Adjective endings - ING or ED?

Hi, James from engVid. How are you? Normally I read a newspaper, as you know, but today

I'm reading the engVid lesson plans. The engVid manual for all the lessons that we'll teach,

we have taught, and will teach. You can order these right now. It's called 1-800-MAKE-JAMES-RICH.

Okay, so, just joking, but you can order it. Try. Here's where we're going to do a lesson

today on description. I am thinking that you found me very interesting when I started this

lesson. Some of you will be very interested, and you're probably going, "What's the difference

between 'interesting' and 'interested' or 'bored' and 'boring'?" Now, I'm going to give

you a general lesson, but if you want to know more about 'bored' and 'boring', we have one

on the engVid. Oopsie. It's in the manual. Go to the website. You'll find a lesson specifically

on 'bored' and 'boring'. But I will give you the general way of looking at it, because

many students don't know the difference between why on an adjective ending we use -ed or -ing.

They get confused. Is he boring or is he bored? Today, I'm going to clear that up for you.

Clear that up means make it easy for you to understand.

So first things we have to look at is it's an adjective ending, but these are formed

from verbs. So we'll have a verb word like "bored", "tired", "excited", but then they

will be used in a way to describe, and that's what they do. They describe a noun or actually

what the noun is receiving or feeling or doing, right? The action of the noun or what the

noun has received. And what we're going to do is go through each one, and I'm going to

give you the grammar points to help you as well to further your learning. So this lesson

could be for a beginner. You'll learn this. And intermediate and advanced, we'll go further.

So let's start off with the easy one. We'll start off with the -ed. -ed means past tense.

Past tense means something is finished. Stopped, worked, in the past, from before. The reason

why, in this case, as an adjective, something has already happened, right? The action has

already happened, and it hasn't had an effect on something. In this case, what it means

is you receive the action. You receive. You're not actually doing anything, so it's coming

to you. So we say this is passive. Passive means to receive, not actually doing anything.

Now, we go from passive to received. What do I mean by that? You receive it. Something

is impacting or affecting you, okay? So you get a feeling. Notice I put this in the past

tense. Felt, not feel, because it's already happened. It makes you bored or tired, whatever

the action that happened before was. So if someone is telling a story that's very long

and very uninteresting, you will become bored. The story is uninteresting because it's active,

it's action, but you become bored. See? Stop. This is the place where it stops. It leaves

you at these places. Next, the action, as I said, is finished. So this finished action

makes you feel bored or tired. Okay? We good? Let's go over here. It's not just receiving,

because sometimes there's not something actually happening to you. We want to describe a situation

as it is. It is this way now because something has, once again, happened before, and it has

made the situation as it is now. So that action is finished. Once again, we go finished. And

the situation that is happening is present. So we talk about condition. A condition, or

another word is situation. What is the situation now? So what has happened before, so the situation

is now, what is present. Okay? In this case, we can give you two good examples. A crowded

room. Now, obviously, I hate the word "obvious" because it means clear, easy to see, but if

you're learning English, it's not obvious. You see many, many people. Well, these people

all had to come in the room. That's the "ing" part, action. But when they're in the room,

they are not moving anymore. And because they're not moving and there are many people, the

room is now crowded. The action is finished, the moving, so the room becomes crowded. There's

nothing to be received. I guess we could say the room has received the people. You could

say that. But really what's important is the condition, the situation. Heated argument.

The argument, people are angry, angry, angry, angry because they've been fighting. That's

the action. It's still going on, but we say the actual situation is heated, hot, warm,

very warm argument from the fighting, yeah? Don't take off your clothes and get all naked

or anything because it's hot. I'm just saying the argument, not the room. They're not together,

okay? All right, moving on.

So this is when we look at the passive and ED, all right? So a quick recap. A recap is

to go over the lesson to make sure you understand. ED means passive or received action. You are

not doing anything. It has come to you. Usually, this action is finished, so it is the final

effect on you, final effect on you. So effect is with E for end. It's ended, which will

make you tired or bored. It also describes conditions or situations. There is a crowded

room. It is a heated argument. You like that? Good.

Time to talk about the active because passive means receiving while action means doing,

so let's do something, okay? So we'll go over here. Red for stop, green for go. Go is for

action. Why? I-N-G is active. You already know this because from grammar, you know I

am eating, I am sleeping, I am going, I am reading. All of these things mean I'm doing

an action. I am being active, right? Active. So what we say is active is having an effect

A for A, action for affecting others, and when is it affecting them? Present. Unlike

over here where we say it's finished, this action keeps going, right? So you are boring

me. It's not bad enough that you started an hour ago, but you're still boring me. You

keep going, and these lead to my feelings, I-N-G, because my feelings are what I feel

in the present or my emotions, presently feeling, yeah?

Now, remember I said active keeps going on action? Well, notice another I-N-G, an ongoing

performing action. I've got I-N-G again. Why do I have these? Well, you are boring,

you're da-da-da-da-da. But if I say I have a growing business, I'm not actually saying

the business is growing as in a feeling or an emotion. I'm saying the business is expanding

or getting larger, so it's describing the movement of the business. And I'm saying,

which is more important, that this is continuing. It's not stopping. It keeps going and going.

An ongoing business, or if you are aging well, you keep aging, getting older, and you're

doing it in a good fashion. It doesn't have to do with emotions or feelings.

So sometimes the I-N-G, when we're talking about active, can be talking about emotions

or feelings, or an ongoing action, similar to over here where we talked about situation,

yeah? So far so good? Good. Green is for go, ongoing and moving. Red is for stopped and

received. Now, this is when we go from the babies to

the advanced league, so my voice may speed up a little. But I know you can do it. Just

follow along. This is nice. Now I believe you understand it. And if you can't, just

follow the lines. It'll help you. But let's go back to something. How does this affect

me with grammar? Well, what did we say? These are formed from verbs but are not verbs, right?

And they describe the noun or subject, or they describe the action of the noun and subject,

yes? So let's look at how it would affect our

grammar. When we look at grammar, we'll go, "Well, it affects word order." Word order,

huh? Well, simple trick. If it's a noun, you put it before. Notice I have "before the noun."

See, a little trick. "Before" is "before the noun" because you put it before the noun.

So you put it before. "Interesting man." This adjective goes before the actual noun,

yes? Or you'd say, "Surprising person" or "Surprised smile." "Dazzling eyes." It goes

before the noun, okay? Now, what about the verb? Because we said

it's a verb. Well, remember, it's not really a verb. It's made from verbs, so it goes after

the verb, right? Like usually adverbs. So what kind of verb, though? We say usually

linking or transitive verbs. "He seems interested." "He seems interesting." Okay? The linking

verb is "seems," which means "look like," and we're saying it's linking the subject

with the action. So "seems interesting," "seems interested." And it goes after the verb. So

right now, you know before, noun, after, verb. And there's your word order for grammar.

What about adjectives and adverbs? Well, silly, it's an adjective. But we do have adverbs,

and we do use these adjectives with adverbs. There's a lesson on engVid about adverbs.

Check it out, and you'll notice there's a correlation. Correlation means something that

goes together or works together, okay? With an adverb, we can use these adjectives

to help out with degree. I forgot something for most of you guys. Degree, right? Temperature.

Hot and cold, how much, difference. In this case, "degree" could be "so" or "very."

For instance, "He is so interesting." To what degree? It means "very." Or, "I am very bored

of this lesson." You're not. I might be, because I want to move on to the next one.

I'm joking here. It's a very interesting lesson. To what degree? Medium or high, yeah?

We also have the superlative. Superlative, right? "He is the most interesting actor in

Hollywood," which might be Brad Pitt, I think. So superlative would be the most, the highest.

We have "so" and "very," then we can go to the superlative. Look, there's Superman because

he's super, the most super person on the planet, right?

So superlatives, we can talk about degree with adverbs, "so" and "very." We can also

talk about the word order, before nouns and after verbs, okay? Don't forget the "ing"

is "active action" from your normal grammar, right? Ongoing in the present, okay? It has

an effect, "a" and "a" on others, or it's an ongoing action into the future, okay? We've

got our passive because it receives the action, yes? Because it's the end of an action and

you receive it, so you become bored or tired, right? And we talk about condition in a room,

a crowded room or a heated argument.

Hope you enjoyed the lesson. I believe it was interesting for you. I don't think it

was too tiring because you're still watching, and I know it's going to make the next one

you watch rather boring, I mean, from other people, of course. But where I want you to

go to is www.EngVid.com, where you will meet Mr. E and myself and other fine teachers to

help you improve your English. It will be an ongoing thing, I'm sure. There's a test

and a quiz. Take the quiz. See how well you do. Okay, I'm sure you will because I've always

found teaching grammar to be interesting. I think you will, too, now. Ciao.