English Grammar - PASSIVE

349,159 views ใƒป 2009-06-06

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi. James from EngVid. Ezekiel. He's here and he's had two shows. He's been on two videos.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ EngVid ใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใ€‚ ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ“ใ“ ใซใ„ใฆใ€2ๅ›žใฎใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ 2 ใคใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใซๅ‡บๆผ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:18
Now he's writing his own messages. Let's see what he's got, okay?
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ไปŠใ€ๅฝผใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:21
This lesson has been thought up by me, Mr. E. Ezekiel, you're a funny guy. His, was,
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ็งใŒ่€ƒๆกˆใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€ E. ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฎใ€ใ ใฃใŸใ€ใใ†
00:28
will be and has been. He's testing me and I think I know the answer. If you can figure
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ใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใใ—ใฆไปŠใพใงใ‚‚ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ็งใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€็ง ใฏ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚Œ
00:36
it out, great. But let's go to the board and try to figure it out. Mr. E. Mr. E. See how
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ใฐใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ Mr. E. Mr. E. ๅฝผใŒใ„ใ‹ใซ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
00:43
funny he is? He's saying it's a Mr. E, a challenge. I got the answer. Ready?
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EๆฐใฎๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ญ”ใˆใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™๏ผŸ
00:52
So Mr. E, the clue is here. First, he has is, was, will be, has been, right? The verb
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ใใ‚ŒใงEใ•ใ‚“ใ€ๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€ๅฝผใฏ isใ€wasใ€will beใ€beves ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:01
to be in the present, past, future and perfect sense. And then he talked about has been thought
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็พๅœจใ€้ŽๅŽปใ€ๆœชๆฅใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใช ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใŒ่ฉฑใ—
01:10
up by me. By me is used in one particular tense. Or actually voice and I figured it
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ใŸใฎใฏ็งใŒ่€ƒใˆใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ by me ใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‹ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅฃฐใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—
01:18
out. Let's work, okay? By me usually indicates that this is not as important as what was
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ใŸใ€‚ ๅƒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใฏ้€šๅธธ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่กŒใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใปใฉ้‡่ฆใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆ
01:28
done. And when we use this, I'm being very, very mysterious right now. When we use this
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใ€็งใฏ ไปŠใ€้žๅธธใซ็ฅž็ง˜็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅฃฐใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใ€
01:34
voice we're actually trying to tell you two things, okay? What we're trying to tell
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒไผใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆ
01:39
you is one, two, one, maybe we don't know who is doing the action, okay? Or we simply
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ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ใ€1ใ€2ใ€1 ใงใ™ใ€‚ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€่ชฐใŒใใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซ
02:01
don't care. Have you figured out the Mr. E? It's the passive voice. When we use the passive
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ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ Eใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจ
02:14
voice, two things occur. Number one, or come to mind, number one, either we don't know
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ใ€2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฏใƒณใ€ใพใŸใฏ ้ ญใซๆตฎใ‹ใถใ€ใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฏใƒณใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐ
02:20
who's done it. For instance, the house was built 20 years ago. Who built the house? I
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ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใฎๅฎถใฏ 20 ๅนดๅ‰ใซๅปบใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ชฐใŒๅฎถใ‚’ๅปบใฆใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚
02:26
don't know. Do you know? Don't think so. Or someone, my wallet was stolen by someone.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ†ใฏๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ ่ชฐใ‹ใ€็งใฎ่ฒกๅธƒใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซ็›—ใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:37
My wallet was stolen by someone. Who stole it? I don't really care. I want my money back.
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็งใฎ่ฒกๅธƒใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซ็›—ใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ชฐใŒ็›—ใ‚“ ใ ใฎ๏ผŸ ็งใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
02:40
I want my wallet back, okay? Was stolen. Now when we look here, what we have to do is figure
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่ฒกๅธƒใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๆˆปใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็›—ใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œ
02:45
out how do we get the passive voice. Well, the first hint is right here. These are all
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ใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ–ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆ ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ
02:53
forms of the verb to be, okay? Now we have, as I said, the present tense of the verb to
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beๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใงใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž to be ใฎ็พๅœจๅฝข
02:58
be, past tense. This is the third person singular. We have the future tense. We'll have to teach
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœชๆฅๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ
03:04
you about the future, won't we? But for now, future tense. When we have will, the verb
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซๆœชๆฅใซใคใ„ใฆๆ•™ใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใงใ‚‚ไปŠใฏ ๆœชๆฅๅฝขใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒๆ„ๅฟ—ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
03:08
that follows is usually in the base form, and we've got that here. And we have the perfect
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ใใ‚Œใซ็ถšใๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ้€šๅธธๅŽŸๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฎŒไบ†
03:11
tense. So we have have or has, and we have been. Has been. William Shatner, look it up.
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ๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใŸใกใฏใใ† ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒชใ‚ขใƒ ใƒปใ‚ทใƒฃใƒˆใƒŠใƒผใ€่ชฟในใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:17
Anyway, has been. So, we use in the passive the verb to be plus a past participle. I'm
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž to be ใจ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:28
going to put PP here. And we look at Mr. E's lesson. If you look here, he's got what? Here's
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ใ“ใ“ใซPPใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€Eใ•ใ‚“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฝผใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œ
03:33
your verb to be. Here's your perfect. And this is the past participle of faith, right?
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ใŒๅ‹•่ฉžto beใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎŒ็’งใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฟกไปฐใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:39
See, he's a very sneaky guy, alright? This is the passive form. This lesson has been
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅ‘ๅŠฃใช็”ทใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ
03:45
thought up by me, Mr. E, right? Cool, yeah. See, right? I do too. So, when we talk about
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Eใ•ใ‚“ใŒ่€ƒใˆใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใˆใˆใ€ใ‚ฏใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใปใ‚‰ใ€ใใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡๏ผŸ ็งใ‚‚ใ€‚ ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ
03:51
the passive voice, there's two things to remember. Number one, we may not know who's done it.
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ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€่ชฐใŒใ‚„ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:55
Number two, we don't care who's done it. Sometimes, actually, what we want to stress is, this
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็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€่ชฐใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‹ใฏๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€็งใŸใกใŒๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
04:00
is sort of the underlying theme, or the reason why we do it. We really want to talk about
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ใŒไธ€็จฎใฎๆ นๅบ•ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใ€ใพใŸใฏ ็งใŸใกใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†็†็”ฑใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™.
04:05
what's being affected. So instead of being done, we want to know what's being affected,
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ไฝ•ใŒๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ ๅฎŒไบ†ใงใฏใชใใ€ไฝ•ใŒๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใงใฏใชใ„
04:09
right? The object that's being affected. Because when we do the structure for the passive,
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ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€‚ ใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใจใ
04:14
okay? I'll give you an example. James wrote this message. Now, active, James wrote. You
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ James ใŒ ใ“ใฎใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็พๅœจใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใฏๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ
04:33
know I wrote it. That's active, okay? Put active up here. You know that's active, yeah?
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ใฏ็งใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:44
Now, how do we make this passive? Now, first off, by James, we can use, we can just say
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€James ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€
05:09
this message was written. We don't have to say by James. But sometimes, it's nice to
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ใ“ใฎใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใŒๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ
05:13
include the author, or the person doing the action. But what we care about is this part
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ใฏใ€ไฝœๆˆ่€…ใ‚„ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆฐ—ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใพใ•ใซใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†
05:19
right there. This message. Now, in this sentence, this message is the object. So we're talking
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใŒ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š
05:25
about the effect on the object. So this message was written by James. This is important to
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ใ€ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใธใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธ ใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
05:29
us. So the object's important, so we make it basically the subject of the sentence.
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็งใŸใกใซใจใฃใฆ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒ้‡่ฆใชใฎใงใ€ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:34
You know why? Because the person doing the action is by James. This house was built by
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็†็”ฑใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅฎถใฏไฝ•ใจใ‹ไฝ•ใจใ‹ๅปบใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
05:39
blah, blah, blah. Okay? Cool? So, when we use the active, we want to say who's doing
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€่ชฐใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™
05:45
it. When we use the passive, we want to say the reaction or the action on the thing itself.
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ใ€‚ ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ ใ€็‰ฉ่‡ชไฝ“ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅๅฟœใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:49
Right? Cool? Now, how do we do it? Once again, you remember what we said. We have the subject
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ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ใฉใ†ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไธป่ชž
05:55
plus verb to be, right? Plus, plus participle. Now, depending if we're looking at the present
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ใซๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใŸใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นๅˆ†่ฉžใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใซๅฟœใ˜
06:03
perfect, then we're going to have to have the verb have and the verb to be, plus plus
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ใฆ ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž have ใจๅ‹•่ฉž to be ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ๆŒใŸใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
06:08
participle. Hell, why am I telling you when I can just write it to make your life easy?
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ใ€‚ ๅœฐ็„ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบบ็”Ÿใ‚’ๆฅฝใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€ใชใœ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:15
Okay? So, if we're doing present tense, it would be subject plus verb to be, right? Plus
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็พๅœจๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น
06:29
PP. That'd be present tense. Past tense, it'd be subject plus verb to be, in the past, plus
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PPใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ€้ŽๅŽปใซใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น
06:40
PP. Future tense, it'd be subject plus will, plus verb to be, base, plus PP. And, present
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PP ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœชๆฅๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏใ€ไธป่ชžใจ willใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉž to beใ€่ชžๅŸบใ€PP ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ€็พๅœจ
06:58
perfect tense, okay? Subject plus have, they were has, okay? And, verb to be, PP, okay?
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ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ไปถๅใซๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใฏ has ใงใ—ใŸใญใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€PPใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:14
And then PP. Look what up. That's how the structure for the passive. With the use we
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰PPใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใฎ ๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใŸไฝฟใ„ๆ–น
07:27
talked about, if you remember rightly, right? One or two uses. We don't know who did it,
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ใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ˜ๆ†ถใŒๆญฃใ—ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ 1ใคใ‹2ใคใฎไฝฟ็”จใ€‚ ่ชฐใŒใ‚„ใฃใŸใฎ
07:32
or we don't really care, right? Now, something to keep in mind when we talk about passive
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ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใจใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใŒ
07:37
and active, and I'll make it quick because I've got to go soon, right? I've got to go.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ™ใใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ? ็งใฏ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:41
See, that's not passive. We usually use the active because the active is much more lively,
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆดปๆฐ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
07:47
much more informative, much more direct. But, you can use the passive form when you want
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ๆƒ…ๅ ฑ้‡ใŒๅคšใใ€็›ดๆŽฅ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€้€šๅธธใฏ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:52
to, maybe you have to say something and it's not nice, and you want to make it softer for
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚„ใ€ใใ‚Œ ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ๅ—ไฟกใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใซใจใฃใฆใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใซใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒ
07:56
the person receiving the message. For instance, we have reviewed your work and we don't like
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไฝœๅ“ใ‚’ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—
08:06
it. That's not so good, is it? So, your work has been reviewed by some people and they
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ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใใชใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไฝœๅ“ ใฏไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎไบบใ€…ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ•ใ‚Œใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰
08:11
do not like it. Softer. You're not saying we, you're saying some people, and it's not
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ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ็งใŸใกใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎไบบใ€…ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
08:17
you. So, sometimes the passive is used to soften the blow, as we say, to make it easier
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใฏๆ‰“ๆ’ƒใ‚’ๅ’Œใ‚‰ใ’ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
08:21
on others. Anyway, I've got to get the heck out of here. Hope this has been informative.
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใใ€็งใฏใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆŠœใ‘ๅ‡บใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ‚่€ƒใซใชใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:24
If it's not, it's not my fault. Talk to Mr. E. He's got a good sense of humor. I'm going
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ใใ†ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎใ›ใ„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ Eๆฐใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใƒฆใƒผใƒขใ‚ขใฎใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒ
08:30
to go and I'm going to show you where you should go to get more lessons on the passive,
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่กŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆŒใฃใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ€้–“ๆŽฅๅฃฐใ€็›ดๆŽฅๅฃฐใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฉใ“ใซ่กŒใในใ
08:34
the active, the indirect, the direct, you know, voices that we have in English. Want
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ใ‹ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™.
08:40
to go there? Go here. One, two, three. That's www.eng, as in English, of course. That's
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ใใ“ใซ่กŒใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ 1 2 3ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ www.eng ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ
08:47
what we're working in. Vid, as in video. I just love our name. Okay? Dot com. I'll be
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็งใŸใกใŒๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™.Vidใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚ ็งใฏ ็งใŸใกใฎๅๅ‰ใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใƒ ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
08:54
there with some other teachers. We'd be happy to teach you about passive, active, indirect,
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ไป–ใฎๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŸใกใจไธ€็ท’ใซใใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•็š„ใ€้–“ๆŽฅ็š„ใ€
08:58
direct, whatever tense is. You know, you need to think about it. I've got to get out of
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็›ดๆŽฅ็š„ใชใฉใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
09:02
here. I need to make my head spin. Have a good one. Has been.
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏ้ ญใ‚’ๅ›ž่ปขใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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