How to be an effective speaker: BE SPECIFIC!

260,850 views ใƒป 2014-04-23

ENGLISH with James


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:02
Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for the worm. I'm changing
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
00:11
a very, very famous quote by a very good speaker, and his name was John F. Kennedy. Great American
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์•„์ฃผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์—ฐ์„ค๊ฐ€์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ธ์šฉ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์กด F. ์ผ€๋„ค๋””์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ
00:17
president -- or a good American president. There's another one by a British man named
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ๋˜๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น. ์ œ
00:22
Winston Churchill from World War II, "Never, never, never, never give up." All right? So
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2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ๋‹น์‹œ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ ์œˆ์Šคํ„ด ์ฒ˜์น ์ด ํ•œ ๋ง์ด ๋˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ ˆ๋Œ€, ์ ˆ๋Œ€, ์ ˆ๋Œ€, ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”." ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
00:31
why am I bringing these up to you? Because to become an effective speaker, you need to
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด
00:35
know what to do. But sometimes, you need to know what not to do. And in this particular
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋”์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ
00:41
lesson, I'm going to help you become a much more effective speaker in English. To not
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์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋„์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
make the mistakes that many native speakers make because it's their language, and they
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๋งŽ์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์ด๊ณ 
00:50
don't think about it, I don't want you to make these mistakes to start with. So let's
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ
00:55
go to the board shall we?
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๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:57
Mr. E is talking to a cat, Mr. Kitty. Meow. Okay. Why is there a cat? And if you look
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E ์”จ๋Š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด Mr. Kitty์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ผ์˜น. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์™œ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:03
clearly or carefully, you'll notice there's one, two, three, four, five legs. Well, when
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์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜, ๋‘˜, ์…‹, ๋„ท, ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”,
01:10
I went to school years ago, I was in a philosophy class. And one of the professors said, "When
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์— ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ์ฒ ํ•™ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” "
01:15
writing a good essay or writing a paper or speaking, you should beware of the five-legged
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์ข‹์€ ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค
01:21
cat." "Beware" means "watch out for". Now, in your own language, you might do this, and
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"๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. "์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค"๋Š” "์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:26
many people in English do this a lot. Notice I said "many", not "all". And that's one of
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ "์ „๋ถ€"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ "๋‹ค์ˆ˜"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
01:30
the key things. They use words like "every, all, none, never, and always." I'm sure you've
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "every, all, none, never, and always"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
01:39
heard English people use them, and you're thinking, "What's wrong? There's nothing wrong
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์˜๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด์•ผ? ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ฌด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด.
01:43
with them." Well, there isn't, as long as they have a reference. So if you say, for
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"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ฐธ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
01:49
instance, "All of the people in this room", that's okay. But if you say, "All people think",
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"์ด ๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
01:54
we have a problem because you're generalizing. And that's what we're talking about. How to
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
avoid generalization, all right? Or exaggeration. There's a fancy English word for this, and
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์žฅ. ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์˜์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:06
it's called "hyperbole", and it means to use words in a way to evoke, which means to get
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"hyperbole"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
02:12
a strong emotional reaction. So a lot of people use these words because they want to get something
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๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ ์ด ๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:17
from you. They want to prove a point strongly. Or they want you to get really energetic about
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์š”์ ์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ™œ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:22
it. Good point, "you always leave the toilet up." "Always? Always? Every single time in
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. ์ข‹์€ ์ ์€ "ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์—ด์–ด๋‘์„ธ์š”."์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ•ญ์ƒ? ํ•ญ์ƒ?
02:30
my whole life you've seen the toilet up? Always?" Clearly, it's not true. But when you say "always",
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๋‚ด ํ‰์ƒ์— ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ˆ? ํ•ญ์ƒ?" ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "ํ•ญ์ƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
02:37
you don't have to look at specific, you can just generalize. Generalization can be helpful.
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
But when you really want people to understand, it actually takes away from what you're trying
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ผ์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:47
to do. So let's go to the board and take a look at it.
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ด
02:50
How can we get around this generalization problem that happens many times when people
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
02:54
speak? Well, there are better words to use. Now, if you don't know what these words are,
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? ๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:00
that's part of the problem. Okay. So let's take a look at the first two words, one and
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ ํ•˜๋‚˜์™€
03:05
two, "always" and "never".
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๋‘˜, "ํ•ญ์ƒ"๊ณผ "์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ"๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
What people don't realize because where I'm from, most of us aren't taught grammar; we
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
03:12
learn it. And we use it. And we're pretty good at using it, but we don't actually understand
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
03:17
exactly where they come from. So if you've got English friends, this is a good lesson
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜์–ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์ˆ˜์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:22
for you to turn on for them, too.
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.
03:24
"Always" and "never". There's a term for this. "Always" and "never" belong to what I call,
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"ํ•ญ์ƒ"๊ณผ "์ ˆ๋Œ€". ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ•ญ์ƒ"๊ณผ "๊ฒฐ์ฝ”"๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
03:29
"The Seven Sisters." These are called "adverbs of frequency", okay? Adverbs of frequency
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"์„ธ๋ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ„ฐ์ฆˆ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ " ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”? ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š”
03:35
tell us how often something happens or how much you repeat something in a period of time.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
I can actually put another word for this one, "often", here, see? "Often". Okay. So adverbs
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด "์ข…์ข…"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ž์ฃผ". ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
03:49
of frequency tell you once a week, five times a day, six times a year. That's how many times
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๋นˆ๋„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ , ์ผ๋…„์— ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ •
03:54
I repeat something in a period of time.
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๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ํšŸ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
"Always" and "never", if you notice, are part of the adverbs of frequency. There's nothing
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"Always"์™€ "never"๋Š” ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
wrong with them except they give you nothing -- they say these are absolutes, always, forever,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ, ์˜์›ํžˆ,
04:08
now, and in the future. And this isn't how the world works. If it was, we'd all be perfect.
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
And I don't know about you, but I'm not very perfect. Okay.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
04:17
So "always" and "never", there are other choices we can make. So one way we can get rid of
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "ํ•ญ์ƒ"๊ณผ "์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ", ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
04:22
generalization is to change it. I'll give you an example. Instead of saying, "The bus
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "The bus
04:27
is always late", you can say, "It is often late or regularly late." This is true because
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is always late"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— "It is often late or regular late"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
I'm sure there's at least once or twice it comes on time or comes early or arrives early
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์ ์–ด๋„ ํ•œ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์ •์‹œ์— ์˜ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ผ์ฐ ์˜ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์— ์ผ์ฐ ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:39
at your stop. So you want to keep that in mind, right? You can say, "You are never on
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ œ
04:45
time." How do we get around "never on time"? Remember. We can go here. There are other
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ "์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋งž์ถฐ" ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
adverbs of frequency. "You are seldom on time." This is more accurate. So what we're looking
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์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ข€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:56
for is being accurate in our language about when people repeat things. This is much more
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋”
05:01
true or truer, we could say, right? Versus just using the two absolutes which take away
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ง„์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ
05:07
from truth, and it stops the listener from listening to you. Why? Well, you're generalizing.
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๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ? ๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
They will fight with you to prove that you're wrong. And your point gets lost, and that's
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์š”์ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ 
05:18
what this is about. How to keep your point so people listen and understand you instead
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”์ ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
05:22
of stopping listening to you because you generalize too much. All right?
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. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
05:26
So we've done the first two, The Seven Sisters, and the adverbs of frequency, right? And we've
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ, The Seven Sisters, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋นˆ๋„์˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:30
got "always, regularly, usually, sometimes, seldom, rarely, and never." And you notice
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"ํ•ญ์ƒ, ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณดํ†ต, ๊ฐ€๋”, ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ฒŒ, ๊ฑฐ์˜, ์ „ํ˜€"๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€
05:37
they go up and down from 100 percent true to 100 percent never happening, negative,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด 100ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—์„œ 100ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ด๋ฉฐ,
05:43
and in between. Use these instead of saying "always" and "never". All right?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์œ„์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ•ญ์ƒ"๊ณผ "์ ˆ๋Œ€"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
05:48
Now, what about the other three legs of the cat? Remember, we have four-legged cats on
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์ด์ œ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ง€๊ตฌ ์—๋Š” ๋„ค๋ฐœ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
05:52
Earth. Five-legged cats make me think. So if you're seeing someone who uses these words
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. ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:57
regularly, that's the problem. Now, what's the problem here? Well, here we go. What these
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ž, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด
06:03
people are using are indefinite adjectives. An adjective describes, yes? Well, an indefinite
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ • ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Œ, ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ
06:10
adjective, what it does is it describes, but it isn't attached to a noun. So when you say,
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋ถ™์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
06:17
"You always do this" -- no. Sorry. Not "always", but let's give an example for "some" -- or
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"๋„Œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ -- ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค. ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ•ญ์ƒ"์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ "์ผ๋ถ€"์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:23
no. "Every". "Everyone knows this." "Everyone" is who? Everyone on earth? Everyone in the
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. "๋ชจ๋“ ". "๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "๋ชจ๋‘"๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ? ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ
06:29
universe? "Everyone in this room knows this." Okay. That makes a bit of a difference, okay?
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? "์ด ๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
06:36
We're being more specific. Or "all". "All books" -- no. I'll give you a good one. "All
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” "๋ชจ๋‘". "๋ชจ๋“  ์ฑ…" -- ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. "๋ชจ๋“ 
06:43
personnel must report to the office" instead of "all must report." "All personnel or all
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์ธ์›์€ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค" ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ "๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ์›์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค". "๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์› ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ 
06:48
the people must go to the office." People who work in a specific place. We have "personnel".
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ํŠน์ • ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์ธ๋ ฅ"์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
How about this one, "Some. Give him some." Give him some what? If I say, "Give him some
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"์กฐ๊ธˆ. ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ข€ ์ค˜." ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ค˜? ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ "๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ์ข€ ์ค˜
07:01
money", that's specific.
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"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
Once again, we have gone from very general to specific. And in doing so, you're bringing
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
07:07
the person to understand what you really want them to know instead of generalizing over
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฐ๋ ค์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:12
everything. Okay? And this is a little bit of a complex lesson. Why? Because usually
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ? ๋ณดํ†ต
07:17
I like to have fun in our videos. And we barely talked to Mr. E. He's petting the kitty, right?
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์ €๋Š” ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Mr. E์™€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋‹ค๋“ฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
07:22
Keeping it calm. But what we want to do is overall -- let's go back over it.
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์นจ์ฐฉํ•จ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:27
We want to go from generalization in our speech because we want to be effective speakers,
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ์„ค์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ 
07:32
and we want to be more specific. One of the mistakes that people do is they either take
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๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
07:38
adverbs of frequency, and they use the absolutes to say this is the way things are in the world.
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๋นˆ๋„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
Or they take indefinite adjectives, and they don't actually use a noun to describe exactly
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜• ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:51
what we're speaking about.
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.
07:52
So to fix that, what we do is we take the other adverbs of frequency, which are more
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋นˆ๋„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:58
specific, or we change our indefinite adjectives to indefinite pronouns. In both cases, we
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๋ถ€์ • ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ • ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:05
become very specific, and we let the person we're speaking to understand what we really
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ
08:10
mean versus generalizing over everything.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งก๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
Now, I hope you liked the lesson today. I always try to produce a good one for you.
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์ž, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์€ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
I never want to let you down. So I don't want to exaggerate about this and say every time
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์‹ค๋ง์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
08:22
I come out you're happy, right? But Mr. E and I are going to take a little step out.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ E์”จ ์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฐœ๊ฑธ์Œ์„ ๋–ผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
08:27
But I wanted to say something before I go, which is, like I always say: I want you to
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
08:33
go to www.engvid.com, "eng" as in "English", "vid" as in "video", where you can do the
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www.engvid.com์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ธธ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "eng"์€ "English"๋กœ, "vid"๋Š” "video"๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
08:41
quiz, find other wonderful teachers, and visit Mr. E and I for other lessons that we hope
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ , Mr. E์™€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ
08:46
you'll enjoy. Okay? Cool. You have a good one. And that's no exaggeration.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์‹œ์›ํ•œ. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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