is www dot eng as in video...

订阅engVid，即 www dot eng在视频中......

English, vid as in video.com (www.engvid.com).

英语，视频在video.com中 （www.engvid.com）。

Okay?

好的？

Subscribe somewhere around here, and I'm looking forward to seeing you there.

订阅这里的某个地方，我就是 期待在那见到你。

Okay?

好的？

And as always, thank you very much for being with us this long.

和往常一样，非常感谢你 很久以至于和我们在一起。

Have a good one.

祝你有个好的一天。