How to Write an Effective Essay: The Introduction

3,324,686 views ใƒป 2011-07-12

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, James from engVid. I'm having a hard time reading this paper because a lot of the articles
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€engVid ใฎ James ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใฎใซ่‹ฆๅŠด
00:15
just don't interest me. And that's a problem, because this is a paper. They make money because
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ด™ใชใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใใฎใฏใ€
00:21
people want to read what they have to say. Now, you are probably not writing for a newspaper
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ไบบใ€…ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็™บ่จ€ใ‚’่ชญใฟใŸใŒใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๆ–ฐ่žใ‚„้›‘่ชŒใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
00:27
or a magazine, but I bet you're in school writing essays, or you wouldn't be looking
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ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅญฆๆ กใง ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
00:31
at this particular video, which is about, well, what is it? It is the ultimate intro.
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็ฉถๆฅตใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒญใงใ™ใ€‚
00:38
Whoa, whoa, whoa. Okay, the ultimate intro to what? To writing essays. A lot of you are
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ใŠใฃใ€ใŠใฃใ€ใŠใฃใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€็ฉถๆฅตใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒญ ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใซใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅคšใใฏ
00:44
studying for TOEFL, IELTS, or TOEIC, or you just want to write and you want to write well
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ใ€TOEFLใ€IELTSใ€ใพใŸใฏ TOEIC ใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ๅ˜ใซๆ›ธใใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงไธŠๆ‰‹ใซๆ›ธใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:49
in English. Well, this lesson, what we're going to do is we're going to specialize on
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง ใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใซ็‰นๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
00:53
the introduction. I did another lesson, one of the five-point or the five-part essay.
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ ใ€5 ็‚นใพใŸใฏ 5 ้ƒจๆง‹ๆˆใฎใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:58
If you go back and look, it's up on engVid right now, and it shows the parts of the essay
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ๆˆปใฃใฆ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€็พๅœจ engVid ใซใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ• ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใฎไธ€้ƒจใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œ
01:03
and generally went over it. But then I thought, "You know what?" And I actually had a student
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ใ€ๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ใ€ ใ€Œ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ‚‹๏ผŸใ€ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅคœ
01:07
thank you from Canada, Toronto, walk up to me one night and said, "You do English lesson
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ใ€ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใฎใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใŸๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใŒ ็งใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซๆฅใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใง่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ
01:12
on essay?" And I went, "Yeah." She went, "More." So I went, "Okay, here we are." So what I
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ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ€Œใˆใˆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใง็งใฏ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€Œใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็ง
01:16
want to do is I want to help you write the ultimate intro. I'm going to give you the
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ใŒใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ฉถๆฅตใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒญใ‚’ๆ›ธใใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ . ็งใฏ
01:19
basics so you can do something that will make you -- well, there are four reasons for a
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚ใชใŸใซๅŸบๆœฌใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š ใงใ™-ใพใ‚ใ€่‰ฏใ„ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒญใฎ4ใคใฎ็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
01:23
good intro. Number one, if you do a good intro, your whole essay will be easier to write,
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. ็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€้ฉๅˆ‡ใชใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒญ ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คๅ…จไฝ“ใŒๆ›ธใใ‚„ใ™ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:29
and I'll show you why in a second or two, because the introduction is like a seed. You
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ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒญใฏ็จฎใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใชใฎใงใ€ใใฎ็†็”ฑใ‚’ 1ใ€2 ็ง’ใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:35
know when you have an apple, the little brown thing? You take the little seed, drop it in
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ใ‚Šใ‚“ใ”ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ๅฐใ•ใช่Œถ่‰ฒใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฐใ•ใช็จฎ
01:39
the ground, a tree grows, okay? If you do the right introduction, it'll grow the best
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ใ‚’ๅœฐ้ขใซ่ฝใจใ™ใจใ€ๆœจใŒ่‚ฒใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ฉๅˆ‡ใชๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ‚’่กŒใˆใฐใ€ๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎๆœจใŒ่‚ฒใก
01:44
tree. I'll make it simple for you, okay? Another thing is, with a good introduction, it helps
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ ใ“ใจใฏใ€้ฉๅˆ‡ใช็ดนไป‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€่ชญ่€…
01:50
you by giving the details that you want to give to the reader right there so they know
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ใซๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ„่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’ใใฎๅ ดใง ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€่ชญ่€…
01:55
if they want to read it or not, okay? It also makes it easier for the reader to understand
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ใŒ่ชญใฟใŸใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸ ใ€่ชญ่€…ใŒ็†่งฃใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใ
02:00
and follow, right? So we've got number one, easier for you to write. Number two, easier
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ๅพ“ใ†ใฎใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไธ€็•ช ๆ›ธใใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€่ชญ่€…
02:05
for the -- oh, sorry, makes it better for the reader to follow. Number three, it gives
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ใซใจใฃใฆใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ -- ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€่ชญ่€…ใŒใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ 3็•ช็›ฎใ€ใใ‚Œ
02:10
the order of your argument, right? You can say, "I'm going to say this, and they're going
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ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใฎ้ †ๅบใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใ€Œ็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
02:14
to talk about this, this, and this," so they know what's going on, okay? And number four,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆ4็•ช็›ฎใซ
02:19
it gives the details. You go, "The story's about one, two, three, four." They understand.
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ใ€่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ็‰ฉ่ชžใฏ1ใ€2ใ€3ใ€4ใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:23
So why don't we get to it instead of just talking about it? You notice I have something
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ใงใฏใ€ใŸใ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่งฆใ‚Œใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ‹? ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็งใŒใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ไธŠใงไฝ•ใ‹ๅค‰ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ
02:27
weird on the board today. Ezekiel's also confused. He's going, "What is this?" It looks like
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใ‚‚ๅ›ฐๆƒ‘ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:33
a diagram for Star Trek, the engine room, right? "Captain here on the fallopian tubes."
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ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒˆใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒณใƒซใƒผใƒ ใฎๅ›ณใฟใŸใ„ ใงใ—ใ‚‡๏ผŸ ใ€Œใ“ใ“ใฎๅต็ฎกใฎ่ˆน้•ทใ€‚ใ€
02:39
Did I say fallopian tubes? They don't have fallopian tubes. That'll be another lesson.
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ๅต็ฎกใฃใฆ่จ€ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใฏๅต็ฎกใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:43
But what we set out is the outline, and what I want you to do is if you -- what you want
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่จญๅฎšใ—ใŸใฎใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใƒณ ใงใ™ใ€‚็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใ—ใฆ
02:47
to do is before you write an essay, you want to write out this outline every time. I'm
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ใปใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅ‰ใซใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ๆฏŽๅ›žๆ›ธใๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒ่ชฟใน
02:50
going to go through and give you the particular parts, and then you can fill it in, all right?
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ใฆ็‰นๅฎšใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใซๆธกใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:54
So why don't we start off at the beginning? Up here is what we call a "grabber," okay?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒใƒผใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:59
The grabber. And you're going to say, "What is a grabber?" Well, it's not "grab her."
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ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒใƒผใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒใƒผใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’ใคใ‹ใ‚€ใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:06
Don't get a girl and grab her. You'll go to jail. What you want to do is catch someone's
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ๅฅณใฎๅญใ‚’ๆ•ใพใˆใฆใคใ‹ใพใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅˆ‘ๅ‹™ๆ‰€ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎ
03:10
attention. If you remember rightly, I said I'm not really interested in what was in the
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ๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๅผ•ใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ˜ๆ†ถใŒๆญฃใ—ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ็งใฏใใฎ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใซใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ˆˆๅ‘ณ
03:14
paper, and I wasn't. And it's simply because they didn't grab my intention. To grab means
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ใŒใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็ด”ใซใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็งใฎๆ„ๅ›ณใ‚’ๆŽดใ‚“ใงใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใ‹ใ‚€ใจใฏใ€ใคใ‹ใ‚“ใงใคใ‹ใ‚€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
03:19
to catch and hold. They didn't catch it and hold it. Now, a good grabber -- I wrote this
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ•ใพใˆใฆไฟๆŒใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ— ใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒใƒผ -- ็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใซๆ›ธใใพใ—
03:25
here, but what a good grabber will do is will make you read it, look at it at first, and
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ใŸใŒใ€่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒใƒผใŒ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹
03:31
then make you want to go deeper. Well, how do we get a good grabber? Well, there are
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ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ๆฌกใซๆทฑใๆŽ˜ใ‚Šไธ‹ใ’ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใ•ใฆใ€ใฉใ† ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒใƒผใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€
03:34
five basic ways we usually talk about. Five-finger method, all right? Now, number one is this.
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็งใŸใกใŒ้€šๅธธ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹5ใคใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ไบ”ๆŒ‡ ๆณ•ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€1ไฝใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ€‚
03:40
Hold on. Why did the chicken cross the road? Come on. You want to know, right? Okay. To
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ๆŒ็ถšใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ้ถใŒ้“่ทฏใ‚’ๆธกใฃใŸใฎใฏใชใœใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ ๆฅใฆใ€‚ ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:49
go to Kentucky Fried Chicken and see its relatives, you like, right? You're like, "It's horrible.
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ใ‚ฑใƒณใ‚ฟใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผ ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ ใƒใ‚ญใƒณใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใฎ่ฆชๆˆšใซไผšใ„ใซ่กŒใใฎ ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใฒใฉใ„ใ€ใฒใฉใ„ใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™
03:55
It's horrible." But it's a joke. Sometimes you can actually start off an essay with a
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ†—่ซ‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚ใซใฏ ใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’
04:02
joke, a little bit of a joke. It makes people go, "That's funny." And then I'm going to
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ๅ†—่ซ‡ใงใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸๅ†—่ซ‡ใงๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไบบใ€… ใ‚’ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ€ใจใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
04:06
say, "Why did you tell me this joke? I grabbed you. I got you. Now you're curious about what
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ใ€ใ€Œใชใœใ“ใฎใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹?็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใคใ‹ใฟใพใ—ใŸ .็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ•ใพใˆใพใ—ใŸ.ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
04:11
else I have to say, even if it's not the best joke." Okay? Now, sometimes we want to be
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็งใŒไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™,ใŸใจใˆใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใงใชใใฆใ‚‚ .ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:16
a little bit more serious because we are obviously studying at higher institutes of learning,
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็งใŸใกใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ ใซ้ซ˜็ญ‰ๆ•™่‚ฒๆฉŸ้–ขใงๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—
04:21
all right? And if you're doing that, then you might want to go a little bit higher.
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็œŸๅ‰ฃใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ไธŠใซ่กŒใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
04:25
You might want to put down the old proverbial proverb, you know? "A bird in the hand" -- oops,
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ๅคใ„ใ“ใจใ‚ใ–ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ› ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๆ‰‹ใซ้ณฅใ€ --
04:34
sorry. That's "proverd." I perverd something else, but I didn't write it. All right. Proverb,
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ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œ่จผๆ˜Žใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใฒใญใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใจใ‚ใ–
04:41
all right? And, you know, a proverb is basically something that's been written a long time
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ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใจใ‚ใ–ใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ ใšใฃใจๅ‰ใซๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸ
04:46
ago. Everybody kind of knows it. We don't know who said it. "A bird in the hand" is
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ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œไธ€็พฝใฎ้ณฅใ€ใฏ
04:50
better than "two in the bush." George Bush, I'm not talking about you. Okay? You know,
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ใ€ŒไบŒ็พฝใฎ่Œ‚ใฟใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ธใƒปใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ€ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
04:56
everybody knows these things. I mean, that one is in several languages. People literally
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่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ่จ€่ชžใงๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใ€…ใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š
04:59
have told me. We have it in my language. Who made it? We don't know. But then sometimes
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็งใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ็งใฎ่จ€่ชžใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใŒ ไฝœใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ™‚ใซใฏ
05:03
you want to get a little bit more, you know, poignant, or you want to get a little bit
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ ๅฟƒใซ่จดใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€ใพใŸใฏ
05:06
more serious, so you want to use a quote. One of my favorite quotes is by a guy named
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็œŸๅ‰ฃใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅผ•็”จใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎๅผ•็”จใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎ้ฆ–็›ธใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒณ ใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒใƒซใจใ„ใ†ไบบ็‰ฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™
05:12
Winston Churchill, our Prime Minister of England. And one day I'll wear my England shirt with
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ„ใคใฎๆ—ฅใ‹ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅๅ‰ใŒๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใฎใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚’็€ใ‚‹ๆ—ฅใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
05:15
my name on it. Look out for that lesson, okay? Anyway, he said, "I am always ready to learn.
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ใ€‚ ใใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใญใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ๅญฆใถๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:23
However, I am not always prepared to be taught." And that's where I kind of get my philosophy
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅธธใซๆ•™ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจๅฝผใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๅ“ฒๅญฆใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใง
05:29
for teaching as well, right? Like, people always want to learn. They never say, "I don't
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ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ ๅธธใซๅญฆใณใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใณใŸใใชใ„ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
05:32
want to learn English." They just might not like your style of teaching, so you have to
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ•™ใˆๆ–นใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ฉๅฟœใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
05:36
adapt, right? So you might have a quote, which I just gave you.
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซไธŽใˆใŸ่ฆ‹็ฉใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ› ใ‚“.
05:40
The next is this, because that's sometimes a little bit what we call "fru-fru," a little
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ๆฌกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒใ€Œใƒ•ใƒซใƒ•ใƒซใ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹
05:44
bit. You might want to bring it a little bit more down to earth, and you might want to
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ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็พๅฎŸ ็š„ใซใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—
05:47
use your own anecdote, a little story from your life, you know? So you're talking about
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎ้€ธ่ฉฑใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบบ็”Ÿใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๅฐใ•ใช็‰ฉ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใญ.
05:54
the essay, and you go, "In my life, maybe I came from a small town up in New Haven."
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ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎไบบ็”Ÿใง ใฏใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒ˜ใƒ–ใƒณใฎๅฐใ•ใช็”บใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:00
I'm making this up. It's a story, right? "And everybody was poor, but the one thing we had
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝœใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ่ฒงใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใŒใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎ
06:05
was soul. We cared," right? And then you might turn around and say in your essay, "It's this
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ใฏ้ญ‚ใ ใ‘ใ ใฃใŸ.็งใŸใกใฏๆฐ—ใซใ‹ใ‘ใŸ. ใใ—ใฆ ๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใฃใฆใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใงใ“ใ†
06:11
caring that makes humanity work. It doesn't matter what we have." And you go, "Oh my God,
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่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใฃใŸใ€
06:16
that's so deep," right? So an anecdote can do that.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆทฑใ„ใ€ใจ ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้€ธ่ฉฑใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:19
Now, there's a couple other things, because if you're doing -- well, maybe, as I said,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไป–ใซใ‚‚ใ„ใใค ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใพใ‚ใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
06:22
you might not be in school. Maybe you're doing business, and there are a couple other things
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅญฆๆ กใซ้€šใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“. ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ•†ๅฃฒใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆใ†ใพใใ„ใใ“ใจใŒไป–ใซใ‚‚ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Š
06:25
that would work well for you. Well, one is a surprising fact. Oh, I shouldn't have told
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ไธ€ใค ใฏ้ฉšใในใไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใพใ ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ
06:32
you yet. Did you know one in two people are female? Yeah, of course you did. That's not
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ใฆ่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ 2ไบบใซ1ไบบใŒๅฅณๆ€งใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใˆใˆใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
06:44
a surprising fact, but you get the drift. When I say you get the drift, you get the
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ใฏ้ฉšใในใไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใƒ‰ใƒชใƒ•ใƒˆใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒใƒ‰ใƒชใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
06:48
general idea, which basically means you tell people something that they may not have known.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่€ƒใˆใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€ ไบบใ€…ใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไบบใ€…ใซไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:53
Completely surprises them. Like diet cola will rot your brain and give you brain cancer.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ้ฉšใ‹ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ€ใ‚คใ‚จใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใƒผใƒฉ ใŒ่„ณใ‚’่…ๆ•—ใ•ใ›ใ€่„ณ่…ซ็˜ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
06:59
I'm sure you're like, "Please do that!" right now, right? You're like, "Oh my God, no one
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ใใฃใจใ€Œใใ†ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผใ€ ไปŠใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใฃใŸใ€่ชฐใ‚‚็งใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
07:03
told me this." Yeah, it's possible, okay? So it's a surprising fact.
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ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้ฉšใในใไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚
07:06
And if that doesn't work, this one always works. I guarantee it. You know how I can
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ†ใพใใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซ ใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฟ่จผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐไฟ่จผใงใใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆ
07:12
guarantee it? Okay, how about this? How would you like to make a million dollars in the
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†๏ผŸ ๆฌกใฎ 10 ๅˆ† ใง 100 ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็จผใŽใŸใ„ใงใ™
07:16
next ten minutes? All right? Okay, now the engVid server is crashing, because you're
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ใ‹? ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ engVid ใ‚ตใƒผใƒใƒผใŒใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€
07:21
all going, "How? How do I make the money? How do I make the money?" And this is when
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ€Œใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใใฎใงใ™ใ‹?ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใใฎใงใ™ใ‹ ?ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
07:24
we use... we use your curiosity. I'm going to ask you a question. You start with a question.
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็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™... ็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฅฝๅฅ‡ๅฟƒใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™. ่ณชๅ•ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:32
People are like, "I need to know. I want to know the answer to this question." These are
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ไบบใ€…ใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
07:35
your grabbers. So, sorry it took so long to get to it, but this is an important thing.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:39
Because if you don't have my attention, you've got nothing. So I might waste three minutes
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใฎๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ 3 ๅˆ†็„ก้ง„ใซใ—ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
07:43
of your time now explaining it, but understand, without these things at the beginning of your
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ใŒใ€่ซ–ๆ–‡ใฎๅ†’้ ญใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ
07:47
paper, nobody wants to read it. And worse, your teacher who has to read it doesn't want
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ใ€่ชฐใ‚‚่ชญใฟใŸใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชญใพใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชญใฟใŸใŒใ‚Šใพใ›
07:53
to read it. You don't want them to start off negatively. You want them totally interested
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใปใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅฎŒๅ…จใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใ€้ญ…ไบ†ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™
07:57
and captivated. Captivated means like capture, hold on to. They're held. Okay? Now, that's
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. Captivated ใฏใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ—ใƒใƒฃใ€ใƒ›ใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ ใ‚ชใƒณใชใฉใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้–‹ๅ‚ฌใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
08:01
your grabber. And now you have the five grabbers that we can possibly use, okay? So that's
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒใƒผใŒ 5 ใคใซใชใ‚Šใพใ— ใŸใญใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใง
08:05
five of them. So what's the next part? Now you've got a grabber. I might say to you,
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5ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒใƒผใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›
08:10
"What the hell are you talking about? What do you want to tell me? You've got my attention.
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ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:14
I'm curious. What are you talking about?" This is where we come up with topic. Your
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่€ƒใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
08:19
topic is your subject. Okay? So here, this is the attention. We want your attention.
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ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธป้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ใ“ใ“ ใŒๆณจ็›ฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ”ๆณจๆ„ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:27
Attention Kmart shoppers. Okay? But now we want to know the subject. What are you going
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Kmartใฎ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉๅฎขใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ไปŠใ€็งใŸใก ใฏไธป้กŒใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•
08:33
to talk about? Money? Sex? Drugs? Rock and roll? Ezekiel? Dun-dun-dun-dun. Yes, there
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใŠ้‡‘๏ผŸ ใ‚ปใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚น๏ผŸ ่–ฌ็‰ฉ๏ผŸ ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒซ๏ผŸ ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซ๏ผŸ ใƒ€ใƒณใƒ€ใƒณใƒ€ใƒณใƒ€ใƒณใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€
08:39
are things about Ezekiel you don't know. Okay? Now, topic is good, but let's just say something
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ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€่ฉฑ้กŒใฏใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
08:45
like I came up to you and said, "I am the richest man in Canada." I wish I was. Gail
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซๆฅใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚่ฃ•็ฆใช็”ทใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ็งใŒใใ†ใงใ‚ใฃใฆๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ฒใ‚คใƒซใƒป
08:51
Weston. Tonight. Okay. "I am the richest man in Canada." You're going to say, "James, prove
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ใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚นใƒˆใƒณใ€‚ ไปŠๅคœใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใงไธ€็•ชใฎ้‡‘ๆŒใก ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใ€่จผๆ˜Žใ—
08:57
it. How do I know you are the richest man in Canada?" Well, for this, I'm going to have
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ใฆใฟใ‚ใ€‚ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใงไธ€็•ชใฎ้‡‘ๆŒใกใ ใจใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใฎ ?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€
09:03
to give you reasons. If I don't have reasons for saying what I'm going to say, why would
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็†็”ฑใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒ ่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†็†็”ฑใŒ
09:09
you believe me? You're going to say, "I don't think so." So I need to give you reasons.
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ใชใ„ใฎใซใ€ใชใœใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใใ†ใฏๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ็†็”ฑใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:13
Now, to keep it simple, I'm going to say, "Let's talk about three reasons." You could
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็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ ใ€Œ3 ใคใฎ็†็”ฑใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:17
have ten reasons. You could have two. You want to have more than one. Okay? When I talked
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10ใฎ็†็”ฑใŒ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ2ใคๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆŒใกใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:21
about the five-paragraph essay, I talked about introduction, the body, and I said three main
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5ๆฎต่ฝใฎใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใจใใ€ ๅบ่ซ–ใ€ๆœฌๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€3ใคใฎไธปใช
09:26
reasons, and then I said conclusion. So we're going to stick with that formula. Okay? So
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็†็”ฑใ‚’่ฟฐในใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็ต่ซ–ใ‚’่ฟฐในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใใฎๅผใซๅ›บๅŸทใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใฏ
09:30
let's say we have three reasons. They can be any reasons you want, but they should be
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ใ€3ใคใฎ็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็†็”ฑใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ‹ใพใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
09:33
related back to the topic. I say this because of that. Okay?
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ใ€ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ†่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:38
Another thing we can say of that would be, "Main ideas." All right? They're going to
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใค่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใ€Œไธปใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
09:47
end up being your main ideas. There will be a second part to this, which will be based
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ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธปใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏ ใ€ไฝ“ใซๅŸบใฅใ็ฌฌ 2 ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒ
09:51
on the body, and we're going to take these reasons and make them the main ideas in the
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ็†็”ฑใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใฆใ€ไฝ“ใฎไธป่ฆใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซใ—
09:55
body. Okay? Cool? All right. Let's keep going. So you know there's got to be another part
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏๅˆฅใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฏใš
09:59
to this. Yay. All right? So we have our reasons here, and we'll list them one, two, three.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใƒผใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใซ็†็”ฑใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ 1ใ€2ใ€3 ใซใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:05
Number one, number two, number three. Okay? Now, here's the cool thing. Now, notice I
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ไธ€ๅทใ€ไบŒๅทใ€ไธ‰ๅทใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ฏใƒผใƒซใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€
10:12
put one, two, and three reasons. These are the first things that come to my mind, but
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1 ใคใ€2 ใคใ€3 ใคใฎ็†็”ฑใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใฏ็งใฎ้ ญใซๆœ€ๅˆใซๆตฎใ‹ใถใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
10:17
really, when I put the word "order" over here, you can make up the order. What is stronger?
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œ้ †ๅบใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็ฝฎใใจ ใ€้ †ๅบใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ไฝ•ใŒๅผทใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:22
Because when we have an essay, what we want to do is start from the weakest idea and go
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ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅผฑใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅผทๅŠ›ใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซ้€ฒใ‚€
10:25
to the strongest. Building, right? You start with a dollar, you add two, you add three,
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ใ“ใจใงใ™. ๅปบ็‰ฉใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ 1 ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ ใฆใ€2 ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใ€3 ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹
10:29
you get more and more. You don't start with ten and go to one. That's weak, right? We
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ใจใ€ใฉใ‚“ใฉใ‚“ๅข—ใˆใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ 10 ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆ 1 ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅผฑใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:33
want more. So here, when we put "order", you might put one, two, three here, but you might
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œ้ †ๅบใ€ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ 1ใ€2ใ€3 ใจๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›
10:37
say, "Okay, actually, this should go first, this should go second, and this should go
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ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ€ŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’
10:42
third." So you can organize. Remember I talked about the order? You can organize your thoughts
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3 ็•ช็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงๆ•ด็†ใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆณจๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใฎใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅ‰ใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๆ•ด็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒซใƒˆใƒณ
10:46
before you write the paper, because it's harder to get rid of words, right, than when we start
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰
10:51
with a skeleton. Because remember, this will be like one, two, three words. I'm going to
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 1 ใคใ€2 ใคใ€3 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:53
demonstrate quite quickly at the end how we would do a very quick intro. All right?
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ ใ€้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใช็ดนไป‹ใ‚’่กŒใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:58
Now, finally, now you've got your grabber and your topic, and you've got your reasons
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใคใ„ใซใ€ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒใƒผ ใจใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ€ใใฎ็†็”ฑใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œ
11:01
for it. You've told me what you want to talk about. You got my attention, but you haven't
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็งใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๅผ•ใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
11:07
told me what you're arguing. Why are you talking about this? Why is this important to me? This
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธปๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็งใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใชใœ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใชใœใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใซใจใฃใฆ้‡่ฆใชใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œ
11:11
comes down to one of the most important and yet fundamental parts of writing in English.
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ใฏ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆ›ธใไธŠใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใ‹ใคๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
11:16
The thesis. Here we go. The thesis comes last, but sometimes it's first. The reason why,
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่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚ ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใฏๆœ€ๅพŒใซๆฅใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ๆœ€ๅˆใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใใฎ็†็”ฑใ€
11:27
or what I want you to believe, what I want you to understand, what I want you to change
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ใพใŸใฏไฟกใ˜ใฆ ใปใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ€็†่งฃใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ“ใจ
11:30
your mind to. Now, if you're saying you're selling something, it's the reason why you
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ใ€่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฃฒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
11:36
should buy my product. My product is a car. This is what's good about it, but ultimately,
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็งใฎ่ฃฝๅ“ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ในใ็†็”ฑใงใ™. ็งใฎๅ•†ๅ“ใฏ่ปŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏใ€
11:41
this is why. It's the best, and why it's the best.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆœ€้ซ˜ใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใชใœใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€้ซ˜ใชใฎใ‹ใ€‚
11:44
Now, to write a thesis can be most difficult. Can be, or we can make it simple. One of the
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:51
easiest ways to do it is, well, if you've got a topic, do you like it, or don't you
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๆœ€ใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€ ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚
11:55
like it? Positive or negative? Do I support it? Am I against it? Once you figure that
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ๅซŒใ„ใงใ™ใ‹? ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‹ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆŒ ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใฏๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Œ
12:03
out, it's not that hard to write a thesis, because the next stage we're going to go to
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ใฐใ€่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใฎใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ้›ฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๆฌกใฎๆฎต้šŽ
12:06
is W5. W5 is who, what, where, when, why, and how. That's that tiny thing that you're
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ใฏ W5 ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ W5 ใฏใ€่ชฐใŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ€ใฉใ“ใงใ€ใ„ใคใ€ใชใœ ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
12:18
not supposed to see, because it's not really a W, but how are you is a question, right?
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ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซWใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฏใšใฎใชใ„ๅฐใ•ใชใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:23
It's an information question. We need to draw information. What we're going to do here is
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ๆƒ…ๅ ฑ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅผ•ใๅ‡บใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
12:28
we start with a topic, and we start doing the W5s, like why is it important, who is
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ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆ ใ€ใชใœใใ‚ŒใŒ้‡่ฆใชใฎใ‹ใ€่ชฐใŒ
12:32
affected by it, when was it invented, where would you find it, this kind of thing. We
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ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใ„ใค็™บๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใฉใ“ใง ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎใ“ใจใชใฉใ€W5s ใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•
12:37
start with a question, and it gives us a question about the subject itself. Now, what we can
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ไธป้กŒ่‡ชไฝ“ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝ•ใŒใงใใ‚‹
12:41
do from that, once we've decided if we want to be positive or negative, and we have a
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ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€ ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
12:45
W5, we flip this, get rid of it. Literally, when we do questions in English, we have "How
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W5 ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฃ่ฟ”ใ—ใฆๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ€ŒHow
12:51
are you?" and then we can flip it around and say, "Okay, good idea. What do you like?"
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are you?ใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใฒใฃใใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ใ„ใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ ใ€‚ไฝ•ใŒๅฅฝใ๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:57
We get rid of it, we flip it around and go, "I like this." So we flip a question into
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใฒใฃใใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
13:02
a statement by taking the verb and the subject and flipping them, and you can say, "Boom,
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ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใจไธป่ชžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅค‰ๆ›ใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒผใƒณใ€ใƒ–ใƒผใƒณใ€ใƒ–ใƒผใƒณใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
13:06
boom, boom." Good example. "Well, I like fighting." Who is affected by fighting? You might say,
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ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใˆใ€‚ ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ๆˆฆใ†ใฎใฏๅฅฝใใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ ๆˆฆใ„ใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่ชฐใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:15
"Who is affected by fighting?" Your strong statement? Everyone, because the answer will
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ใ€Œๅ–งๅ˜ฉใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่ชฐ๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅผทใ„ ๅฃฐๆ˜Ž๏ผŸ ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏ
13:19
predict your strong statement. So when we go from the question, we get an answer, and
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅผทใ„็™บ่จ€ใ‚’ไบˆๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‹ใ‚‰้›ขใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€็ญ”ใˆใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€
13:23
then we make that the strong statement. So, "Who is affected by fighting?" Everyone. Strong
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅผทๅŠ›ใชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ ใ€Œๅ–งๅ˜ฉใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่ชฐ๏ผŸใ€ ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚ ๅผทใ„
13:28
statement? Everyone is affected by fighting. Therefore, because I hate it, it must be ended.
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็™บ่จ€๏ผŸ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒๆˆฆใ„ใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅซŒใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใ‚ใชใใ‚ƒใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€‚
13:35
Wow, easy steps. Hook a topic, boom, boom, boom, we get a thesis. Now, of course, it's
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ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ‰‹้ †ใ€‚ ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ใƒ•ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€ใƒ–ใƒผใƒ ใ€ใƒ–ใƒผใƒ ใ€ ใƒ–ใƒผใƒ ใ€่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
13:43
going to take a little longer, but I'm going to take a second or two to go through an example
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ใซใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใŒ ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใง 1 ใคใ‹ 2 ็ง’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆไพ‹
13:47
one for you right now, because when I give you this introduction, it should take you
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ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:51
five, ten minutes to come up with one. Of course, you're going to have to fill it out
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1ใคใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ใคใใฎใซๆ•ฐๅˆ†ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
13:55
with sentences, but you should get the basic essence down very quickly, because, of course,
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ๆ–‡็ซ ใง่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นใ‚’้žๅธธใซ่ฟ…้€Ÿใซ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
13:59
you're good students and you've studied, right? So let's take a look.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‰ฏใ„ๅญฆ็”Ÿใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใใ‚Œใงใฏ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:03
You know this one is a grabber. You know this is topic, and you know this is your argument.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒใƒผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:10
What you want to argue, I should say. Your argument, what you want to argue. So let's
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธปๅผตใ—ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ไธปๅผตใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธปๅผตใ—ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ
14:17
do a grabber. "All is fair in love and war." Subject, fighting. Fighting. Now, we've got
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ใ€ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ„›ใจๆˆฆไบ‰ใซใŠใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒๅ…ฌๆญฃใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ไปถๅใ€ๆˆฆ้—˜ไธญใ€‚ ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒใƒผใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸ
14:44
our grabber. You've got my attention. "All is fair" -- what are you talking about? Love,
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ™ในใฆ ใฏๅ…ฌๆญฃใ ใ€ -- ไฝ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹? ๆ„›ใ€
14:51
war, what? Now I'm telling you the subjects about fighting, then we're going to say, "Well,
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ๆˆฆไบ‰ใ€ไฝ•๏ผŸ ไปŠใ€็งใฏๆˆฆใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎไธป้กŒใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„
14:55
what about fighting?" Power. Hurt. When you fight, you get power from fighting. When you
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŠ›ใ€‚ ๅ‚ทใคใใ€‚ ๆˆฆใ†ๆ™‚ ใ€ๆˆฆใ†ใ“ใจใงๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ€‚
15:02
fight, people get hurt. People get hurt when you fight. Let's say solution. "Okay, James,
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ๅ–งๅ˜ฉใ™ใ‚‹ใจไบบใŒๅ‚ทใคใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆˆฆใ†ใจไบบใฏๅ‚ทใคใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บ
15:20
so far you've written this, but it's not helping me." I go, "I'm not finished. This is my argument."
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ใ€ใ“ใ“ใพใงๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใŸใ‘ใฉใ€ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€ ็งใฏใ€ใ€Œใพใ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎไธปๅผตใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:24
Because now we're going to do the thesis. Remember, we can go positive or negative.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ‚‚ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ‚‚ใชใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:29
Of course, most of you are thinking fighting is bad, right? And it's about power, hurting
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅ–งๅ˜ฉใฏๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใปใจใ‚“ใฉใงใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŠ›ใ€
15:32
people, and solutions. I'm telling you fighting is good. I decided I'm going to go positive.
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ไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใ€ใใ—ใฆ่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™. ๆˆฆใ†ใฎใฏใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซ่กŒใ“ใ†ใจๅฟƒใซๆฑบใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:37
What? You're crazy. I am. You haven't figured this out? Too late. Fighting is -- I'm going
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ไฝ•๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็‹‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ‹๏ผŸ ้…ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใฏ - ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใจ่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™
15:43
to say fighting -- well, before I even get there, because I'm going to say fighting is
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- ใพใ‚ใ€็งใŒใใ“ใซ็€ใๅ‰ใซ ใ€ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š
15:48
good -- W5, W5, W5, W5. I'm going to now find some reason to come in here and make it positive.
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ใชใฎใง - W5ใ€W5ใ€W5ใ€W5. ็ง ใฏใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‰ๅ‘ใใซใ™ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ็†็”ฑใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
15:55
"How can fighting help us?" "When does fighting do the most damage?" Or, "When does fighting
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ใ€Œๆˆฆใ„ใŒ็งใŸใกใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ€Œๅ–งๅ˜ฉ ใŒไธ€็•ชใƒ€ใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ„ใค๏ผŸใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๅ–งๅ˜ฉ
16:03
do the best in a relationship?" "Who is the best fighter?" See, these are W5s. I said
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ใŒไบบ้–“้–ขไฟ‚ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใชใฎใฏใ„ใคใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ใ€Œ ๆœ€ๅผทใฎใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒผใฏ่ชฐ๏ผŸใ€ ใปใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏW5ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:09
I want to be positive. So now I'm going to do this W5 thing. I'm going to go, "Okay,
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ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไปŠใ€็งใฏ ใ“ใฎW5ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
16:14
okay, okay, okay, okay, okay. Fight." "Fighting is the only way to heal the world." What?
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ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒˆใ€ ใ€Œ ไธ–็•Œใ‚’็™’ใ™ใซใฏๆˆฆใ†ใ—ใ‹ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ไฝ•๏ผŸ
16:29
Now he's gone crazy. That worm is in his brain. No. Hear me out. I'm going to show you how
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ไปŠใ€ๅฝผใฏๆฐ—ใŒ็‹‚ใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใฎใƒฏใƒผใƒ ใฏๅฝผใฎ่„ณใฎไธญใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—
16:35
this essay works. I know it's crazy. It's a mess, but you're going to hear me out, okay?
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ็‹‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใกใ‚ƒใใกใ‚ƒใ ใ‘ใฉใ€็งใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹๏ผŸ
16:39
I'm going -- I've done my W5. I think positive. I went, "How" -- I used a "how" -- and I said
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็งใฏ่กŒใใพใ™-็งใฏ็งใฎW5ใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซ่€ƒใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ€Œใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ - ็งใฏใ€Œใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸ - ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏๅผทใ„ๅฃฐๆ˜Žใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
16:45
strong statement. "How strong?" Look, "the only." The best thing to do in a thesis is
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. ใ€Œใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ๅผทใ„ใฎ๏ผŸใ€ ใ€Œๅ”ฏไธ€ใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใง่กŒใ†ในใๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎใ“ใจใฏ
16:50
use superlatives, strong language. No "maybe," no "if" or "might." Be strong. Hard, okay?
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ใ€ๆœ€ไธŠ็ดšใ€ๅผทใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ ใ‚‚ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅผทใใชใ‚Šใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅคงๅค‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
16:56
So I said, "The only way." Of course, you either agree or disagree, and this is what's
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ€Œๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏ่ณ›ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
17:00
necessary with a thesis. And if you look, I've outlined everything, but now I quickly
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่ซ–ๆ–‡ใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใ“ใจใงใ™. ใ”่ฆงใฎ ใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๆฆ‚่ฆใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—
17:04
will go over it so you can see my ideas for my essay. "All is fair in love and war." Two
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ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ขบ่ชใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ„›ใจๆˆฆไบ‰ใซใŠใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒๅ…ฌๆญฃใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
17:10
opposites, we would say, right? And then I said, "Fighting" -- and look at the subjects.
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ๆญฃๅๅฏพใฎ2ใคใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰็ง ใฏใ€Œใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ - ใใ—ใฆ่ขซ้จ“่€…ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:13
I put "power," "hurt," and "solution." Well, fighting is about power. We could say fighting
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ใ€ŒๅŠ›ใ€ใ€Œๅ‚ทใ€ใ€Œ่งฃใ€ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใพใ‚ใ€ ๆˆฆใ„ใฏๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆˆฆใ†ใ“ใจ
17:18
is about personal power, and we get power from ourselves to know who we are when we
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ใฏๅ€‹ไบบใฎๅŠ›ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆ
17:23
fight for what we believe in. Huh, didn't see that, did you? Okay, boom. I got my -- I've
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ใพใ™ใ€‚่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฎใŸใ‚ใซๆˆฆใ†ใจใใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ่ชฐ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅŠ›ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‹ใ‚‰ๅพ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใƒ–ใƒผใƒ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ -
17:27
got it, okay? So I've got my grabber, and I'm going to come down to this part later.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ„ใ„๏ผŸ ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒใƒผใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œ ใŸใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅพŒใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:31
I've got to slow down. I've got to calm down. It's getting exciting. I want to fight, see?
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ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใชใใ‚ƒใ€‚ ็งใฏ่ฝใก็€ใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒฏใ‚ฏใƒฏใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆˆฆใ„ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
17:35
I want to fight, okay? So that's the first thing, personal power. We only discover who
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ๆˆฆใ„ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒ ใพใšใ€ๅ€‹ไบบใฎๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใก
17:38
we are by fighting for what we believe. "Hurt" -- yes, people do get hurt, but it's only
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ใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎใŸใ‚ใซๆˆฆใ†ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฎใฟใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ่ชฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็™บ่ฆ‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ‚ทใคใ„ใŸใ€ - ใฏใ„ใ€ไบบใฏ
17:44
when you do get hurt from fighting do you understand what you are losing and what is
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ๅ‚ทใคใใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆˆฆใ„ใงๅ‚ทใคใ„ใŸใจใใซๅˆใ‚ใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ ไฝ•ใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใ€ไฝ•ใŒ
17:48
necessary to you. "Hurt" -- we just use "fighting" for "hurt," and we use "pain" to show it's
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็—›ใ„ใ€ - ใ€Œ็—›ใ„ใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œๆˆฆใ†ใ€ ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใ€่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œ็—›ใฟใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:52
good, because that makes you want to step up, because when you do get hurt, it makes
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17:56
you want to do more to protect yourself and the things you love. And "solution" -- only
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่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใจๆ„›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€Œ่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใ€โ€•โ€•
18:01
when you have fought for something and got a solution will you protect that solution.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใŸใ‚ใซๆˆฆใฃ ใฆ่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใจใใ ใ‘ใ€ใใฎ่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
18:05
Ooh, yeah. Not so crazy, because I'm sure you're going, "Interesting." That's the power
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ใใ†ใใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฃใจใ€Œ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ€ใจๆ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ธใƒผใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
18:12
of a good argument. When one knows how to argue correctly, one can take something that
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ใŒ่‰ฏใ„่ญฐ่ซ–ใฎๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆญฃใ—ใ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆ ใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€
18:16
seems crazy and make it completely logical. Fighting is the only way to heal the world.
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ใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ธใƒผใซๆ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ่ซ–็†็š„ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆˆฆใ†ใ“ใจใŒไธ–็•Œใ‚’็™’ใ™ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:23
"Through each person gaining their own personal power, learning that what hurts them is what
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ใ€Œไธ€ไบบไธ€ไบบใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใฎๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏๅฎˆใ‚‹ในใใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใณใ€
18:28
they need to protect, and fighting solutions so that we fought for it, and fighting to
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่งฃๆฑบใฎ ใŸใ‚ใซๆˆฆใ„ใ€่งฃๆฑบใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆˆฆใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ไธ–็•Œ
18:32
keep these solutions, can we heal the problems of the world." You can't walk away from your
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ใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’็™’ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ฒฌไปปใ‹ใ‚‰้€ƒใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
18:37
responsibilities. Didn't see that, did you? All from this. Now, of course, we'd make sentences.
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ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ™ในใฆ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:44
The final part of this whole thing is "related." If you noticed, I carefully made sure this
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ใ“ใฎๅ…จไฝ“ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใ€Œ้–ข้€ฃใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใŒใคใ‘ใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
18:49
was related to this, was related to this. You cannot just write up abstract things.
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ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ใชใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:54
Things that are just ideas that have no connection. We have to relate them. So we want to make
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้–ขไฟ‚ใฎใชใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซใ™ใŽใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’้–ข้€ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
18:59
sure the gravel is related to the thesis, which is related to the topic. The reasons
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ใ€็ ‚ๅˆฉใŒใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹่ซ–ๆ–‡ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็†็”ฑ
19:03
go back here, okay? And the order, as you noticed, I did it this way. You could have
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ใฏใ“ใ“ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ๆณจๆ–‡ใฏใ€ ใŠๆฐ—ใฅใใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:07
done it any way. Once you've done that, you can do your checkmark, and you are now prepared
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ใฉใ‚“ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚‚ใงใใŸใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
19:11
to write -- well, we've done the ultimate intro. You're ready for the ultimate body.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๆ›ธใๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒๆ•ดใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€็ฉถๆฅตใฎ ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒญใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ฉถๆฅตใฎไฝ“ใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:18
I'll give you the first step, because now we're going to take the reasons, and they're
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ— ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰็†็”ฑใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใฆใ€่บซไฝ“ใฎ
19:22
going to be the headline for the main reasons in the body. See? You finish this, which is
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ไธปใช็†็”ฑใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ ็ต่ซ–ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใฎ่ฃๅดใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
19:28
basically a mini-essay, because the conclusion is just the flip side of this. A good start,
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใƒŸใƒ‹ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚ค ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:33
well, as my Chinese friends would say, "Every good journey starts with a first good step."
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็งใฎไธญๅ›ฝไบบใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎ่‰ฏใ„ๆ—…ใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่‰ฏใ„ไธ€ๆญฉใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใ€ ใ”่ฆงใฎ
19:42
This is your first good step, with a mini-essay written in it, as you can see. The body is
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ใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใƒŸใƒ‹ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใŒ ๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:46
here, which will go into the body of the essay, and your conclusion is right here. Thank you
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ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใฎๆœฌๆ–‡ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ๆœฌๆ–‡ใŒใ“ใ“ใซ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ต่ซ–ใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:51
for spending time with myself and Mr. E, okay? He is no longer surprised. He's smiling, going,
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็งใจEใ•ใ‚“ใจไธ€็ท’ใซ้Žใ”ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ‚‚ใฏใ‚„้ฉšใ‹ใชใ„ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๅพฎ็ฌ‘ใฟใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€
19:57
"Very good. You have learned grasshopper." And I hope you have, too. Please come back
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ใ€Œใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฟใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใญใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ“
20:01
for the second part, okay, when we do the body, and go back to check the first lesson
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ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€็ฌฌไบŒ้ƒจ ใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
20:06
that we have on essays. An overview will give you an idea of where this comes from and how
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ใ€‚ ๆฆ‚่ฆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅ
20:11
it fits in the total structure, all right? Have a great day. See you.
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ใฆใ€ๅ…จไฝ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้ฉๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ™ใฆใใชไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’ใ€‚ ใพใŸใญใ€‚
20:16
You know what? Maybe I'll find something to read in here. Maybe they saw the video. I
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ใ‚ใฎใญ๏ผŸ ๅคšๅˆ†็งใฏใ“ใ“ใง่ชญใ‚€ในใไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ๅคšๅˆ†ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:25
forgot my traditional ending. It's been a while. Now you've got an intro to this. Please,
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ไผ็ตฑ็š„ใชใ‚จใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใŠไน…ใ—ใถใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒญใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:31
because you don't even know where to go. That was crazy. It grabbed your attention, right?
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ใฉใ“ใซ่กŒใ‘ใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ธใƒผใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๅผ•ใใพใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
20:36
Got into a good subject, got a thesis across, and didn't even show you where to go to finish
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่‰ฏใ„ไธป้กŒใซๅ–ใ‚ŠๆŽ›ใ‹ใ‚Šใ€่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’ ๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฉใ“ใซ่กŒใ‘ใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹ใ•ใˆๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—
20:40
it off. You need to go to www, that's the grabber, right?.ig as in English, vid as
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ใŸใ€‚ wwwใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒใƒผใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?.ig (่‹ฑ่ชž)ใ€
20:51
in video, right, which is the topic or the subject plus the reasons, and then.com. If
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vid (ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช)ใ€ๅณ (ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใพใŸใฏ ไธป้กŒใจ็†็”ฑ)ใ€ใใ—ใฆ then.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:58
you don't conclude it, you won't get there, all right? See? It works for everything. See
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็ต่ซ–ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ•ใชใ„ใจใ€ใŸใฉใ‚Š็€ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅƒใใ€‚
21:03
you later.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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