Master Modals with the SEAM Method: Questions

135,627 views ใƒป 2011-11-19

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi. James from EngVid. This movie seems like it will be good. I'm hoping it will be good.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ EngVid ใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใฏ ใ†ใพใใ„ใใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใพใใ„ใใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:15
Now I'm going to teach you something today. Well, not really on scene. I'm going to teach
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใ‚ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ็พๅ ดใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆ
00:20
you modals. But I have my own special way of teaching it. You see, to me, modals bring
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใซใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใซใจใฃใฆใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใฏ
00:25
everything together. And by doing that, they allow us to talk about possibilities.
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ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ 1 ใคใซใพใจใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง ใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:30
So what I'm going to do is start in a really weird way and talk about a word that I'm not
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€็งใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฎใชใ„ๅ˜่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ
00:34
going to talk about, and then come right back full circle to "seem." "Seem." This word in
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่ฉฑใ—ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ™ใใซ ๆˆปใฃใฆใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™. "ๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚" ใ“ใฎ
00:41
English is a very powerful word because it allows us to look at something without saying
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใšใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€้žๅธธใซๅผทๅŠ›ใชๅ˜่ชž
00:46
it's actual. Now a lot of other verbs, like the verb "to be" and the verb "to do," they're
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ใงใ™. ็พๅœจ ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto beใ€ใ‚„ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto doใ€ใชใฉใ€ไป–ใฎๅคšใใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ
00:51
actual. "You are doing this." "He is this." There's no 50, 20, or 40 percent it is the
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ 50ใ€20ใ€ใพใŸใฏ 40 ใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
00:57
way it is. So we use other words, and we call these words "modals," because they allow us
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ€Œใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€
01:03
to talk about the possibility of how something might look without saying it's like that.
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใšใซใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:08
Like, "I think you could go to the washroom." "I think you could." It's possible, but it's
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ใ€Œใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ€‚ ใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใŒใ€
01:14
not guaranteed. So in this way, we want to use modals. And today, I'm going to talk about
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ไฟ่จผใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆ
01:18
modals. Now, my method on "seem," see, I talked about "look like," and when something looks
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ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็งใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ใปใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
01:26
like something, it not necessarily is that way. So we use modals so we can talk about
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ
01:30
how things seem, or could be, without saying they actually are. That's a good introduction
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ใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใšใซใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:36
because you're going, "Okay, I get it. We're talking about possibility, how it might be
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚็งใŸใกใฏ ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
01:39
or how it seems. Possible." But what is this word? I showed you a newspaper. A newspaper
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ใพใŸใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝ• ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆ–ฐ่žใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆ–ฐ่ž
01:46
has a "seem," right? This line here that keeps things together. My clothing has a "seem."
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ใซใฏใ€Œ่ฆ‹ๆ „ใˆใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎ่กŒ ใ€‚ ็งใฎๆœใซใฏใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:52
They sew, and it keeps parts of it together. Even better, Batman. Okay, sorry. You didn't
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็ธซใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซไฟใกใพใ™. ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€ใƒใƒƒใƒˆใƒžใƒณใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—
01:59
see it? Slow motion. "Batman." Special effects. Really big budget here. Really big. Okay?
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ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚นใƒญใƒผใƒขใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€‚ "ใƒใƒƒใƒˆใƒžใƒณใ€‚" ็‰นๆฎŠๅŠนๆžœใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅคงใใชไบˆ็ฎ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅคงใใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:06
On my jeans, don't look at my bum. There's a "seem," a line. Right here. Now, okay, you're
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ใ‚ธใƒผใƒณใ‚บใ‚’ใฏใ„ใฆใ€ใŠๅฐปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็ทšใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
02:14
going to have to look at my bum, but don't. There's a line where the pants come together.
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็งใฎใŠๅฐปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใ€่ฆ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ„ใ‚’ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:19
That's a "seem." They sew. Because of this, my pants are together, and I can wear them.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็ธซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใงใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ„ใฏๆƒใฃใฆๅฑฅใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:25
So we use a "seem" to hold things together. On this cup, for instance, there will be a
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œ่ฆ‹ๆ „ใˆใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใซใฏ
02:30
"seem." It holds the cup together, or you can't use it. So we use a "seem" to hold things
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ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซไฟๆŒใ— ใชใ„ใจไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใ€ใ‚’
02:35
together, or you can't use it. Modals help us, because it puts English together in situations
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ใจใ€ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซ
02:40
that are not 100% yes or no. It is hot. It is not hot. It could be hot. It may be hot.
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ใฏใ€100% ใ‚คใ‚จใ‚นใ‹ใƒŽใƒผใ‹ใงใฏใชใ„็Šถๆณใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆš‘ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆš‘ใใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆš‘ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆš‘ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:47
It might be hot. It ties together the rest of English, which is not guaranteed, or black
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ๆš‘ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไฟ่จผใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ใพใŸใฏ้ป’
02:52
or white. I did one lesson before, and it was "e," for "seem." So "seem" has different
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ใพใŸใฏ็™ฝใ‚’็ตใณไป˜ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅ‰ใซ 1 ใคใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใฎใ€Œeใ€ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใซใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพ
02:58
aspects, or the different powers of modals, what modals can do. The last lesson I did
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ใชๅด้ขใ€ใพใŸใฏใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅŠ›ใ€ ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ
03:03
was "express," "expresspan," and we talked about possibility, ability, and necessity.
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ใฏใ€Œexpressใ€ใ€Œexpresspanใ€ใงใ€ ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ€่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:10
So these are three of the things. There are even more. Go check it out. It'll explain,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ3ใคใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใ ใพใ  ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ€
03:13
and it'll even give another explanation for "seem" a little longer.
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ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใฎๅˆฅใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—้•ทใใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:16
This time, I want to talk about the "a" in "seem." How else modals keep things together.
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ไปŠๅ›žใฏใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใฎใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใŒ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚
03:22
We use modals to ask questions. We use them to ask questions. Now, I'm going to make a
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ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง
03:26
joke and say, "We use modals to ask for a pass." Or, as you Americans say, "for a pass."
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ๅ†—่ซ‡ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใƒ‘ใ‚นใ‚’่ฆๆฑ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œใƒ‘ใ‚นใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ€‚
03:44
When you get a pass, it allows you to do things, right? In Canada, we have what's called a
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ใƒ‘ใ‚นใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใงใฏใ€ใƒกใƒˆใƒญใƒ‘ใ‚นใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ
03:49
metro pass. I'll show it to you because you'll never be able to use it. There, quick. Now,
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€็”Ÿ ไฝฟใˆใชใ„ใฎใง็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใปใ‚‰ใ€ๆ—ฉใใ€‚ ใ•ใฆ
03:54
I'll counterfeit it in Taiwan. There again. Now, I take this, I give it to a bus person,
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ใ€ๅฐๆนพใงๅฝ้€ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใญใ€‚ ไปŠใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒใ‚นใฎไบบใ€ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใซๆธกใ—
03:59
a person on the bus, and it allows me to travel. Kind of cool, right? It gives me this ability.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใง็งใฏๆ—…่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ‚ฏใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใ“ใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
04:05
Well, when we ask for a pass in the "seem" method, what it gives me is, number one, I
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ€Œseemใ€ใƒกใ‚ฝใƒƒใƒ‰ใงใƒ‘ใ‚นใ‚’่ฆๆฑ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใซไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€็ง
04:10
can ask for... The "a" stands for "assistance," which is help. A pass allows you to go places.
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ใŒ่ฆๆฑ‚ใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ ใงใ™. ใƒ‘ใ‚นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:21
If someone assists you, it helps you with help. The "p" stands for "permission." If
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œpใ€ใฏใ€Œ่จฑๅฏใ€ใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:31
you have permission, you have a pass to do something. Now, what modals do we use when
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่จฑๅฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใƒ‘ใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏ
04:40
we ask for a pass, when we ask for permission, and when we ask for assistance? You like that?
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ใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚นใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€่จฑๅฏ ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณๆ”ฏๆดใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ใฉใฎใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:46
See? Check pan. I did that there, too. Cool. An acRonniem. We use acRonniems to make you remember.
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ ้‹ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€‚ ็งใ‚‚ใใ“ใงใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚ ้ ญๅญ—่ชžใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็•ฅ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:51
Okay? So, what modals would we use for permission? Well, my teachers used to have a joke. Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใฏใ€่จฑๅฏใซใฏใฉใฎใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใˆใˆใจใ€็งใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ‚ˆใๅ†—่ซ‡ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:58
So, let's start with permission, and it has to do with the washroom. Okay? Ezekiel right
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่จฑๅฏใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ ๆด—้ขๆ‰€ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:04
now. Where's Ezekiel? Okay. Can't do a class without Ezekiel. Or, for you guys, Mr. E.
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ใŸใ ใ„ใพใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใ€‚ ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใฏใฉใ“๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใชใ—ใงใฏๆŽˆๆฅญใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŸใกใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€Eใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:12
He just dropped his cigarette, because he remembers the old school days. It was terrible.
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ๅฝผใฏใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’่ฝใจใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆ˜”ใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿๆ™‚ไปฃใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฒใฉใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:19
He's not happy. He's like, "Oh, God. Not that again." Teachers, when I was younger, they
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ๅฝผใฏๅนธใ›ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€็ฅžๆง˜ใ€‚ใพใŸ้•ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿๆ–นใ€็งใŒ่‹ฅใ„้ ƒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰
05:23
used to have this sense of humor. You'd go, "Teacher, teacher, can I go to the washroom?"
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ใฏใ“ใฎใƒฆใƒผใƒขใ‚ขใฎใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ„๏ผŸใ€ใฃใฆใ€‚
05:31
Because you wanted permission to go to the washroom. And the teacher, the teacher would
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ใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใซ่กŒใ่จฑๅฏใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ
05:38
be very smart and go, "You can go to the washroom, but I don't know if you're allowed to." And,
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ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้ ญใŒ่‰ฏใใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:46
of course, you're five years old going, "Oh, why? Why?" And then you'd have to learn this
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ 5 ๆญณใงใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ ใชใœ?ใชใœ?ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จฑๅฏใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅญฆใฐใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
05:52
other permission word. And the other permission word would be this. "May." There we go. Young
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ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ "5ๆœˆใ€‚" ใงใฏ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:02
man, you have to say, "May I go to the washroom?" And you go, "Oh, it's too late. We need a
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่‹ฅ่€…ใ‚ˆใ€ใ€Œใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ†ๆ‰‹้…ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒขใƒƒใƒ—ใŒๅฟ…่ฆ
06:09
mop. I have to clean now. May I get a mop?" All right. So, they use "can" and "may," and
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใƒขใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œcanใ€ใจใ€Œmayใ€
06:18
I've showed you both. "Can" is ability. So, when someone says we're asking permission,
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ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚็งใฏไธกๆ–นใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใฏ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒ่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€
06:22
they usually know they have the ability to do it, but they're asking for permission to
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†่ƒฝๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใŒใ€่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ
06:25
do it. So, I know if you looked at "pan," you'll find that it's in there, right, for
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒณใ€ใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ•ใซ
06:29
ability. But we also say, "Can I do something?" And I'm saying, "Are you going to permit me
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่ƒฝๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œ็งใซไฝ•ใ‹ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จฑๅฏใ—
06:34
to do this?" Right? The next one is "may." Now, "may" is actually more polite. That's
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ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ๆฌกใฏใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œmayใ€ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจไธๅฏงใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
06:39
like the very formal way of speaking. "May I go to the washroom?" So, you might say that
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ใฏ้žๅธธใซใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใช่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌ่กŒใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใคใพใ‚Š
06:44
in, you know, a situation where there's a power difference. "May I," and not just the
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ใ€ๅŠ›ใฎๅทฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใงใ€ใใ†่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใจๆด—้ขๆ‰€ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
06:48
washroom. A good example is "marker," right? You don't know me. You need a marker to write
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ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใฏใ€Œใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:55
down somebody's name. We're on the street. You would probably go, "Hey, may I borrow
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่ชฐใ‹ใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ้€šใ‚Šใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใญใˆใ€ใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„
07:00
your marker for a second?" Because "can" is a little casual. "Casual" is between friends
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๏ผŸใ€ ใ€Œcanใ€ ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใ€ใฏใ€ๅ‹้”
07:04
and people you're somewhat acquainted with. By "somewhat," I mean you have some knowledge
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹็จ‹ๅบฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฎ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹็จ‹ๅบฆใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็จ‹ๅบฆใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
07:09
of. They're not the first time you've seen them. Maybe you're in an office together.
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใฎใฏๅˆใ‚ใฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ . ไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:12
You say, "Hi, Fred. Hi, Barney," on a regular basis, right? "Bronto Burger?" Sure. Anyway,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซใ€Œใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒใƒผใƒ‹ใƒผใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒญใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผ๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใใ€
07:19
you know, but you're not buddies. "Buddies" means friends, right? You don't go out all
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปฒ้–“ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ใ€Œใƒใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ€ ใฃใฆๅ‹้”ใฃใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅค–ๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
07:22
the time. So, then you say, "Hey, can I borrow that for a second?" But with your boss, you
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใญใˆใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅ€Ÿใ‚Š ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธŠๅธใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ
07:26
might say, "May I borrow your phone?" Very big power disparity, which means difference.
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซ ๅคงใใชๅŠ›ใฎๆ ผๅทฎใ€ใคใพใ‚Š้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:33
Okay? So we say "can" or "may." Another one that's just good is this one. "Could." Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚ "ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚" ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:43
"Could." "Could" is similar to "can" because "could" means "possible." So already you're
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"ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚" ใ€Œcouldใ€ใฏใ€Œcanใ€ใซไผผใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œcouldใ€ใฏใ€Œๅฏ่ƒฝใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ™ใงใซ
07:50
admitting by asking permission. Remember, permission is because you don't know if you
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่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง่ชใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่จฑๅฏใฏใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่จฑๅฏใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
07:55
can, so you need permission to do it. "Could" is "possible." Is it possible I can do this?
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ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œcouldใ€ ใฏใ€Œๅฏ่ƒฝใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:00
See? Is it possible I can do this? I will have the ability to do this. Nice, right?
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:06
Now, three different modals. They're not the same strength. If you were paying attention,
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ใ•ใฆใ€3ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๅŒใ˜ๅผทใ•ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œ
08:10
I said, "May" is stronger than "can." Well, it goes "may," "could," so literally, "may,"
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ใฐใ€ใ€Œ5ๆœˆใ€ใฏใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅผทใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใพใ‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
08:17
"could," "can." And it comes down to the basic meanings of the modals. "May." "May I" is
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ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใงใใพใ™ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซ่กŒใ็€ใใพใ™ใ€‚ "5ๆœˆใ€‚" ใ€ŒMay Iใ€ใฏ
08:24
because you don't believe it's going to go in your favor. You're like, "Boss has more
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใซๆœ‰ๅˆฉใซใชใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใˆใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ŒไธŠๅธใฏ็งใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
08:30
power than I," so it's like a 70/30 relationship, or all the way to 90/10 relationship. Okay?
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ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ 70 ๅฏพ 30 ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ 90 ๅฏพ 10 ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:37
Maybe you don't even know them at all, so it's 0/100. So you say "may" because you want
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ใพใฃใŸใ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ ใฎใงใ€0/100 ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
08:41
to say, "Look, I'm being very polite because I know I don't know you, and this may be a
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ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ ใ—ใฆใ„
08:45
big thing for you." "Could," when you do know someone and you want to be polite, because
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๅคงใใชใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:51
you don't want to say, "May I," like go to McDonald's in Canada and go, "May I have a
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ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใฎใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€Œ
08:56
hamburger, and may I also have a chocolate shake?" They go, "May you get out the door."
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ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆ ใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏ๏ผŸใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:01
Okay, that's the other thing. When we say "may," we say "I" and "we," right? We don't
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใ€ใจใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
09:07
say "you" or "they," because what we're referring to is ourselves, and we're asking for permission.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:11
So "may" is interesting because we can use it in certain quarters, but not others. Well,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œmayใ€ใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๅˆ†้‡Žใงใฏไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ไป–ใฎๅˆ†้‡Žใงใฏไฝฟ็”จใงใใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจ
09:15
we say "can" for the other ones, okay? So "may" is when you don't know someone at all.
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ใ€ไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ€Œmayใ€ใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใพใฃใŸใ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
09:22
Now "could." "Could" is work situation, school situation, family talking to your mom and
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ไปŠใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใ€‚ "Could" ใฏใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใฎ็Šถๆณใ€ๅญฆๆ กใฎ ็Šถๆณใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใŒใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใ‚„ใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
09:28
dad, you want to borrow the car. "Dad, can I borrow the car tonight?" Not, "May I borrow
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ใ€่ปŠใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใ€ ไปŠๅคœ่ปŠใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„๏ผŸใ€ ใ€Œ่ปŠใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Š
09:32
the car?" You say "may," they're like, "Young man, have you been smoking drugs, and are
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ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œ่‹ฅใ„ ็”ทใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้บป่–ฌใ‚’ๅธใฃใฆ
09:36
they in my car?" Right? But if you say "could," it's like, "Dad, I respect you. I have respect
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ใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ่ปŠใฎไธญใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใงใใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใ€ŒใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใ€ๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฐŠๆ•ฌ
09:42
for you, but we know each other, so let's be a little less formal, and could I borrow
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏใŠไบ’ใ„ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ …่‹ฆใ—ใใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
09:46
the car?" Sure, right? So this is when you start going, you know, you're 70/30. 70/30.
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ใ€‚่ปŠใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ‹•ใๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ 70/30 ใงใ™ใ€‚ 70/30ใ€‚
09:53
It's more like a 60, maybe 50/50 position, okay? "Can," "Hey, can I borrow that pen?"
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ใใ‚Œใฏ60ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€ๅคšๅˆ†50/50ใฎไฝ็ฝฎ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ€Œใญใˆใ€ใใฎใƒšใƒณใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„๏ผŸใ€
10:02
You're casual, right? You're at a friend's house. Of course, you're over 19 if you're
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‹้”ใฎ ๅฎถใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใซใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ 19 ๆญณไปฅไธŠ
10:07
in Canada. You've got a beer, you're watching the game. "Hey, can I have a beer?" Right?
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใƒผใƒซใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใชใŒใ‚‰ ใ€่ฉฆๅˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใญใˆใ€ใƒ“ใƒผใƒซใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„๏ผŸใ€ ๅณ๏ผŸ
10:12
You don't need to be, "Could I have a beer?" Your friend will go, "No, because I don't
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ใ€Œใƒ“ใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹้”ใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†
10:16
even know you." Who are you? You just said by saying "could" and "may," we don't know
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ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใงใใพใ™ใ€ใจใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏใŠไบ’ใ„ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆ
10:20
each other, right? "Can I borrow that for a second?" It's casual, right? Please do not
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ใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:25
say, "Give that to me," or "Gimme." No "gimme." We'll talk about that another time. No "gimmes,"
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‚’ใใ‚Œใ€ใจใ‹ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ ใ„ใ€ใจใ‹่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฎใƒŸใ€ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใพใŸๅˆฅใฎๆฉŸไผšใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ฎใƒ ใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
10:29
okay? "Gimme that." "Caveman." Right? Okay? So here we've looked at, for permission,
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‚’ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ็ฉดๅฑ…ไบบใ€ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๅพ—ใฆใ€
10:36
we're going to use, and this is POS, right? See our POS? Ask for permission. "Can I borrow
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ POS ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ POS ใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Š
10:42
your phone?" Right? "May I borrow?" Very formal. Think about the bank, you need money
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ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใจใฆใ‚‚ ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใ€‚ ้Š€่กŒใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
10:47
for a loan. "May I borrow $1 billion, please?" Okay? "Can I borrow your phone?" Or, "Could
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ใ€‚ใƒญใƒผใƒณใซใฏใŠ้‡‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ10ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ
10:53
I, on the street, could I borrow your cell phone for a moment?" It's an important call.
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้€šใ‚Šใงใ€โ€‹โ€‹ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ๅคงไบ‹ใช้›ป่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚
10:57
Right? Better than saying, "Can I?" Okay? So, we've done the permission part. Well,
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ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใฏใพใ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€่จฑๅฏใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
11:02
let's look at assistance. What does assistance mean? Well, you need somebody to assist you.
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ใ‚ขใ‚ทใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆดๅŠฉ ใจใฏ ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹? ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
11:10
That's the verb. That means somebody to help. Right? Remember? Ask for help. This is ask
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ่ฆšใˆใฆ๏ผŸ ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
11:15
for permission. Ask for help. I'm good at this contraction thing. All right? So, what
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่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ใ“ใฎๅŽ็ธฎใฎใ“ใจใŒๅพ—ๆ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ‚“ใช
11:21
words would you ask for help? Well, imagine... You could actually use "may" up here. It's
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่จ€่‘‰ใงๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใˆใˆใจใ€ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„... ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œmayใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:28
quite funny, actually. Imagine you're at the airport, and they come up to... Actually,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ็ฉบๆธฏใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆ
11:33
no. Oh, there's a brilliant place in Canada called Holt Renfrew. And if you ever go there,
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใซ ใฏใƒ›ใƒซใƒˆใƒปใƒฌใƒณใƒ•ใƒชใƒฅใƒผใจใ„ใ†็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ“ใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ
11:38
when they open... There's a guy with his hat. I can't remember his name. Nice guy. He'll
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ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ้–‹ใ„ใŸใจใใซ... ๅธฝๅญใ‚’ใ‹ใถใฃใŸ็”ทใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฎๅๅ‰ใŒๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ›ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใ‚„ใคใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
11:42
open the door for you and say, "May I help you?" Okay? He's offering assistance. That's
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ใŸใ‚ใซใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ใ€Œๆ‰‹ไผใ„ ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฝผใฏๆดๅŠฉใ‚’็”ณใ—ๅ‡บใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
11:49
different. Right? But assistance is being... You could say, "Can you help me?" Now, remember
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้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆดๅŠฉใฏ... ใ€Œ็งใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
11:55
what I said. You can't say, "May you?" All right? This one doesn't exist, but we can
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็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
11:59
repeat this one up here. "Can someone help me? Can I get some help?" All right? Now,
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ชฐใ‹ๅŠฉใ‘ ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€
12:06
that's basic, you know? Same as natural. But what happens if we want to be a little bit
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŸบๆœฌใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใƒŠใƒใƒฅใƒฉใƒซใจๅŒใ˜ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹
12:10
more polite? And do you remember we talked about "could" and we said "could" deals
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ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใก ใŒใ€Œcouldใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€ใ€Œcouldใ€
12:14
with possibility? Well, if you're not too sure, maybe you're in the wrong environment,
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ใฏๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’ๆ‰ฑใ†ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ˆใ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€้–“้•ใฃใŸ็’ฐๅขƒใซใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆ
12:19
right? Or you don't know if the people here could possibly help you, you would say this.
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ใญ? ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€… ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:24
"Could. Could you help me?" All right? Maybe you're in an environment where you know they
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ใ€Œใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใ†ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็’ฐๅขƒใซใ„ใพใ™
12:33
have to. You're at... What's that place called again? They have official greeters. "Sorry,
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. ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™... ใ‚ใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใฏไฝ•ใจๅ‘ผใฐ ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใฏๅ…ฌๅผใฎๆŒจๆ‹ถใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ™ใพใชใ„ใ€
12:38
Ezekiel, what?" "Thanks." See? He said, "I can help you with that." All right? "Yeah,
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ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใ€ไฝ•๏ผŸใ€ "ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚" ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ ๅฝผใฏใ€ใ€Œ็ง ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใˆใˆใ€
12:44
I have the ability to help you with that." See? He's giving me some assistance. I go,
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็งใซใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ ๅฝผใฏ็งใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:48
"Thanks. Thanks." All right? Walmart. They have official greeters, right? All right? You
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ ใฏๅ…ฌๅผใฎๆŒจๆ‹ถใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸ
12:54
know there that they have to help you. "Can you help me?" "Dude, I get paid $7 an hour.
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ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ " ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆ้ ‚ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ" ใ€Œใญใˆใ€็งใฏๆ™‚็ตฆ 7 ใƒ‰ใƒซ
12:58
I have to. What do you want?" Okay? They have to help you. You say, "Can you help me?"
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ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚็งใฏใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ไฝ•ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:02
They have to. "Could you help me?" In a place where maybe it's not their department or job
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ—ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€‚ "็งใŸใกใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ" ใใ‚ŒใŒ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ้ƒจ็ฝฒใ‚„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใง
13:07
and you know that, say, "Could you help me? I know this isn't your job, but could you
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ็งใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹? ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎไป•ไบ‹ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
13:11
come here and give me a hand?" Here's a funny one. "Would." "Excuse me? Would?" "Would
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใฆๆ‰‹ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผŸใใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ€Œ
13:20
you be able to help me with something?" Well, what does "would" mean? "Would," in English,
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ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ‰‹ไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ€Œใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ€ŒWouldใ€
13:25
is for imaginary. You imagine something. "I would do this if I was able to." All right?
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ใฏๆƒณๅƒไธŠใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ใงใใ‚Œใฐใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:31
So, we looked at "may." We said very formal, "would." "Would you be able to give me a hand
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฝขๅผ็š„ใซ ใ€Œใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฎๅคœใ€ๆ‰‹ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“
13:35
tomorrow night?" Why would you say this? You're probably in a situation where, like "may,"
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ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใชใœใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
13:42
they don't have to do anything for you. "Boss, would you be able to let me get next Tuesday
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใชใ„็Šถๆณใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†. ใ€Œใƒœใ‚นใ€ ๆฅ้€ฑใฎ็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใ‚’ไผ‘ใพใ›ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“
13:47
off?" You say, "Could you let me off next Tuesday?" Or, "Can." But you say, "Would,"
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ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๆฅ้€ฑใฎ็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใซ็งใ‚’ไผ‘ใพใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„
13:51
because it's possible, remember? "Would" is imaginary, right? Like, it's possible they
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒWouldใ€ใฏ ๆƒณๅƒใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰
13:56
could say, "No." So, we're slipping, changing "may" to "would" when we're asking for assistance.
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ใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€Œmayใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œwouldใ€ใซๅค‰ใˆใฆๆป‘ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:03
Another way of asking for assistance, like, "Would you be able to help me with this?"
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ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–น: ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใง็งใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?ใ€
14:06
All right? Cool. You like that? I like it, too. All right. So, it's a short lesson today,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใ‚‚ๅฅฝใ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ็Ÿญใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ
14:11
all right? A very short lesson. We're almost out of time here. But when we're looking for
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ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใจใฆใ‚‚็Ÿญใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ใ™ใๆ™‚้–“ๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ
14:16
"seem," okay? When we're looking at "seem," we've done "e." So, go look for "e," lesson
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ ใ€Œeใ€ใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œeใ€ใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ€Œeใ€ใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
14:20
"e." This is using modals to ask for a pass. Remember what a pass does? It allows you to
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใƒ‘ใ‚นใ‚’่ฆๆฑ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‘ใ‚นใฎๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฏ่ƒฝใซใ—ใพใ™
14:25
go places. Now, I might need help, and that will help me do more, right? "Could," sorry,
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ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€็งใฏๅŠฉใ‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใ€
14:30
"can," "could," "would." And I might ask for permission, because I need permission before
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ใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซ่จฑๅฏใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใงใ€่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
14:35
I can move forward. And I go, "Can," "may," or "could." And I gave you examples. Try and
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:40
remember them, yeah? When you go back, there'll be a quiz. Yeah, you know, grammar and that,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใญใ€‚ ๅธฐใฃ ใŸใ‚‰ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใงใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใจใใ‚Œ
14:44
right? So, you know what? I need to give you a pass to a higher education. So, if you don't
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ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ้ซ˜็ญ‰ๆ•™่‚ฒใธใฎใƒ‘ใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ
14:50
mind, right, can I help you learn more English? I would like to, right? I'd like to assist
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅญฆใถใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ—
14:58
you. So, I'm going to send you to www.engvid.com, where you have my permission to get all the
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ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ www.engvid.com ใซ้€ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€
15:12
assistance necessary to learn modals, time clauses, and whatnot in grammar, and some
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ๆณ•ๅˆถใ€ๆ™‚ๅˆถ็ฏ€ใ€ใใฎไป–ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใ™ในใฆใฎๆ”ฏๆด ใจใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ
15:18
vocabulary, brilliant vocabulary pyramid you can learn from, okay? Have a great day, and
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่ชžๅฝ™ใ€ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใงใใ‚‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๅพ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่‰ฏใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’ใŠ้Žใ”ใ—
15:23
I'll see you soon. EngVid.
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ EngVidใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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