Adjective endings - ING or ED?

240,686 views ใƒป 2012-08-31

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, James from engVid. How are you? Normally I read a newspaper, as you know, but today
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€engVid ใฎ James ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆ™ฎๆฎต ใฏๆ–ฐ่žใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
00:13
I'm reading the engVid lesson plans. The engVid manual for all the lessons that we'll teach,
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ engVid ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒณใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ€
00:19
we have taught, and will teach. You can order these right now. It's called 1-800-MAKE-JAMES-RICH.
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ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎengVidใƒžใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไปŠใ™ใๆณจๆ–‡ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ 1-800-MAKE-JAMES-RICH ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:25
Okay, so, just joking, but you can order it. Try. Here's where we're going to do a lesson
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ†—่ซ‡ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆณจๆ–‡ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฉฆใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ่ชฌๆ˜Žใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™
00:31
today on description. I am thinking that you found me very interesting when I started this
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ใ€‚ ็ง ใŒใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŒใจใฆใ‚‚้ข็™ฝใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:37
lesson. Some of you will be very interested, and you're probably going, "What's the difference
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ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบ ใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ—ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ
00:43
between 'interesting' and 'interested' or 'bored' and 'boring'?" Now, I'm going to give
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ใ€Œใ€Ž้ข็™ฝใ„ใ€ใจใ€Ž่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใ€Ž้€€ๅฑˆใ€ใจใ€Žใคใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใ ใ‚ใ†?ใ€ใจๆ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง
00:47
you a general lesson, but if you want to know more about 'bored' and 'boring', we have one
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ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€Œ้€€ๅฑˆใ€ใจใ€Œ้€€ๅฑˆใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
00:51
on the engVid. Oopsie. It's in the manual. Go to the website. You'll find a lesson specifically
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ใฏใ€engVid ใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใŠใฃใจใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใƒžใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:56
on 'bored' and 'boring'. But I will give you the general way of looking at it, because
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็‰นใซใ€Œ้€€ๅฑˆใ€ใจใ€Œ้€€ๅฑˆใ€ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
01:00
many students don't know the difference between why on an adjective ending we use -ed or -ing.
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ใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฎ่ชžๅฐพใงใชใœ -ed ใจ -ing ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ฆ‹ๆ–นใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:07
They get confused. Is he boring or is he bored? Today, I'm going to clear that up for you.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆททไนฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ้€€ๅฑˆใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚้€€ๅฑˆใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’็‰‡ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:14
Clear that up means make it easy for you to understand.
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ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ† ใ“ใจใฏใ€็†่งฃใ‚’ๅฎนๆ˜“ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:18
So first things we have to look at is it's an adjective ending, but these are formed
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่ฆ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใฏ ใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฎ่ชžๅฐพใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
01:24
from verbs. So we'll have a verb word like "bored", "tired", "excited", but then they
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝขๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้€€ๅฑˆใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใŸใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰
01:32
will be used in a way to describe, and that's what they do. They describe a noun or actually
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ใฏ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ่ฉžใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฎŸ้š›
01:38
what the noun is receiving or feeling or doing, right? The action of the noun or what the
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ใซๅ่ฉžใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ— ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‹•ไฝœใ€ใพใŸใฏ
01:44
noun has received. And what we're going to do is go through each one, and I'm going to
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ๅ่ฉžใŒๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒ ใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹
01:48
give you the grammar points to help you as well to further your learning. So this lesson
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ใฆใ„ใใ€ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้€ฒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™ . ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ
01:52
could be for a beginner. You'll learn this. And intermediate and advanced, we'll go further.
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ใฏๅˆๅฟƒ่€…ๅ‘ใ‘ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธญ็ดš่€…ใจไธŠ็ดš่€…ใฏใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
01:58
So let's start off with the easy one. We'll start off with the -ed. -ed means past tense.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ -ed ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ -ed ใฏ้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:06
Past tense means something is finished. Stopped, worked, in the past, from before. The reason
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆญขใพใฃใŸใ€ ๅƒใ„ใŸใ€้ŽๅŽปใซใ€ๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
02:13
why, in this case, as an adjective, something has already happened, right? The action has
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ ใŒใ™ใงใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏ
02:19
already happened, and it hasn't had an effect on something. In this case, what it means
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ใ™ใงใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
02:23
is you receive the action. You receive. You're not actually doing anything, so it's coming
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใง
02:30
to you. So we say this is passive. Passive means to receive, not actually doing anything.
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใจ ใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ›ใšใซๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:36
Now, we go from passive to received. What do I mean by that? You receive it. Something
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒฌใ‚ทใƒผใƒ–ใซ็งป่กŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹
02:41
is impacting or affecting you, okay? So you get a feeling. Notice I put this in the past
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ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใง ๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
02:47
tense. Felt, not feel, because it's already happened. It makes you bored or tired, whatever
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ใงใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ—ใŸใ€ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ— ใŸใ€‚ ไปฅๅ‰ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ่กŒๅ‹•ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’้€€ๅฑˆใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Š็–ฒใ‚Œใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™
02:55
the action that happened before was. So if someone is telling a story that's very long
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. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ้žๅธธใซ้•ทใ
03:02
and very uninteresting, you will become bored. The story is uninteresting because it's active,
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ใฆ้žๅธธใซ้ข็™ฝใใชใ„่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€้€€ๅฑˆใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใชใฎใง้ข็™ฝใใชใ„
03:09
it's action, but you become bored. See? Stop. This is the place where it stops. It leaves
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€้ฃฝใใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ ใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใŒๆญขใพใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:15
you at these places. Next, the action, as I said, is finished. So this finished action
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็ฝฎใๅŽปใ‚Šใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใฏ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ
03:21
makes you feel bored or tired. Okay? We good? Let's go over here. It's not just receiving,
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ใฏใ€้€€ๅฑˆใพใŸใฏ็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใŸใ ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏ
03:29
because sometimes there's not something actually happening to you. We want to describe a situation
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใพใพใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„
03:34
as it is. It is this way now because something has, once again, happened before, and it has
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปฅๅ‰ใซใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‹ ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ€
03:40
made the situation as it is now. So that action is finished. Once again, we go finished. And
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ไปŠใฎ็ŠถๆณใซใชใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎ่กŒๅ‹• ใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ไป•ไธŠใ’ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
03:46
the situation that is happening is present. So we talk about condition. A condition, or
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ใ€่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็ŠถๆณใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ‚ณใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎ่ฉฑใ€‚ ๆกไปถใ€ใพใŸใฏ
03:52
another word is situation. What is the situation now? So what has happened before, so the situation
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ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏ็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใฎ็Šถๆณ ใฏ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‹ใ€็พๅœจใฎ็Šถๆณ
03:59
is now, what is present. Okay? In this case, we can give you two good examples. A crowded
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ใ€็พๅœจใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ 2 ใคใฎ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆทท้›‘ใ—ใŸ
04:05
room. Now, obviously, I hate the word "obvious" because it means clear, easy to see, but if
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้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ€‚ ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ€็งใฏใ€Œๆ˜Ž็™ฝใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒๅซŒใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ˜Ž็ขบใง่ฆ‹ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
04:11
you're learning English, it's not obvious. You see many, many people. Well, these people
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไบบใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไบบใ€…ใฏ
04:17
all had to come in the room. That's the "ing" part, action. But when they're in the room,
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ใ™ในใฆ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซๆฅใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œingใ€ใฎ ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
04:22
they are not moving anymore. And because they're not moving and there are many people, the
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใŠใ‚‰ใšใ€ไบบใŒๅคšใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€
04:26
room is now crowded. The action is finished, the moving, so the room becomes crowded. There's
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้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฏๆทท้›‘ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ็ต‚ไบ†ใ— ใ€็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€้ƒจๅฑ‹ใŒๆทท้›‘ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:34
nothing to be received. I guess we could say the room has received the people. You could
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ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฏไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
04:39
say that. But really what's important is the condition, the situation. Heated argument.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏ ็Šถๆ…‹ใ€็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฟ€ใ—ใ„่ญฐ่ซ–ใ€‚
04:45
The argument, people are angry, angry, angry, angry because they've been fighting. That's
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่ญฐ่ซ–ใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ ๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆˆฆใฃใฆใใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
04:49
the action. It's still going on, but we say the actual situation is heated, hot, warm,
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ใŒใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ ็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ็Šถๆณใฏใ€ๆˆฆใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ็†ฑใใ€็†ฑใใ€ๆš–ใ‹ใใ€
04:56
very warm argument from the fighting, yeah? Don't take off your clothes and get all naked
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้žๅธธใซๆธฉใ‹ใ„่ญฐ่ซ–ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ๆš‘ใ„ ใฎใงๆœใ‚’่„ฑใ„ใงๅ…จ่ฃธใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡
05:00
or anything because it's hot. I'm just saying the argument, not the room. They're not together,
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ใ†ใ€‚ ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใงใฏใชใใ€่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธ€็ท’ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„
05:04
okay? All right, moving on.
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ใ€‚
05:06
So this is when we look at the passive and ED, all right? So a quick recap. A recap is
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ใงใฏใ€ใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใจ ED ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟ ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใง็ฐกๅ˜ใซใพใจใ‚ใ€‚ ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใจ
05:12
to go over the lesson to make sure you understand. ED means passive or received action. You are
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ใฏใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆ็†่งฃใ‚’ๆทฑใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ EDใฏๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใพใŸใฏๅ—ใ‘ใŸ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
05:19
not doing anything. It has come to you. Usually, this action is finished, so it is the final
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ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
05:24
effect on you, final effect on you. So effect is with E for end. It's ended, which will
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ใ‚ใชใŸใธใฎๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใธใฎๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅŠนๆžœ ใฏ E ใง็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
05:30
make you tired or bored. It also describes conditions or situations. There is a crowded
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ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็–ฒใ‚Œใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Š้€€ๅฑˆใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ๆกไปถใ‚„็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ชฌๆ˜Žใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆบ€ๅ“กใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
05:36
room. It is a heated argument. You like that? Good.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฟ€ใ—ใ„ ่ญฐ่ซ–ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
05:41
Time to talk about the active because passive means receiving while action means doing,
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ๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใจ ใฏๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€่กŒๅ‹•ใจใฏ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹
05:47
so let's do something, okay? So we'll go over here. Red for stop, green for go. Go is for
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ใฎใงใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•็š„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใซ่กŒใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ตคใฏใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ€็ท‘ใฏใ‚ดใƒผใ€‚ Go ใฏ
05:54
action. Why? I-N-G is active. You already know this because from grammar, you know I
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœ๏ผŸ I-N-GใŒๆดป่บไธญใ€‚ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
05:59
am eating, I am sleeping, I am going, I am reading. All of these things mean I'm doing
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็งใŒ้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€็งใŒๅฏใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€็งใŒ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€็งใŒ ่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ใงใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€็งใŒ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
06:06
an action. I am being active, right? Active. So what we say is active is having an effect
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆดปๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ€A ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ A ใฎๅŠนๆžœใ‚’ๆŒใกใ€
06:12
A for A, action for affecting others, and when is it affecting them? Present. Unlike
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ไป–ใฎไบบใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ใ„ใคๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ็พๅœจใ€‚
06:19
over here where we say it's finished, this action keeps going, right? So you are boring
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็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใ“ใจใฏ ้•ใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฏ็ถšใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚’้€€ๅฑˆใ•
06:26
me. It's not bad enough that you started an hour ago, but you're still boring me. You
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ใ›ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ 1 ๆ™‚้–“ๅ‰ใซๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใฎใฏๆ‚ชใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚้€€ๅฑˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
06:34
keep going, and these lead to my feelings, I-N-G, because my feelings are what I feel
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็ถšใ‘ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็งใฎ ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ€I-N-Gใซ
06:38
in the present or my emotions, presently feeling, yeah?
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ใคใชใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:43
Now, remember I said active keeps going on action? Well, notice another I-N-G, an ongoing
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฏ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ•ใฆใ€้€ฒ่กŒไธญใฎๅฎŸ่กŒใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ I-N-G ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
06:49
performing action. I've got I-N-G again. Why do I have these? Well, you are boring,
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸI-N-Gใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใชใœ็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้€€ๅฑˆใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
06:55
you're da-da-da-da-da. But if I say I have a growing business, I'm not actually saying
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ใƒ€ใƒ€ใƒ€ใƒ€ใƒ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็ง
07:02
the business is growing as in a feeling or an emotion. I'm saying the business is expanding
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ใŒใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใ‚’ๆˆ้•ทใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใŒๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆˆ้•ทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใŒๆ‹กๅคงใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅคงใใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
07:08
or getting larger, so it's describing the movement of the business. And I'm saying,
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ใฎใง ใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎๅ‹•ใใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€
07:12
which is more important, that this is continuing. It's not stopping. It keeps going and going.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆญขใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ‚“ใฉใ‚“้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:17
An ongoing business, or if you are aging well, you keep aging, getting older, and you're
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้€ฒ่กŒไธญใฎใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใ€ใพใŸใฏๅๅˆ†ใซ่€ๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ่€ๅŒ–ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ€ๅนดใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€
07:22
doing it in a good fashion. It doesn't have to do with emotions or feelings.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใง่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใจใฏ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:26
So sometimes the I-N-G, when we're talking about active, can be talking about emotions
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I-N-G ใฏใ€ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…
07:30
or feelings, or an ongoing action, similar to over here where we talked about situation,
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ใ‚„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ€ใพใŸใฏ้€ฒ่กŒไธญใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใง็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
07:36
yeah? So far so good? Good. Green is for go, ongoing and moving. Red is for stopped and
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใพใงใฏ้ †่ชฟใงใ™ใญ๏ผŸ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ็ท‘ใฏๅ‰้€ฒใ€ ้€ฒ่กŒไธญใ€็งปๅ‹•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ตคใฏๅœๆญขใจ
07:43
received. Now, this is when we go from the babies to
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ๅ—ไฟกใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“
07:49
the advanced league, so my voice may speed up a little. But I know you can do it. Just
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธŠ็ดš่€…ใƒชใƒผใ‚ฐใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฃฐใŒๆ—ฉใใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
07:53
follow along. This is nice. Now I believe you understand it. And if you can't, just
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ๅพ“ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚ ไปŠใ€็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
07:58
follow the lines. It'll help you. But let's go back to something. How does this affect
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ใฏใ€็ทšใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
08:02
me with grammar? Well, what did we say? These are formed from verbs but are not verbs, right?
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ใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ—ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:09
And they describe the noun or subject, or they describe the action of the noun and subject,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏไธป่ชžใ‚’ ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅ่ฉžใจไธป่ชžใฎๅ‹•ไฝœใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—
08:16
yes? So let's look at how it would affect our
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
08:18
grammar. When we look at grammar, we'll go, "Well, it affects word order." Word order,
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ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ่ชž้ †ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชž้ †
08:24
huh? Well, simple trick. If it's a noun, you put it before. Notice I have "before the noun."
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ใงใ—ใ‚‡๏ผŸ ใพใ‚ใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€‚ ๅ่ฉžใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใฏๅ‰ใซ็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:30
See, a little trick. "Before" is "before the noun" because you put it before the noun.
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€‚ ใ€Œbeforeใ€ใฏ ๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซ็ฝฎใใฎใงใ€Œๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:34
So you put it before. "Interesting man." This adjective goes before the actual noun,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‰ใซ็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ข็™ฝใ„็”ทใ ใ€ ใ“ใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซ
08:41
yes? Or you'd say, "Surprising person" or "Surprised smile." "Dazzling eyes." It goes
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ๆฅใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ้ฉšใไบบใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใ€Œ้ฉšใ„ใŸ็ฌ‘้ก”ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใพใฐใ‚†ใ„็›ฎใ€ใ€‚
08:49
before the noun, okay? Now, what about the verb? Because we said
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ๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใงใฏ ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ ใจ่จ€ใฃ
08:53
it's a verb. Well, remember, it's not really a verb. It's made from verbs, so it goes after
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ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง
08:58
the verb, right? Like usually adverbs. So what kind of verb, though? We say usually
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ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใ‚ใซๆฅใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ้€šๅธธใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ้€šๅธธใ€
09:04
linking or transitive verbs. "He seems interested." "He seems interesting." Okay? The linking
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ๆŽฅ็ถšๅ‹•่ฉžใพใŸใฏไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ้ข็™ฝใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๆŽฅ็ถš
09:13
verb is "seems," which means "look like," and we're saying it's linking the subject
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใง ใ€ไธป่ชžใจ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’็ตใณไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
09:17
with the action. So "seems interesting," "seems interested." And it goes after the verb. So
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œ้ข็™ฝใใ†ใ€ใ€Œ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚ใ‚Šใใ† ใ€ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
09:23
right now, you know before, noun, after, verb. And there's your word order for grammar.
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‰ใ€ๅ่ฉžใ€ๅพŒใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ่ชž้ †ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:30
What about adjectives and adverbs? Well, silly, it's an adjective. But we do have adverbs,
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฐใ‹ใ’ใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใซใฏๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
09:37
and we do use these adjectives with adverbs. There's a lesson on engVid about adverbs.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจใจใ‚‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ engVid ใซๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:42
Check it out, and you'll notice there's a correlation. Correlation means something that
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่ชฟในใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€็›ธ้–ข้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็›ธ้–ขใจ
09:45
goes together or works together, okay? With an adverb, we can use these adjectives
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ใฏใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซ่กŒใใ€ใพใŸใฏไธ€็ท’ใซๅƒใใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉž
09:51
to help out with degree. I forgot something for most of you guys. Degree, right? Temperature.
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ็จ‹ๅบฆใ‚’่ฃœๅŠฉใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŸใกใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ . ็จ‹ๅบฆใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ๆธฉๅบฆใ€‚
10:01
Hot and cold, how much, difference. In this case, "degree" could be "so" or "very."
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ๆš‘ใ•ๅฏ’ใ•ใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘้•ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œ็จ‹ๅบฆใ€ใฏใ€Œใใ†ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ้žๅธธใซใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:08
For instance, "He is so interesting." To what degree? It means "very." Or, "I am very bored
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใฉใฎ ็จ‹ๅบฆ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใจใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้€€ๅฑˆ
10:16
of this lesson." You're not. I might be, because I want to move on to the next one.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๆฌกใซ้€ฒใฟใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:21
I'm joking here. It's a very interesting lesson. To what degree? Medium or high, yeah?
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ๅ†—่ซ‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆ๏ผŸ ใƒŸใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใƒ ใพใŸใฏใƒใ‚คใ€ใˆใˆ๏ผŸ
10:27
We also have the superlative. Superlative, right? "He is the most interesting actor in
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ๆœ€ไธŠ็ดšใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€้ซ˜ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใƒใƒชใ‚ฆใƒƒใƒ‰ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ไฟณๅ„ชใงใ™
10:35
Hollywood," which might be Brad Pitt, I think. So superlative would be the most, the highest.
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ใ€ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒปใƒ”ใƒƒใƒˆใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆœ€ไธŠ็ดšใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ€ๆœ€้ซ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:42
We have "so" and "very," then we can go to the superlative. Look, there's Superman because
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"so" ใจ "very" ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆœ€ไธŠ็ดšใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใปใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒณใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€
10:46
he's super, the most super person on the planet, right?
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ๅฝผใŒใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใง ใ€ๅœฐ็ƒไธŠใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใชไบบใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:50
So superlatives, we can talk about degree with adverbs, "so" and "very." We can also
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ๆœ€ไธŠ็ดšใช ใฎใงใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ€Œsoใ€ใจใ€Œveryใ€ใง็จ‹ๅบฆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:55
talk about the word order, before nouns and after verbs, okay? Don't forget the "ing"
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ๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใจ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใฎ่ชž้ †ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ›ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ้€šๅธธใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œingใ€ใฏใ€Œ่ƒฝๅ‹•็š„่กŒ็‚บใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใง
11:01
is "active action" from your normal grammar, right? Ongoing in the present, okay? It has
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒไธญใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏไป–
11:06
an effect, "a" and "a" on others, or it's an ongoing action into the future, okay? We've
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ใฎไบบใซใ€Œaใ€ใจใ€Œaใ€ใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ ๆœชๆฅใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆ้€ฒ่กŒไธญใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
11:12
got our passive because it receives the action, yes? Because it's the end of an action and
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ่กŒๅ‹•ใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃ
11:16
you receive it, so you become bored or tired, right? And we talk about condition in a room,
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ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใคใพใ‚‰ใชใใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใ€ๆทท้›‘ใ—ใŸ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ€
11:21
a crowded room or a heated argument.
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ใพใŸใฏๆฟ€ใ—ใ„่ญฐ่ซ–ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:24
Hope you enjoyed the lesson. I believe it was interesting for you. I don't think it
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:28
was too tiring because you're still watching, and I know it's going to make the next one
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใจใฏ
11:32
you watch rather boring, I mean, from other people, of course. But where I want you to
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ๆ€ใ„ใพใ› ใ‚“. ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ
11:36
go to is www.EngVid.com, where you will meet Mr. E and myself and other fine teachers to
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่กŒใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใ€www.EngVid.com ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ“ใงใฏ ใ€E ๆฐใจ็งใ€ใใ—ใฆ
11:53
help you improve your English. It will be an ongoing thing, I'm sure. There's a test
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคไป–ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ•™ๅธซใซไผšใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ ใฏ็ถ™็ถš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€็งใฏ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆ
12:02
and a quiz. Take the quiz. See how well you do. Okay, I'm sure you will because I've always
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ใจใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ†ใพใใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ใใฃใจใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
12:06
found teaching grammar to be interesting. I think you will, too, now. Ciao.
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใƒฃใ‚ชใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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