English Vocabulary: Using names as nouns, verbs, adjectives: Dick, John, Will...

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2019-08-26 ใƒป ENGLISH with James


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English Vocabulary: Using names as nouns, verbs, adjectives: Dick, John, Will...

91,092 views ใƒป 2019-08-26

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hmm-hmm-hmm-hmm-hmm-hmm-hmm-hmm-hmm.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
00:02
Ooo, look at the board.
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ใŠใฃใจใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:05
It seems E and Mini E are having a problem.
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E ใจ Mini E ใซๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:09
Let's listen in.
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่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:11
By the way, today's lesson is...
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ใกใชใฟใซใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ...
00:14
It's about names that people have in English that are actually used as verbs, nouns, and
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ๅ่ฉžใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงไบบใ€…ใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅๅ‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ
00:19
adjectives; or they have a grammar function.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ‚’ๅ‚™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:22
And we're going to look at the board, see their conversation, and try to figure it out,
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎไผš่ฉฑใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจ
00:25
and I'll explain the names to you.
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅๅ‰ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:27
And by the way, you'll get to meet my family here, because a lot of my family names are
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใง็งใฎๅฎถๆ—ใซไผšใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅฎถๆ—ใฎๅๅ‰ใŒๆŽฒ็คบๆฟใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
00:31
on the board.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:32
Let's go to the board.
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:34
So, E says: "Let's be frank.
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ใใ“ใงใ€E ใฏใ€Œ็Ž‡็›ดใซ
00:37
You can't sue me."
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่จ€ใฃใฆใ€็งใ‚’่จดใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:39
And Mini E says: "Yes I will.
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ใƒŸใƒ‹ E ใฏใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:41
Don't dick me around!"
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็งใ‚’้ฆฌ้นฟใซใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„!ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:42
Oo, that's a strong statement.
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ใŠใŠใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅผทใ„็™บ่จ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:45
And why I say it's in my family, because my family's names: I have an Auntie Susan, I
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใชใœใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎๅฎถๆ—ใฎไธญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€็งใฎ ๅฎถๆ—ใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ€ใ‚นใƒผใ‚ถใƒณใŠใฐใ•ใ‚“
00:49
have an Uncle Donald, my dad's name is Frank, my brother's name is Nicholas.
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ใŒใ„ใฆใ€ใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใŠใ˜ใ•ใ‚“ใŒใ„ใฆใ€็ˆถใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏ ใ€ๅผŸใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒ‹ใ‚ณใƒฉใ‚นใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:53
Yeah, seems...
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ใˆใˆใ€ใใ†ใงใ™...
00:54
Oh, and my grandfather's name was John.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฎ็ฅ–็ˆถใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:57
They're all here.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็š†ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:58
Okay, anyway, let's go to the board.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:00
So, let's start off at the beginning.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:03
Let's look at names.
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ๅๅ‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:04
"Sue"... "Susan"...
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ใ€Œใ‚นใƒผใ€ใƒปใƒปใƒปใ€Œใ‚นใƒผใ‚ถใƒณใ€
01:06
Short form of "Susan" is "Sue".
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ใƒปใƒปใƒปใ€Œใ‚นใƒผใ‚ถใƒณใ€ใฎ็•ฅ็งฐใฏใ€Œใ‚นใƒผใ€ใ€‚
01:08
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:09
And what "sue" means is to take someone to court.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ่จดใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆณ•ๅปทใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:12
So, when you sue someone, you can take them to court for money or to get something back.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่จดใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€้‡‘้ŠญใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๆˆปใ™ใŸใ‚ใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆณ•ๅปทใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:17
But "to sue" means to go to court, to take...
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œ่จดใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€ๆณ•ๅปทใซๅ‡บๅปทใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™...
01:19
And make a legal argument that something belongs to you or should come back to you, or you
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใ‚‹ในใใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใŠ้‡‘ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆณ•็š„ใชไธปๅผตใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™
01:23
want money; compensation for, and it's a verb.
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ใ€‚ ่ฃœๅ„Ÿใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
01:29
Let's look at: "Pat"/"Patrick".
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผšใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒƒใƒˆใ€/ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ€‚
01:31
"Patrick", the short form of "Patrick" is "Pat".
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ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใฏ ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:34
And "to pat" somebody is like this, like you do with a dog.
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œๆ’ซใงใ‚‹ใ€ ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€็Šฌใ‚’ๆ’ซใงใ‚‹ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:38
You know when you have a cat, and you're like: "Here, what a nice dog, what a nice cat"?
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็Œซใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ€Œใปใ‚‰ใ€ใชใ‚“ใฆใ„ใ„็Šฌใ ใ€ใชใ‚“ใฆใ„ใ„็Œซใ ใ€ใจๆ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:42
And sometimes people do it to irritate you, they're like: "That was a really good job
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ใใ—ใฆๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่‹›็ซ‹ใŸใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใŒ
01:45
you did!"
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:46
They pat you on the back, and you're like: "I'm not a dog.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ƒŒไธญใ‚’ ใชใงใพใ™ใ€‚
01:49
Don't pat me."
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01:50
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:51
But "a pat" is like that: "Good job.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œa patใ€ใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:53
Good job.
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:54
Good boy."
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ใ„ใ„ๅญใ ใ€‚ใ€
01:55
The next one is "Richard".
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ๆฌกใฏใ€Œใƒชใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใ€‚
01:58
Now, I don't know why this is, but the short form for "Richard" is "Dick".
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็†็”ฑใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ "Richard" ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใฏ "Dick" ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:05
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:06
And "dick", if you watch...
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰...
02:08
Well, if you like Batman-some of you do-the first Robin's name was Dick Grayson.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒใƒƒใƒˆใƒžใƒณใŒๅฅฝใใชใ‚‰-ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฏใใ†ใ—ใพใ™- ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒญใƒ“ใƒณใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒปใ‚ฐใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ฝใƒณใงใ—ใŸ.
02:13
His real name was Richard Grayson, and the short name was Dick Grayson.
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ๆœฌๅใฏใƒชใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒ‰ใƒปใ‚ฐใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ฝใƒณใ€ ็•ฅ็งฐใฏใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒปใ‚ฐใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ฝใƒณใ€‚
02:19
And when we say: "to dick", it means to play around; not to be serious, to act like an
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใกใ‚“ใกใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้Šใถใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใ˜ใ‚ใซใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ€ใ‚ขใƒžใƒใƒฅใ‚ขใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŒฏใ‚‹่ˆžใ†ใ“ใจ
02:23
amateur or in a childish way.
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ใ€ๅญไพ›ใ˜ใฟใŸๆŒฏใ‚‹่ˆžใ„ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚
02:25
So, if you're dicking around at work, it means you're not doing your job.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใงใตใ–ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ† ใ“ใจใฏใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:30
And if you're dicking around, you're playing.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้Šใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้Šใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:32
I'd say: "Stop dicking around."
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็งใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œใตใ–ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใ€‚
02:33
It means: "Stop fooling around.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œใตใ–ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใตใ–ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™
02:34
Stop playing around."
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ใ€‚
02:36
"Nick".
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ใ€Œใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ€‚
02:37
"Nick" means to make a small cut.
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ใ€Œใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅฐใ•ใชๅˆ‡ใ‚Š่พผใฟใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
02:40
You go: "What is 'small cut'?"
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œใ€Žใ‚นใƒขใƒผใƒซใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใฃใฆไฝ•๏ผŸใ€
02:43
Well, you can do a small cut two ways.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ2ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
02:44
I'm going to give you my favourite example, which is the rose.
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็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎไพ‹ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒใƒฉใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:50
When you have a rose, it has what's called a 'thorn'.
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ใƒใƒฉใซใฏใ€Œใจใ’ใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:52
When you put your finger here, you get cut.
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ใ“ใ“ใซๆŒ‡ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:56
You get a small cut, which is a nick.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:58
But also when you shave, you know, when you've got your little shaver, and you get a little
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใฒใ’ใ‚’ๅ‰ƒใ‚‹ใจใใ‚‚ ใ€ๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ทใ‚งใƒผใƒใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—
03:03
cut, you nick yourself.
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ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ‚ทใ‚’่ฒ ใฃใŸใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใพใ™.
03:04
So, "a nick" is a small cut or a scratch.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใฏๅฐใ•ใชๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ‚ทใ‚„ๅผ•ใฃใ‹ใๅ‚ทใงใ™ใ€‚
03:09
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:11
"Bill, B-B-B-B-B-Bill".
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ใ€Œใƒ“ใƒซใ€B-B-B-B-B-ใƒ“ใƒซใ€ใ€‚
03:13
Well, "Bill" can be either "Bill" or "Will".
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ใ€ŒBillใ€ใฏใ€ŒBillใ€ใงใ‚‚ใ€ŒWillใ€ใงใ‚‚ใ‹ใพใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:16
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:17
And I should have said, in this case, it's a verb, so we're looking here.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆ ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:20
So, "William", you can make it either "Bill" or "Will".
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒชใ‚ขใƒ ใ€ใชใ‚‰ใ€Œใƒ“ใƒซใ€ ใงใ‚‚ใ€Œใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใ€ใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:24
Once again, "Will" makes sense; I don't know why "Bill".
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œๆ„ๅฟ—ใ€ใซใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใ€Œใƒ“ใƒซใ€ใชใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:27
Maybe because if you take the "B"...
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ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ใ€ŒBใ€ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใจ...
03:28
I have no idea.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:29
I'm just making this up; it's not real.
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
03:33
But if you take the "B" here and you make it like that, maybe.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ŒBใ€ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅคšๅˆ†.
03:38
I don't know; I didn't make it up.
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็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„; ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฃœใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:41
But "bill", in one case, is to give a paper asking for money.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€"bill" ใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใฏ ใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฆๆฑ‚ใ™ใ‚‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆธกใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:44
So, when somebody says: "Bill me", it means: "Send me the amount...
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€ŒBill meใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ŒSend me the amount...
03:48
A paper with the amount that I should give to you."
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A paper with the amount to do.ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
03:52
Maybe I had dinner and I bought some things, so you're going to send the bill with a dinner,
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ๅคšๅˆ†็งใฏๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฒทใฃใŸ ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅค•้ฃŸใจๆœฌใจใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใ‚’้€ใฃ
03:57
the book, the coffee, and it will say how much money I must give to you.
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:00
So, people say: "Bill me for this."
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใซ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:03
In fact, many of you get bills when you're billed by your cell phone company.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑไผš็คพใ‹ใ‚‰่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:09
They bill you, right?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:10
At the end of the month, they say: "You've done this, this, this, and this.
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ๆœˆๆœซใซใฏใ€ใ€ŒใŠๅ‰ใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:13
Please pay this much money."
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ€‚
04:14
That's a bill; you've been billed.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆณ•ๆกˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:16
"Will"...
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ใ€Œๆ„ๅฟ—ใ€โ€ฆโ€ฆ
04:17
Well, you've studied grammar, I'm sure.
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ใพใใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฏใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใจๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚
04:22
It's a modal verb for intention or future, so: "I will go" or "I will do it"-my intent-"but
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ„ๅ›ณใ‚„ๆœชๆฅใ‚’่กจใ™ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใช ใฎใงใ€"I will go" ใพใŸใฏ "I will do it"-my intent-"but
04:30
I will be going to the movie in five hours".
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I will be going to the movie in the movie in five hours".
04:33
Future tense.
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ๆœชๆฅๆ™‚ๅˆถใ€‚
04:34
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:35
Modal verb.
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ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
04:36
"Don" is short for "Donald".
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ใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ใฏใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใ€ใฎ็•ฅใงใ™ใ€‚
04:39
"Don", "d-o-n" means to put on or wear.
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ใ€Œใฉใ‚“ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใฉใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใจใฏใ€็€ใ‚‹ใ€็€ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
04:44
If he donned an angry face, he put an angry face.
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ๅฝผใŒๆ€’ใฃใŸ้ก”ใ‚’ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใฏๆ€’ใฃใŸ ้ก”ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:48
He donned his jacket; he wore - put the jacket on his body.
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ๅฝผใฏใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’็€ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ็€ใฆใ„ใŸ-ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ไฝ“ใซ็€ใŸ ใ€‚
04:52
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
04:53
She donned makeup in the morning; she put the makeup on her face.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆœใซๅŒ–็ฒงใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ้ก”ใซๅŒ–็ฒงใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:56
To wear.
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็€ใ‚‹ใ€‚
04:58
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:59
"Don".
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"ใƒ‰ใƒณ"ใ€‚
05:01
"Frank" in this case is just "Frank"; there's no change.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎใ€Œใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏใ€ใฏๅ˜ใซใ€Œใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:04
It means to...
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ใใ‚Œใฏโ€ฆ
05:06
It means to be open and honest in speech and in writing, especially in difficult situations.
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่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใจๆ›ธใใ“ใจใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€็‰นใซๅ›ฐ้›ฃใช็ŠถๆณใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€็Ž‡็›ดใงๆญฃ็›ดใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:13
Many people can be open and honest in situations which are easy.
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใฏใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใช็Šถๆณใงใฏ็Ž‡็›ดใงๆญฃ็›ดใซใชใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:17
"You look nice today.
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ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ด ๆ•ตใงใ™ใญใ€‚
05:19
I really like that television program."
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็งใฏใใฎใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:22
But when somebody has to say: "Okay, your work is horrible and you have bad breath",
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ไป•ไบ‹ใฏใฒใฉใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ๆฏใŒ่‡ญใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
05:28
it's very difficult to be open and honest in these situations.
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ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็Šถๆณใง็Ž‡็›ดใงๆญฃ็›ดใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ›ฐ้›ฃใงใ™.
05:33
So, when someone says: "I need to be frank", they literally mean: "I need to be open and
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œ็งใฏ็Ž‡็›ดใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ€Œ
05:38
honest, and sincere in what I'm about to say", and usually it will be written down or said.
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€็งใฏ็Ž‡็›ดใงๆญฃ็›ดใง่ช ๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้€šๅธธใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใŸใ‚Š่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:44
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:45
And usually in a difficult situation.
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ใใ—ใฆ้€šๅธธใ€ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใช็Šถๆณใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:47
Now, finally, we have "John".
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ„ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚ˆใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:50
Now, "John" in this case...
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€...
05:52
Oh, please forgive me.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€่จฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:53
I forgot to mention that when we said: "frank", "frank" is not a verb like the other ones;
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ใ€Œ็Ž‡็›ดใซใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใ€ ใ€Œ็Ž‡็›ดใซใ€ใฏไป–ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:57
it's actually an adjective.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:58
"He had a frank manner", "They had a frank conversation."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็Ž‡็›ดใชๆ…‹ๅบฆใ ใฃใŸใ€ใ€Œ็Ž‡็›ดใชไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ ใŸใ€
06:02
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:03
So, unlike a verb, it's an adjective; it describes it.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Ž ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:06
And finally, let's go to "John".
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:08
"John" equals, well, "John".
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใฏใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:11
And "john" is a noun.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
06:12
And in this case...
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆ...
06:14
We talk about "john".
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:15
"John" is a toilet.
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใฏใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใงใ™ใ€‚
06:17
You'll often watch movies where guys are at the bar and they've been drinking, usually
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็”ทใŸใก ใŒใƒใƒผใซใ„ใฆ้…’ใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใŒใ€้€šๅธธ
06:20
the university movies, you know, everyone's got their university jacket and they're like:
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ใฏๅคงๅญฆใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใงใ€่ชฐ ใ‚‚ใŒๅคงๅญฆใฎใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’็€ใฆ
06:24
"Hey, man, I'm going to hit the john and then we can go to the Pizza Hut."
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ใ€ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ ใƒ”ใ‚ถใƒใƒƒใƒˆใซ่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
06:27
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:28
So it means to go to the toilet.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใซ่กŒใใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:30
Now, if you watch police shows, if there's a prostitute-a lady of the evening-they might
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ญฆๅฏŸใฎ็•ช็ต„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ๅฃฒๆ˜ฅๅฉฆใŒใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๅค•ๆ–นใฎๅฅณๆ€งใŒใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
06:37
talk about "a john".
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
06:38
"A john" is the client of the prostitute; the man or woman who is paying for sex.
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใฏๅฃฒๆ˜ฅๅฉฆใฎไพ้ ผไบบใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ปใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็”ทๆ€งใพใŸใฏๅฅณๆ€งใ€‚
06:44
So, if they said: "We found this john hiding in the john", you got some serious problems
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ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ€Œใ“ใฎใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฎไธญใซ้š ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃ ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ“ใซใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้‡ๅคงใชๅ•้กŒ
06:49
there.
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
06:50
But they might say: "The john paid the prostitute $200 for an evening with her."
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏๅฃฒๆ˜ฅๅฉฆใซ ๅฝผๅฅณใจใฎๅคœใซ 200 ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€
06:55
Cool?
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ๆถผใ—ใ„๏ผŸ
06:56
Good.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
06:57
So, now we've met my family.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็งใฎๅฎถๆ—ใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:58
Meet the family.
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ๅฎถๆ—ใซไผšใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:01
We've looked at some verbs, we've looked at an adjective and a noun from using people's
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็งใŸใกใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไบบใ€…ใฎๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
07:05
actual names.
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ใ€‚
07:06
You'll hear people say: "Pat, Sue...
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ไบบใ€…ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผšใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใ‚นใƒผ...
07:08
Meet my broth-... my... my friend Sue.
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็งใฎใƒ–ใƒญใ‚นใซไผšใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„-...็งใฎ...็งใฎๅ‹้”ใฎใ‚นใƒผใ€‚
07:10
I've got a friend named Pat.
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็งใซใฏใƒ‘ใƒƒใƒˆใจใ„ใ†ๅๅ‰ใฎๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใพใ™
07:11
This is Dick.
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ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
07:12
Here's Nick.
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ใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
07:14
This is Bill from the office.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒ“ใƒซใฎใƒ“ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚น.
07:15
This is Will from school.
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ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏๅญฆๆ กใฎใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใงใ™. ็—…้™ข
07:17
Don I met at...
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ใงไผšใฃใŸใƒ‰ใƒณ
07:19
In the hospital.
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.
07:21
Frank's a good buddy of mine.
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏใฏ็งใฎ่ฆชๅ‹ใงใ™.
07:22
And John's one of my favourite people."
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏ็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎไบบใฎไธ€ไบบใงใ™.
07:24
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:25
Real names with real grammar uses.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๅฎŸๅใ€‚
07:28
Now, I hope you found that interesting because we're going to have some fun and see if we
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ใ•ใฆใ€้ข็™ฝใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:32
can make some sentences make sense with your new-found knowledge.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใŒๆ–ฐใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใชใŒใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:37
I'll also give you a bit of a bonus and show you what else you can do with them.
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ใพใŸใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใฆใ€ ไป–ใซไฝ•ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:41
Are you ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
07:43
[Snaps]
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[ใ‚นใƒŠใƒƒใƒ—]
07:44
Okay, so let's go to the board and see...
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใฃใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใ‚ˆใ†...
07:46
We've played: Meet my family.
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้Šใ‚“ใ : ๅฎถๆ—ใซไผšใŠใ†ใ€‚
07:47
Now let's see if we can go to the board and fix it up properly.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใฃใฆ้ฉๅˆ‡ใซไฟฎๆญฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
07:51
I'm going to get my trusty red marker.
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ไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹่ตคใ„ใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
07:55
Dunh-dunh-dunh.
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ใƒ€ใƒณใƒ€ใƒณใƒ€ใƒณใ€‚
07:56
And then you guys will help me.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŸใกใฏ็งใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:57
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:58
So, what...
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ใงใฏใ€ไฝ•
07:59
The first thing we want...
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ใ‚’... ็งใŸใกใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซใ—ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏ...
08:00
We want to do is we want to identify what we can fix.
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็งใŸใกใŒใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:03
Not that it's wrong, but what we can fix to use these new words to make it better.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฟฎๆญฃใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจ.
08:08
So, let's read through the story first.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ใพใšใฏใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:11
"Mr. E repeatedly touched James on the back as he put on his baseball hat.
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ใ€ŒEใ•ใ‚“ใฏ้‡Ž็ƒๅธฝใ‚’ใ‹ใถใฃใŸใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚นใฎ่ƒŒไธญใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่งฆใฃใŸ ใ€‚
08:15
'I have to go to the bathroom before we leave', he said.
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ใ€Žๅธฐใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใซ่กŒใ‹
08:19
'I want to be honest with you, I don't have enough money to pay for the food.'"
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ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใŒ่ถณใ‚Šใชใ„ใ€ ๅฝผใฏๆด—้ขๆ‰€ใซ่กŒใใ€็ง ใซ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆ
08:23
This is not a good story because he's going to the washroom and leaving me with the bill.
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ใ„ใใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„่ฉฑใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ .
08:29
Let's continue.
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็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:30
Did I say "bill"?
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็งใฏใ€Œ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
08:32
I don't know.
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็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
08:33
"'I don't have enough money to pay for the food.
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ใ€Œใ€Ž้ฃŸไบ‹ไปฃใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ใ ใ‘ใฎๅๅˆ†ใชใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
08:37
Let's say that the waiter gave me a small cut with my stea-...
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ใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒผใŒ็งใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ญใงๅฐใ•ใชๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ‚ทใ‚’ใคใ‘ใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
08:40
With my steak knife.
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...็งใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ญ ใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใงใ€‚
08:41
We can threaten to take them to court'", and I guess he's talking about the restaurant,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆณ•ๅปทใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใใจ่„…ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใจ ็งใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„
08:45
right? "'...if they don't give us a free meal.'
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ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ...ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็งใŸใกใซ็„กๆ–™ใฎ้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใชใ„ใชใ‚‰.ใ€
08:47
I told..."
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็งใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸ...ใ€
08:48
And then: "I told Mr. E: Stop playing around and pay for the food!"
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏEใ•ใ‚“ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ๏ผš้Šใณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆ ใ€้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฎไปฃ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผใ€
08:51
Okay, so, horrible story.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆใ‚ใ—ใ„่ฉฑใ€‚
08:53
Let's try making it a little bit better.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ไธŠๆ‰‹ใซไฝœใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:56
First let's identify.
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ใพใšใฏ่ฆ‹ๅˆ†ใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:57
I'm going to say: "Mr. E repeatedly touched James on the back as he put on his baseball
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ใ€ŒEใ•ใ‚“ ใฏใ€้‡Ž็ƒๅธฝใ‚’ใ‹ใถใฃใŸใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚นใฎ่ƒŒไธญใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่งฆใฃใŸ
09:01
hat", so that would be like that.
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ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€ใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
09:02
Okay, yeah, I got a word.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใˆใˆใ€็งใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:05
I bet you know the word I'm thinking.
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็งใŒ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
09:10
We'll look at all that.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:12
We can replace all of this with one word; that'll be good.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:18
"I have to go to the", I think this is a word we can replace as well.
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ใ€Œ่กŒใ‹ใชใใ‚ƒใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ไปฃ็”จใงใใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:24
We've got a slang word that people will say.
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ไบบใ€…ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ไฟ—่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคงๅญฆ
09:26
I think I said that, you know, when you're out at the university or you're at the bar,
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ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ ใ‚„ใƒใƒผใซใ„ใ‚‹
09:31
you might use this word.
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ใจใใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:33
"'...before we leave', he said.
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ใ€Œ...็งใŸใกใŒๅŽปใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ใ€ๅฝผใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸ.
09:35
'I want to be honest with you'".
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆญฃ็›ดใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ€.
09:37
Hmm.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
09:38
Well, here's something funny.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใง้ข็™ฝใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:40
I was reading a book the other day, and when someone says: "I need to be honest with you",
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ๅ…ˆๆ—ฅๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใฆใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆญฃ็›ดใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใ€
09:44
you have to ask a question: Aren't you always honest with me?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“: ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ ็งใซๆญฃ็›ดใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?
09:48
But sometimes there's a better word because it's not just to be honest; they want to be
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰
09:52
open with you as well, so I think we might have to look here.
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ใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚ชใƒผใƒ—ใƒณใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ใ“ใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
09:57
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:58
"I don't have enough money to..."
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ใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใŒ่ถณใ‚Šใชใ„โ€ฆใ€
10:00
Hmm.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
10:01
Hmm.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
10:02
We pay for the food, so you got to pay.
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้ฃŸไบ‹ไปฃใฏๅฝ“ๆ–นใŒ่ฒ ๆ‹…ใ—ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ใ”่ฒ ๆ‹…ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:06
And this is, like, food.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใพใ‚‹ใง้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
10:08
This is a...
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ...
10:09
It's a good or a service, and you have to give money for it.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•†ๅ“ใพใŸใฏใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใซใฏใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:13
Can change that, I think.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:14
Okay, so: "...gave me a small cut with my steak knife".
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰: ใ€Œ...ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ญใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใงๅฐใ•ใชๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ‚ทใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸ ใ€.
10:18
Could we use one word that would be "a small cut" so we don't have to say so many words?
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ‚ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ 1 ใคไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
10:23
We have to cut some of that, so we'll look at that.
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ใใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:26
Okay, good.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:28
And then: "We can threaten to take them to court", yeah, that's good, but yes, you're
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆณ•ๅปทใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใใจ่„…ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€ใ€ใˆใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใใ†
10:36
right, we can probably change that one, here.
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ใงใ™ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใงๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใพใ™.
10:40
"'...if they don't give us a free meal.'
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ใ€Œ...ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็งใŸใกใซ็„กๆ–™ใฎ้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใชใ„ใชใ‚‰.ใ€
10:43
I told Mr. E to stop playing around.
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็งใฏEใ•ใ‚“ใซ้Šใณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ.้Šใณใ‚’
10:46
Stop playing around and pay for the food."
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
10:48
So, we could probably go here.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใ“ใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
10:53
And then this looks the same as this one up here, so I'm going to take a guess we can
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ† ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจ
10:57
do that.
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ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใพใ™.
10:59
Did you get the same?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŒใ˜ใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
11:02
So, what I'd like you to do is take five seconds...
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ใงใฏใ€5 ็ง’ใงใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—
11:04
And hopefully you did it before I did because you could see it; and if not, check.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:08
But I'll tell you right now: If you got this, this, this, this, this, this, this, and this
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏไปŠใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œ
11:17
on your own - congratulations; those are the ones we want to fix.
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ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ็งใŸใกใŒไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใŸใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:22
We do have words for them that we've done, and we'll replace them in the next segment.
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็งใŸใกใŒ่กŒใฃใŸใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฐใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใพใ™.
11:25
Are you ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
11:26
Okay, let's go.
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ใงใฏ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:29
Seeing as you're so good, let's talk about...
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ไธŠๆ‰‹ใชใฎใงใ€่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†...
11:31
I don't want...
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็งใฏใ—ใŸใใชใ„...
11:32
I don't want to use this one; I want to use this one.
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ ใ€‚
11:34
So, if someone repeatedly touches you on the back...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ƒŒไธญใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—่งฆใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ ...
11:37
Remember I talked about dogs, and cats, and pets, you're like: "Oh, good boy, good girl"?
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็Šฌใ€็Œซใ€ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใฎใ‚’ ่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
11:42
We can say this...
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็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™...
11:45
Doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo.
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Doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo.
11:47
Get rid of all of these words, but I'm not even going to bother, and we can put the word:
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๆฐ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:50
"to pat" or "patted", right?
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ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
11:53
Because it's the past tense, I can't put "pat", so I'll put "p-a-t-t-e-d": "...patted James
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใชใฎใงใ€Œpatใ€ใฏใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ ใฎใงใ€Œp-a-t-t-e-dใ€ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œ...patted James
12:00
on the back".
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on the backใ€.
12:01
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:02
Cool.
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ๆถผใ—ใ„ใ€‚
12:03
Let's do the next one.
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ๆฌกใ‚‚ใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:07
I need a better marker.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
12:09
I'll get a new one.
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็งใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
12:11
So, we changed that to "patted" so we wouldn't have to say: "touched repeatedly".
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—่งฆใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€ŒใชใงใŸใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
12:14
I can just say: "He just patted him on the back"-okay-"as he put on his baseball hat.
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็งใฏใŸใ ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉๅฝผใฎ ่ƒŒไธญใ‚’่ปฝใใŸใŸใ„ใŸใ€-ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผ-ใ€ŒๅฝผใŒ้‡Ž็ƒๅธฝใ‚’ใ‹ใถใฃใŸใจใ
12:20
'I have to go to the bathroom.'"
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ใ€‚ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ
12:22
Now, he and I aren't in university; we're kind of older people now, but maybe E had
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ใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ไปŠใ€ๅฝผใจ็งใฏๅคงๅญฆใซใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ ไปŠใง
12:30
a little to drink, maybe one drink too many, and we can say: "to the john" because he went
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ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅนดใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€Eใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้ฃฒใฟใ™ใŽใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ไธ€ๆฏ้ฃฒใฟใ™ใŽใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
12:35
to the washroom.
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ใ€‚
12:36
Right? "...before we leave."
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ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ€Œโ€ฆโ€ฆๅ‡บ็™บๅ‰ใซใ€
12:39
And then he said: "I want to be honest with you.
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ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆญฃ็›ดใซใชใ‚Š ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:42
Want to be honest".
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€. ่ชฐใ‹
12:43
What's another word to be honest and open with somebody?
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ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๆญฃ็›ดใง็Ž‡็›ดใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝ• ใงใ™ใ‹?
12:48
Mm-hmm: "to be frank with you.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œ
12:56
I want to be frank with you, I don't have enough money to", what?
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็Ž‡็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€็Ž‡็›ดใซ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใŠ้‡‘ใŒ่ถณใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€ไฝ•๏ผŸ
13:02
Well, we used it to say when you...
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ใˆใˆใจใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
13:05
When you have to give money for a good or a service.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ... ๅ•†ๅ“ใ‚„ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใฎใŸใ‚ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ .
13:07
"A good" is a thing, like, a phone; or a service is, like, when you go in a restaurant and
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ใ€Œ่‰ฏใ„ใ€ใจใฏใ€้›ป่ฉฑใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚น ใจใฏใ€ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ่กŒใฃ
13:12
the waiter takes care of you.
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ใฆใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒผใŒไธ–่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
13:13
"...to pay the bill".
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ใ€Œ...่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ€ใ€‚
13:15
The bill.
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่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใ€‚
13:18
They gave you a paper saying: "You ate this much food, you must give us this much money".
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎ ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใฎใงใ€็งใŸใกใซใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸ็ด™ใ‚’ๆธกใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:24
"Let's say the waiter gave me a small cut."
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ใ€Œใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒผใŒ็งใซๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ใใ‚ŒใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
13:28
Hmm.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
13:29
Okay, yeah, that's right, a scratch or a small cut could be...
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ๅผ•ใฃใ‹ใๅ‚ทใ‚„ๅฐใ•ใช ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ‚ทใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™...
13:35
And we're going to do this.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
13:38
What?
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ไฝ•๏ผŸ
13:40
All of this I'm going to take away?
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ใ“ใ‚Œๅ…จ้ƒจๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใใฎ๏ผŸ
13:42
I'm going to say: "nicked me".
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็งใฏ่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™๏ผšใ€Œ็งใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใŸใ€ใ€‚
13:45
"Nicked".
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ใ€Œใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ€‚
13:46
Nick nicked me with my steak knife.
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ใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏ็งใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ญใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใง็งใซๅ‚ทใ‚’ใคใ‘ใŸ.
13:49
We can get rid of a whole bunch of words.
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:51
"We can threaten to take them to court."
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆณ•ๅปทใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใใจ่„…ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
13:54
What was the thing we said would be court, to go to court if you want to get money or
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็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ๆณ•ๅปทใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏไธๅฝ“ใซๅ–ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซๆณ•ๅปทใซ่กŒใ
14:01
you want to get something given back to you that you think was taken unfairly?
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ใ“ใจใฏไฝ• ใงใ™ใ‹?
14:05
And once again, look, we can get rid of a number of words.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใปใ‚‰ใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:13
In this case, we can put the word: "We threaten to...
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ่„…่ฟซ ใ™ใ‚‹...
14:17
We can threaten to sue them".
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็งใŸใกใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’่จดใˆใ‚‹ใจ่„…ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:22
And "them" being the restaurant, of course.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใฏใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
14:24
"'...if they don't give us a free meal.'"
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ใ€Œใ€Žโ€ฆใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็งใŸใกใซใ‚ฟใƒ€ใง้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใใ‚Œใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€
14:26
"I told Mr. E to stop playing around and pay for the food."
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14:30
Well, we can get rid of six words.
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ใ•ใฆใ€6ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:34
Which six words do you think it'll be?
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ใฉใฎ6ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
14:36
That's right.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚
14:38
We need an "ing" because we said "playing", so we're going to have to put this, and it's
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ใ€Œ้Šใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€Œingใ€ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใช ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
14:45
going to be Batman's best friend, Dick, as in: "dicking around and pay", what?
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ใƒใƒƒใƒˆใƒžใƒณใฎ่ฆชๅ‹ใง ใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:57
We've already done it and I know you've got there just before I did: "pay the bill".
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็งใŸใกใฏใ™ใงใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€็งใŒ่กŒใ†็›ดๅ‰ใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ“ใซ็€ใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ๏ผšใ€Œ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ€.
15:02
So, let's read this story this time and see how it works out.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ไปŠๅ›žใฏใ“ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ€‚
15:08
We've eliminated a bunch of words; as you can see, there are spaces there, which is
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใใ“ใซใฏใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
15:12
good.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
15:13
We're making our language much more in line with English because we're using, you know,
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็งใŸใกใฏ่จ€่ชžใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‹ฑ่ชžใซๅˆใ‚ใ›ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซ ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
15:17
cultural terms, a little bit of slang which has more...
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ๆ–‡ๅŒ–็š„ใช็”จ่ชžใ‚„ใ€
15:21
A greater meaning.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:22
Even though these words are accurate, this has a greater meaning for us because it's
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏๆญฃ็ขบใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒๅ†…ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏ็งใŸใกใซใจใฃใฆใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใก
15:26
more within lines of our culture.
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ใพใ™.
15:28
So: "Mr. E patted James on the back", like this, "as he put on his baseball hat.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€ŒEใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใฎ่ƒŒไธญใ‚’ใŸใŸใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ้‡Ž็ƒๅธฝใ‚’ใ‹ใถใฃใŸ.
15:33
'I have to go to the john before we leave,' he said.
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15:36
'I want to be frank with you, I don't have enough money to pay the bill.
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่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใฎใซๅๅˆ†ใชใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
15:41
Let's say the waiter nicked me with my steak knife so we can get...'"
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ใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ญใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใง็งใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†...ใ€
15:44
Okay, sorry.
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15:45
"'...my steak knife.
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ใ€Œ...็งใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ญใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใ€‚
15:46
We can threaten to sue them if they don't give us a free meal.'
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็งใŸใกใซ็„กๆ–™ใฎ้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’่จดใˆใ‚‹ใจ่„…ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
15:49
I told Mr. E: Stop dicking around and pay the bill."
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็งใฏEใ•ใ‚“ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ๏ผšใตใ–ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚„ใ‚ ใฆ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
15:53
That sounds almost like...
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ใใ‚Œใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™...
15:54
Well, not almost like; it sounds exactly like a conversation in English, as opposed to the
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงๅ‡บใฆใ ใŸๆ•™็ง‘ๆ›ธใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใจใฏๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใซใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ•ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎไผš่ฉฑใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
15:59
textbook English you get up here.
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่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
16:02
Anyway, before I go I'm going to give you a bonus.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€็งใŒ่กŒใๅ‰ใซใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:05
And the bonus is going to be a bit strange because I'm going to give you the same words
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ใใ—ใฆใŠใพใ‘ใฏ ใพใŸๅŒใ˜่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใฎใงใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใŠใ‹ใ—ใ
16:10
again.
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ใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
16:11
Huh?
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ใฏ๏ผŸ
16:12
I am, but this time I'm going to show you...
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็งใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠๅ›žใฏใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™...
16:14
I thought it was better to break the lessons into two parts.
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’2ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซๅˆ†ใ‘ใŸๆ–นใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
16:18
I showed you how these words could be used as verbs, and this is the past tense of this
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถ
16:21
verb; present tense-right?-past tense, the continuous tense.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๆ™‚ๅˆถ-ๅณ?-้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใ€ ็ถ™็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถ.
16:26
But these same words, many of them or at least five of them can be used as nouns.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŒใ˜ๅ˜่ชžใฎๅคšใใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ 5 ใคใ‚’ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
16:30
So, now I'm going to show you what the noun means.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅ่ฉžใฎ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:35
So, "dick"...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€...
16:39
Parental advis-...
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ไฟ่ญท่€…ใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚น-...
16:40
Sorry.
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็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:41
[Laughs] I'm sorry.
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:43
Parents beware.
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ไธก่ฆชใฏๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:44
I'm just saying this is parental guidance.
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ฆชใฎๆŒ‡ๅฐŽใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:48
I forgot what it is, so: This is a bad word; do not use it.
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ‚ชใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:53
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
16:54
"Dick" also means penis, which is the male sex organ.
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ใ€Œใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใฏใ€็”ทๆ€งใฎๆ€งๅ™จใงใ‚ใ‚‹้™ฐ่ŒŽใ‚‚ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:57
So it's bad slang.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ‚ชใ„ใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
16:58
If someone says: "Don't be a dick", they mean: "Don't act like a bad guy or a bad girl."
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œ[ __ ]ใซใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œๆ‚ชใ„็”ทใ‚„ๆ‚ชใ„ๅฅณใฎๅญใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŒฏใ‚‹่ˆžใ†ใชใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
17:03
Usually it's said to men.
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็”ทๆ€งใซใ‚ˆใ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
17:05
Now, "dick" also means to know nothing.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:07
So, if somebody says: "Hey, he knows dick about the subject", it means: He knows nothing
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œใญใˆใ€ๅฝผใฏใใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆฌกใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™: ๅฝผ
17:12
about the subject.
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ใฏใใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
17:13
"She knows dick about computers" - she knows nothing about computers.
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ - ๅฝผๅฅณ ใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„.
17:16
So, "dick" can be used to mean to know nothing.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
17:20
And it means nothing.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:22
You know dick; you know nothing, as in a noun.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:26
"Nick" not only can be to cause a cut, but a nick - I have a nick here, it means a small
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ใ€Œใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใฏๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ‚ทใฎๅŽŸๅ› ใซใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€
17:32
cut.
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ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ‚ทใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ‚ทใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฐใ•ใชๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ‚ทใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:33
"I nicked my finger" - verb.
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๆŒ‡ใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใŸใ€ - ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
17:35
I nicked it.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆปใ‚“ใ ใ€‚
17:36
"I have a nick on my finger" - small cut on my finger.
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ใ€ŒๆŒ‡ใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ‚ทใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ - ๆŒ‡ใซๅฐใ•ใชๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ‚ทใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:39
"Bill".
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"ๆ˜Ž็ดฐๆ›ธ"ใ€‚
17:40
I told you "bill" is to give you someone something you must pay.
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ใ€Œ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ชฐใ‹ใซไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
17:42
"A bill" is also the paper you have.
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ใ€ŒใŠๆœญใ€ใ‚‚ใŠๆŒใกใฎ็ด™ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:45
You go: "Here's the bill."
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1969
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่กŒใใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
17:47
Okay, now that's the bill.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใงใ™ใ€‚
17:48
I'm billing you and writing down you must pay.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
17:52
Now, here's the bill; here's the paper you must pay.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„็ด™ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:55
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
17:56
So: "Give me the bill at the end of my meal, please."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œ้ฃŸไบ‹ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใ‚’ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
17:58
Or: "We'll be billing you at the end of the month" and that's when you get your cell phone
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ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œๆœˆๆœซใซ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ€ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใฎ
18:02
bill.
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่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใŒๅฑŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
18:03
It also means a proposed law.
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ใพใŸใ€ๆๆกˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆณ•ๅพ‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:06
Huh?
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ใฏ๏ผŸ
18:07
Well, laws: You cannot kill people, you may not steal; the police will arrest you.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆณ•ๅพ‹: ไบบใ‚’ๆฎบใ™ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚็›—ใ‚€ใ“ใจใฏใงใ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ญฆๅฏŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’้€ฎๆ•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:13
A proposed law is think of a baby law.
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ๆๆกˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆณ•ๅพ‹ใฏใ€่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฎๆณ•ๅพ‹ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:16
You have an adult and you have a baby.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏๅคงไบบใŒใ„ใฆใ€่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:19
A baby is like the proposed law; it's what they want to make into a law, but it's not...
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่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฏๆๆกˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆณ•ๅพ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆณ•ๅพ‹ใซใ—ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“...
18:25
It's not a law yet.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ ๆณ•ๅพ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
18:26
So, when somebody says: "Here's a bill" in your government, they're saying: "We think
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ”ฟๅบœใง่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆณ•ๆกˆ ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใซใจใฃใฆ่‰ฏใ„ๆณ•ๅพ‹ใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
18:30
this would be a good law for the people."
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ใ€‚
18:32
They talk about it, they vote on it.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€ๆŠ•็ฅจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:33
If they like it, it becomes a law.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆณ•ๅพ‹ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:35
So, otherwise it's a bill.
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ใใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆณ•ๆกˆใงใ™ใ€‚
18:37
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
18:38
So people have to come up with ideas to make into laws, they present them to the government
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏๆณ•ๅพ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’่€ƒใˆๅ‡บใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œ
18:42
as a bill; and if the government likes it, they change it into a law.
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ใ‚’ๆณ•ๆกˆใจใ—ใฆๆ”ฟๅบœใซๆๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๆ”ฟๅบœใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฐใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆณ•ๅพ‹ใซๅค‰ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
18:46
I'm just a bill up on Capitol Hill.
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็งใฏๅ›ฝไผš่ญฐไบ‹ๅ ‚ใฎ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใงใ™ใ€‚
18:51
When I was a kid, there was a commercial that explained all of this.
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็งใŒๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€ใ“ใฎใ™ในใฆใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒžใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ .
18:54
I'm trying to do my best because I don't have cartoons.
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ๆผซ็”ปใŒใชใ„ใฎใง้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆ ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:57
Anyway.
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ใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€‚
18:58
And the last one I want to talk about is "don".
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€Œใฉใ‚“ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:00
Remember I said "don" was to put something on you?
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ใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็€ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใ‚’่ฆšใˆ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:02
Well, there are...
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญโ€ฆ
19:04
There's another type of don.
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ไป–ใซใ‚‚ใƒ‰ใƒณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
19:05
There's the gangster boss.
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ใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฐใฎใƒœใ‚นใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:07
So when you're looking at...
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19:08
You know when they show the Mafia or the Yakuza, or any other gang, and there's...
394
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ใƒžใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใ‚„ใƒคใ‚ฏใ‚ถใ€ ใใฎไป–ใฎใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฐใŒ็™ปๅ ดใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏโ€ฆ
19:13
Well, specifically, it's the Italian boss, because it's the don, the godfather.
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ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใฎใƒœใ‚น ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ดใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚ถใƒผใฎใƒ‰ใƒณใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:17
He's the don.
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ๅฝผใฏใƒ‰ใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
19:20
That's what this one is supposed to be.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌๆฅใ‚ใ‚‹ในใๅงฟใงใ™ใ€‚
19:21
And when we talk about "don" as being the godfather, it's sort of, like, the leader.
398
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ใŒ ใ‚ดใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚ถใƒผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™.
19:26
In universities, usually the teachers or professors in things like Cambridge and Oxford, they're
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ๅคงๅญฆใงใฏใ€้€šๅธธใ€ ใ‚ฑใƒณใƒ–ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ธใ‚„ใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ‰ใชใฉใฎๆ•™ๅธซใ‚„ๆ•™ๆŽˆใฏ
19:33
also called dons, especially if they have a special position of leadership.
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ใ€็‰นใซๆŒ‡ๅฐŽ่€…ใจใ„ใ†็‰นๅˆฅใช็ซ‹ๅ ดใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใƒ‰ใƒณใจใ‚‚ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
19:37
So: "The don of the university", it means the teacher of the university or the leader
401
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๅคงๅญฆใฎใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅคงๅญฆ ใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ‚„ๅคงๅญฆใฎใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผ
19:43
in the university.
402
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ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:44
And what they share is being leadership.
403
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใ‚ทใƒƒใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:46
"Don" being head.
404
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ใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ใŒ้ ญใ€‚
19:48
Cool?
405
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ๆถผใ—ใ„๏ผŸ
19:49
Thought you'd like that.
406
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ€‚
19:50
That's your daily bonus.
407
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆฏŽๆ—ฅใฎใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
19:51
All right.
408
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
19:52
Now, we've done your daily bonus, so you can see how we've used some of these verbs, and
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใฎใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใŒๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใฎใง ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€
19:57
can transform into nouns, and vice versa.
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ๅ่ฉžใซๅค‰ๆ›ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใใฎ้€†ใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
20:00
Here's your homework: I want you to create five sentences using two of these words in
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎฟ้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™: ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใ†ใกใฎ 2 ใคใ‚’ 1 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€5 ใค
20:05
a sentence to make a new sentences.
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ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:08
So, in this case, I used...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใฏ...
20:09
"I told E to stop dicking around and pay the bill."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏEใซใ€ใตใ–ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ .ใ€
20:13
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
20:14
There, I've done it right there.
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใใ“ใงใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚
20:17
You could say: "I...
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ใ€Œ
20:18
When I...
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็งโ€ฆใ„ใคโ€ฆ
20:19
When I donned my jacket, I nicked my ear with a button."
419
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ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’็€ใŸใจใใ€ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใง่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:23
So, I cut my ear.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€่€ณใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:24
Maybe it was a sharp button.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใใ‚Œใฏ้‹ญใ„ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:25
Crazy, but there you go.
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ใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ธใƒผใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ“ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
20:27
So, try doing that.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:28
And what I'd like you to do is when you've finished your homework, you've done these
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ ็ต‚ใˆใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
20:31
sentences, bring one, you know, put it in the... put it below in the comments, and see
425
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ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็ต‚ใˆใŸใ‚‰ใ€1ใคๆŒใฃใฆใใฆใ€ใใ‚Œ ใ‚’... ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฎไธ‹ใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆ
20:37
if people will help you.
426
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ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™. ๅŠฉใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:38
I've seen many times a lot of students help out other students with their sentences and
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ๅคšใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒ ไป–ใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ„
20:42
form friendships, so I hope that's going to happen for you.
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ใ€ๅ‹ๆƒ…ใ‚’่‚ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
20:46
I'd like you to subscribe, so look around, there's a bell.
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่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใฎใง ใ€่ฆ‹ๅ›žใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใƒ™ใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:49
Ring my bell.
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็งใฎใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:50
And if you...
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
20:51
When it comes up, ring it to subscribe.
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... ใใ‚ŒใŒๆฅใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ—ใฆ่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:53
When you hit the bell, it will send you anything I do that's new; soon as it comes out it'll
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ใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ™ใจใ€็งใŒ่กŒใ†ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚้€ไฟกใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‡บใฆใใ‚‹ใจใ™ใใซใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸ
20:56
come straight to you.
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ใซใพใฃใ™ใใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
20:59
Or you can go to www.engvid.com, so then you can do the same thing.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใซ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
21:02
Anyway, I've got to go.
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ใจใซใ‹ใ่กŒใ‹ใชใใ‚ƒใ€‚
21:05
I've got to don a new outfit; this one's getting a little bit warm in here.
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็งใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆœใ‚’็€ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ“ใ“ใงๅฐ‘ใ—ๆš–ใ‹ใใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:10
I hope you enjoyed the lesson.
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:12
And as always, thank you very much, and I look forward to seeing you again soon.
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใงใใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:15
Have a good day.
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่‰ฏใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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