Modals in English - MUST

143,798 views ใƒป 2010-10-06

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
There must be something I could watchโ€ฆmust beโ€ฆoh hi, James.
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็งใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ โ€ฆใใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„โ€ฆใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใ€‚
00:15
I was just looking at the paper, because we have a festival in Toronto called TIFF, Toronto
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ใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆใงTIFFใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒใƒซใ€ใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆ
00:20
International Film Festival, something like that, happens every year and they always have
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ๅ›ฝ้š›ๆ˜ ็”ป็ฅญ ใŒๆฏŽๅนด้–‹ๅ‚ฌใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅธธใซ
00:24
these great movies.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ˜ ็”ปใŒไธŠๆ˜ ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ็ด™ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:25
But I usually find it difficult to find something and this year I thought I must go and see
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™. ไปŠๅนด
00:29
the festival and there must be something I could watch and if I miss it, I must not miss
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ใฏใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒใƒซใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใฃ
00:35
it this year.
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ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ.
00:36
That's what I was thinking.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:37
And when I thought of that, I thought of you.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่€ƒใˆใŸใจใใ€ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:39
That's right, I thought of you, because I thought you probably want to know why we
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ ่€ƒใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใชใœ็งใŸใก
00:42
use must in so many different ways, and they're different.
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ใŒ must ใ‚’ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ— ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:46
So I came up with somethingโ€ฆwell, let's talk to Mr. E, he came up with something.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ใคใใพใ—ใŸโ€ฆใˆใˆใจใ€ Eใ•ใ‚“ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ๅฝผใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ใคใ„ใŸ.
00:51
He said, "That must be a new watch, because you haven't been wearing one."
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ๅฝผใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ™‚่จˆใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚ใ€
00:54
Hmm, what do we mean?
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:56
Well, let's look over hereโ€ฆmust.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†โ€ฆใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:00
Must actually isn't what you think it is.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
01:01
Must means thisโ€ฆdot U, dot S, dot T. Huh, well, it'sโ€ฆactually, I don't understandโ€ฆhold
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ใƒžใ‚นใƒˆใจใฏโ€ฆใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆUใ€ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆSใ€ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆTใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™
01:21
on a second.
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ใ€‚
01:23
Must, and then we put this here.
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ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใซ็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:46
Must actually, to me, is a big sentence of "must be understood as a statement of truth."
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็งใซใจใฃใฆใ€must ใฏ ใ€Œ็œŸๅฎŸใฎๅฃฐๆ˜Žใจใ—ใฆ็†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅคงใใชๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:52
When we say "must," someone's trying to tell you something is true, okay?
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็งใŸใกใŒใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€่ชฐใ‹ ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใ ใจไผใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:56
Now, from that "something is true" comes all of this information.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใฎใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:01
Let me give you the first one.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:02
Let's look at number one.
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1ไฝใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:05
Logical conclusion.
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่ซ–็†็š„็ต่ซ–ใ€‚
02:06
Well, "must be understood as a statement of truth."
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใ€Œ็œŸๅฎŸใฎ้™ณ่ฟฐใจใ—ใฆ็†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€ใ€‚ ใŠๆฐ—ใฅใใฎๅ ดๅˆ
02:10
Now we did "must," if you noticed.
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ‚’ ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:12
Now if we look at "be," we say, because we usually say in English, "must be."
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ใ€Œbeใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€้€šๅธธ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€Œmust beใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:19
Mr. E must be wearing a new watch, because I've never seen it before.
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Eใ•ใ‚“ใฏ่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใฎใงๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ ใ€‚
02:25
An example would be this, because "be" here stands for "believe."
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎใ€Œbeใ€ใฏใ€Œbelieveใ€ใ‚’่กจใ™ใŸใ‚ใ€ไพ‹ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
02:32
So I must understand something as a statement of truth, and I believe it's true.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใฎๅฃฐๆ˜Žใจใ—ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
02:37
Cool?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
02:38
Alright.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚
02:39
So we go for our first example.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:40
So we've got "believe," and I would say, "It must be a new watch."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ€ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ™‚่จˆใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:43
Why did I say that?
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ใชใœ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:45
Number one, I have not seen it before.
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็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€‚
02:53
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:54
That's number one.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไธ€็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
02:57
Number two, okay, well, it doesn't have to be new, I haven't seen it before.
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2 ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:03
But he doesn't have a watch.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใฏๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:12
So if I know he doesn't have a watch, and I have not seen this watch before, I would
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ๅฝผใŒๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’ไปฅๅ‰ใซ่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
03:16
say -- that's very fancy English for "therefore," see, "therefore," okay?
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ใฎ้žๅธธใซๆดพๆ‰‹ใช่‹ฑ่ชž ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:28
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:31
It must be new.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:32
So what I'm saying here is, fact one, I've never seen it before.
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ใ“ใ“ใง็งใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ ไบ‹ๅฎŸ 1ใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใซ่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:37
Fact two, he doesn't own a watch.
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ไบ‹ๅฎŸ 2ใ€ ๅฝผใฏๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:39
So conclusion, or logical conclusion, it must be a new watch.
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็ต่ซ–ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ซ–็†็š„ใช็ต่ซ–ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ™‚่จˆใซ้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:44
Cool?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
03:45
Alright.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚
03:46
And that comes from, remember what I said?
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏใ€ ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็œŸๅฎŸใฎๅฃฐๆ˜Žใจใ—ใฆ
03:48
Must be understood as a statement of truth.
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็†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
03:50
Now here's the key thing.
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ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใŒ่‚ๅฟƒใงใ™ใ€‚
03:52
Just because I've done this, and in this case, it might be true, it might not be.
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็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†็†็”ฑใ ใ‘ใงใ€ใ“ใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ใใ†ใงใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
03:57
Maybe Mr. E borrowed the watch from his brother, right?
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใฆใ€Eใ•ใ‚“ ใฏใŠๅ…„ใ•ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚ŠใŸใฎใ‹ใช๏ผŸ
04:00
Maybe he borrowed it, he goes, "That's cool, can I borrow it for today?"
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ใŸใถใ‚“ๅฝผใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚ŠใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ๅฝผใฏ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:02
It's not new, it's an old watch, and he still doesn't have a watch.
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ๆ–ฐๅ“ใงใฏใชใใ€ๅคใ„ๆ™‚่จˆใง ใ€ๅฝผใฏใพใ ๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:07
But it's only true I haven't seen it before.
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ใŸใ ใ€ ่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใฎใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚
04:09
That doesn't necessarily make it true, okay?
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:12
So when we say it is what I believe to be true, and that's what you must understand
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ็งใŒไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใง็†่งฃใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจ
04:15
here.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:16
And that's the key to "must be."
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใ€ใฎ้ตใงใ™ใ€‚
04:18
The key is "believe," and that's why we get a logical conclusion.
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้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€Œไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใจใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ซ–็†็š„ใช็ต่ซ–ใ‚’ๅฐŽใๅ‡บใ™็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
04:21
If the facts are true, then this must be true.
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ไบ‹ๅฎŸใŒ็œŸๅฎŸ ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:24
Now this is true in the present tense.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ‚‚ๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:27
Now we can also talk about this in the future tense, like "you must be."
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ ใ€ใ€Œyou must beใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆœชๆฅๅฝขใง่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:44
So we can talk about it in the future sense, "You must be leaving soon."
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ใใซๅ‡บ็™บใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆœชๆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใง่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:46
Why?
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ใชใœ๏ผŸ
04:47
Because you have to be home by 8 o'clock, it's now 7.30, it's also getting dark,
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8ๆ™‚ใพใงใซๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚‰ใชใใ‚ƒใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ไปŠ7ๆ™‚ๅŠใ ใ—ใ€ๆ—ฅใ‚‚ๆšฎใ‚Œ
04:51
and you have to drive, so you must be leaving soon, right?
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ใฆใใฆใ‚‹ใ—ใ€้‹่ปขใ— ใชใใ‚ƒใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚ใใ‚ๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใชใใ‚ƒใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡๏ผŸ
04:54
Logical conclusion.
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่ซ–็†็š„็ต่ซ–ใ€‚
04:55
Now if I want to say something about it in the past, I have to change it just so slightly.
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้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ™ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ใปใ‚“ใฎๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:01
Now I want to use this term, if I want to say this in the past, okay?
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ไปŠใ€็งใฏใ“ใฎ็”จ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€้ŽๅŽปใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:07
So we did "future," I just showed that, but if I want to say "past," I'm going
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€Œๆœชๆฅใ€ใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ ใ‘ ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ€Œ้ŽๅŽปใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใชใ‚‰
05:11
to do something here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใ€‚
05:12
I'm going to add "have," okay?
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ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:18
I've talked about this before in other lessons, so you might want to go check them out, where
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏไปฅๅ‰ใซไป–ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใฎใงใ€
05:21
I talk about "have" and its modal use, or its perfect use.
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ใ€Œhaveใ€ใจใใฎใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใ€ ใพใŸใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใชไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:25
"Have" is usually a connector, it connects things, that's what I say "have" means.
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ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ๆŽฅ็ถšใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒ ็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
05:29
In this case, "you must have been."
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:32
So by adding "have," I have to use a postparticiple, verb in its postparticiple form.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใงใ€ๅพŒๅˆ†่ฉžๅฝขใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:39
That tells me it's in the past.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ“ใจใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:41
So if I say, "You must have been tired yesterday," okay?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใญใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ„ใ„๏ผŸ
05:46
I'm actually saying, "I believe," because that's good, "must have," "in the
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็งใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ
05:49
past, yesterday, you were tired."
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:51
So, "You must have been tired yesterday."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
05:57
Now once again, I could do something like, "Because you worked a lot, you didn't
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๅƒใใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š
06:02
eat a lot, and you didn't get any sleep, therefore, you must have been tired yesterday,
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้ฃŸในใšใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚‚็œ ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸ ใฎใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใงใฏใชใใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใซ้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใŒใงใ
06:07
not today."
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:08
Cool?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
06:09
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:10
So we've shown how we can use "must be" to show something is what someone believes
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใ€ใ€Œmust beใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ ใ€่ชฐใ‹
06:14
to be true in the past, in the present, and in the future.
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ใŒ้ŽๅŽปใ€็พๅœจใ€ๆœชๆฅใซใŠใ„ใฆ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
06:19
Now, you're probably thinking, "Well, that's all nice, but why do sometimes people
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใ†่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ ใใ‚Œใงใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใชใœไบบ
06:23
say, 'You must not be'?"
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ใฏใ€Žใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใงใ‚ใฃใฆใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€
06:25
It's still what I think is true, but we call it sort of like a negative proof.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใงใ‚‚็งใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใ ใจๆ€ใฃ ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช่จผๆ‹ ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:30
What do I mean by negative proof?
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„่จผๆ‹ ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹?
06:32
So let's add that in there, okay?
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ใงใฏใ€ใใ“ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใฟ ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:34
So I'm still going to say it's "believe."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใพใ  ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
06:37
You still believe something, even though you say "not," because normally you say
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้€šๅธธใ€ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎ
06:39
"not," you mean "no."
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ใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:40
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:41
Normally that's what happens.
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้€šๅธธใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:42
You say "not," "no."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:43
But it's a negative proof, to give you an example.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช่จผๆ‹  ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:49
I want to put that, because that's in "past."
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ ใฎใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ้ŽๅŽปใ€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:05
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:06
Let's go like this for you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:07
Okay, Mr. E, okay, has no job.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€Eใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:14
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:16
Mr. E has no money.
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Eใ•ใ‚“ใฏใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:25
And you might say, "Therefore, Mr. E must not be happy."
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ Eใ•ใ‚“ใฏๅนธใ›ใซใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:38
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:40
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:43
So in this case, we're saying it's a negative proof, saying, "Yes, I believe something
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช ่จผๆ˜Žใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€็งใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใ ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆ
07:45
is true, but in a negative sense, not a positive sense."
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ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:49
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
07:50
Because otherwise, I'd have to say, "Mr. E must be unhappy," which is just flipping
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ใใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ€ŒEใ•ใ‚“ใฏไธๅนธใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ— ใชใ„ใฎใง
07:53
this position of the adjective.
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ใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฎใ“ใฎไฝ็ฝฎใ‚’ใฒใฃใใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:55
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:56
So that's why you hear "must not be."
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€ ใ€Œmust not beใ€ใจ่žใ็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
07:58
It's basically a strong belief in something, right?
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅผทใ„ไฟกๅฟตใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:02
But in a negative way of saying it.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช ๆ–นๆณ•ใง่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:04
Cool.
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ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚
08:05
So we've done the positive, "must be."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใ€Œใใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‰ๅ‘ใใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
08:07
We've done the negative, "must not be."
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็งใŸใกใฏ ใ€Œใใ†ใงใ‚ใฃใฆใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:09
We've done the past, "must have been."
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็งใŸใกใฏ้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€ ใ€Œใใ†ใงใ‚ใฃใŸใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
08:11
So why don't we look down to here?
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ใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ไธ‹ใ‚ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:13
As I said to you, it's funny how we go from something you believe to something that's
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใŸใกใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
08:17
absolutely necessary, necessity.
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็ตถๅฏพใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใธใจ็งป่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™.
08:19
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:20
So then we go from here, the next step was go, "must."
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ใงใฏใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใฏใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:23
Remember what we said?
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็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:24
"Must be understood as something, as a statement of truth."
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ใ€Œ็œŸๅฎŸใฎๅฃฐๆ˜Žใจใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใจใ—ใฆ็†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€
08:27
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
08:28
We look at this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:29
Strong recommendation.
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ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:32
By the way, something before I forget.
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ ็งใŒๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚
08:35
When we say "must" here, I said we always say "must be."
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ ็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:39
That's not necessarily true.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:41
That's not necessarily true.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:43
Because sometimes when we say that, I don't mean something "must be."
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็งใŸใกใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ ็งใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ€Œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.
08:47
I can say, "must like," for instance.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œmust likeใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:51
"Must like."
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ใ€Œๅฅฝใใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€
08:53
And what I mean by that is, you must like ice cream because you buy it all the time.
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็งใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใŒๅฅฝใใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™.
08:57
You offer it to your friends, and it's always in your house.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‹้”ใซๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎถใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
08:59
You must like ice cream.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใŒๅฅฝใใชใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
09:01
In this case, it's still "believe," but I'm just going straight here because something
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ ใ€Œไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™
09:05
must be a statement of truth.
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ใŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใฎๅฃฐๆ˜Žใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€็งใฏใ“ใ“ใงใพใฃใ™ใใซ่กŒใใพใ™.
09:07
And I don't have to put "believe."
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€Œไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:08
It's understood to be believed.
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ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:10
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:11
So sometimes when you see it like that, you have to look for context because context is
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ ใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๆŽขใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ™ในใฆใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
09:14
everything.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:16
And in this case, we're saying, "I believe still."
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œ็งใฏใพใ ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:18
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:19
Cool.
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ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚
09:20
Next one.
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ๆฌกใฎใ€‚
09:21
A strong recommendation.
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ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:22
Well, we told what "must" is here, and we're going to look at strong recommendation.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œๅฟ…้ ˆใ€ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ๅผทๅŠ›ใชๆŽจๅฅจไบ‹้ …ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:26
What would that mean?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:27
Well, once you believe something's true, then you might recommend it to somebody.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฐใ‹ใซๅ‹งใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:32
And this is going to be interesting because here, you notice I have "must."
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใŒไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:35
If you notice here, I have "should" because in North America, we usually say when
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆฐ—ใŒใคใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ ใ€ๅŒ—็ฑณใงใฏใ€
09:38
something's right or the best thing to do, you should do it.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่กŒใ†ใฎใŒๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ในใใ ใจ้€šๅธธ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:42
In England and Canada, we also say, "You must do it."
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใจใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใง ใฏใ€ใ€ŒYou must do it.ใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:44
But we mean it as a strong recommendation.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅผทๅŠ›ใชๆŽจๅฅจไบ‹้ …ใจใ—ใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™.
09:46
For instance, ladies, you're going out.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฅณๆ€งใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:49
You see some beautiful shoes.
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็พŽใ—ใ„้ดใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
09:51
Not mine.
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็งใฎใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€‚
09:52
They don't smell like roses.
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ใƒใƒฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้ฆ™ใ‚Šใฏใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:54
But, you know, you get the drift, and I don't mean the scent of my shoe.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใปใ‚‰ใ€ๆผ‚ๆตใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚็งใฎ้ดใฎๅŒ‚ใ„ใฎใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:57
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:58
Now, you see those shoes, and you say to your best friend, of course, your girlfriend,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎ้ดใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ่ฆชๅ‹ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ฌใƒผใƒซใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใซ
10:03
"Girl, you see those shoes?
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10:04
You must buy them!"
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่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:06
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:10
"Must buy them."
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฒทใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
10:11
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:12
Now, when we're saying that, basically, you're saying, "Hey, look.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œใญใˆใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ๅ–ๅผ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
10:19
I believe this is a good deal."
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ใ€‚
10:21
It's assumed--that's why we don't put the "b" on the end--it's assumed you understand
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ๆœซๅฐพใซใ€Œbใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใชใ„ใฎใฏ
10:24
the logic behind it.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใฎ่ƒŒๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒญใ‚ธใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ‰ๆใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:25
You see the price.
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ไพกๆ ผใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:26
You see the normal price.
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้€šๅธธไพกๆ ผใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
10:27
So, you go, "Hmm, I believe this is a good price, and I ought to do it or I should do
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ„ใ„ ๅ€คๆฎตใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ—ใ€ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ‹ใ€ไปŠใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ 
10:31
it now."
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ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:32
"Should."
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"ใ—ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚"
10:33
Cool?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
10:34
Now, when we say this, it can--like, "You must go to see this movie.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ ใ€Œใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใซ่กŒใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
10:38
It's amazing."
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ใ€‚็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:40
"Must."
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"ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚"
10:41
That's our strong recommendation for the movie, right?
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ˜ ็”ปใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็งใŸใกใฎๅผทใ„ๆŽจ่–ฆ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:43
And that's going to be a future sense, because you're not going to see the movie now.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœชๆฅใฎๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใซ ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.
10:46
I know you're not, because I'm telling you about it, but maybe in five minutes.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏ ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ5ๅˆ†ไปฅๅ†…ใซ.
10:49
But when I say, "You must buy those shoes," I want you to do it now.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œใใฎ้ดใ‚’่ฒทใ‚ใชใใ‚ƒใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏใ€ ไปŠใ™ใ่ฒทใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
10:52
Buy them now, because it's a good deal now.
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ไปŠใชใ‚‰ใŠๅพ—ใชใฎใงๅณ่ณผๅ…ฅใ€‚
10:54
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:55
And remember, in North America, we can also say, "Should."
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ๅŒ—็ฑณใง ใฏใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
10:57
You should buy it, or you should see the movie.
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่ฒทใ†ใ‹ใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆณใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚
10:59
And that's our strong recommendation for the best thing to do.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œ ใŒๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:02
Cool?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
11:03
Brilliant.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
11:04
Now, see, I could say this.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใปใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:08
I could say this as well.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
11:11
But you know what the truth of the matter is?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ•้กŒใฎ็œŸ็›ธใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ‹?
11:13
When you say, "You must buy them," there's more of an immediacy to it.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฒทใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ ใใ‚Œใซใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๅณๆ™‚ๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:16
There's more of a, "You've got to do it.
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ใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„
11:17
You've got to do it now.
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ใ€‚ไปŠใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ€ใ™ใใซใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒ
11:18
Do it immediately, as soon as you can."
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:20
When you should, it's like, "I want to pontificate."
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ•™็š‡ใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:23
Pontificate is a really fancy word for, "Think about it."
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Pontificate ใฏใ€ใ€Œ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎ้žๅธธใซๅ‡ใฃใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚
11:26
But when someone says, "Must," "Do it.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚Œใ€
11:30
Do it now."
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ไปŠใ™ใใ‚„ใ‚Œใ€ใ€‚
11:31
So it's like, "Must."
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:32
Powerful.
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ใƒ‘ใƒฏใƒ•ใƒซใ€‚
11:33
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:34
Cool?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
11:35
Great.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
11:36
We've gone from, "It's logical, Captain."
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ่ซ–็†็š„ใงใ™ใ€่ˆน้•ทใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰้›ขใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:43
Star Trek.
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ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒˆใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€‚
11:44
It's just logical.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ่ซ–็†็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:45
Makes sense.
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็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:46
To, "I strongly recommend it."
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ใ€ŒๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใซใ€‚
11:48
The next one, we're going to go to necessity and prohibition.
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ๆฌกๅ›ž ใฏใ€ๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใจ็ฆๆญขไบ‹้ …ใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
11:51
They're like two sides of a coin.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ณใ‚คใƒณใฎ่ฃ่กจใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
11:54
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:55
If Mr. E was a coin, one side would be the head, and one side would be the tail.
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Eใ•ใ‚“ใ‚’ใ‚ณใ‚คใƒณใซไพ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€็‰‡้ขใŒ่กจ ใ€็‰‡้ขใŒ่ฃใ€‚
12:01
Get it?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
12:02
Heads and tail.
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้ ญใจใ—ใฃใฝใ€‚
12:03
Why?
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ใชใœ๏ผŸ
12:04
Because when something's a necessity, sometimes the actual opposite would be a prohibition.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๅๅฏพใŒ็ฆๆญขใซใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:08
"You must do this," and, "You must not do this."
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ— ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
12:10
For instance, "You must study," or, "You must not fail to study."
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใ— ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใ‚’ๆ€ ใฃใฆใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
12:15
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
12:16
Opposite sides of the coin.
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ใ‚ณใ‚คใƒณใฎๅๅฏพๅดใ€‚
12:17
One is saying, "Do not forget to do this."
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ไธ€ใคใฏใ€ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
12:21
And this is saying, "You must act now."
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ใ€ŒไปŠใ™ใ่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
12:23
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:24
Just opposite sides.
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ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉๅๅฏพๅดใ€‚
12:25
But what's interesting about it is this.
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ใงใ‚‚้ข็™ฝใ„ใฎ ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ€‚
12:28
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:30
You notice this one has a past tense.
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ใ“ใ‚Œ ใซใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:32
If you want to do past tense for this one, it's only for necessity.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ฆๆญขใซ
12:35
There is no past tense for prohibition.
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
12:38
What am I talking about?
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็งใฏไฝ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:39
Well, let's go look for necessity.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:41
These three go right in line.
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ใ“ใฎ3ใคใŒไธ€็›ด็ทšใซไธฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
12:43
First you make, "It's logical."
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ใพใšใ€ใ€Œ่ซ–็†็š„ใ ใ€ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:44
Then you say, "I recommend it."
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ใใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ŒใŠใ™ใ™ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€ใฃใฆใ€‚
12:46
And then afterwards you say, "You know what? Just do it."
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ใใ—ใฆใใฎๅพŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:48
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:49
So we say, "You must."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:00
So if Ezekiel's thinking about this, "You must."
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใŒใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€‚
13:06
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:07
Someone's going to kill you, you must kill him first.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆฎบใใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ…ˆใซๅฝผใ‚’ๆฎบใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
13:10
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:11
Because if you don't kill him first, he'll kill you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ…ˆใซ ๅฝผใ‚’ๆฎบใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆฎบใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:13
It's necessity.
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ๅฟ…้œ€ๅ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:14
You have no choice.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:16
You have no choice.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚’ๆฎบใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ
13:17
You can't say it like, "Had to kill him."
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ใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
13:19
That is, "I must have."
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
13:21
Not in this sense.
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ใ“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:22
In this case, it must, "must."
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:23
Absolutely.
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็ตถๅฏพใ€‚
13:24
If you don't do it, you're dead.
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ใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญปใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:26
In English, if we want to say the past,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง ้ŽๅŽปใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
13:28
the only way to do that, it's funny enough, is to change it to, "Had to."
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€้ข็™ฝใ„ ใ“ใจใซใ€ใ€ŒHad toใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
13:32
"I had to do it."
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"็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚"
13:33
"You have to do it."
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"ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚"
13:34
Or, "Had to do it."
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚
13:35
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:36
Prohibition, on the other hand, is when we say, "Must not."
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€็ฆๆญข ใจใฏใ€ใ€Œใ—ใฆใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
13:39
You're not allowed to.
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่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:40
You have no permission.
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่จฑๅฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:41
You cannot do it.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:42
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:43
That's the prohibition.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็ฆๆญขไบ‹้ …ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:44
And in saying that, we usually use this for near future.
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ใใ†ใฏ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:47
"You must not forget to take your medicine."
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ใ€Œ ่–ฌใ‚’้ฃฒใฟๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
13:49
"You must not."
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"ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚"
13:50
So we'll put that one up there.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใใ“ใซ็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:51
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:52
"You must not--sorry--not forget."
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ใ€Œ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€
14:01
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
14:03
Now, that's near future.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใงใ™ใ€‚
14:06
Generally, we use it for near future.
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้€šๅธธใ€ ่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:08
Another way of saying that would be, "Have to."
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ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ€Œใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:10
Now, I think I've gone on for a long time, and I must not take you any longer.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏ้•ทใ„้–“่กŒใฃใฆใใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใฃใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:14
So what I want you to do is go to--
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14:17
I'll put it on the board.
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่ผ‰ใ›ใพใ™
14:18
I must put it on the board for you, right?
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่ผ‰ใ›ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
14:19
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
14:20
Because I think it's the best thing to do, right?
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไธ€็•ชใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:22
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
14:23
Now, you mustn't forget this email address.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:26
That's email?
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ใใ‚Œใฃใฆใƒกใƒผใƒซ๏ผŸ
14:27
No, sorry.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:28
You must forget that.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:29
Remember the website, which is www.engvid.com.
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www.engvid.com ใจใ„ใ† Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
14:42
Oh, God.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็ฅžๆง˜ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆ
14:43
I must remember I've got to put the dot here.
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ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
14:45
Some people forget, right?
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ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:46
So, logical conclusion.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ซ–็†็š„ใช็ต่ซ–ใ€‚
14:48
I must put the dot.
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็งใฏใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:50
Otherwise, people won't, and they won't get to the website.
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ใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ใจใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใŸใฉใ‚Š็€ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:52
Strong recommendation.
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ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:53
You must come see me and some other videos and other teachers on the site.
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็งใจไป–ใฎ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚„ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใฎไป–ใฎๆ•™ๅธซใซไผšใ„ใซๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:58
If you need to improve your English, then you must study what we're offering.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไธŠ้”ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
15:02
And you must not forget what I'm telling you.
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใฏใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:04
See?
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
15:05
All of the musts used together.
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๅฟ…้œ€ๅ“ใŒไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
15:06
There's your tree.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆœจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:07
Try and remember.
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่ฉฆใ—ใฆ่ฆšใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:08
Go do the quiz.
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:09
And I will be happy to see you now, right?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซไผšใˆใฆใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
15:12
Because you must go immediately.
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ใ™ใใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:14
See you.
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ใพใŸใญใ€‚
15:15
EngVid.
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EngVidใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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