English Grammar: Modifying Comparatives - a lot, far more, much, a little, slightly

144,534 views

2011-12-14 ใƒป ENGLISH with James


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English Grammar: Modifying Comparatives - a lot, far more, much, a little, slightly

144,534 views ใƒป 2011-12-14

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, James from EngVid, Stranger Tractors.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€EngVidใ€ Stranger Tractors ใฎ James ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:12
This book is slightly different than what I would normally read.
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ใ“ใฎๆœฌใฏ ใ€็งใŒๆ™ฎๆฎต่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๆœฌใจใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚‚ใฎ
00:18
Some people might say it's much different than what you probably read.
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ใจใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้•ใ†ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
00:20
So what are we going to talk about today?
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ใงใฏ ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไฝ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:23
We're going to talk about comparatives, but not comparatives that you're used to doing,
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ๆฏ”่ผƒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑ ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ…ฃใ‚Œ่ฆชใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๆฏ”่ผƒใงใฏใชใใ€
00:29
which is "more than" or "er", yeah?
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ใ€ŒไปฅไธŠใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใˆใƒผใ€ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
00:33
You know, when you say, "This is more than I thought it would be," comparing it to two
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚
00:39
things, or with "er," "This is bigger," or "This is smaller," right?
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ๅคงใใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใจใใ€ใ€Œใˆใƒผใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคงใใ„ ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†2ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅฏพๆฏ”ใ—ใฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
00:43
Let's say when you add the "er" to small words, and then the "more than," you know, for other
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œerใ€ใ‚’ๅฐใ•ใชๅ˜่ชžใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ— ใ€ๆฌกใซใ€Œmore thanใ€ใ‚’ไป–ใฎ
00:48
things.
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ใ‚‚ใฎใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:49
So, what are we doing?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:51
I like to talk about the degrees of comparatives, because not everything is "more than" or "bigger
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็งใฏๆฏ”่ผƒใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ
00:57
than," because you don't really have an idea of what the difference is.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ ใ€้•ใ„ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:02
So why don't we look at things to modify?
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ใงใฏใ€ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:05
So we're going to do comparatives, but we're going to look at degrees of comparatives,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:10
how we can use a couple of words to give more of an idea of how big and how small.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ๅคงใใ„ใ‹ๅฐใ•ใ„ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
01:16
Ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™๏ผŸ
01:17
Let's go.
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ใ•ใ‚่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€‚
01:18
So, let's start off with the big one, because "big" is positive.
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ใ€Œๅคงใใชใ€ใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใฎใงใ€ๅคงใใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:21
Let's go there.
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ใใ“ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:22
Now, if you have something is big, and you say, "This is... he is bigger than," or "This
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ๅคงใใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆ ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏ... ๅฝผใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคงใใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œ
01:29
is more expensive than," then I'm going to say, "Well, how much?"
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ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ไพก ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใฏใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ใ„ใใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
01:34
Now, if I use the word "a lot," then I know it's by "a lot," by comparison.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:40
So over here, this means "a lot," it means another, like, "much."
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใชใฉใฎๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:46
"He is a lot bigger than his brother."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ ๅผŸใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใšใฃใจๅคงใใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:49
So, if his brother is this tall, then he would be that tall.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผใฎๅผŸใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใฏ ใใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:55
That's a lot bigger, okay?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคงใใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:58
Another one we can look at is "far."
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ใ‚‚ใ†1ใค ๆณจ็›ฎใงใใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€Œ้ ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:00
Now, "far," as you know from distance, when you say "far," it's a long way away.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œ้ ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€้ ใใ‹ใ‚‰็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ใ€Œ้ ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€้ ใ้›ขใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:07
So this one's easy to remember, because all you have to think of is "far" is long, "far"
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใฎใงใ€ ใ€Œ้ ใ„ใ€ใฏ้•ทใ„ใ€ใ€Œ้ ใ„ใ€
02:11
is "a lot more" or "much more."
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ใฏใ€Œใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:15
So we have it here, so I'll put "by far," so we can put it's "a lot" or it's "much,"
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ€ใจๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆ
02:24
to a greater degree, so greater difference.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:27
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:28
Now, how do we use it?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:29
Up here, when I said "a lot," you put "a lot" then the comparative, so "I am a" -- sorry,
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€็งใŒใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใฎ ๅพŒใซๆฏ”่ผƒๅฝขใ‚’
02:42
make it easier to see -- "lot," right?
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ใคใ‘ใŸใฎใงใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:46
"I am" -- you know what?
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ - ไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:50
I think it's the drugs, slowed me down, my brain's slow, too -- "a lot," right?
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่–ฌใฎใ›ใ„ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ ็งใฎๅ‹•ใใŒ้…ใใชใ‚Šใ€็งใฎ่„ณใ‚‚้…ใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ-ใ€Œใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:58
And then we put the comparative, "bigger."
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆฏ”่ผƒ่ชžใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:01
"I am a lot bigger than I used to be."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ ไปฅๅ‰ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใšใฃใจๅคงใใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
03:05
This belly is fat.
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ใ“ใฎใŠ่…นใฏใƒ‡ใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:07
Christmas time, eating food, okay?
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒžใ‚นใฎๆ™‚ๆœŸใ€ ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:10
So "I am a lot bigger," "a lot" then the comparative, okay?
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใšใฃใจๅคงใใ„ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ€ใ€ใใ—ใฆๆฏ”่ผƒๅฏพ่ฑกใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:14
You don't say "bigger a lot," it doesn't make any sense in English, so it's easy.
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคงใใใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ใชใ•ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:18
If you want to say there's a big difference, you put "a lot" before the comparative, and
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ๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒใฎๅ‰ใซใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ
03:23
then someone knows there's much of a difference, a big difference.
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ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใ€ๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:26
Now, how about "far," okay?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ้ ใ„ใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
03:29
Well, "far," as I said, also means "a lot" because it's a big distance, and when we look
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ€ใฏใ€Œใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงใใช่ท้›ขใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:34
here at "a lot" or "much," we can say, in this case, "far more," and then we put the
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’็ฝฎใ
03:41
adjective.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:42
"He is far more happy," or "happier," "He's far happier," far more, here.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ.
03:48
And down here, we put the comparative, "by far."
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ใ“ใ“ใง ใฏใ€ใ€Œใšใฃใจใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆฏ”่ผƒ็ดšใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:50
"He is larger by far."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅคงใใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:52
So in this case, how we have comparative, it's very similar, right?
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒใฎไป•ๆ–นใฏ ้žๅธธใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:56
So "He is," and then we'd say, "happier," there's your comparative, "by far," similar,
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจๅนธใ›ใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆฏ”ๅ–ฉใฏใ€Œใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ€ไผผใฆใ„
04:15
right?
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ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:16
Actually, almost reverse, here, beginning, here, end.
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ๅฎŸใฏใปใผ้€†ใงใ€ ใ“ใ“ใ€ๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใ€็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€‚
04:22
You get the picture.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ตตใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:23
You can see it, right?
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่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:25
So the order here is comparative, then "by the far," while up here, we have "a lot,"
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎ้ †ๅบใฏๆฏ”่ผƒใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใซ ใ€Œใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚Š
04:31
then the comparative.
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ใ€ๆฌกใซๆฏ”่ผƒใงใ™ใ€‚
04:32
Cool?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
04:33
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:34
Now, this one, you'll notice we have adjectives that we add to it, a little different.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใซใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ†ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:37
So let's look over here.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:40
We said "bigger," okay?
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ใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:41
We've done "bigger."
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใชใ€ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:42
We've done "a lot."
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚„ใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:43
How do we do "smaller," "smaller"?
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ€Œๅฐใ•ใใ€ ใ€Œๅฐใ•ใใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:44
How do we do "smaller"?
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ใ€Œๅฐใ•ใใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:45
Well, what we're going to do by going "smaller" is we're going to use "a little" and "slightly,"
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฐใ•ใใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ใจใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
04:51
okay?
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:52
So what do they mean?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:54
What do they mean?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:55
Yeah.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:56
Get over here.
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ใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:57
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:58
Well, we're going to take "a little," okay?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ใง ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:02
We've got this here.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:03
Get out of your way so you can see.
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่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้“ใ‚’้›ขใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:05
So "a little."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ€ใ€‚
05:06
Now, "little" means, literally, little difference.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ใจใฏใ€ ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:09
So we're going to say "a little," and then we put the comparative at the end.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซๆฏ”่ผƒ็ดšใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:11
So you would say, "The wine is a little."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ€Œใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:26
Once again, I want to show you, so I'm going to use a different color, okay?
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใง ่‰ฒ้•ใ„ใงใ„ใใพใ™ใญใ€‚
05:29
"The wine is," and then "scusi," "little."
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ใ€Œใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใฏใ€ ใ€ๆฌกใซใ€Œใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒผใ‚ธใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ใ€‚
05:38
Now I'm almost out of room, so I'm going to just go underneath, okay?
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ใ‚‚ใ†้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บ ใใ†ใซใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ไธ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:41
"A little more expensive."
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—้ซ˜ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
05:46
See that?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:49
We have "a little," and then we have "more expensive."
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ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใซใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ไพกใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:52
So we actually use our degree at the beginning, and then we put our comparative, okay?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๆœ€ๅˆใซๅญฆไฝใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ๆฌกใซๆฏ”่ผƒ็ดšใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:59
Now, let's work with "slightly."
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ€ใงใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:06
That sentence or that word is slightly wrong.
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ใใฎๆ–‡ใพใŸใฏใใฎ ๅ˜่ชžใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:08
Watch carefully.
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ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:09
"Slightly" means "a little," right?
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ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใดใ‚Šใ€ใฏใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใดใ‚Šใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:11
We said "slightly" means "a little."
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ใ€Œslightlyใ€ ใฏใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
06:13
You needed help.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŠฉใ‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:16
So it was "slightly" wrong, okay?
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ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใญใ€‚
06:20
So now that we know "slightly" means "a little," why don't we look at the sentence, all right?
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ใ€Œslightlyใ€ใŒใ€Œa littleใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใง ใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:25
So "slightly."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ€ใ€‚
06:26
What's a good example?
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่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใซใฏๅคšใใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
06:28
Well, this isn't exactly right, because there's a lot of difference here, right?
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ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆญฃ็ขบใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ‚ˆใญ?
06:35
He's a lot bigger than this one, but let's just pretend for a second that "slightest
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ๅฝผใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šใšใฃใจๅคงใใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ทใƒซใƒ™ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€Œใ‚ใšใ‹ใชใƒ˜ใƒ“ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใƒ˜ใƒ“ใ‚’ๆฎบใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใตใ‚Šใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
06:39
snake," or "sill the snake," as for Sylvester, is just a little smaller.
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ใ€‚
06:45
We might say, "Sill is," and we'll use the word now, "slightly smaller than Mr.
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ใ€ŒSill isใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ŒMr. E ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
07:08
E."
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ใ€‚
07:10
And we notice "slightly" then plus the comparative, okay?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใšใ‹ใซใ€ใใ‚Œใซ ๅŠ ใˆใฆๆฏ”่ผƒ็ดšใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
07:15
So we look at it, we've used four different things to change, not just to say something
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ
07:20
is bigger, something is smaller, but to give degrees of how much bigger, how much smaller.
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ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅคงใใใชใฃใŸใ‚Š ๅฐใ•ใใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ๅคงใใใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ๅฐใ•ใใชใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€4ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:26
Cool, huh?
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ใ‹ใฃใ“ใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡๏ผŸ
07:27
Just a couple of words, and you can improve your English greatly.
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ใปใ‚“ใฎๆ•ฐ่ชžใง ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅคงๅน…ใซๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:30
So a quick review, when we say "a lot," we mean there's much of a difference, right?
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็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ ใฏใ€ๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
07:36
A lot.
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ๅคšใใฎใ€‚
07:37
When we say "far," there are two things for "far," remember this.
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ใ€Œ้ ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใ€Œ้ ใ„ใ€ใซใฏ 2ใคใฎใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:41
We have "far more," which means "greater than," and then "by far," and if you just remember
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ใ€Œใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚
07:47
that "far" means a big distance, easy to remember, right?
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ๅคงใใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ใ€Œใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:51
Now let's go over here.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:52
When we want to talk about "small," we say "a little," which is obvious.
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ใ€Œๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใฏใ€ ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:56
"A little" means "un poquito," if you speak Spanish, or "poco," right?
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ใ€Œa littleใ€ใฏใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ่ชžใชใ‚‰ใ€Œun poquitoใ€ ใ€ใ€Œpocoใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:01
Or "kitschy," Hungarian, "kitschy," very cute.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ญใƒƒใƒใƒฅใ€ใ€ใƒใƒณใ‚ฌใƒชใƒผ่ชžใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒƒใƒใƒฅใ€ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใ€‚
08:05
Anything else?
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ไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:06
No, no other languages.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ไป–ใฎ่จ€่ชžใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:07
Just "a little," but we put it before the comparative.
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ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒใฎๅ‰ใซ็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:09
"A little happier," "a little bigger," "small."
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅนธใ›ใซใ€ ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ๅคงใใใ€ใ€Œๅฐใ•ใใ€ใ€‚
08:13
And "slightly," also the same thing.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ€ ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ€‚
08:16
And don't make my mistake, make sure you put an "ly" to show it's an adverb, right?
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่ชค่งฃใ—ใชใ„ ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซๅฟ…ใšใ€Œlyใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:21
"Slightly smaller," right?
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ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:23
"Slightly smaller."
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ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
08:24
So, thank you very much for coming.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ ใ”ๆฅๅ ดใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:27
You have been at www.engvid.com studying comparatives, and I don't think you'll find anything a lot
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ www.engvid.com ใงๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ—ใฆใใพใ— ใŸใŒใ€็งใŸใกใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใ„ใพใ›
08:42
better than us.
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ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:43
I think, by far, you should be happy with the work you've learned.
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็งใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅญฆใ‚“ใ ไป•ไบ‹ใซๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:47
In fact, you might feel a little more confident with your English, and slightly more attractive
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใซๅฐ‘ใ—่‡ชไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ๅฅณๆ€ง ใซใจใฃใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘้ญ…ๅŠ›
08:52
to the ladies.
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็š„ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:53
Yeah, I'm going now, sorry, www.engvid.com, bye.
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ใˆใˆใ€็งใฏไปŠ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ www.engvid.comใ€ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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