"DOWN" Phrasal Verbs in English: close down, bring down, break down...

266,797 views ใƒป 2016-08-23

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
hi,james from EngVid
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€EngVid ใฎ
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00:05
Hi, James from EngVid.
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บ ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€EngVid ใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใ€‚
00:06
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00:07
Let me put this down for a second, because I want to start our lesson.
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—็ฝฎใ„ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:10
On phrasal verbs.
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใ€‚
00:11
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00:12
I'm going to teach you how to use the preposition
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00:16
in order to understand the complete meaning of the phrasal verb.
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
00:21
Ready?
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00:21
Let's go to the board.
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™๏ผŸ
ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:23
E! What you're doing?
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ใˆใˆ๏ผ ไฝ•ใ—ใฆใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
00:26
You're going down?
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ใใŸใฐใ‚Œ๏ผŸ
00:28
Down. That seems to be a direction.
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ไธ‹ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–นๅ‘ใซใชใ‚Šใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:30
And that's the direction we're heading.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–นๅ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:31
You're ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸ๏ผŸ
00:34
There are two ways to teach phrasal verbs
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใŒ
00:36
both in my mind devalued
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00:38
It's just up to you.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:39
Some teachers prefer to teach you
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ไธ€้ƒจใฎๆ•™ๅธซ
00:42
you know, one phrasal verb like "turn up", "turn down", "turn on"
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ใฏใ€"turn up"ใ€"turn down"ใ€"turn on" ใชใฉใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ 1 ใคใ ใ‘ๆ•™ใˆใ€
00:46
and use all of the verbs with the prepositions.
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใจๅ…ฑใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฅฝใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
00:49
I prefer to reverse it.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้€†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฅฝใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
00:51
Hmm.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
00:52
Each is valued.
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ใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅˆ‡ใซใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:53
For me, this is sort of a shorthand.
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็งใซใจใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€็จฎใฎ็œ็•ฅๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
00:56
If you understand
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00:57
what the preposition means
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰
00:59
is easier to put a verb with it
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ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘
01:01
and visualize in my mind, then it is to teach each separate one
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ใฆ้ ญใฎไธญใง่ฆ–่ฆšๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™.ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆฅใ€…ใซๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
01:05
Each separate one has many meanings and can take a longer time to learn.
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ใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒใŒๅคšใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใ€ๅญฆใถใฎใซ้•ทใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
01:09
This way I think you can learn faster by yourself
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01:12
because most of you are studying by yourself.
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใŒ็‹ฌๅญฆใงๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง็‹ฌๅญฆใฎๆ–นใŒๆ—ฉใๅญฆในใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:15
So
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01:16
Are you ready? Let's go to the board.
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:18
This is sort of a mind map.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€็จฎใฎใƒžใ‚คใƒณใƒ‰ใƒžใƒƒใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:20
It's a little cheap one.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅฎ‰ใ„ใ‚„ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
01:21
But it still gives you the idea.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
01:24
We've spread out the ideas for "down".
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ€ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๅบƒใ‚ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:27
There are phrasal verbs here.
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ใ“ใ“ใซๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:28
But what I'm focusing more on
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ
01:30
is the actual preposition.
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ใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
01:32
So let's take a look at it.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:33
"Down".
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"ไธ‹"ใ€‚
01:34
"Down" has essentially four meanings
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ใ€Œใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ€ใซใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ4ใคใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
01:37
One is a
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ใ€‚1ใคใฏ
01:38
downward movement
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ไธ‹ๅ‘ใใฎๅ‹•ใ
01:40
you know what that is, right?
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:42
To go down.
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้™ใ‚Šใ‚‹ใ€‚
01:43
Another is a
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฏ
01:44
decreasing motion.
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ๆธ›ๅฐ‘้‹ๅ‹•ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:47
Similar to "down".
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ใ€Œใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ€ใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:48
I can go down the stairs.
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็งใฏ้šŽๆฎตใ‚’้™ใ‚Šใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:50
Or down in an elevator.
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ใพใŸใฏใ‚จใƒฌใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใง้™ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:51
But it doesn't mean I'm decreasing.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆธ›ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:53
But if a price goes from one dollar to fifty cents
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไพกๆ ผใŒ 1 ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰ 50 ใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ€ไพกๆ ผ
01:56
not only it has a move down, there's a decrease on how much you pay.
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ใŒไธ‹ใŒใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†้‡‘้กใ‚‚ๆธ›ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:00
Ok?
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Ok๏ผŸ
02:01
Stopping.
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ๆญขใพใ‚‹ใ€‚
02:03
You're probably thinking
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ
02:05
"down" means
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ใ€Œไธ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ
02:06
well, to go down
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ใ€ไธ‹้™ใ—
02:08
and decrease
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ใฆ
02:10
but think about it: once you go to the very bottom, or you decrease to zero
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ๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใ€่€ƒใˆใฆใฟ
02:14
it stops.
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:16
Right? There is no more movement to happen.
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ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใฎๅ‹•ใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:18
And finally
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒ
02:20
when you can no longer go anywhere it's now at the end, right?
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ใซใฉใ“ใซใ‚‚่กŒใ‘ใชใใชใฃใŸๆ™‚ใŒใ€ไปŠใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:23
So you stop the movement
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‹•ใใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ใฆ
02:25
and when you can go no more, you're ended.
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠๅ‹•ใ‘ใชใใชใฃใŸใ‚‰็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
02:27
So if you look at this,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€
02:29
they all make sense
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆ
02:30
They're just different ways of looking at it.
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ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ˜ใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่ฆ‹ๆ–นใงใ™.
02:32
To go down
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ไธ‹ใซ่กŒใใจใ„ใ†
02:34
means a decrease,
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ใ“ใจใฏใ€
02:35
which means you eventually stop
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ไธ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
02:37
and you'll reach the end.
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ใ€‚
02:40
Why am I explaining this to you?
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ใชใœ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:41
Because that's why we, as English speakers think.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชž่ฉฑ่€…ใŒ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹็งใŸใกใฎ็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
02:47
So when you hear things just like
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฟƒใŒๆŠ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่ž
02:49
heart's breaking down
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02:50
you can't see you're understanding why we said it.
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ใ€ใชใœ็งใŸใกใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใ‹็†่งฃใงใใพใ›
02:58
So let's start with the first one: downward movement.
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ใ‚“. ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†: ไธ‹ๅ‘ใใฎๅ‹•ใใงใ™ใ€‚
03:03
Sit down!
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ๅบงใฃใฆไธ‹ใ•ใ„๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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