English Grammar - Word Endings - What are suffixes?

590,746 views ใƒป 2014-02-09

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Teacher favorites.
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ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใ€‚
00:01
What should we do now?
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ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ในใใ ใ‚ใ†๏ผŸ
00:04
Hi.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚
00:05
James, from EngVid.
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EngVid ใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ
00:07
Looking for classroom stuff because you know we have so much here for you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ“ใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆ•™ๅฎคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™.
00:11
But before I forget, I can't do my job without my favorite pal in the world, Mr. E. And this
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ใงใ‚‚ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆ ใŠใใพใ™ใŒใ€ไธ–็•Œใงไธ€็•ชๅฅฝใใช E ใ•ใ‚“ใชใ—ใงใฏไป•ไบ‹ใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:23
lesson today, actually, guys, it's sort of a lesson that we did before, and it's a second
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ ไปฅๅ‰ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€็ฌฌ 2
00:29
part.
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้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:30
I didn't say it was a second part, but it is.
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็ฌฌไบŒ้ƒจใจใฏ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็ฌฌไบŒ้ƒจ ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:34
You'll go back -- if you go to EngVid, you can see the lesson on prefixes, which funny
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ๅ‰ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚EngVid ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๆŽฅ้ ญ่พžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„
00:38
enough, is the beginning of the word, and this is the end of the word, which are called
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ใ“ใจใซใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ˜่ชžใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
00:44
"suffixes".
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ใ€ŒๆŽฅๅฐพ่พžใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:45
Let's start from the beginning.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:48
What are suffixes?
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ๆŽฅๅฐพ่พžใจใฏ
00:49
Let's go to the board.
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:51
A suffix: "suf" means -- this part of the word here actually means "under".
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ๆŽฅๅฐพ่พž: ใ€Œsufใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณ -- ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€Œไธ‹ใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:56
It means "under" or "lower".
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ใ€Œไธ‹ใ€ใ€Œไธ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
01:01
Why?
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ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ
01:03
When we did prefixes, prefixes meant "before", which meant you put two, three, or five letters
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ๆŽฅ้ ญ่พžใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใŸใจใใ€ๆŽฅ้ ญ่พžใฏใ€Œๅ‰ใ€ ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎๅ‰ใซ 2ใ€3ใ€ใพใŸใฏ 5 ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’็ฝฎใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
01:09
in front of a word.
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ใ€‚
01:10
And that actually changed the meaning of the word if you remember.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅ˜่ชžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
01:13
If we did "do" and "redo", they're not the same meaning.
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ใ€Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚Š็›ดใ™ใ€ใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
01:17
"Do" -- one time, "redo" means "start again".
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"Do" -- 1 ๅ›žใ€"redo" ใฏ "ใ‚„ใ‚Š็›ดใ™" ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
01:21
When we do suffixes, a suffix goes on the end of the word.
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ๆŽฅๅฐพ่พžใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซๆŽฅๅฐพ่พžใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:25
And I'm going to try to explain to you by going here first.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ“ใ“ใซ่กŒใฃใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:28
Grammar suffixes.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆŽฅๅฐพ่พžใ€‚
01:29
You've seen these before.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ‰ใซ่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:31
S, ED, and ING.
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Sใ€EDใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณINGใ€‚
01:35
When we have S -- you know if you see a pronoun ending in S, like -- sorry.
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S ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€S ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:44
A verb, I should say.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:46
"She is", "he goes" -- you know by seeing the S on the end of that verb that that verb
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่กŒใใ€ - ใใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆœซๅฐพใซใ‚ใ‚‹ S ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใฎๅ‹•่ฉž
01:52
is taking on a third person singular.
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ใŒไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:54
In other words, it's talking about a person we don't know, right?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ไบบใฎ่ฉฑ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:59
And it's a singular person.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰น็•ฐใชไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
02:00
So that's the grammar suffix, one letter added on.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆŽฅๅฐพ่พžใงใ€1 ๆ–‡ๅญ—่ฟฝๅŠ  ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:04
When you see ED on the end of the word, you know that that means this verb is in the past.
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ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœซๅฐพใซ ED ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ้ŽๅŽปใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:09
"I watch TV all the time."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:12
"I watched television last night."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ˜จๅคœใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
02:14
"I stopped my car in front of the house."
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ใ€Œๅฎถใฎๅ‰ใซ่ปŠใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
02:18
This is something that happened in the past, not now.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็พๅœจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:21
When we have the third ending you're familiar with, ING, they're used for gerunds.
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ใŠใชใ˜ใฟใฎ ING ใจใ„ใ† 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚จใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:28
And you know the gerund has three uses: It's either a present participle -- working, talking,
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใซใฏ 3 ใคใฎ็”จๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
02:34
singing; an adjective -- a climbing tree or a swimming pool; or just a noun -- cooking.
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ใ€‚ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉž -- ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒ„ใƒชใƒผ ใพใŸใฏใ‚นใ‚คใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒ—ใƒผใƒซใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๅ่ฉž - ๆ–™็†ใ€‚
02:43
Yeah, I know.
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ใˆใˆใ€็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:44
All end in ING, but they have three different functions.
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ใ™ในใฆ ING ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ๆฉŸ่ƒฝใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:47
Well, these are examples of suffixes -- letters at the end of the word that change the class
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆŽฅๅฐพ่พžใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ -- ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœซๅฐพใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚น
02:54
or the verb function, you might say, or the grammar function.
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ใ‚„ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ€ใพใŸใฏ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:59
But it doesn't actually change the meaning of the word.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
03:02
"Swim", "swimming" -- similar.
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ใ€Œๆณณใใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆณณใใ€ใ€ไผผใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:04
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:05
Now, how do I explain this?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใ†่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
03:06
Well, when we do this, we do the same thing here, which is grammar, specifically, but
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใงใ™ใŒใ€
03:11
now, we can change the word class.
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ไปŠๅบฆใฏๅ˜่ชžใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:13
What I mean is going from -- this is just changing a verb.
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ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:16
We're actually going to change the class from, maybe, a noun to an adjective or an adverb,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚น ใ‚’ๅ่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—
03:23
okay?
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:24
With me so far?
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ใ“ใ“ใพใง็งใจ๏ผŸ
03:25
It's easy.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:26
We're going to add a few letters at the end of the word, and it will change what type
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ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœซๅฐพใซๆ•ฐๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ ใจใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎ็จฎ้กžใŒ
03:29
of word it is.
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ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:30
Is it a noun?
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ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:32
Is it a verb?
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:33
Is it an adverb?
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:34
Is it an adjective?
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:35
That's it.
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ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚
03:36
And by doing these -- adding some of these, that's how we do it in English.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ  ใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่กŒใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:41
Excuse me.
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ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:42
So let's take a look.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:45
These are the top three that you'll find in English.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚‹ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ— 3 ใงใ™ ใ€‚
03:49
On the last video, at the end of the video, I told you, like, we don't use these for 95
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ๅ‰ๅ›žใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใง ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ 95% ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„
03:52
percent, so I'll fix this now.
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ใฎใงใ€ไปŠใ™ใไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:55
These are the most common, and what I mean by "common" is "most useful for you."
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใ€Œไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใ€ใจใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
03:58
There are many other suffixes.
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ไป–ใซใ‚‚ๅคšใใฎๆŽฅๅฐพ่พžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:01
But these are most useful for you to kind of figure out or understand words that you'll
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
04:08
see because this will tell you what's, basically, the meaning.
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ใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ‚Š็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ .
04:11
So I'm going to help you with what the meaning is and how it changes it.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใชใฎใ‹ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:16
So you can look at words and kind of go, "Okay, this must be a noun because I see this ending.
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
04:20
Or this must be an adjective."
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:22
Sound cool?
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ใ‚ฏใƒผใƒซใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:23
Let's go to the board.
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:24
Mr. E, help me with the class.
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Eๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ๆŽˆๆฅญใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:27
It's a joke.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ†—่ซ‡ใ ใ€‚
04:28
See, you're the class now and "word class".
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๅ˜่ชžใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:31
Anyway.
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ใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€‚
04:32
The first one we're going to look at is MENT, m-e-n-t.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใฎใฏ MENT, m-e-n-t ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:35
"Government", "improvement", all right?
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ใ€Œๆ”ฟๅบœใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆ”นๅ–„ใ€ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:39
When we add MENT to the end of a word, it's used to make nouns.
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ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœซๅฐพใซ MENT ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:42
So what you'll see is this added to a word becomes a noun.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ˜่ชžใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ใจๅ่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:46
And what does it mean?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:48
Well, it means an action or process.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใพใŸใฏใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:50
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:51
So we talk about government, you think, "Okay, now, it's the people, like the president -- President
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ€ใ€Œใ•ใฆ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไบบใ€…ใงใ™-
04:57
Obama, President Reagan, Prime Minister Harper."
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ใ‚ชใƒใƒžๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใ€ใƒฌใƒผใ‚ฌใƒณๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใ€ใƒใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผ้ฆ–็›ธใ€ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:59
Yeah, I like him.
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ใˆใˆใ€็งใฏๅฝผใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
05:03
Anyway.
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ใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€‚
05:04
Sorry.
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:05
It's a process.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
05:06
So we talk about government is helping the people.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœใŒไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ฉฑใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:08
That's what they do when they govern.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็ตฑๆฒปใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:10
When we put MENT in, we talk about the institution or the group of people that help the People.
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็งใŸใกใŒMENTใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ ใ€ไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ๆฉŸ้–ขใ‚„ไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:15
Cool?
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ๆถผใ—ใ„๏ผŸ
05:16
So "governing" the verb means to help the People; "government" is the group of people
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ใ€Œ็ตฑๆฒปใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ”ฟๅบœใ€ใจใฏใ€
05:21
or institution of people that help the People.
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ไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใพใŸใฏไบบใ€…ใฎๆฉŸ้–ขใงใ™ใ€‚
05:25
That's one example.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:26
But let's look here, okay?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:27
So we know it's a process or an action, which is when it happens, because we're taking a
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใง ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—
05:31
verb and adding this ending to make it a noun, something we can touch, okay?
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ใฆใ“ใฎ่ชžๅฐพใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆๅ่ฉžใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:35
I'm going to give you a word you've probably heard before, or hopefully you don't have
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใไปฅๅ‰ใซ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใฎใ‚ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ ใ€ใพใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅคšใใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„
05:40
many of them, but you know what they are: argue.
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:43
"To argue" something, as a verb, is to try to prove something is true.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œไธปๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จผๆ˜Žใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:49
Or when two people fight -- but not physically, verbal, "verbal" meaning with your mouth -- they
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ใพใŸใฏใ€2 ไบบใŒๅ–งๅ˜ฉใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ (็‰ฉ็†็š„ใ€ ๅฃ้ ญใ€ใ€Œๅฃ้ ญใงใฎใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใง
05:54
fight with each other, like, "I don't agree.
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ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“)ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใŠไบ’ใ„ใซๅ–งๅ˜ฉใ—
05:56
You agree."
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:57
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:58
So you put forth, or we say -- you say you give an argument.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธปๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ็งใŸใกใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ - ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:01
What you think is true is your argument.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธปๅผตใงใ™ใ€‚
06:03
We also do it in essays on paper.
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็ด™ใฎใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใงใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:05
They call it a "thesis", but what is your argument?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธปๅผตใฏไฝ• ใงใ™ใ‹?
06:08
Your idea you think is true that you want to compete or fight with other people's argument.
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ไป–ใฎไบบใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใจ็ซถไบ‰ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไบ‰ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่€ƒใˆใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚
06:13
See, that's a process, right?
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:16
I say, you say, he says, you say.
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็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ€ๅฝผใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ€‚
06:18
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:19
So it's the process or action of not agreeing with each other or verbal fight.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใŠไบ’ใ„ใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใชใ„ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ ใพใŸใฏๅฃ่ซ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:24
So then, you say to me, "Well, what is an 'argument'?"
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ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ ใ€Œ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ€ใฃใฆไฝ•๏ผŸ
06:27
Well, an argument is, as I said, it could be just that, an idea that you think this
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ใˆใˆใจใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่ญฐ่ซ–ใจใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใ ใจใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹่€ƒใˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ
06:32
is true.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
06:33
This is my argument, my thought.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎไธปๅผตใ€็งใฎ่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚
06:35
So you're not actually doing it.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:36
That's the argument.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ญฐ่ซ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:38
Or you could have that verbal fight.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅฃ้ ญใงใฎๆˆฆใ„ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:40
You say they're having an argument because it's a process; it's ongoing; they're doing
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้€ฒ่กŒไธญใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃ
06:44
it; and you can see them fighting, like, "I don't agree!
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆˆฆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ็ง ใฏๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“!
06:46
Blah, blah, blah!
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ไฝ•ใจใ‹ไฝ•ใจใ‹ไฝ•ใจใ‹!
06:47
Blah, blah, blah!
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ไฝ•ใจใ‹ไฝ•ใจใ‹ไฝ•ใจใ‹
06:48
You should wear blue socks!"
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! ้’ใ„้ดไธ‹ใ‚’ๅฑฅใในใใงใ™!ใ€
06:49
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
06:50
That's a verbal fight.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆˆฆใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:51
And you say, "But it's an argument.
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ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ญฐ่ซ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:52
It's one form of communication.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎ 1 ใคใฎๅฝขๅผใงใ™ใ€‚
06:54
And it's a particular form at that time, okay?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใฎๆ™‚็‚นใงใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅฝขๅผใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
06:57
So here's a process, argue.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใพใ™
06:59
An "argument" is when one group of people are fighting or an idea you want to prove
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ใ€‚ใ€Œ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎไบบใ€… ใŒไบ‰ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ่จผๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ„ใฎ
07:03
is true, all right?
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ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ
07:06
What else can we say?
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? ไป–ใซไฝ•ใŒ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‹
07:07
I'll give you another one.
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? ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
07:09
Encourage.
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ๅŠฑใพใ™.
07:10
Encourage.
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ๅŠฑใพใ™.
07:11
It comes from the French, "en", "to put in"; and "courage" -- for the heart, all right?
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใฎใ€Œenใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ‹‡ๆฐ—ใ€ใซ็”ฑๆฅใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟƒใงใ™
07:16
So you encourage somebody; you motivate them.
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ใ‚ˆใญ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅ‹‡ๆฐ—ใฅใ‘ใพใ™ ใ‚„ใ‚‹ๆฐ—ใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ•ใ›ใพใ™
07:19
And to "motivate" them means to say or do things to make them feel that they can do
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚‹ๆฐ—ใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ็™บ่จ€ใ—ใŸใ‚Š่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
07:23
it.
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07:24
As Obama would say, "Yes, we can."
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ใพใ™ ใ‚ชใƒใƒžใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€ŒYes, we can.ใ€
07:26
Okay?
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?
07:27
"You can, too, with EngVid."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใ€EngVid ใงใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:28
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
07:29
So you encourage somebody, all right?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅŠฑใพใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
07:31
You say, "Yeah!
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€Œใ†ใ‚“!
07:32
You can do it!
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ใ‚ใชใŸใชใ‚‰ใงใใ‚‹๏ผ
07:33
Come on!
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ๆฅใฆ๏ผ
07:34
Yay!"
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07:35
All right?
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07:36
"Encourage".
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ใ€ŒๅŠฑใพใ™ใ€.
07:37
Now, that's the verb.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™.
07:38
"Encouragement" may be what you do.
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ใ€ŒๅŠฑใพใ™ใ€ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
07:39
You go, "Are you going to encourage your son to go to law school?"
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่กŒใใพใ™,ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆฏๅญใซใƒญ ใƒผใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒผใƒซใซ่กŒใใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ‹งใ‚ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹?
07:42
"Well, yeah."
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07:43
"Well, what are you going to give him for encouragement?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚’ ๅŠฑใพใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:45
Will it be words?
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่จ€่‘‰ใซใชใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
07:46
Will it be a book?
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ๆœฌใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:47
Will it be the money?
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใŠ้‡‘ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:48
The money?
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ใŠ้‡‘๏ผŸ
07:50
The money?
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ใŠ้‡‘๏ผŸ
07:51
Yeah.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:52
Give him the money.
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ๅฝผใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:53
That encourages people.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไบบใ‚’ๅ‹‡ๆฐ—ใฅใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:54
It motivates."
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07:55
So an "encouragement" would be similar.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ŒๅŠฑใพใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™
07:56
It would be, you know -- encouragement could be the words you give to someone to make them
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ใ€‚ๅŠฑใพใ— ใจใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไธŽใˆใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ
08:00
want to do it or something you give them like a book or a pen, right?
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ๆœฌใ‚„ใƒšใƒณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใญใ€‚ ?
08:05
And "to encourage" is the verb.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€ŒๅŠฑใพใ™ใ€ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™.
08:07
So that's another example of how MENT is used to show a process or action.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใ‚„ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ MENT ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ .
08:12
That was number one.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไธ€็•ชใงใ—
08:14
Let's go down.
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ใŸ. ไธ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
08:15
Mr. E are you ready for ANCE?
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Mr. E ใฏ ANCE ใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
08:17
Sometimes, ANCE has an E. I put a little E there because it might be like this.
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ANCE ใซใฏ E ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ . ใ“ใ“ใซๅฐใ•ใช E ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใฎใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ
08:21
It might look like this, okay?
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™. ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใญ.
08:22
Now, this is because there is a Latin -- it comes from the Latin language.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒฉใƒ†ใƒณ่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™. ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒฉใƒ†ใƒณ่ชžใซ ็”ฑๆฅใ—ใพใ™
08:27
And there aren't really -- there isn't really a rule I can give you to tell you why ENCE
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. ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ใ€Œ ใชใœ ENCE ใ‚„ ANCE ใชใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹่ฆๅ‰‡ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
08:31
or ANCE.
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08:32
And I'm very sorry about that.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅคงๅค‰็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:33
I did look.
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็งใฏ่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:35
I'm only human.
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็งใฏใŸใ ใฎไบบ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:37
But you should be aware it could be spelled either this way or that way.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใคใฅใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใกใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใคใฅใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:40
Okay?
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹
08:41
Once again, similar to MENT, it's used to make nouns.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ MENT ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใฎใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œ
08:43
And the meaning is also similar, very similar.
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ใพใ™ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ ้žๅธธใซไผผใฆใ„
08:47
Because especially when we do nouns, a lot of nouns just describe action.
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ใพใ™ ็‰นใซๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใ ๅคšใ ใฎๅ่ฉžใฏๅ˜ใซๅ‹•ไฝœใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘
08:51
Well, when we say something like, "law", you know, "the law", to be practicing law -- a
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€Œๆณ•ๅพ‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆณ•ๅพ‹ใ€ใ€ๆณ•ๅพ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ -
08:57
lawyer is the person that practices the law.
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ๅผ่ญทๅฃซใฏๆณ•ๅพ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
09:00
See?
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
09:01
That's another suffix.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅˆฅใฎๆŽฅๅฐพ่พžใงใ™ใ€‚
09:02
ER usually means person or thing that does something.
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ER ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใพใŸใฏ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:05
So it's not a surprise that we add these suffixes on, and they take -- they come from actions
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆŽฅๅฐพ่พžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้ฉšใใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰
09:11
or processes or "processes" depending on where you live.
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ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใ€ใซ็”ฑๆฅใ— ใพใ™.
09:14
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:15
So in this case, we're going to look at this one.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:20
This one is used to make action or process -- but it also talks about a state or quality.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚„ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใŒใ€็Šถๆ…‹ใ‚„่ณชใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:24
I picked this very weird word for a reason because it expresses a state or quality.
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ใ“ใฎ้žๅธธใซๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’้ธใ‚“ ใ ็†็”ฑใฏใ€็Šถๆ…‹ใพใŸใฏๅ“่ณชใ‚’่กจใ™ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:29
I didn't want to talk about action or process; I wanted to show you this because for some
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚„ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎ
09:34
of you, you're going to say, "Teacher, what is a 'state' or 'quality'?"
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ ใ€ใ€Œ็Šถๆ…‹ใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œ่ณชใ€ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:37
A "state" is -- think of love.
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ใ€Œ็Šถๆ…‹ใ€ใจใฏใƒปใƒปใƒปๆ„›ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:41
When you love someone, it's not an action you do, but it's where you exist.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆ„›ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใ‚‹่กŒๅ‹•ใง ใฏใชใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™.
09:45
Now, we're getting very deep.
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ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้žๅธธใซๆทฑใใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:47
It's gone from English to...
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‹ใ‚‰...
09:49
PhilosoVid?
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PhilosoVid ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
09:50
That's it!
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ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„๏ผ
09:51
The new one, PhilosoVid.
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ€PhilosoVidใ€‚
09:54
All right, anyway.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
09:56
So I needed a word to show you this.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ่จ€่‘‰ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ—ใŸ.
09:59
Now, for some of you, if you're religious -- or if not religious, you love your sports
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใซใจใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฎ—ๆ•™็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใพใŸใฏๅฎ—ๆ•™็š„ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใŒๅคงๅฅฝใ
10:07
stars, right?
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ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
10:09
Like Mike Tyson, Muhammad Ali, you hold them in great -- you revere them.
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ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒปใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚ฝใƒณใ‚„ใƒขใƒใƒกใƒ‰ใƒปใ‚ขใƒชใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:13
Or even political leaders or generals, right?
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ๆ”ฟๆฒปๆŒ‡ๅฐŽ่€…ใ‚„ๅฐ†่ปใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:16
You hold them in great esteem or revere, meaning respect.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅคงใ„ใซๅฐŠ้‡ใ—ใ€ๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:19
You hold them and think you give them great respect.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆŠฑใใ—ใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๅคงใใชๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:21
You can say you "revere" something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ€ŒๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
10:23
Or even an idea.
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ใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ•ใˆใ€‚
10:24
Freedom.
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ใƒ•ใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒ ใ€‚
10:25
God, I'm going crazy.
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็ฅžๆง˜ใ€็งใฏๆฐ—ใŒ็‹‚ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:27
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:28
But when we have "reverence" for something, all right, it's the quality of having this
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€Œ็•ๆ•ฌใฎๅฟตใ€ใ‚’
10:34
belief or this great respect for something.
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ๆŠฑใใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎไฟกๅฟตใพใŸใฏใ“ใฎๅคงใใชๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ่ณชใงใ™.
10:36
So "revere" is to have great respect; "reverence" is to be in the state of having it for something
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅคงใใชๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็•ๆ•ฌใ€ ใจใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚„่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็Šถๆ…‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
10:44
or someone.
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ใ€‚
10:45
You know, "Show reverence for the flag."
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œๆ——ใซๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
10:47
So you see the flag; every time you salute, and you wait for a few seconds for all the
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚ฐใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ•ฌ็คผใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใณ
10:51
people who fight for the flag.
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ใซใ€ๆ——ใฎใŸใ‚ใซๆˆฆใ†ใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๆ•ฐ็ง’้–“ๅพ…ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
10:53
Yes.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚
10:54
Show your reverence -- a state of respect, okay?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ - ๆ•ฌๆ„ใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:58
You like that one?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:59
Me too.
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็งใ‚‚ใ€‚
11:00
There's another one called "deference" and "defer".
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ใ€Œๆœๅพ“ใ€ใจใ€ŒๅปถๆœŸใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:04
I'll do it quickly.
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ๆ—ฉใใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:08
When you have "deference" for someone, you say you have superior position to me, and
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใซใ€Œๆ•ฌๆ„ใ€ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸ็ซ‹ๅ ดใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใ€็งใฏ
11:14
I show this by letting you go first.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใซๆ‰‹ๆ”พใ™ใ“ใจใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™.
11:16
So in deference to someone, you're literally saying, or you're saying, "They are better
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ„ชใ‚Œ
11:21
and know more.
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ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
11:22
I step out of the way."
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ใ€‚็งใฏ้‚ช้ญ”ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:23
This is a similar state of saying there's a state of respect for someone who is in a
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ใ„ๅœฐไฝใซใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๆ•ฌๆ„ใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใช็Šถๆ…‹
11:28
higher position, and I show this by stepping aside.
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ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ ่„‡ใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆ็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:31
"Deferring" is like when I defer to my colleague or defer to my worker.
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ใ€ŒๅปถๆœŸใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅŒๅƒšใซ ไปปใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใซไปปใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:35
I'm actually doing the action of stepping out of the way to give them a place.
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็งใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๅฑ…ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ้‚ช้ญ”ใซใชใ‚‰ใชใ„่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
11:40
"I will defer to you."
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ใ€ŒใŠไปปใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
11:41
I'm saying, "You know more, so I will listen to you."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:45
Showing "deference" is here, "I show, I listen to you in great reverence and deference."
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œๆ•ฌๆ„ใ€ใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€็ง ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅคงใใชๆ•ฌๆ„ใจๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใพใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:50
Those are two big words.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ2ใคใฎๅคงใใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:52
Good luck with that.
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้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:54
That's for those students that go, "I like your lessons, but it's too easy."
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๅฅฝใใ ใ‘ใฉใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅญฆ็”Ÿๅ‘ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:57
Yeah.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:59
Use those in a sentence right now.
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ไปŠใ™ใๆ–‡ใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
12:01
Who do you show deference to or reverence?
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่ชฐใซๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’่กจใ—ใŸใ‚ŠๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
12:03
And do they mean the same thing?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:04
I already told you they don't.
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็งใฏใ™ใงใซใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚
12:07
On the quiz, for sure.
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใงใ€็ขบใ‹ใซใ€‚
12:09
And now, number three.
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€3็•ช็›ฎใ€‚
12:12
ABLE.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
12:14
Cain and Abel -- not related, okay?
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ใ‚ซใ‚คใƒณใจใ‚ขใƒ™ใƒซ -- ่ก€็ธ้–ขไฟ‚ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
12:17
Not related.
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้–ขไฟ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
12:18
But I wanted to show you something a little bit different.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ›ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
12:21
I've showed you -- or shown you, sorry.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใพใ—ใŸ-ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:24
I've shown you how MENT and ANCE change words into nouns.
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MENT ใจ ANCE ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅ่ฉžใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
12:27
And I don't want you to think that this is all that suffixes do.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ๆŽฅๅฐพ่พžใฎใ™ในใฆใ ใจๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:32
But I gave you two strong cases to help you remember this is what they're going to generally
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€2ใคใฎๅผทๅŠ›ใชใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
12:36
do.
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.
12:37
But I have one more case.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:38
And this is ABLE and IBLE.
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚ŒใŒABLEใจIBLEใงใ™ใ€‚
12:40
But what they do is something different.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹้•ใ†ใ€‚
12:42
When they're used at the end as a suffix, they create adjectives.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซๆŽฅๅฐพ่พžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:47
They make a word an adjective.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:49
And in this specific case, what I want to talk about is how they change a word into
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใงใ€็งใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใฎ ใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆ่จ€่‘‰
12:53
making something worthy, which means it is good -- similar to "good for".
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ใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‹ไพกๅ€คใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ ใ‚‚ใฎใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
13:00
But if you're "worth" something, it has value.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซใ€Œไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใซใฏไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:02
When something is "worthy", it has value enough for something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ€Œไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅๅˆ†ใชไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
13:05
If somebody is "worthy of you" or "worthy for you", basically, what we're saying is
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใซใตใ•ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใซใตใ•ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ€ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
13:09
they have enough value that you can maintain a relationship with them.
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใใฎไบบใจใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅๅˆ†ใชไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™.
13:13
If you say, "This is not worthy of me", it does not have enough value that we should
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใตใ•ใ‚ใ—ใใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ ใ€็งใŸใกใŒไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใ‚‹ไพกๅ€คใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
13:17
be together.
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.
13:18
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:19
Or "good for", like "good for you".
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œgood forใ€ใ€ใ€Œgood for youใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
13:21
So if I may, and if you can give me a second, I want to do this last one before we move,
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ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ™ๅ‰ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒ
13:27
all right?
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ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:28
Let's talk about the word "love".
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ใ€Œๆ„›ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:29
Love is -- well, it's deep.
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ๆ„›ใฏโ€•โ€•ใพใ‚ใ€ๆทฑใ„ใ€‚
13:31
Deep, deep, deep like my voice.
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ๆทฑใใ€ๆทฑใใ€็งใฎๅฃฐใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
13:35
Barry White is deep.
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ใƒใƒชใƒผใƒปใƒ›ใƒฏใ‚คใƒˆใฏๆทฑใ„ใ€‚
13:37
It's deep, romantic, and/or sexual feeling.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆทฑใใ€ใƒญใƒžใƒณใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ€ใใ—ใฆ/ใพใŸใฏๆ€ง็š„ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:40
"Sexual feeling.
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ใ€Œๆ€ง็š„ๆ„Ÿ่ฆš
13:42
When I get the --" yeah.
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ใ€‚็งใŒๅพ—ใŸใจใ-ใ€ใˆใˆใ€‚
13:43
You get it.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ€‚
13:44
You understand.
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ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:45
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
13:46
So when you say somebody is "lovable", what you're really saying is "they are worthy of
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œๆ„›ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ„›ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใซๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
13:53
love".
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ใ€‚
13:54
"They are not lovable" -- they do not deserve, or they should not be loved.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ„›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ - ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๆ„›ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใซๅ€คใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ„›ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
13:58
"They are lovable" -- "Oh, so lovable, so cute, look at my little puppy!
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ„›ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€-ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ„›ใ‚‰ใ—ใใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใ€็งใฎๅฐใ•ใชๅญ็Šฌใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„!
14:01
He's so cute!"
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ๅฝผใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™!ใ€
14:02
It's worthy.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:03
It has the value to be loved.
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ๆ„›ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:04
And that's what ABLE means here, right?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ“ใ“ใงใฎใ‚จใ‚คใƒ–ใƒซใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:06
So it's an adjective.
309
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
14:08
We say, "lovable kitten, lovable puppy.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ„›ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅญ็Œซใ€ๆ„›ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅญ็Šฌใงใ™
14:12
Right?
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:13
Lovable desktop, laptop computer."
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ๆ„›ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ‡ใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ— ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:15
No.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€
14:16
You don't say that, Son, but that's the next word I'm going to teach you, "enjoyable",
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ€ๆฏๅญใ€ใงใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใฏ ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๆ•™ใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆฌกใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€ใ€Œๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ€
14:20
okay?
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ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:21
So we can also say this to use the "good for" as in "enjoyable".
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œ่‰ฏใ„ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚่จ€ใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:25
"To enjoy" is to get pleasure -- "pleasure" meaning happiness from something.
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ใ€Œๆฅฝใ—ใ‚€ใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅ–œใณใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๅ–œใณใ€ใจใฏ ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅนธใ›ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
14:29
If you enjoy it, it gives you happiness or pleasure, right?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚€ใจใ€ๅนธใ›ใ‚„ๅ–œใณใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:33
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
14:34
So when we say something is "enjoyable", it means it's good for fun.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ€Œenjoyableใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
14:37
"That's an enjoyable book."
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆœฌใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
14:39
It's not that it's got value -- "It's valuable.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ
14:42
It's worthy of you because it is like you and fantastic!"
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ไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
14:45
No.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€
14:46
It means it's good for fun.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:47
It's an enjoyable book.
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ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆœฌใงใ™ใ€‚
14:48
It's good for fun.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:49
It's good for happiness or for pleasure.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅนธใ›ใงใ‚‚ๅ–œใณใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:51
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
14:52
So when you have it here -- I know I don't have it, but I gave you one visually.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใ“ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฆ–่ฆš็š„ใซไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸ.
14:56
I'm giving you one audio -- auditory, auditory speech.
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้Ÿณๅฃฐใ‚’ 1 ใคๅทฎใ—ไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚่ด่ฆšใ€่ด่ฆš ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใ™ใ€‚
15:01
Why?
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ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ
15:02
Because there are different forms of learning.
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ใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใชๅญฆใณๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:04
Visual is one -- I write for you.
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ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใฏ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:07
I speak.
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็งใฏ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:08
You need to, when you practice your English, not just always have it written down for you.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ ๅธธใซๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:13
You have to learn to capture the information through listening.
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่žใใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆ‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใฐใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
15:15
I've got at least two videos on listening skills, and you have to practice them on this
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
15:20
lesson.
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ใ€‚
15:21
As I said, some of you complain that it's too easy.
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็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธญใซใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใจไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
15:23
Well, now, it's a bit hard.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅคงๅค‰ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
15:26
They're here.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆฅใŸใ€‚
15:27
The information's here.
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ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:28
If you're not listening, you're not catching.
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่žใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:29
If you're not looking, you're not catching.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ•ใพใˆใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:30
I'm giving you some serious vocabulary; I mean serious.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆทฑๅˆปใช่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็œŸๅ‰ฃใงใ™ใ€‚
15:35
Sorry.
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:36
And some serious humor.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆทฑๅˆปใชใƒฆใƒผใƒขใ‚ขใ€‚
15:37
Anyway.
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ใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€‚
15:38
All right, E?
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€E๏ผŸ
15:39
So I gave you three of the most useful -- listen carefully because those of you out there who
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆœ‰็”จใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’3ใคไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸ.
15:45
go, "Oh, but what about 'ness', and what about 'ly', and what about --" I know.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใงใ‚‚ใ€Œnessใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ ใ€Œlyใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹?
15:48
I've got some other videos -- I already checked -- that have some of those endings.
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็งใฏไป–ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ - ็งใฏใ™ใงใซใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ—ใŸ - ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚จใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
15:52
These are the three most useful because they will appear a lot, and they're going to let
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 3 ใคใฏ้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸ
15:56
you know that it's adjective or noun, action and process.
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ใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅ่ฉžใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:00
Boom.
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ใƒ–ใƒผใƒ ใ€‚
16:01
I helped you out, okay?
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:02
So we've got that.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:03
I gave you "enjoyable", "lovable".
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ใ€Œๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ€ใ€Œๆ„›ใŠใ—ใ„ใ€ใ‚’่ดˆใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:04
I gave you "revere" and "defer".
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ€ŒๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ€ใจใ€ŒๅปถๆœŸใ€ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:07
See?
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
16:08
I hope you're listening, okay?
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่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:10
I gave you "argument", and what's the other one I gave you besides "argue"?
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ€Œ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ€ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆ ใ€Œ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ€ไปฅๅค–ใซ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซไธŽใˆใŸใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
16:13
"Argument" and -- did we do "enjoyment"?
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ใ€Œ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ€ใจใ€Œๆฅฝใ—ใฟใ€ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
16:16
Did I forget "enjoyment"?
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ใ€Œๆฅฝใ—ใฟใ€ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸ๏ผŸ
16:18
I forgot "enjoyment".
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ใ€Œๆฅฝใ—ใฟใ€ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:20
That's my fault.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎใ›ใ„ใ ใ€‚
16:22
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
16:23
"Enjoyment".
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"ๆฅฝใ—ใฟ"ใ€‚
16:24
Similar to this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:25
"To enjoy" is to get fun or -- similar to being -- you got it.
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ใ€Œๆฅฝใ—ใ‚€ใ€ใจใฏใ€ ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚€ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
16:30
Anyway.
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ใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€‚
16:31
When we talk about someone's enjoyment -- oh, no.
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็งใŸใกใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ - ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ ใ„ใ‚„ใ€‚
16:33
I did give you the second one.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ2็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:35
I forgot.
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ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใฆใŸใ€‚
16:36
I lied.
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็งใฏๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใŸใ€‚
16:37
It's up to you to go back in the video and figure out what the second one was here.
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใซๆˆปใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚ใชใŸๆฌก็ฌฌใงใ™ใ€‚
16:39
Yeah.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:40
See?
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
16:41
I'm making stuff up just to make you happy.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅนธใ›ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ ใ‘ใซ็‰ฉใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:42
No more of that.
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ใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:43
You earn -- you have to earn my respect.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็จผใ - ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:44
You have to be worthy of my love.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎๆ„›ใซๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:46
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
16:47
Anyway.
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ใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€‚
16:48
To go through it quickly but not so quickly.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใฐใ‚„ใ้€š้Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉ้€Ÿใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:51
We have two sets or two classes of suffixes.
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ๆŽฅๅฐพ่พžใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใพใŸใฏ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:55
The first one, you should be familiar with if you've done any grammar at all.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใงใ‚‚ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
16:58
These are the grammar suffixes.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๆŽฅๅฐพ่พžใงใ™ใ€‚
17:00
They are grammar function.
390
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•้–ขๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
17:02
S -- talking about the third person.
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S -- ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐใฎ่ฉฑใ€‚
17:03
ED -- talking about the simple past.
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ED -- ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:05
ING -- which leads to gerunds.
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ING -- ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใซใคใชใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:07
And in gerunds, we're talking about nouns, adjectives, and present participle, okay?
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใงใฏใ€ๅ่ฉžใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€็พๅœจๅˆ†่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใญใ€‚
17:12
Then we talked about the second class of suffixes, which change the class of a word.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๆŽฅๅฐพ่พžใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
17:16
And we did that here looking at -- we were taking verbs and making them adjectives, right?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸ - ็งใŸใกใฏ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใญ?
17:21
"Enjoyable" or "love".
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ใ€Œๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€Œๅฅฝใใ€ใจใ‹ใ€‚
17:23
And we took verbs over here and made them nouns.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใฆ ๅ่ฉžใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:26
Similar in meaning, but we change the actual class.
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:29
And this is good to know for (a) what the word means, and (b) how to use it properly
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€(a) ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใจใ€(b) ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใง้ฉๅˆ‡ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎ
17:34
in context.
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ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
17:35
And that's what we mean by "properly" in your sentence and in your language, okay?
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡ใจใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€่ชžใงใ€Œ้ฉๅˆ‡ใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
17:41
So this is part two of prefixes is suffixes.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒ—ใƒฌใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใจใ‚ตใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 2 ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:45
It wasn't listed as part two.
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ2ใจใ—ใฆใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:46
But if you know the beginning, which is prefix for "pre", you should know the end, which
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œpreใ€ใฎๆŽฅ้ ญ่พžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰
17:51
is "suf", "suf" for "end".
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ใ€ใ€Œ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใฎใ€Œsufใ€ใ€ใ€Œsufใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
17:53
See?
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
17:54
Cool, right?
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ใ‹ใฃใ“ใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡๏ผŸ
17:55
Like a Bond movie.
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ใƒœใƒณใƒ‰ๆ˜ ็”ปใฟใŸใ„ใ€‚
17:56
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
17:58
Thank you very much.
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ใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:59
Mr. E, of course, it's always been -- well, you are number one in my heart.
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Eใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใใ† ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎๅฟƒใฎไธญใงไธ€็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
18:02
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
18:03
I hope this has been enjoyable for you.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:05
I'm going to wrap this up, okay?
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:07
Anyway.
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ใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€‚
18:08
No argument.
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ๅผ•ๆ•ฐใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:09
This has been a valuable lesson.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ฒด้‡ใชๆ•™่จ“ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:11
And I'm sure you'll show the proper reverence when you finish and do the quiz, all right?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใฆใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ฉๅˆ‡ใชๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’็คบใ™ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:16
Have a good one.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
18:17
We'll see you soon.
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ใพใŸไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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