English Grammar: Correlative Conjunctions (NEITHER & NOR, EITHER & OR, BOTH & AND...)

341,000 views

2017-09-28 ใƒป ENGLISH with James


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English Grammar: Correlative Conjunctions (NEITHER & NOR, EITHER & OR, BOTH & AND...)

341,000 views ใƒป 2017-09-28

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo.
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ใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒปใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒปใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒปใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒปใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒปใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒปใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒปใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใ€‚
00:02
Ex my...
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Ex my...
00:05
"Neither you nor your hairy-ass friend can come to my party!"
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆฏ›ใ‚€ใใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅฐปใฎ ๅ‹้”ใ‚‚็งใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“!ใ€
00:08
E! That's so rude.
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ใˆใˆ๏ผ ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅคฑ็คผใงใ™ใ€‚
00:10
Hi. James from engVid.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ engVid ใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใ€‚
00:13
Today's lesson is going to be on correlative conjunctions, or let's say conjunctive pairs
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏใ€็›ธ้–ข ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ€ใพใŸใฏ
00:19
to make it simple.
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็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใƒšใ‚ขใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:21
Mr. E made a statement where he said two things using two words to bring two statements together,
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Eๆฐใฏใ€ 2ใคใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ2ใคใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ2ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใ€
00:29
two related ideas and brought them together.
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2ใคใฎ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ ใพใจใ‚ใŸๅฃฐๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:32
In this case: "you" and "your hairy-ass friend".
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใจ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆฏ›ใ‚€ใใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅฐปใฎๅ‹้”ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:36
I want to go to the board and I want to explain the correlative conjunctions to you, because
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็งใฏ็†ไบ‹ไผšใซ่กŒใใŸใ„ใฎ ใงใ™ใŒใ€
00:41
I know conjunctions you've heard of, but this will be a little twist that can add to your
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็›ธ้–ขๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
00:46
English to make it more advanced. Are you ready?
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ใฒใญใ‚Šใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
00:48
Let's go to the board.
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:50
All right, so E talked about correlative conjunctions, and what I want to do is just go over conjunctions
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ใ•ใฆใ€E ใฏ็›ธ้–ขๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Ž
00:58
basically to you. Okay?
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:59
So, conjunctions like: "for", "so", "because", "and", and "or" are easy.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œforใ€ใ€ใ€Œsoใ€ใ€ ใ€Œbecauseใ€ใ€ใ€Œandใ€ใ€ใ€Œorใ€ใชใฉใฎๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:06
You know, they're everyday words.
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€ ๆ—ฅๅธธใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:08
You say them regularly.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:09
"My friend and I", "You", or "Him", or "Her". Right?
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๅ‹้”ใจ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
01:15
And we use these to join words, clauses, and phrases together. Right?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ€ ็ฏ€ใ€ๅฅใ‚’็ตๅˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
01:23
"The people I saw and my best friends were happy."
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ใ€Œ็งใŒ่ฆ‹ใŸไบบใ€…ใจ็ง ใฎ่ฆชๅ‹ใฏๅนธใ›ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
01:27
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:28
So, a correlative conjunction is the same kind of thing as, like, your joining statements,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็›ธ้–ขๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใฏ ็ตๅˆใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎ
01:33
but they're of... Sorry.
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ... ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:36
"Of", not "or".
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ใ€ŒใพใŸใฏใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€Œใฎใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:38
Of related information.
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้–ข้€ฃๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฎใ€‚
01:44
And when they come together...
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไธ€็ท’ใซใชใ‚‹ใจ
01:45
When I say pairs, it's like imagine a boy and a girl together and they're a happy couple,
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... ใƒšใ‚ขใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€็”ทใฎๅญ ใจๅฅณใฎๅญใŒไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅนธใ›ใชใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
01:48
they work together.
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ไธ€็ท’ใซๅƒใใพใ™.
01:49
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:50
So, "either", "or" is one of the first examples.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใพใŸใฏใ€ ใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
01:53
You've seen "either". Right?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
01:54
Or you've seen "or", but what I want to talk about is "either", "or".
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€ŒใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใฎ ใฏใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใพใŸใฏใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:58
In "either", "or" it gives you a choice.
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ใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใพใŸใฏใ€ใง ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:02
"Either you pay me the money now or I break your legs."
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ใ€ŒไปŠใ™ใใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ† ใ‹ใ€่ถณใ‚’ๆŠ˜ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ ใ€
02:06
You have a choice; whether you like that choice or not, it's a choice.
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้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ้ธๆŠžใŒๅฅฝใใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใซ ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้ธๆŠžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:10
The second one is also...
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2ใค็›ฎใ‚‚...
02:12
Is: "not only", "but also".
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ใ€Œใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:15
It's about surprise.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้ฉšใใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
02:17
In the first case we're saying: "Not only was she happy"-there was a surprise-
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใง ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅนธใ›ใ ใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€้ฉšใ
02:22
"but she also got married", there's even more surprise.
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ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็ตๅฉšใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้ฉšใใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:25
So, in this correlative pair we talk about the idea of surprise.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็›ธ้–ขใƒšใ‚ขใงใฏ ใ€้ฉšใใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:29
You put this plus this, there's a surprise, plus more surprise.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ถณใ™ใจ ใ€้ฉšใใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้ฉšใใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:34
In our third case we talk about negation.
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3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใงใฏ ใ€ๅฆๅฎšใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:36
That's what I was talking about, Mr. E here said: "Not you, nor your friend".
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ใใ† ใ„ใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎEใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใงใ‚‚ใชใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹้”ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:42
A lot of students have a problem with "neither", "nor" or "neither", "nor".
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ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏใ€ ใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:47
By the way, they're the same thing.
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ใกใชใฟใซใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใฏๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:49
You'll hear people say: "Neither this" or "nor".
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:52
My idea on that or my take on that is this: A lot of educated people will say: "Neither",
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็งใฎ่€ƒใˆใ€ใพใŸใฏใใ‚Œใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็งใฎ่ฆ‹่งฃใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎๆ•™่‚ฒใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸไบบใ€…ใฏใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€
02:59
and it's more British.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‹ฑๅ›ฝ็š„ใงใ™.
03:00
And Americans tend to say: "Neither" more.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใฏ ใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:03
Is there really a grammatical difference?
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ไธŠใฎ้•ใ„ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:06
Not at all, but just keep that in mind that if you hear someone say: "Neither" they probably
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ใพใฃใŸใใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ
03:10
have gone to university, a little bit more educated, and "neither" is just more commonplace.
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ๅคงๅญฆใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ•™่‚ฒใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:15
It's not better, it's not worse, it's just a preference in style. Okay?
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่‰ฏใใ‚‚ๆ‚ชใใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใฎๅฅฝใฟใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:20
But when you say "neither"...
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ...
03:21
"Neither", "nor", it means not this and not that.
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ใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:25
It's not a choice.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้ธๆŠžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง
03:27
People confuse "either", "or" because you have a choice.
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ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚’ๆททๅŒใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:29
This means: This is not true and that's not true, so both are not true anymore.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฌกใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™: ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ ใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‚็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใฏใ‚„็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:34
Cool? Keep that in mind.
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ๆถผใ—ใ„๏ผŸ ๅฟƒใซ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:35
It makes everything negative.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:37
And finally: "both", "and" is inclusive or including.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œbothใ€ใ€ใ€Œandใ€ ใฏๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ็š„ใพใŸใฏๅŒ…ๅซ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:41
You know: "Both my brother and my father love baseball."
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ใ€Œๅ…„ ใ‚‚็ˆถใ‚‚้‡Ž็ƒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:46
So I'm taking two, right?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ2ใคๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:48
"Both", my brother, I am saying there are two parts, and the secondary part is included
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ใ€Œไธกๆ–นใ€ๅ…„ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ไบŒ้ƒจใ‚ใ‚‹ใฃใฆ่จ€ใฃใฆใฆ ใ€ไบŒ้ƒจใฏๅ‰้ƒจใซไป˜ใ„
03:53
with the first part, so it's an including. Cool?
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ใฆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅซ ใ‚ใฆใ€‚ ๆถผใ—ใ„๏ผŸ
03:57
Now, we've got the basic lesson down.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:01
We're going to go to the board, of course you know I'm going to give you a bit of a quiz.
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็งใŸใกใฏ็†ไบ‹ไผšใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ ใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:04
I hope you understand.
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ใŠๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใงใใ‚‹ใจ่‰ฏใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€‚
04:05
I'll go over it quickly for you once again just in case.
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ๅฟตใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:08
"Either", "or" is choice; "not only", "but also" is surprise and it's two surprises,
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ใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใพใŸใฏใ€ใฏ้ธๆŠžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใ€ใ€Œ ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใฏ้ฉšใใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€2 ใคใฎ้ฉšใใŒ
04:15
the first case is a surprise, the second one is even more of a surprise; "neither", "nor"
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใฏ้ฉšใใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚น ใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้ฉšใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ€
04:21
is negation, meaning no, x, nothing, no; and "both", "and" is included, so you're including
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ใฏๅฆๅฎšใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€xใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ and "both", "and" ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅซใ‚
04:27
this with that, both she and he were happy. Right? Cool?
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ใฆใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใ‚‚ๅฝผใ‚‚ๅนธใ›ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ๆถผใ—ใ„๏ผŸ
04:32
All right, so once again we're going to do our magic board.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ ใƒžใ‚ธใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
04:36
Got to do a little bit of a quiz, and I'll give you a little bit extra on conjunctions
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บ ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—่ฃœ่ถณ
04:40
in just a second.
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:41
[Snaps]
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[ใ‚นใƒŠใƒƒใƒ—]
04:42
Okay, so you'll remember we were talking about, you know, correlative conjunctions, and what
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸ ใฎใงใ€็›ธ้–ขๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใจใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บ
04:49
I want you to do just before I got to the quiz, because I said we were doing a quiz
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ใซ่กŒใ็›ดๅ‰ใซใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:52
-which is true-I want to show you how they work in sentences
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-ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™-็งใฏ ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใฎใง ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ–‡็ซ ใง็คบใ—ใŸใ„
04:56
because I explained it to you, but
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04:58
I think one picture is worth a thousand words, so we're going to do, well, four pictures.
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ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€1 ๆžšใฎๅ†™็œŸใฏ 1000 ่ชžใฎไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ ๆ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€4 ๆžšใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:03
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:04
So, here are some conjunction examples.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ ๆŽฅ็ถšไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบ
05:09
Four markers to make it clear, okay?
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ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ4ใคใฎใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผ ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:11
So: "They told me to either buy the shoes or put them back."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œ ้ดใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใ‹ใ€ๅ…ƒใซๆˆปใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
05:22
So in this case you can see the choice, you can buy or put them back, but you have to
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€้ธๆŠžใ‚’็ขบ่ช ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅ…ƒใซๆˆปใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
05:27
do one or the other.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:28
Okay? And that's what the "either" is indicating here.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œ ใŒใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ€ใŒ็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:30
"Either buy this one or put them back."
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฒทใ† ใ‹ใ€ๅ…ƒใซๆˆปใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใ€
05:34
That is your choice.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ธๆŠžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:35
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:36
Let's do the next one: "Not only did it smell", okay just to let you know, when you say something
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ๆฌกใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€ŒๅŒ‚ใ„ใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใŠใ„ใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ
05:44
smells in English, it's not usually positive.
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ใ€ ้€šๅธธใฏ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:47
We talk about a scent, someone has a pleasant scent, not a pleasant smell.
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็งใŸใกใฏ้ฆ™ใ‚Šใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅฟƒๅœฐใ‚ˆใ„้ฆ™ใ‚Šใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฟƒๅœฐใ‚ˆใ„้ฆ™ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:51
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:52
So: "Not only did it smell", that's my first part, it's like: "It smelled. I didn't expect it to smell".
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€ŒๅŒ‚ใ„ใŒใ—ใŸใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ† ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ŒๅŒ‚ใ„ใŒใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅŒ‚ใ„ใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€.
05:59
"...but it also tasted funny".
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ใ€Œโ€ฆใงใ‚‚ใ€ใŠใ‹ใ—ใชๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
06:04
So, I'd give you an example of a hamburger.
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ใงใฏใ€ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
06:07
I expect a hamburger to taste a certain way, but if the hamburger had a smell I'd be surprised.
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ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใฏๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใซๅŒ‚ใ„ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใณใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:13
It shouldn't smell like fish, but then it tasted funny.
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้ญšใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใซใŠใ„ใฏใ—ใชใ„ใฏใšใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๅค‰ใชๅ‘ณใŒใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:17
It tasted like, I don't know, licorice.
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็”˜่‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ‘ณใŒใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ๅˆใ‚ใฆ
06:20
Not only was I surprised the first time.
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้ฉšใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
06:22
Remember I told you?
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็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:23
The second one indicates even a greater surprise.
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2 ใค็›ฎใฏ ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅคงใใช้ฉšใใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:25
Something looked a certain way, but tasted or felt a different way.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง่ฆ‹ใˆใŸใŒ ใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅ‘ณใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸ.
06:29
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:30
So here we're looking at surprise and I'm showing you how these show surprise and greater surprise.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ‚ตใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ตใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใจใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใฎใ‚ตใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:36
Let's look at number three, okay?
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3 ็•ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:38
"The dog neither ate nor slept at night."
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ใ€Œใใฎ็Šฌ ใฏๅคœใ‚‚้ฃŸในใšใ€ๅฏใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
06:42
So, it neither ate...
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚้ฃŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ...
06:44
Okay? So it didn't eat.
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰้ฃŸในใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:47
But I'm not even just saying it didn't eat, I'm also going to say it didn't sleep.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ้ฃŸในใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ ใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฏใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ‚‚่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™.
06:52
So, instead of...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ...
06:53
And let's go back to number one where you have a choice of buying it or putting away.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใ‹็‰‡ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใงใใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่ฉฑใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ€‚
06:58
In this case you don't get to eat and you don't get to sleep, neither thing is true.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใ‚‚็œ ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:03
You don't get to do either one, and that's why it's a negation.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใงใใชใ„ ใฎใงใ€ๅฆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚
07:07
Okay?
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07:07
Both are taken away from you.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฅชใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
07:09
Here you're offered a choice, here you show surprise, but in this one you get nothing;
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ้ฉšใใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:14
you don't get this and you don't get that.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‚็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
07:17
Now, finally we have: "Mr. E was both funny and modest about his adventures."
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€ŒEๆฐใฏๅ†’้™บใซใคใ„ใฆ้ข็™ฝใใฆ่ฌ™่™šใงใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ไบŒไบบใŒ
07:23
Well, we're saying the two are together.
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ไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
07:25
In this case he was funny and...
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใฏ้ข็™ฝใใฆ... ่ฉฑ
07:28
If I'm going to go back to, don't tell anybody, but we'll go back to a simple conjunction
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ใ‚’ๆˆปใ™ใชใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใซใ‚‚่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ ใงใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใชๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉž
07:32
"and" because you know "and" means both things are truth.
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ใ€Œandใ€ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œandใ€ ใฏไธกๆ–นใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ .
07:36
This is just saying here the inclusion is both, meaning two things.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅŒ…ๅซใŒไธกๆ–นใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:40
So it's telling you right at the beginning there are two things that are true; one is
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆœ€ๅˆ ใซใ€็œŸๅฎŸใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ 1 ใค
07:43
being funny, the other is being modest, and we're including them together to make it a
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ใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ“ใจใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏ่ฌ™่™šใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
07:47
stronger statement.
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ใ€‚
07:49
So instead of just saying: "He was funny and this", we're saying:
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ˜ใซใ€Œๅฝผใฏ้ข็™ฝใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ ้ข็™ฝใใฆ่ฌ™่™šใ ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ
07:51
"He was both funny and modest", stronger statement and it's inclusive or including.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:58
Do you like that?
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:59
Cool.
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ๆถผใ—ใ„ใ€‚
08:00
Now we've gone through all four sentences, I'm going to test your knowledge because you
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง 4 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ™ในใฆ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:04
have examples of it, you know what it means - let's see how well you do on the quiz.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใงใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ†ใพใใ‚„ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:11
Let's start with number one.
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1็•ชใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:13
"Not only"... Oops, sorry.
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ใ€Œใ ใ‘ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใใฆใ€โ€ฆโ€ฆใ‚ใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:16
"Not only was it"...
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€โ€ฆ
08:18
Sorry.
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:19
"Not only was it of great quality but it was also cheap."
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ใ€Œๅ“่ณชใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ ๅฎ‰ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€
08:24
Would it be A, B, C, or D?
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Aใ€Bใ€Cใ€D ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
08:34
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
08:35
Before I put it on the board, let's go to number two.
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่ผ‰ใ›ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ 2 ็•ชใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:40
"Both the man and his dog were stupid."
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ใ€Œ็”ทใ‚‚ ็Šฌใ‚‚ใƒใ‚ซใ ใฃใŸใ€
08:44
Sorry.
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08:44
I don't know where that came from, but I liked it so I wrote it down.
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
ใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใฎใงๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:47
"Both the man and his dog were stupid."
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ใ€Œ็”ทใ‚‚ ็Šฌใ‚‚ใƒใ‚ซใ ใฃใŸใ€
08:50
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:51
So I want...
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08:51
Once again I'm going to step back, I want you to take a look at your choices and figure out which...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ—ใŸใ„.
ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ็งใฏๅพŒ้€€ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™
08:54
Where it goes. Okay?
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. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:01
Okay, number three: "Neither the woman nor the man were happy with the answer."
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3 ็•ช็›ฎ: ใ€Œๅฅณๆ€ง ใ‚‚็”ทๆ€งใ‚‚็ญ”ใˆใซๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
09:08
Once again, which one do you think would be the correct one?
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
09:11
Inclusion, choice, negation, or surprise?
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ๅŒ…ๅซใ€้ธๆŠžใ€ ๅฆๅฎšใ€ใพใŸใฏ้ฉšใ๏ผŸ
09:20
And finally, we have this one: "Either you watch the program or we turn off the television."
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒ็•ช็ต„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’ๆถˆใ™ใ‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:33
Okay, so you've had time to think about it.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:36
Let's go to the answers and see which one it would be.
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็ญ”ใˆใซ่กŒใใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใ‚Œใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:39
Now, number one was: "Not only was it of great quality but it was also cheap."
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ใ•ใฆใ€1ไฝใฏใ€Œ ๅ“่ณชใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๅฎ‰ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:47
That sounds like a surprise, right?
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้ฉšใใงใ™ใญใ€‚
09:49
"Not only was it of great quality but it was also cheap", so that one goes here.
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ใ€Œๅ“่ณชใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ ๅฎ‰ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–นใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใธใ€‚
09:53
D1 is here.
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D1ใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ€‚
09:55
Surprise, I was surprised at the quality and the cost.
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้ฉšใ ใ€ๅ“่ณชใจใ‚ณใ‚นใƒˆใซ้ฉšใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:59
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
10:00
Now let's look at...
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†... 2็•ช็›ฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
10:01
Take a look at number two: "Both the man and his dog were stupid."
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๏ผš ใ€Œ็”ทใจๅฝผใฎ็Šฌใฎไธกๆ–นใŒๆ„šใ‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
10:06
I know it's a bad sentence, but I just kind of like it.
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๆ‚ชใ„ๆ–‡ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
10:09
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:10
Both.
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ไธกๆ–นใ€‚
10:11
Well, it seems I'm including the man and his dog together, right?
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ ็”ทใจ็Šฌใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
10:14
That would be inclusion. Right?
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŒ…ๅซใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
10:17
So, inclusion, so we're going to go here with number 2.
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ๅŒ…ๅซใงใ™ใฎใงใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ 2 ็•ชใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
10:19
Inclusion or included.
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ๅŒ…ๅซใพใŸใฏๅŒ…ๅซใ€‚
10:22
How about this one: "Neither the woman nor the man were happy with the answer"?
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ใ€Œๅฅณๆ€ง ใ‚‚็”ทๆ€งใ‚‚็ญ”ใˆใซๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
10:26
So not this one and not that one, I think that would be...
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใชใใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏโ€ฆใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹
10:30
What do you think that would be?
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ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:32
Yeah, I made that one easy, here we go, 3, negation. Right?
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ใˆใˆใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€3ใ€ๅฆๅฎšใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
10:37
Both of them were not happy.
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ไบŒไบบใจใ‚‚ๅนธใ›ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:40
And finally, we know the answer is choice, let's go down to number four:
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏ้ธๆŠžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฌฌ 4 ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:45
"Either you watch the program or we turn off the television."
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ใ€Œ็•ช็ต„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’ๆถˆใ™ใ‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:49
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:50
Number 4.
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็•ชๅท 4.
10:53
And there we have our answers.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ็ญ”ใˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:55
How did you do?
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ใฉใ†ใ ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:56
Did you get all four correct?
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4ๅ•ๆญฃ่งฃใงใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
10:58
If not, we should go back...
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ใใ†ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ๆˆปใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใซใƒปใƒปใƒป
10:59
Go back to the beginning, watch the explanation, and then look at the example sentences
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซๆˆปใฃใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
11:03
I have over here-right?-to make sure you understand properly.
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I have over here-right?- ใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใจ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:08
Now, time for me to get going.
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ใ•ใ‚ใ€็งใŒๅ‡บ็™บใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:10
I've got a bit of pairing to do myself.
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็ง ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใƒšใ‚ขใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:12
Do you know what I mean? [Clicks tongue].
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ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ [่ˆŒใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ™]ใ€‚
11:14
Okay, anyway, before I go I just want to say: Thank you very much for watching the video.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€็งใŒ่กŒใๅ‰ใซ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎ ใฏใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
11:19
Please go to engVid, because if you know, when you go to engVid you'll notice that I
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engVid ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€engVid ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€็ง
11:23
actually did another video on comma girl and I think it was...
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ใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚ณใƒณใƒž ใ‚ฌใƒผใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆๅˆฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸ ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:28
Comma girl and conjunction boy, so that's, you know, in greater detail on that.
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ใใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใ€‚
11:34
Anyway, and we have...
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™...
11:35
Also have other information from other teachers doing the same thing.
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ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎๆ•™ๅธซใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎไป–ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
11:38
But I want to say thank you once again, and I'm going to say go to www.engvid.com,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใŠ็คผใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:45
where you can see my video and other ones, and don't forget to subscribe;
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็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚„ไป–ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:48
push that button, press that screen, whatever you've got to do.
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ใใฎใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎ ็”ป้ขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
11:51
All right?
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11:51
Have a good one.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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