How to be an effective speaker: BE SPECIFIC!

260,850 views ใƒป 2014-04-23

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for the worm. I'm changing
0
2203
8966
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ›ฝใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใฏใชใ ใ€ใƒฏใƒผใƒ ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
00:11
a very, very famous quote by a very good speaker, and his name was John F. Kennedy. Great American
1
11199
6721
ใ€้žๅธธใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹้žๅธธใซๆœ‰ๅใชๅผ•็”จใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใƒปFใƒปใ‚ฑใƒใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅ‰ๅคงใชใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎ
00:17
president -- or a good American president. There's another one by a British man named
2
17920
4810
ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ - ใพใŸใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใ€‚
00:22
Winston Churchill from World War II, "Never, never, never, never give up." All right? So
3
22730
8674
็ฌฌไบŒๆฌกไธ–็•Œๅคงๆˆฆไธญใฎใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒณใƒปใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒใƒซใจใ„ใ†ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ€Œๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ ๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใ„ใ€. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใฏ
00:31
why am I bringing these up to you? Because to become an effective speaker, you need to
4
31470
4220
ใ€ใชใœใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใซ็ดนไป‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใชใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใซใชใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€
00:35
know what to do. But sometimes, you need to know what not to do. And in this particular
5
35690
6087
ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ
00:41
lesson, I'm going to help you become a much more effective speaker in English. To not
6
41801
4578
ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใซ่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:46
make the mistakes that many native speakers make because it's their language, and they
7
46379
3775
ๅคšใใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผ ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใฎ่จ€่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใซ็Šฏใ™้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
00:50
don't think about it, I don't want you to make these mistakes to start with. So let's
8
50170
5819
ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใปใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใฏ
00:55
go to the board shall we?
9
55989
1442
ใ€็†ไบ‹ไผšใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
00:57
Mr. E is talking to a cat, Mr. Kitty. Meow. Okay. Why is there a cat? And if you look
10
57454
6515
Eใ•ใ‚“ใฏ็Œซใฎใ‚ญใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ•ใ‚“ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‹ใƒฃใƒผใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใชใœ็ŒซใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:03
clearly or carefully, you'll notice there's one, two, three, four, five legs. Well, when
11
63969
6171
ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใจๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€่„šใŒ 1 ๆœฌใ€2 ๆœฌใ€3 ๆœฌใ€4 ๆœฌใ€5 ๆœฌใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:10
I went to school years ago, I was in a philosophy class. And one of the professors said, "When
12
70140
5530
ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ๅ‰ใซๅญฆๆ กใซ่กŒใฃใŸใจใใ€็งใฏๅ“ฒๅญฆใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๆ•™ๆŽˆใฎไธ€ไบบใฏใ€ใ€Œ
01:15
writing a good essay or writing a paper or speaking, you should beware of the five-legged
13
75670
5460
่‰ฏใ„ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ ใฏใ€5ๆœฌ่ถณใฎ็Œซใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
01:21
cat." "Beware" means "watch out for". Now, in your own language, you might do this, and
14
81130
5099
. ใ€Œbewareใ€ใฏใ€Œ็”จๅฟƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎ่จ€่ชžใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—
01:26
many people in English do this a lot. Notice I said "many", not "all". And that's one of
15
86229
4701
ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅคšใใฎไบบใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€Œๅคšใใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฎ1ใคใงใ™
01:30
the key things. They use words like "every, all, none, never, and always." I'm sure you've
16
90930
8192
ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ ใ™ในใฆใ€ใชใ—ใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ๅธธใซใ€ใชใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:39
heard English people use them, and you're thinking, "What's wrong? There's nothing wrong
17
99149
4301
ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใŒไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„
01:43
with them." Well, there isn't, as long as they have a reference. So if you say, for
18
103450
5717
ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅ‚็…งใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
01:49
instance, "All of the people in this room", that's okay. But if you say, "All people think",
19
109183
5694
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซใ„ใ‚‹ๅ…จๅ“กใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใŒ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ€
01:54
we have a problem because you're generalizing. And that's what we're talking about. How to
20
114892
4827
ไธ€่ˆฌๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:59
avoid generalization, all right? Or exaggeration. There's a fancy English word for this, and
21
119719
6930
ไธ€่ˆฌๅŒ–ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใซใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏ่ช‡ๅผตใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กจใ™ใŠใ—ใ‚ƒใ‚Œใช่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
02:06
it's called "hyperbole", and it means to use words in a way to evoke, which means to get
22
126649
5511
ใ€Œhyperboleใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅ–š่ตทใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
02:12
a strong emotional reaction. So a lot of people use these words because they want to get something
23
132160
5590
ใ€ๅผทใ„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็š„ใชๅๅฟœใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎไบบใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„
02:17
from you. They want to prove a point strongly. Or they want you to get really energetic about
24
137750
5220
ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใ‚‹็‚นใ‚’ๅผทใ่จผๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใซใชใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
02:22
it. Good point, "you always leave the toilet up." "Always? Always? Every single time in
25
142970
7472
ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„็‚นใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใŸใพใพใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ„ใคใ‚‚๏ผŸ ใ„ใคใ‚‚
02:30
my whole life you've seen the toilet up? Always?" Clearly, it's not true. But when you say "always",
26
150450
7000
๏ผŸ็งใฎไบบ็”ŸใฎไธญใงๆฏŽๅ›žใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ„ใคใ‚‚๏ผŸใ€ ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œๅธธใซใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏ
02:37
you don't have to look at specific, you can just generalize. Generalization can be helpful.
27
157551
5510
ใ€ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใชใใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๅŒ–ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€่ˆฌๅŒ–ใŒๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:43
But when you really want people to understand, it actually takes away from what you're trying
28
163069
3971
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไบบใ€…ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ† ใจใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰้›ขใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„
02:47
to do. So let's go to the board and take a look at it.
29
167040
3183
ใพใ™. ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใฃใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:50
How can we get around this generalization problem that happens many times when people
30
170246
4173
ไบบใ€…ใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎไธ€่ˆฌๅŒ–ใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ›ž้ฟใงใ
02:54
speak? Well, there are better words to use. Now, if you don't know what these words are,
31
174437
5603
ใพใ™ใ‹? ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ„ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€
03:00
that's part of the problem. Okay. So let's take a look at the first two words, one and
32
180040
5190
ใใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€1 ใจ
03:05
two, "always" and "never".
33
185230
2889
2ใ€ใ€Œๅธธใซใ€ใจใ€Œๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:08
What people don't realize because where I'm from, most of us aren't taught grammar; we
34
188135
4735
็งใŒใฉใ“ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใŸใฎใ‹ใ€็งใŸใกใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒๆฐ—ไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ€‚ ็งใŸใก
03:12
learn it. And we use it. And we're pretty good at using it, but we don't actually understand
35
192870
4950
ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ†ใพใไฝฟใ„ใ“ใชใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›
03:17
exactly where they come from. So if you've got English friends, this is a good lesson
36
197820
4870
ใซใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“. ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
03:22
for you to turn on for them, too.
37
202690
1960
ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ๆ•™่จ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:24
"Always" and "never". There's a term for this. "Always" and "never" belong to what I call,
38
204650
4851
ใ€Œๅธธใซใ€ใจใ€Œๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏ็”จ่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅธธใซใ€ใจใ€Œๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ใฏใ€็งใŒใ€Œใ‚ปใƒ–ใƒณ ใ‚ทใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚บใ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซๅฑžใ—
03:29
"The Seven Sisters." These are called "adverbs of frequency", okay? Adverbs of frequency
39
209540
6330
ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œ้ ปๅบฆใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ้ ปๅบฆใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฏใ€
03:35
tell us how often something happens or how much you repeat something in a period of time.
40
215870
5882
ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎ้ ปๅบฆใง่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœŸ้–“ใซใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:42
I can actually put another word for this one, "often", here, see? "Often". Okay. So adverbs
41
222283
6722
ๅฎŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใง่กจใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ€ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ "้ ป็น"ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
03:49
of frequency tell you once a week, five times a day, six times a year. That's how many times
42
229010
5670
ใ€้ ปๅบฆใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฏใ€้€ฑใซ 1 ๅ›žใ€1 ๆ—ฅ 5 ๅ›žใ€ๅนดใซ 6 ๅ›žใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
03:54
I repeat something in a period of time.
43
234680
3408
ใฏใ€ไธ€ๅฎšๆœŸ้–“ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ๅ›žๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
03:58
"Always" and "never", if you notice, are part of the adverbs of frequency. There's nothing
44
238150
4400
ใ€Œๅธธใซใ€ใจใ€Œๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ใฏใ€ ้ ปๅบฆใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:02
wrong with them except they give you nothing -- they say these are absolutes, always, forever,
45
242550
5690
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใ‚‚ไธŽใˆใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’้™คใ‘ใฐใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซไฝ•ใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
04:08
now, and in the future. And this isn't how the world works. If it was, we'd all be perfect.
46
248240
6206
ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ–็•Œใฎไป•็ต„ใฟใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ๅฎŒ็’งใงใ™ใ€‚
04:14
And I don't know about you, but I'm not very perfect. Okay.
47
254501
2823
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ็งใฏๅฎŒ็’งใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:17
So "always" and "never", there are other choices we can make. So one way we can get rid of
48
257331
5139
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๅธธใซใ€ใจใ€Œๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ใ€ไป–ใซใ‚‚้ธๆŠž่‚ข ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๅŒ–ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใ 1 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€
04:22
generalization is to change it. I'll give you an example. Instead of saying, "The bus
49
262470
4850
ไธ€่ˆฌๅŒ–ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒใ‚น
04:27
is always late", you can say, "It is often late or regularly late." This is true because
50
267320
6360
ใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ€Œใƒใ‚นใฏใ‚ˆใ ้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:33
I'm sure there's at least once or twice it comes on time or comes early or arrives early
51
273680
5440
ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๆ—ฉใๆฅใ‚‹ใ‹
04:39
at your stop. So you want to keep that in mind, right? You can say, "You are never on
52
279120
6788
ใ€ๅœ่ปŠๅœฐใซๆ—ฉใๅˆฐ็€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚1ๅ›žใ‹2ๅ›žใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฟƒใซ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆๆ™‚้–“ใซ้–“ใซๅˆใ‚ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
04:45
time." How do we get around "never on time"? Remember. We can go here. There are other
53
285916
5214
ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ™‚้–“ใซ้–“ใซๅˆใ‚ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ๅ›ž้ฟใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่ฆšใˆใฆใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ“ใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใซใ‚‚
04:51
adverbs of frequency. "You are seldom on time." This is more accurate. So what we're looking
54
291130
4880
้ ปๅบฆใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใฃใŸใซๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซๆฅใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆญฃ็ขบใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆฑ‚ใ‚
04:56
for is being accurate in our language about when people repeat things. This is much more
55
296010
5562
ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐใซใคใ„ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฎ่จ€่ชžใงๆญฃ็ขบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹
05:01
true or truer, we could say, right? Versus just using the two absolutes which take away
56
301595
6135
ใซ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ็œŸๅฎŸ ใ‹ใ‚‰้ ใ–ใ‹ใ‚‹2ใคใฎ็ตถๅฏพใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘
05:07
from truth, and it stops the listener from listening to you. Why? Well, you're generalizing.
57
307730
6130
ใงใฏใชใใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒŠใƒผใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใฎใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ ใพใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธ€่ˆฌๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:13
They will fight with you to prove that you're wrong. And your point gets lost, and that's
58
313860
4560
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จผๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ใชใŸใจๆˆฆใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธปๅผตใฏๅคฑใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŒ
05:18
what this is about. How to keep your point so people listen and understand you instead
59
318420
4370
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใ™. ไธ€่ˆฌๅŒ–ใ—ใ™ใŽใฆ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใฏใชใใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธปๅผตใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•
05:22
of stopping listening to you because you generalize too much. All right?
60
322790
3500
ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:26
So we've done the first two, The Seven Sisters, and the adverbs of frequency, right? And we've
61
326290
4346
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ 2 ใคใ€ใ‚ปใƒ–ใƒณ ใ‚ทใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚บใ€ ใŠใ‚ˆใณ้ ปๅบฆใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
05:30
got "always, regularly, usually, sometimes, seldom, rarely, and never." And you notice
62
330683
6817
ใ€ใ€Œๅธธใซใ€ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซใ€้€šๅธธใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ ใ‚ใฃใŸใซใ€ใ‚ใฃใŸใซใ€ใพใฃใŸใใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
05:37
they go up and down from 100 percent true to 100 percent never happening, negative,
63
337500
5640
ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ 100% ็œŸๅฎŸ ใ‹ใ‚‰ 100% ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใชใ„ใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใ€
05:43
and in between. Use these instead of saying "always" and "never". All right?
64
343156
4961
ใŠใ‚ˆใณใใฎไธญ้–“ใพใงไธŠไธ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅธธใซใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:48
Now, what about the other three legs of the cat? Remember, we have four-legged cats on
65
348149
4587
ใงใฏใ€็Œซใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ 3 ๆœฌใฎ่„šใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅœฐ็ƒไธŠใซ 4 ๆœฌ่ถณใฎ็Œซใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„
05:52
Earth. Five-legged cats make me think. So if you're seeing someone who uses these words
66
352767
4393
ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไบ”ๆœฌ่ถณใฎ็Œซใฏ่€ƒใˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใŸใ‚‰
05:57
regularly, that's the problem. Now, what's the problem here? Well, here we go. What these
67
357160
6820
ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใŒ ๅ•้กŒใชใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใงใฏใ€่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
06:03
people are using are indefinite adjectives. An adjective describes, yes? Well, an indefinite
68
363980
6260
ไบบใ€…ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏไธๅฎšๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใพใ‚ใ€ไธๅฎš
06:10
adjective, what it does is it describes, but it isn't attached to a noun. So when you say,
69
370240
6938
ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ชฌๆ˜Ž ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅ่ฉžใซใฏไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
06:17
"You always do this" -- no. Sorry. Not "always", but let's give an example for "some" -- or
70
377202
5867
ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ - ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅธธใซใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใ€Œไธ€้ƒจใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
06:23
no. "Every". "Everyone knows this." "Everyone" is who? Everyone on earth? Everyone in the
71
383085
6765
ใ€‚ "ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ"ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใฟใ‚“ใชใ€ใฃใฆ่ชฐ๏ผŸ ๅœฐ็ƒใฎใฟใ‚“ใช๏ผŸ
06:29
universe? "Everyone in this room knows this." Okay. That makes a bit of a difference, okay?
72
389850
6230
ๅฎ‡ๅฎ™ใฎใฟใ‚“ใช๏ผŸ ใ€Œใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซใ„ใ‚‹ๅ…จๅ“กใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:36
We're being more specific. Or "all". "All books" -- no. I'll give you a good one. "All
73
396096
7124
ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎๆœฌใ€ -- ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ…จๅ“ก
06:43
personnel must report to the office" instead of "all must report." "All personnel or all
74
403249
5211
ใŒๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎ่ทๅ“กใŒใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ— ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎ่ทๅ“กใพใŸใฏใ™ในใฆ
06:48
the people must go to the office." People who work in a specific place. We have "personnel".
75
408460
6130
ใฎไบบใŒใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใงๅƒใไบบใ€…ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใซใฏใ€Œไบบๆใ€ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:54
How about this one, "Some. Give him some." Give him some what? If I say, "Give him some
76
414902
6208
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ€Œใ„ใใ‚‰ใ‹ใ€‚ๅฝผใซใ„ใใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚ใ’ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ€‚ ๅฝผใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใŒใ€Œๅฝผใซใ„ใใ‚‰ใ‹ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰
07:01
money", that's specific.
77
421110
1787
ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:02
Once again, we have gone from very general to specific. And in doing so, you're bringing
78
422959
4691
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใธใจ็งป่กŒใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ™ในใฆ
07:07
the person to understand what you really want them to know instead of generalizing over
79
427650
4470
ใ‚’ไธ€่ˆฌๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็›ธๆ‰‹ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
07:12
everything. Okay? And this is a little bit of a complex lesson. Why? Because usually
80
432151
5659
ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—่ค‡้›‘ใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ ้€šๅธธ
07:17
I like to have fun in our videos. And we barely talked to Mr. E. He's petting the kitty, right?
81
437810
4960
ใ€็งใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚€ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€Eใ•ใ‚“ใจใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ— ใŸใ€‚ๅฝผใฏๅญ็Œซใ‚’ๆ’ซใงใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
07:22
Keeping it calm. But what we want to do is overall -- let's go back over it.
82
442770
4681
ๅนณ้™ใ‚’ไฟใคใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจ ใฏๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚„ใ‚Š็›ดใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:27
We want to go from generalization in our speech because we want to be effective speakers,
83
447475
5262
็งใŸใกใฏๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใช่ฉฑใ—ๆ‰‹ใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใฎไธ€่ˆฌๅŒ–ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆŠœใ‘ๅ‡บใ—ใ€
07:32
and we want to be more specific. One of the mistakes that people do is they either take
84
452737
5614
ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใ€…ใŒ็Šฏใ™้Žใกใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€
07:38
adverbs of frequency, and they use the absolutes to say this is the way things are in the world.
85
458351
7141
้ ปๅบฆใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไธ–็•Œใฎใ‚ใ‚Šๆ–นใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใŸใ‚ใซ็ตถๅฏพๅ€คใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:45
Or they take indefinite adjectives, and they don't actually use a noun to describe exactly
86
465539
5651
ใพใŸใฏใ€ไธๅฎšๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
07:51
what we're speaking about.
87
471190
1606
ใ€‚
07:52
So to fix that, what we do is we take the other adverbs of frequency, which are more
88
472944
5606
ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใช้ ปๅบฆใฎไป–ใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹
07:58
specific, or we change our indefinite adjectives to indefinite pronouns. In both cases, we
89
478550
6860
ใ‹ใ€ไธๅฎšๅฝขๅฎน่ฉž ใ‚’ไธๅฎšไปฃๅ่ฉžใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ€
08:05
become very specific, and we let the person we're speaking to understand what we really
90
485410
4720
็งใŸใกใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใซใ€ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ไธ€่ˆฌๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ•
08:10
mean versus generalizing over everything.
91
490130
2965
ใ›ใพใ™.
08:13
Now, I hope you liked the lesson today. I always try to produce a good one for you.
92
493181
4708
ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅŠชใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
08:17
I never want to let you down. So I don't want to exaggerate about this and say every time
93
497889
4201
็งใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใŒใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ•ใ›ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ช‡ๅผตใ—ใŸใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€
08:22
I come out you're happy, right? But Mr. E and I are going to take a little step out.
94
502090
5283
็งใŒใ‚ซใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅนธใ›ใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ? ใงใ‚‚ใ€Eใ•ใ‚“ ใจ็งใฏๅฐ‘ใ—่ธใฟๅ‡บใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
08:27
But I wanted to say something before I go, which is, like I always say: I want you to
95
507427
5592
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่กŒใๅ‰ใซ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ‹ใฃ ใŸใฎใฏใ€็งใŒใ„ใคใ‚‚่จ€ใฃใฆ
08:33
go to www.engvid.com, "eng" as in "English", "vid" as in "video", where you can do the
96
513019
8322
ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€www.engvid.com ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:41
quiz, find other wonderful teachers, and visit Mr. E and I for other lessons that we hope
97
521369
4811
ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไป–ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ•™ๅธซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ‚Š ใ€E ๆฐใจ็งใ‚’่จชใญใฆไป–ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’
08:46
you'll enjoy. Okay? Cool. You have a good one. And that's no exaggeration.
98
526180
5621
ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๆถผใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่ช‡ๅผตใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7