Learn English: When to use EACH, EVERY, WHOLE, ENTIRE, ALL

126,858 views ใƒป 2019-09-10

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo.
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ใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒปใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒปใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒปใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒปใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒปใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒปใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒปใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใ€‚
00:01
Paying attention every time I read a book.
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ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใŸใณใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:06
Hi. James from engVid.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ engVid ใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใ€‚
00:08
I had a question from a great student of mine; I'm just going to put his name up here.
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็งใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‹ใ‚‰่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซๅฝผใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’่ผ‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:13
So, Mauricio, my A/V guy.
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ใงใฏใ€็งใฎ A/V ๆ‹…ๅฝ“ใฎใƒžใ‚ฆใƒชใ‚ทใ‚ชใงใ™ใ€‚
00:16
When I teach...
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็งใŒๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ...
00:18
Hey, I'll say A/C. He's my A/V guy.
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ใญใˆใ€็งใฏA / Cใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ็งใฎ A/V ๆ‹…ๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:23
He always helps me with the audio/visual.
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ๅฝผใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ช/ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใง็งใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:25
Thanks, Mauricio.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใƒžใ‚ฆใƒชใ‚ทใ‚ชใ€‚
00:27
He's from Mexico, and I appreciate the work you've done with me.
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ๅฝผใฏใƒกใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ณๅ‡บ่บซใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸไป•ไบ‹ใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:31
So, anyway, this is...
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ...
00:32
This video is for Mauricio.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฏใƒžใ‚ฆใƒชใ‚ทใ‚ชใฎใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
00:33
One day he asked me: "What's the difference between 'each' and 'every'?"
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ—ฅใ€ๅฝผใฏ็งใซๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—ใŸ:ใ€Œ 'each' ใจ 'every' ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€
00:38
They seem...
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00:39
It seems quite simple, but there are little differences that even a native speaker may
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅ˜็ด”ใชใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใงใ•ใˆใ‚‚
00:45
not be able to express to you because it's so natural for us that we know, but we don't
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่กจ็พใงใใชใ„ๅฐใ•ใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใจใฆใ‚‚่‡ช็„ถใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€
00:51
know how to actually say.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:53
So, let's go to the board and take a look.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใฃใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:55
So, as you can see with Mr. E, he said: "Each", and he's talking about his hands, here; and
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ E ใ•ใ‚“ใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฝผใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ€ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
01:01
"whole", within his body.
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ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใ€ๅฝผใฎไฝ“ใฎไธญใ€‚
01:02
Now, he didn't say: "all body", but "whole body" or "entire", and let's go to the board
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฝผใฏใ€Œๅ…จ่บซใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€Œ ๅ…จ่บซใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰
01:07
and find out why.
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ใซ่กŒใฃใฆ็†็”ฑใ‚’่ชฟในใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:08
Now, one of the first things we're going to look at is...
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซ่ฆ‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฎ 1 ใค ใฏ...
01:11
Well, where are we?
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใฉใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
01:12
Let's talk about the big Pac.
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ใƒ“ใƒƒใ‚ฐใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:13
If you look, we've got Pac-Man over here, so it's like a pizza with a slice taken out
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒžใƒณใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’ใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎ
01:17
of it.
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ใ ใ€‚
01:18
So, this is a piece, and this is the whole thing.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€้ƒจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ…จไฝ“ ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:20
When we talk about the word "whole", we talk about the complete unit, so we're talking
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ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ ใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅ˜ไฝใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
01:25
about all of this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹.
01:28
I used the word "all".
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ใ€Œๅ…จ้ƒจใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:31
We talk about it as a unit; we're not breaking it into pieces; we see it as one thing.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒƒใƒˆใจใ—ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใƒฉใƒใƒฉใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธ€ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจใ—ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:35
So, we talk about 100%, and we use it for countable nouns: "The whole apple", "the whole
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€100% ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€ ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™: ใ€Œใƒชใƒณใ‚ดๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ
01:41
pizza", "the whole room".
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ใƒ”ใ‚ถๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้ƒจๅฑ‹ๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใ€‚
01:43
We see it as one thing.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธ€ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจใ—ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚
01:46
We use another word, to be a little bit more formal you might say in English, and we go
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ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™
01:49
with the word "entire": "The entire room", "the entire apple".
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ใ€‚ใ€Œ้ƒจๅฑ‹ๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใƒชใƒณใ‚ดๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:54
We can use it for an exclamation or to formalize it.
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ๆ„Ÿๅ˜†็ฌฆใ‚„ๅฝขๅผๅŒ–ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:56
It is the same meaning as "whole", but a formal one.
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ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆญฃๅผใช ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:00
So, you can imagine me wearing a jacket and a tie, being formal; or like this, this would
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใจใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็งใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
02:05
be "whole".
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ใฏใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:06
And if I was wearing my tie and jacket-I wish I had one now-that would be "entire".
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใจใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใซ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™.
02:11
So, we talked about the 100% is for countable nouns, and we talk about the whole unit.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€100% ใฏๅฏ็ฎ— ๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใ€ๅ˜ไฝๅ…จไฝ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:16
So, I said countable nouns, and you might be thinking: "Hey, great.
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ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
02:21
But what happens if I have things, like water or salt?
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02:24
Things that cannot be counted?
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02:25
Or money?"
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02:27
That's when we talk about or we use "all".
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
02:29
"All" does almost the same thing as "whole" or "entire"; it talks about things as a unit,
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ใ€Œallใ€ใฏใ€Œwholeใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œentireใ€ใจใปใผๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ๅ˜ไฝใจใ—ใฆ่ฉฑใ—
02:34
but we get to use this extra power of the uncountable: "All of the water in the room",
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆ•ฐใˆๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉใฎใ“ใฎไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชๅŠ›ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ๏ผšใ€Œ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๆฐดใ€ใ€
02:41
"all of the salt", "all of the money".
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ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎๅกฉใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใ€‚
02:43
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
02:44
Then we can say: "All of the people".
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:45
"People" are countable, so it's a very flexible use.
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ใ€ŒPeopleใ€ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€้žๅธธใซๆŸ”่ปŸใช ไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
02:48
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
02:49
So this is more common.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:50
But when you want to make your language a little bit more interesting, we use "whole";
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่จ€่ชžใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—้ข็™ฝใใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:53
but "whole" would be for the countable, while "all" could be used for almost anything.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉไฝ•ใซใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:57
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:58
So, if you notice, I've gone from the circle of going one, two, and we've talked about
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ๆฐ—ใŒใคใ‘ใฐใ€็งใฏ 1 ใคใ€2 ใคใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ตใƒผใ‚ฏใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰ๆŠœใ‘ๅ‡บใ—ใ€
03:03
this whole thing or the entire thing.
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ใ“ใฎใ™ในใฆใพใŸใฏใ™ในใฆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:06
What happened to...?
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ใฉใ†ใ—ใŸโ€ฆ๏ผŸ ็‰ฉไบ‹ใฎ
03:07
What happens when you want to talk about pieces of a thing?
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ๆ–ญ็‰‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‹?
03:11
I'm a human being.
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็งใฏไบบ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:12
I have arms, I have...
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็งใซใฏ่…•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
03:15
Well, legs.
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ใ€‚
03:16
I have ears and eyes.
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่€ณใจ็›ฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:21
My whole body is all of these things together, but I have different parts to this or of my
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็งใฎไฝ“ๅ…จไฝ“ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใŒไธ€็ท’ใซ ใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใพใŸใฏ็งใฎไฝ“ใซใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
03:25
body.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:27
We're going to look at two other words: "every" and "each", and talk about: "Why would we
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ใ€Œeveryใ€ใจใ€Œeachใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไป–ใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ ใ€ๆฌกใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—
03:33
say 'every' sometimes and 'each'?
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03:35
What's the difference?"
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:37
Just as in "all" and "whole", there is a difference, there's a difference in usage for these things.
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ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใซ้•ใ„ใŒ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใฏไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:41
So, let's start with "every".
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:45
Every time I think of you, I always catch my breath.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใŸใณใซใ€ ใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆฏใŒ่ฉฐใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:49
Now, when I was saying that: "Every time I think of you", I am talking about a group
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŒใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใŸใณใซใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ ใ€็งใฏไธ€้€ฃใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
03:54
of things, but in this case I'm not just talking about it as one unit; I'm talking about parts
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ 1 ใคใฎๅ˜ไฝใจใ—ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—
03:59
of it.
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
04:00
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:01
So, I'm talking about things in a group that are similar; there's a similarity to them.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใฏไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ— ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซ้กžไผผ็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:05
"My thoughts are similar."
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ใ€Œ็งใฎ่€ƒใˆใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:07
They're not different thoughts; they're almost exactly the same.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่€ƒใˆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:09
"Every time I think of you", each thought is done; and if you notice, the squares are
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใŸใณใซใ€ใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎ่€ƒใˆ ใŒๅฎŸ่กŒใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใŒใคใ‘ใฐใ€ๆญฃๆ–นๅฝขใฏ
04:15
all about the same.
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ใ™ในใฆใปใผๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:16
So it's the same type of thought.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใช่€ƒใˆๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
04:17
So, I focus on the group, but I focus on the similarity of the things.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใŒใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใฎ้กžไผผๆ€งใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™.
04:24
That's why we usually say: "Everyone in the room".
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ ใ€Œ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซใ„ใ‚‹ๅ…จๅ“กใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:27
I'm not looking at them as people; individuals.
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็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ไบบใจใ—ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ€‹ไบบใ€‚
04:29
I see a group of people and I say: "They're all people".
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็งใฏไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใฟใ‚“ใชไบบ้–“ใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:32
"Everything I have".
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ใ€Œ็งใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใ€ใ€‚
04:34
I don't see them as individual things; I see them as things.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ€‹ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจใฏ่ฆ‹ใชใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็‰ฉใจใ—ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:37
Yeah?
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ใ†ใ‚“๏ผŸ
04:38
Got it somewhere?
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ใฉใ“ใ‹ใงๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸ๏ผŸ
04:39
"Everywhere you go", "everywhere", they're all places you go.
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ใ€Œใฉใ“ใธ่กŒใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œใฉใ“ใธใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ใ™ในใฆใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่กŒใๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:42
I don't care if they're countries, or cities, or houses; they're still places you go to.
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ๅ›ฝใงใ‚‚้ƒฝๅธ‚ใงใ‚‚ๅฎถใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใพใ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่กŒใๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:47
And that's what we're looking at: The similarity between these things.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™: ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฎ้–“ใฎ้กžไผผๆ€ง.
04:51
The similarity between these countable things; these things must be countable.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฎ้กžไผผๆ€งใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฏ็ฎ—ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:56
You notice I said: "Everyone", "everything".
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผšใ€Œใฟใ‚“ใชใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใ€‚
04:58
I didn't say: "Every money", I didn't say: "Every water".
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็งใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ๏ผšใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎๆฐดใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
05:02
I can talk about it if I change "water" in a different fashion, but these are for countable
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ใ€Œๆฐดใ€ใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใซใ™ใ‚Œใฐ่ฉฑใ› ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
05:06
things when we say: "every".
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ใ€ŒๆฏŽใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใจใใฎๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
05:08
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:09
The next one we want to talk about is "each".
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ๆฌกใซใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:12
Once again, it's for countable things; but unlike "every" which talks about everything
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฏ็ฎ—ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Š
05:18
being similar, look carefully: I've taken these same blocks and they're in a row, so
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ใ€ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่ฆ‹ ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŒใ˜ใƒ–ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธ€ๅˆ—ใซไธฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง
05:23
they are a group, but there's a fat one, a skinny one...
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ใ€ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅคชใ„ใƒ–ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใจ็ดฐใ„ใƒ–ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™...
05:28
See, a skinny one, a tall one, a short one in the grouping.
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ†…ใฎ็ดฐใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ€่ƒŒใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ€็Ÿญใ„ใ‚‚ใฎ ใ€‚
05:32
It's still countable things: "each", because I have to count the parts in the whole, but
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ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ ใ€ๅ…จไฝ“ใฎไธญใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—
05:36
right now it's the individual parts that make it up.
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ไปŠใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆง‹ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ ใ€‚
05:38
I care about the differences.
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้•ใ„ใŒๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:41
If I were to make a speech to you and I said: "Everyone in the room today believes money
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซใ„ใ‚‹่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใŠ้‡‘ใŒ้‡่ฆใ ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
05:46
is important", I don't care about each individual; what I care about is the group; the collective:
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ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏไธ€ไบบไธ€ไบบใฎใ“ใจใฏๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใŒๆฐ—ใซใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้›†ๅ›ฃ๏ผš
05:53
"every".
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ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใ€‚
05:54
When I say: "Each one of you cares about money", I am recognizing that each individual is not
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็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸๆ–นไธ€ไบบไธ€ไบบใŒใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ ็งใฏๅ„ๅ€‹ไบบใŒๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
06:00
the same.
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.
06:01
A person with five cars is different than a person who has no shoes, and in saying:
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่ปŠใ‚’ 5 ๅฐ ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใ€้ดใ‚’ๅฑฅใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ไบบใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Š
06:06
"each of you", I'm trying to get it across to my audience that I know that you're all
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใง ใ€็งใฏ่ด่ก†ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ในใฆ้•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
06:10
different.
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ใ€‚
06:11
When I say: "Each time I sing a song", I'm saying: Each time is different to me; it's
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็งใŒใ€ŒๆญŒใ‚’ๆญŒใ†ใŸใณใซใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€็งใฏ ใ“ใ†่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
06:15
special to me.
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็งใซใจใฃใฆ็‰นๅˆฅใงใ™ใ€‚
06:16
Each one is a different...
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ไธ€ใคไธ€ใค้•ใ†โ€ฆ
06:17
I don't want to say "manifestation".
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ใ€Œ้ก•็พใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใŸใใชใ„ใ€‚
06:19
Oh, I said it; too late.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ ้…ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€‚
06:22
"Manifest" is to bring forth or bring alive.
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ใ€Œใƒžใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚นใƒˆใ€ใจใฏใ€็”Ÿใ‹ใ™ใ€็”Ÿใ‹ใ™ใ“ใจใ€‚
06:25
Each thing I do is different.
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็งใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:26
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:27
So, we want to look at the uniqueness of a thing.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใฎ็‹ฌ่‡ชๆ€งใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ„ใฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:30
Pretty cool, huh?
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ใ‹ใฃใ“ใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡๏ผŸ
06:31
So, I think...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๆ€ใ†... ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟ
06:32
Let's just go through this.
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ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:33
And it's in a circular fashion, so we'll do it again.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅพช็’ฐ็š„ใชใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:37
We talk about "whole", we talk about the complete unit, and we're talking about just countable
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใช ๅ˜ไฝใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
06:41
objects.
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.
06:42
We talk about "entire", well, it's the same thing as the whole; it's 100%, but we want
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ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏๅ…จไฝ“ใจๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ 100% ใงใ™ใŒ
06:46
to use it for formal or we want to use it for exclamation.
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ใ€ๆญฃๅผใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ„Ÿๅ˜†็ฌฆใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:48
"You ate the entire pizza?" is stronger than: "You ate the whole pizza"?
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’ๅ…จ้ƒจ้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใฏ ใ€Œใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’ๅ…จ้ƒจ้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅผทใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?
06:53
"You ate the entire pizza?"
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’ๅ…จ้ƒจ้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
06:54
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
06:55
Even with: "ire".
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ใงใ‚‚๏ผšใ€Œๆ€’ใ‚Šใ€ใ€‚
06:57
Funny, in English, "ire" means angry, so it's like putting more passion in the word.
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ใŠใ‹ใ—ใชใ“ใจใซใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ€Œireใ€ใฏๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€่จ€่‘‰ใซใ‚‚ใฃใจๆƒ…็†ฑใ‚’่พผใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™.
07:02
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
07:03
"The entire room rose."
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ใ€Œ้ƒจๅฑ‹ๅ…จไฝ“ใŒไธŠใŒใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
07:04
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:05
Then we move over to there, "all", which seems, like, less formal.
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใซ็งปๅ‹• ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:08
It's like, you know, your McDonald's in the neighbourhood.
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่ฟ‘ๆ‰€ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
07:11
Doo-doo-doo-doo-doo; it's good for everything.
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ใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆใซ้ฉใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:14
So, it's countable as well, but...
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฏ็ฎ—ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ
07:16
And it...
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โ€ฆ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏโ€ฆ
07:17
And it also takes on the uncountable nouns.
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ใพใŸใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:18
So it's a little bit more general, like a hammer; it can be used for everything.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒใƒณใƒžใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ™ในใฆใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:22
Then we move over to "every".
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:25
"Every" is in the same kind of idea, the same kind of pattern.
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ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใฏใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใช่€ƒใˆๆ–นใ€ๅŒใ˜ ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใฎไธญใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:29
All of the things in this group, we're talking about the small parts of it, but we're saying
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏ ใ€ใใฎๅฐใ•ใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ
07:32
they're all kind of similar.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
07:34
But they are parts in a group and we understand that there are parts in this group; it's not,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎ ไธ€้ƒจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซใฏ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:38
like, my body isn't just: Blah; it's got arms, legs that make it up.
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็งใฎไฝ“ใฏใŸใ ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆง‹ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่…•ใจ ่„šใงใ™ใ€‚
07:43
But in this case we're saying they're all similar; have the same value.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ้กžไผผใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅŒใ˜ๅ€คใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:47
And then, finally, we go to "each", where we go: "Hey, hold on a second.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œๅ„ใ€ ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:50
An arm doesn't have the same value as a leg.
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่…•ใฏ่„šใจๅŒใ˜ๅ€คใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:52
Yes, there are parts, but each part is individual", and we have to kind of understand that.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ„ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ„ใฏๅ€‹ๅˆฅใงใ™ใ€ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:57
Cool?
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ๆถผใ—ใ„๏ผŸ
07:58
All right, good.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€‚
07:59
Well, you know what time it is.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠไฝ•ๆ™‚ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:02
It's time for us to go to the board, because I know you say you understand it or at least
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ๅ–็ท ๅฝนไผšใซ่กŒใๆ™‚ใŒๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚็†่งฃใ—ใฆ
08:05
I think you do, I hope you do, but let's test it.
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ใปใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
08:10
Are you ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
08:12
[Snaps]
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[ใ‚นใƒŠใƒƒใƒ—
08:13
All right, so we're back.
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] ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๆˆปใฃใฆใใŸใžใ€‚
08:14
So, usually I have a bonus.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้€šๅธธใ€็งใฏใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š็›ดๆŽฅ็š„
08:16
Today I won't do that because I think the lesson is pretty direct.
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ใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
08:19
But I will ask you to help me do something, which is: Correct my mistakes.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใฎ้Žใกใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:24
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:25
So, on the board we've got a tale of two stories or a tale of two cities.
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซใฏใ€2 ใค ใฎ็‰ฉ่ชžใพใŸใฏ 2 ใคใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใฎ็‰ฉ่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:29
The first thing I'd like to do is: Before you can help me correct it, because I didn't
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็งใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€็งใฏ
08:34
learn the lesson as well as you did-I mean, I think you're a good student-I want you to
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅญฆใฐใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใง - ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‰ฏใ„ๅญฆ็”Ÿใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ - ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใงใ™
08:39
help me identify what the mistakes are so we can actually correct it and make it a better
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€้–“้•ใ„ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็‰นๅฎš
08:44
story down there.
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:46
Are you ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
08:47
Let's go to the board.
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:49
So: "I go to McDonald's every of the time"... "...every of the time"?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ ใ€... ใ€Œ...ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€๏ผŸ
08:58
Hmm, that just sounds suspicious, don't you think?
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็–‘ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:01
So, let's look here; I think that's a problem.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
09:08
"...to get dinner".
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ใ€Œโ€ฆๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใซใ€ใ€‚
09:10
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:11
"My favourite thing is the kids' meal."
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ใ€Œ็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฏๅญไพ›ใฎ้ฃŸไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
09:12
Okay, that sounds okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใญใ€‚
09:13
"My favourite thing is the kids' meal.
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ใ€Œ็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฏๅญไพ›ใฎ้ฃŸไบ‹
09:15
I can eat the each thing in two minutes."
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ2ๅˆ†ใง้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
09:19
Huh, that seems weird to me.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใฏๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
09:25
I mean, I don't know why it's wrong; you guys can probably help me with that later on, but
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใชใœใใ‚ŒใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๅพŒใงใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ็งใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€
09:29
that just doesn't seem right.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™.
09:31
"Whole meal comes with a toy to play with".
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ใ€Œๅ…จ้ฃŸใซใฏ้Šในใ‚‹ใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
09:36
"Whole meal comes"?
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ใ€Œใพใ‚‹ใ”ใจใ”ใฏใ‚“ใŒใใ‚‹ใ€๏ผŸ
09:37
Hmm.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
09:38
Geez, this is horrible.
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ใญใˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฒใฉใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:42
Sure glad you guys are here to help out.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใŒๅŠฉใ‘ใซๆฅใฆใใ‚Œใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:44
What's the next thing?
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ๆฌกใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:47
"The toys are all different."
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ใ€ŒใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใฏใฟใ‚“ใช้•ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
09:49
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:50
"The toys are all different."
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ใ€ŒใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใฏใฟใ‚“ใช้•ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
09:52
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:53
"All one of them has its own number."
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ™ในใฆใŒ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎ็•ชๅทใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
09:55
Yeah, huh. "...its own special number".
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใญใ€‚ ใ€Œโ€ฆ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใช็•ชๅทใ€ใ€‚
10:04
Now, let's see.
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ใงใฏใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:06
I've identified four of these things.
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ใ“ใฎ4ใคใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:09
Perhaps we can go through what we talked about to see if we...
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ— ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฟในใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒ...
10:13
What reasons it might be wrong, and then we can put these corrections down here.
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้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ— ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไฟฎๆญฃใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใซๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
10:18
So, let's go to the board.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:20
"I go to McDonald's of the time".
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ใ€Œๆ™‚ใฎใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใ€ใ€‚
10:24
Well, I know...
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ใˆใˆใจใ€็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
10:26
I probably didn't mention it before, but when we talk about "all", we talk about...
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...ใŠใใ‚‰ใไปฅๅ‰ใฏ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€...
10:31
Okay, "of the time", we...
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€Œใใฎๆ™‚ใ€ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ...
10:33
Let's put it this way.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:37
I didn't mention "of", but usually when we talk about "all", we usually have "of": "all
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"of" ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€้€šๅธธใ€ "all" ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€"of" ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œall
10:42
of the money", "all of the time", "all of the people".
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of the moneyใ€ใ€ใ€Œall of the timeใ€ใ€ใ€Œall of the peopleใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:44
"Of" means a part or a part of something.
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ใ€Œใฎใ€ใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎไธ€้ƒจใพใŸใฏไธ€้ƒจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:48
So, when I say: "One of you guys", it's one part of a larger group.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒใ€Œๅ›ใŸใกใฎไธ€ไบบใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใชใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™.
10:54
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:55
"Each student in Canada", well, there's a student and there's Canada, and there's lots
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ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใฎๅ„ๅญฆ็”Ÿใ€ใ€ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญ
10:59
of students in Canada, so it's one part of it, right?
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ใ€ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ„ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใฎไธ€้ƒจ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
11:02
So, "all"...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆ
11:03
When we say "all of something", we're talking about "all" represents the whole group.
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ใ€... ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใ™ในใฆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ ใฏใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:06
Remember we talked about that, and we used it for countable and non-countable?
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใฎใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:10
Now, time, can you count time?
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ใ•ใใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚ˆใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹๏ผŸ
11:13
We can talk about segments of time, like: One hour, one time; but time, there's too
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ๆ™‚้–“ใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฐใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€1 ๆ™‚้–“ใ€1 ๅ›žใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใฏ
11:17
much to count.
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ๆ•ฐใˆๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:18
Infinity cannot be counted, so then we have to talk about time as in "all", right?
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็„ก้™ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใง ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
11:24
Because we didn't say: "each".
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:26
We weren't talking about each...
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
11:27
Each...
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... ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ.
11:28
Each thing we're doing.
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็งใŸใกใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ.
11:29
So we're going to say: "Okay, it has to be a big thing."
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงใใชใ“ใจใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:32
We know that we can't use "entire" and "whole" because they're for countables, but we can
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ใ€Œentireใ€ใจใ€Œwholeใ€ ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใชใฎใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏ
11:37
use "all" for this, so I think this will help us here.
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ใ€Œallใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใจ ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:41
So I think this is correct, but that's wrong.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:44
Now, what about this one?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:45
"I can eat the each thing".
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
11:48
Hmm.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
11:49
"I can eat the each thing in two minutes.
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ใ€Œ2ๅˆ†ใง
11:54
I can eat the each thing".
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ไธ€ๅ“ไธ€ๅ“้ฃŸในใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ€ๅ“ไธ€ๅ“้ฃŸในใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
11:55
Well, it seems like we're talking about one thing because "the" is an article for one
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ใ€Œtheใ€ใฏ 1 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่กจใ™ๅ† ่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€1 ใคใฎ
11:59
thing, yes?
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ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™ใญใ€‚
12:00
But "each" is talking about, you know, each of a whole, and then it says "thing"; not
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ€ใฏๅ…จไฝ“ใฎใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ใ€Œใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:05
"things", so I think we're talking about one thing again.
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใพใŸไธ€ใคใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:07
So, this might be the entire thing, right?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ™ในใฆใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
12:09
So, let's go: "I can eat the..."
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏโ€ฆใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹
12:14
We could say...
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ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™...
12:15
Which one could we say?
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
12:16
Could we say: "whole"?
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ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:18
Maybe.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใ€‚
12:19
Could say "entire" because it's talking about thing and two minutes.
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ใ€Œใพใ‚‹ใ”ใจใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ ใ„ใ„ใฎใฏใ€2ๅˆ†ใฎใ“ใจใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
12:23
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
12:24
"Whole meal comes with a toy to play with.
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ใ€Œๅ…จ้ฃŸใซใฏ้Šในใ‚‹ใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:29
Whole meal comes with a toy to play with."
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ๅ…จ้ฃŸใซใฏ้Šในใ‚‹ใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
12:32
So, mm.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€mmใ€‚
12:34
Hmm.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
12:35
Now, we could talk about...
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™...
12:38
This seems to be, like, similarity, so let me change a little...
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„...
12:41
Couple things, here.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใงใ€‚
12:42
We're going to do this in here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
12:43
So, in this one, it seems to me, we're talking about complete.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใช่ฉฑใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
12:46
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:47
So let's just say that.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:49
And this one seems to be talking about complete.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:51
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
12:52
Not parts, but complete.
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅฎŒๆˆๅ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:54
When we talk about this one, it seems that we're talking about parts, but what kind of
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ใ“ใ„ใคใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ„ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆ ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช
12:57
parts?
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:58
Are they unique parts or are they same?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
13:01
And I might say "whole meal", because I think this is wrong.
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ใจๆ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œๅ…จ้ฃŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
13:03
I think we're talking about similarity; something similar.
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้กžไผผๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไผผใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€‚
13:06
Similar, so "i", "a", "r".
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ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ใ€Œiใ€ใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใ€ใ€Œrใ€ใ€‚
13:09
Similar.
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ไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
13:10
So, we're talking about similar parts I think, because it comes with a toy to play with.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ไผผใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ„ใฎ่ฉฑใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
13:17
And "whole", they seem to be talking about something bigger.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคงใใชใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ ใ€‚
13:19
"The toys are all different."
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ใ€ŒใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใฏใฟใ‚“ใช้•ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
13:22
Okay, that's cool.
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
13:23
"All one of them has its own special number."
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใซ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใช็•ชๅทใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
13:25
Well, this to me speaks, and it's really clear, because: "one of them".
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใฏ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ1ใคใ€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:30
So, "all" is here, but it says: "one of them", so it's talking about one, so I'm wondering
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ใงใ€ใ€Œๅ…จ้ƒจใ€ใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ€Œใใฎใ†ใกใฎ1ใคใ€ใฃใฆๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€1ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
13:34
if it's something unique or special, and it's a part.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚ฏใชใฎใ‹็‰นๅˆฅใชใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€้ƒจใชใฎใ‹ใชใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:42
So, if I'm looking at this, I'm thinking: "Okay, these are talking about big things.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€็งใฏใ“ใ†ๆ€ใ†ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
13:47
And we know complete; we know it's 'whole', 'entire', and 'all'."
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13:52
And when we're talking about parts of a thing, we know some things are similar, so we want
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็‰ฉไบ‹ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
13:57
to use "every"; and some things are special and we want to use "each".
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ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œeachใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:01
So I think we've identified where the problems are, so now let's see how we would fill it
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ๅ•้กŒใŒใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅŸ‹ใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆŒใฃใฆ
14:06
in and how we would change it with the knowledge we have.
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ใ„ใ‚‹็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟ ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
14:09
Sound good?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
14:10
Well, let's go take a look.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€่ฆ‹ใซ่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€‚
14:12
First thing.
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ๅˆใ‚ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚
14:13
I feel like a waiter.
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็งใฏใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:14
Are you ready, madam and monsieur?
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ๅฅฅๆง˜ใ€ใƒ ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:16
Let's go to ze board.
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ใ‚ผใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:18
Now, we had "every".
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ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:19
What happens if we say: "I go to McDonald's"...?
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ใ€Œใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹...?
14:22
And we talked about it has to be for uncountable, and we can say: "all of the time".
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ•ฐใˆๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€Œใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
14:31
It makes a lot more sense now, doesn't it?
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ไปŠใงใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
14:33
"I go to McDonald's all of the time to get dinner."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใซใ„ใคใ‚‚ใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
14:36
Brilliant.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
14:37
Next: "My favourite thing is the kids' meal."
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ๆฌก๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฏๅญไพ›ใฎ้ฃŸไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
14:40
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
14:41
"I can eat each thing in two minutes."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ2ๅˆ†ใง้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
14:44
And we said: "I can eat each thing"...
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ใงใ€ใ€Œใชใ‚“ใงใ‚‚้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€
14:46
Hmm, how about this?
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ใฃใฆโ€ฆโ€ฆใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†๏ผŸ
14:50
Because we said it's complete, and we can say: "the whole thing".
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใ ใจ ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
14:56
Now, what happens if we wanted to be, like, really strong?
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ใงใฏใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅผทใใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
15:00
Remember we talked about "ire" and being full of power, and we went like this, put an exclamation?
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ใ€Œๆ€’ใ‚Šใ€ใจๅŠ›ใซๆบ€ใกใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ— ใ€ๆ„Ÿๅ˜†็ฌฆใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:06
We can maybe say: "the entire thing".
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ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:08
Right? "...the entire thing".
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ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ€Œโ€ฆโ€ฆๅ…จ้ƒจใ€ใ€‚
15:11
There's my "i", with an exclamation.
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ๆ„Ÿๅ˜†็ฌฆไป˜ใใฎใ€Œiใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:14
So we can say: "I can eat the whole thing", because I want to say it with power.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๅ…จ้ƒจ้ฃŸใน ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ๅŠ›ใ‚’่พผใ‚ใฆ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:16
"I can eat the whole thing in two minutes!"
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ใ€Œ2ๅˆ†ใงๅ…จ้ƒจ้ฃŸในใกใ‚ƒใ†๏ผใ€
15:20
That's pretty cool.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚
15:21
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
15:22
Now, let's look at this one, we said "whole".
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:25
"Whole" are all different.
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ใ€Œใพใ‚‹ใ”ใจใ€ใฏใ™ในใฆ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:27
So, "whole".
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใ€‚
15:28
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
15:29
Sorry.
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:30
"Whole meal comes with a toy to play with".
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ใ€Œๅ…จ้ฃŸใซใฏ้Šในใ‚‹ใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
15:33
"Whole meal comes with a toy to play with"?
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ใ€Œๅ…จ้ฃŸใซ้Šในใ‚‹ใ‚ชใƒขใƒใƒฃไป˜ใใ€๏ผŸ
15:36
Now, I know there's more than one meal, and "whole meal" makes no sense whatsoever.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ้ฃŸไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™.ใ€Œๅ…จ้ฃŸไบ‹ใ€ใฏใพใฃใŸใๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
15:42
But what happens if we said this: "Every"?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
15:47
Now, I know some of you are going to say: "Well, why did you put...?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผš ใ€Œใˆใฃใจใ€ใชใœใ‚ใชใŸใฏโ€ฆใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹
15:51
Choose 'every' and not 'each'?"
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๏ผŸใ€Œใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:54
Well, in this case, when I'm talking about the meals, I think the meals are all the same;
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใŒ้ฃŸไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ ใ€้ฃŸไบ‹ใฏใ™ในใฆๅŒใ˜ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:58
there's a hamburger, French fries, and Coke.
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ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒใƒ†ใƒˆใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:00
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
16:01
So, every meal that has a hamburger, and French fries, and Coke - and this means I'm talking
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใ€ ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒใƒ†ใƒˆใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒฉใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ใ™ในใฆใฎ้ฃŸไบ‹ - ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้กžไผผๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
16:05
about the similarity.
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ใพใ™.
16:07
Maybe you can get the chicken burger, but in my case what I'm really concerned about
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ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ใƒใ‚ญใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒ ใ€็งใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฟƒ้…
16:10
with is it's the meal that comes with this stuff, so we talk about similarly.
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซไป˜ๅฑžใ™ใ‚‹้ฃŸไบ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅŒๆง˜ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™.
16:14
So: "Every meal comes with a toy to play with."
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎ้ฃŸไบ‹ใซใฏใ€ใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใง้Šใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
16:18
"The toys are all different."
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ใ€ŒใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใฏใฟใ‚“ใช้•ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
16:19
Now, this is a sentence that helps me down here.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใงๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:22
"All one of them has its own special number."
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใซ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใช็•ชๅทใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
16:24
So, we said: "all different" and "special", and if we're going to talk about each one
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸ๏ผšใ€Œใ™ในใฆ้•ใ†ใ€ใจใ€Œ็‰นๅˆฅใ€ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใชใ‚‰
16:29
of them, I probably would like to say this...
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ใ€็งใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„
16:32
Remember we said this is the funny one?
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.
16:35
Because it's unique.
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ใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚ฏใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:37
So we say: "Each one of them has its own special number."
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใซ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใช ็•ชๅทใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
16:41
What do you think?
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ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:42
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
16:43
So, let's look: "I go to McDonald's all of the time to get dinner.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†: ใ€Œ็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ ใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใซ่กŒใใพใ™
16:47
My favourite thing is the kids' meal.
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. ็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฏๅญไพ›ๅ‘ใ‘ใฎ้ฃŸไบ‹ใงใ™.
16:49
I can eat the entire thing in two minutes!" or: "I can eat the whole thing in two minutes.
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2ๅˆ†ใงๅ…จ้ƒจ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™!ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ: ใ€Œ2 ๅˆ†ใงใ™ในใฆใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
16:54
Every meal comes with a toy to play with.
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ใ™ในใฆใฎ้ฃŸไบ‹ใซใฏใ€ใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใง้Šใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
16:57
The toys are all different.
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ใ€‚ใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใฏใ™ในใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:59
Each one of them has its own special number."
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ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใซๅ›บๆœ‰ใฎ็•ชๅทใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
17:01
Like that?
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ๏ผŸ
17:02
I do, too.
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็งใ‚‚ใ€‚
17:04
If you try to read the other sentence, you're going to go: "Oh my gosh, this is terrible.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๆ–นใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ชญใ‚‚ใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใจใ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฒใฉใ„
17:08
It's horrible."
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ใ€‚ๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:09
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
17:10
"I go to...
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ใ€Œ็งใฏโ€ฆ
17:11
I go to McDonald's every, all of..."
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ใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใŸใณใซใ€ใ™ในใฆโ€ฆใ€
17:14
Let's just stay with this one.
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ใ“ใฎใพใพใซใ—ใฆใŠใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:16
And in doing so, because we worked together and I think you can see why we would use the
357
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏไธ€็ท’ใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ ใชใœ็งใŸใกใŒ
17:20
words we do, and how they give a greater meaning, and this story becomes much more interesting
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่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅคงใใชๆ„ๅ‘ณ
17:25
to the person listening to it - you can start using these things in all the sentences that
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ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–‡ใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
17:29
you do.
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ใ“ใจใ€‚
17:30
Now, one of the best ways to give that a try is we're going to give you some homework.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฉฆใ™ๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ 1 ใค ใฏใ€ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
17:34
Homework's important, because by doing the homework, you can improve.
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ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๆ”นๅ–„ใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฎฟ้กŒใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
17:38
It's not just about me telling you.
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็งใ ใ‘ใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:40
It gives you the opportunity to try out your skill.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’่ฉฆใ™ใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚นใงใ™ ใ€‚
17:42
And one of the best ways of doing it is: Do the homework, bring it to either YouTube,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใŸใ‚ใฎๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ 1 ใคใฏ ใ€ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ YouTube ใซๆŒใก่พผใ‚€ใ“ใจ
17:47
which is where I am now and engage other people.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒ็พๅœจใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใ€…ใจ้–ขใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:51
You know, put your sentence and go, and say: "I got this."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:53
You know: "I ate the entire pizza in five minutes."
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ใ”ๅญ˜ใ˜ใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’ 5 ๅˆ†ใงๅ…จ้ƒจ้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸ ใ€ใ€‚
17:55
Cool?
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ๆถผใ—ใ„๏ผŸ
17:57
And maybe someone will go: "No, no, you ate the whole pizza.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผšใ€Œใ„ใ‚„ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’ๅ…จ้ƒจ้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸ
17:59
Because you didn't put an exclamation mark, you should say 'whole'."
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ใ€‚ๆ„Ÿๅ˜†็ฌฆใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ ใ€Žๅ…จ้ƒจใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
18:01
And you can say: "What about 'all of it'?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œใ€Žๅ…จ้ƒจใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:03
I ate all five pizzas."
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็งใฏ5ใคใฎใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
18:05
I'd be like: "Great."
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็งใฏใ€Œ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:06
Play with it; have fun.
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ใใ‚Œใง้Šใณใพใ™; ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ€‚
18:07
Don't forget to do the quiz on engVid, and also you can do the same thing: By engaging
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engVid ใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™:
18:12
in the community, you can learn and have fun, and meet some other people you could work
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ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ๅญฆใณใ€ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ไป–ใฎไบบใซไผšใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
18:15
with English... work on your English with.
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ใพใ™...่‹ฑ่ชžใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใจใ€‚
18:18
So, here's your homework: Write out a story about pizza.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๅฎฟ้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™: ใƒ”ใ‚ถใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
18:21
Because pizza comes in parts and wholes, so we can play with it.
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ใƒ”ใ‚ถใซใฏ้ƒจๅˆ†ใจๅ…จไฝ“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œ ใง้Šใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
18:24
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
18:25
And try using your new vocabulary.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:27
I gave you three examples of: "All of the pizzas"; I talked about more than one pizza.
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ๆฌกใฎ 3 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎ ใƒ”ใ‚ถใ€ใ€‚ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎใƒ”ใ‚ถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:32
"Each pizza had a different topping", now I'm showing the uniqueness of each pizza.
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ใ€Œใƒ”ใ‚ถใ”ใจใซใƒˆใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใŒ้•ใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎใƒ”ใ‚ถใฎๅ€‹ๆ€งใ‚’็™บๆฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:36
"Every pizza I order, I save $5."
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ใ€Œใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’ๆณจๆ–‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซใ€5 ใƒ‰ใƒซ็ฏ€็ด„ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
18:38
I'm saying about how pizza is similarity, but the $5 is what I care about.
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็งใฏใƒ”ใ‚ถใŒใ„ใ‹ใซ้กžไผผใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€็งใŒๆฐ—ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ 5 ใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
18:42
I've used each one of these in a sentence just now; you can do the same.
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็งใฏไปŠใ€ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
18:46
Anyway, I gots to go, so what I'd like you to do is I'd like you to subscribe.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€็งใฏ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใŠ้ก˜ใ„ ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™.
18:51
Ring my bell.
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็งใฎใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:52
Ring the bell, subscribe; you'll get the latest video that I do as soon as it comes out.
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ใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ€่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๆ–ฐใฎ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒๅ‡บใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใใซๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ”ใ‚ถใฎ
18:56
It'll be sent straight to, like, fresh out the oven, like a pizza.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ™ใใซ้€ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
18:59
Or you can go to engVid, which is www.eng as in English, vid as in video.com (www.engvid.com)
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ใพใŸใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ www.eng ใ€video.com ใงใฏ vid (www.engvid.com) ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ engVid ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚น
19:05
and take a look at myself and other teachers that are there.
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ใ—ใฆใ€็งใจใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎๆ•™ๅธซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
19:08
Anyway, every time I get the opportunity to work with you, I feel like I'm getting something
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใจไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซ ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŠ่ฟ”ใ—ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฐ—ใŒใ—
19:12
back.
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ใพใ™.
19:13
So I thank you for watching these videos and I look forward to seeing you soon.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใŠ ไผšใ„ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:16
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
19:17
Have a good one.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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