Too or So?

487,057 views ใƒป 2013-01-28

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi. James from www.engvid.com. I'm just looking at the lesson I'm going to teach you today.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ www.engvid.comใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:13
Some of you will find it so hard and so difficult, and others too hard and too difficult. So
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ใจใฆใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใใฆ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€้›ฃใ— ใ™ใŽใฆ้›ฃใ—ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
00:19
what I'm going to do is I'm going to start off with something basic, and then we'll begin
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ใ€็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰
00:23
the lesson. Right, Mr. E? He's back too. "To" and "so". Two words in English that are so
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใˆใ€Eใ•ใ‚“๏ผŸ ๅฝผใ‚‚ๆˆปใฃใฆใใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œใธใ€ ใจใ€Œใใ†ใ€ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใŒ
00:33
simple and so basic, yet so misunderstood, much like my love for puppies. Anyway, okay.
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ใ€็งใฎๅญ็Šฌใธใฎๆ„›ๆƒ…ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่ชค่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚
00:41
When we talk about "to" and "so", there's the idea of something being more. There's
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ใ€Œtoใ€ใจใ€Œsoใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:46
something extra, and this is right. When you say "so", you usually mean -- we usually -- you'll
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ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใ€Œใใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้€šๅธธใ€
00:54
hear most people say it for about size, so big, so tall, so small, and they want to talk
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใŒใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ ๅคงใใ„ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
01:00
about the size of the thing and really make it strong to you, give you -- tell you it's
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ใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใซๅผทใใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซไธŽใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„-ใใ‚Œ
01:04
not normal, it's more than you think. And when they usually use "to", it's the same
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ใฏๆ™ฎ้€šใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไปฅไธŠใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™. ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ้€šๅธธใ€Œtoใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŒใ˜
01:08
idea, but they usually use it in more of a negative way of thinking. So if you really
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่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใŒใ€้€šๅธธใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช่€ƒใˆๆ–นใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
01:13
want to think of it, think of "so" with a smile, and it's positive. So when you want
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่€ƒใˆใŸใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€็ฌ‘้ก”ใงใ€Œใใ†ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:18
to say something and you really like it so much, so much, so much, see? Use "s" for smile,
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ไฝ•ใ‹่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฅฝใใชใจใใฏ ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚นใƒžใ‚คใƒซใ€
01:23
smiley face, and use "to". And think of "to" because this "to" has two "o's" on it. Think
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ใ‚นใƒžใ‚คใƒชใƒผ ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚นใซใฏ "s" ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€"to" ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ€Œtoใ€ใซใฏใ€Œoใ€ใŒ 2 ใคไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:29
"to". That's too many "o's". I only need one. I only need one. That was the wrong finger.
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ใ€Œใธใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใŒๅคšใ™ใŽใพใ™ใ€‚ 1ใคใ ใ‘ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ 1ใคใ ใ‘ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใŸๆŒ‡ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:34
I only need one "o". And because I only need one "o", there's too many things, so it's
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ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใŒไธ€ใคใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใŒไธ€ใคใ—ใ‹ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€็‰ฉใŒๅคšใ™ใŽใฆ
01:38
more than I want. That help? Okay. Now, I'm going to warn you. That's the basic understanding.
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ไฝ™่จˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๅŠฉใ‘๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ไปŠใ€็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ญฆๅ‘Šใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช็†่งฃใงใ™ใ€‚
01:43
So if you're following and you got that, that's good. If not, go back, watch this part of
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใใ†ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆˆปใฃใฆใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’
01:48
the video again, listen to what I said, and then the rest of this is going to make a lot
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
01:52
of sense. Now, for the rest of you, it's party time, okay? So let's go.
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ ใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ€่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€‚
01:59
"To". Let's start off with "to". Notice "to" is in red. Why is "to" in red? Well, it's
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"ใซ"ใ€‚ ใ€Œใธใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œtoใ€ ใŒ่ตคๅญ—ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œtoใ€ใŒ่ตคใ„ใฎใฏใชใœใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:05
in red because red is usually blood, which is usually negative. In saying that, I want
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่ตคใฏ้€šๅธธ่ก€ๆถฒใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้€šๅธธใฏ่ฒ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใฏ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€
02:11
you to understand that "to" in this case is more than you want, need, or is allowable.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎใ€Œtoใ€ใฏ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœ›ใ‚€ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่จฑๅฎนใงใใ‚‹ไปฅไธŠใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„.
02:17
I use some big words there. Allowable. You are able to do something. But more than you
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ใใ“ใงๅคงใใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่จฑๅฎนใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
02:22
need, more than you want or desire. Excessive. That's what this word means. Excessive means
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ใŒๅฟ…่ฆไปฅไธŠใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœ›ใ‚€ไปฅไธŠใซใ€‚ ้Žๅบฆใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ้Žๅ‰ฐใจใฏใ€
02:28
more, too much. Notice the water coming into the cup. It's coming out. Well, there's too
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใ€ๅคšใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใ‚‹ๆฐดใซๆณจ็›ฎใ— ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅ‡บใฆใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใ‚ใ€ๅคš
02:33
much. Cool? All right. More than. So that's what we mean here.
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ใ™ใŽใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ“ใ“ใงใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
02:40
Give you two examples. "James usually talks too fast, so I don't understand him." That's
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ไพ‹ใ‚’ 2 ใคๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚นใฏใŸใ„ใฆใ„ ๆ—ฉๅฃใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ
02:46
true. That means I speak so fast that most of the information you want, you can't get.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚้€Ÿใ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใง ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:51
It's too fast. It's gone by, and you can't get it back. What's another thing that's excessive?
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้€Ÿใ™ใŽใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ŽใŽๅŽปใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ–ใ‚Šๆˆปใ™ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ไป–ใซ้Žๅ‰ฐใชใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:57
Well, in Saudi Arabia, it's too hot for me. Excessive. It's 50 degrees, man. It's like
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ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใ‚ธใ‚ขใƒฉใƒ“ใ‚ขใงใฏใ€็งใซใฏๆš‘ใ™ใŽใพใ™ใ€‚ ้Žๅบฆใ€‚ 50ๅบฆใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ ใพใ‚‹ใง
03:04
cooking yourself. You don't go to get a tan there. You go to cook yourself, okay? It's
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่‡ช็‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ“ใซๆ—ฅ็„ผใ‘ใ‚’ใ—ใซ่กŒใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ—ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏ
03:08
excessive, more than you want. But every once in a while, small once in a while -- I can
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้Žๅ‰ฐใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœ›ใ‚€ไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ใŸใพใซใ€ๅฐใ•ใชใ“ใจ
03:14
only even think of two examples to give you. That's the truth. "To" can be positive. Remember
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ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’ 2 ใคใ—ใ‹ๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ใณใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œtoใ€ใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:20
I said it's usually negative in the red? It can be positive. I'll give you an example.
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่ตคๅญ—ใฏ้€šๅธธใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใชใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:24
"You're too kind. You come and see me every time I put a video out. Oh, I love you." And
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ„ชใ—ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€‚็งใŒใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใŸใณใซใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใซไผšใ„ใซๆฅ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ—ใฆ
03:30
what I mean by that is you're very kind. It's very nice of you to do this. I'm not saying
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ใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใจใฆใ‚‚่ฆชๅˆ‡ใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:34
it's too much. It's not. It's very nice of you. And sometimes, if you're on a subway
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ๅคšใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ•ต ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ๅœฐไธ‹้‰„ใซไน—ใฃ
03:39
and you come visit Canada or you see a British person, and they say, "Would you like my chair?"
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใ‚’่จชใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ ใจใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎๆค…ๅญใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่žใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:44
You can say, "You're too generous." I almost want to say no because your generosity is
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฏ›ๅคงใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฏ›ๅคงใ•ใŒๅคงใใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็งใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใƒŽใƒผใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใงใ™
03:50
too much. Much. But in this case, once again, it's very positive. Smiley face. Not like
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. ๅคšใใฎใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ ใ€้žๅธธใซใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ฌ‘้ก”ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็”ทใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
03:56
this guy. Sad mouth. Smiley. Okay? Before we forget, don't forget "to" is an adverb
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ใ€‚ ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ๅฃใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒžใ‚คใƒชใƒผใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใŒๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:02
because it can modify adverbs, other adverbs, and other adjectives and verbs. Cool? All
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ€ไป–ใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ€ ใŠใ‚ˆใณไป–ใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฟฎ้ฃพใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
04:08
right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:09
Now, finally, this is the interesting one. "To" -- notice I said there's one "to", two
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œtoใ€ -- ใ€Œtoใ€ใŒ 1 ใคใ€ใ€Œoใ€ใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
04:15
"o"s. It's because "to" is enough, but then we add on another "o", and it's "to" because
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใจใ€ใงๅๅˆ†ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใค่ถณใ—ใฆ
04:22
we mean in addition. "Addition" comes from the base "add". It means you add something
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ใ€่ถณใ—็ฎ—ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€Œใจใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ถณใ—็ฎ—ใ€ใฏใ€Œ่ถณใ—็ฎ—ใ€ใŒ ่ชžๆบใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
04:27
to something else. Example, "Mr. E likes cake, and I like it, too." One plus one. More than
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ใ€‚ ไพ‹๏ผšใ€ŒEใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใŒ ๅฅฝใใงใ€็งใ‚‚ๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ 1 + 1ใ€‚
04:36
one. All right? Now, we can use this with an object, "cake", or a verb. "He went, and
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใ‚’ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‚่กŒใฃใŸใ—
04:42
I went, too." Notice how "to" follows "went" because I'm saying additionally, adding on.
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ใ€็งใ‚‚่กŒใฃใŸใ€ ใ€Œtoใ€ใŒใ€Œ่กŒใฃใŸใ€ใซ็ถšใใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ— ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:49
You like that? Good.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
04:52
We've covered "to" and "excessive", and it's usually -- let's quickly go over it. Well,
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ใ€Œtoใ€ใจใ€Œexcessiveใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒ ใ€้€šๅธธใฏ - ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใ‚ใ€
04:56
not too quickly. I'm using it again. See, I said not too quickly, not excessively. "To"
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้€Ÿใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅ†ใณใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใปใ‚‰ใ€็ง ใฏๆ—ฉใ™ใŽใšใ€้Žๅบฆใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œtoใ€
05:02
means excessive, and "excessive", as we know, is more than you need or want. "To" can be
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ใฏ้Žๅ‰ฐใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ใ€Œexcessiveใ€ใฏใ€ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ๅฟ…่ฆไปฅไธŠใพใŸใฏๅฟ…่ฆไปฅไธŠใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œtoใ€ใฏ
05:07
positive. Very few cases, right? Very kind, very generous are the ones that come to my
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ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใจใฆใ‚‚่ฆชๅˆ‡ใงใ€ ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฏ›ๅคงใชไบบใŒ
05:13
mind right away.
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ใ™ใใซๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ใณใพใ™ใ€‚
05:15
And finally, "to" is as well because we have one "o" plus two. Just like the number two
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใ‚‚ ใ€Œoใ€ใŒ 1 ใคใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใฎ 2
05:20
has one plus one, it means in addition, or additionally. And look, we also have "to",
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ใซ 1 ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น 1 ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่ฟฝๅŠ ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œtoใ€
05:27
an object or a verb it can be used for. Easy to remember, right? Good.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใพใŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
05:31
Now, I told you "to" and "so" get confused. I'm going to tell you how they're similar,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใจใ€Œsoใ€ใ‚’ๆททๅŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:36
and that's why this diagram has this funny part where it's red and blue. But we're going
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ›ณใซใฏ ่ตคใจ้’ใฎ้ข็™ฝใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠใฏ
05:39
to work specifically on "so" now. Are you ready? So let's go. All right.
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็‰นใซใ€Œใใ†ใ€ใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ€่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:45
All right. "So". What does "so" mean? "So la ti do". Well, we're not singing. But what
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ "ใใ‚Œใง"ใ€‚ "so" ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹? ใ€Œใ‚ฝ ใƒปใƒฉใƒปใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒปใƒ‰ใ€ใ€‚ ใพใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆญŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
05:51
we're trying to get at is "extent". "Extent". And because it's an adverb and we use it,
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็งใŸใกใŒๅˆฐ้”ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€Œ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ "็ฏ„ๅ›ฒ"ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€
05:57
we use it with things like "quickly" or "shortly", right? So -- I'm using it again. "So, so,
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ใ€Œใ™ใฐใ‚„ใใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œใ™ใใซใ€ใชใฉใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟใ„ ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ - ็งใฏๅ†ใณใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ "
06:03
so". It's got to be an important word, right? For instance, I can say, "He speaks so quickly,
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ใใใ"ใ€‚ ๅคงไบ‹ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆ—ฉๅฃใชใฎใงใ€่žใๅ–ใ‚Šใซใใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
06:09
it's hard to understand him." Notice how it differs. I said "to" was excessive. "Excessive"
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ€Œtoใ€ใฏ้Žๅ‰ฐใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œ้Žๅ‰ฐใ€
06:14
meant too much. The water was coming out. "So" means, to an extent, how much, how fast.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚„ใ‚Š้ŽใŽใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฐดใŒๅ‡บใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็จ‹ๅบฆใ€ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„้€Ÿใ„ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:20
And it means, like, very in its own way. You like that one? Okay.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€้žๅธธใซ ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:24
What about another one? "So quietly". Well, "She moved so quietly, nobody noticed." It's
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œใจใฆใ‚‚้™ใ‹ใซใ€ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้™ใ‹ใซๅ‹•ใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ๆฐ—ไป˜ใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€.
06:35
not "too quietly". It's "so quietly". And we're saying very -- how much, how quietly.
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ใ€Œ้™ใ‹ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใจใฆใ‚‚้™ใ‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏ้žๅธธใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ - ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘้™ใ‹ใซใ€‚
06:41
You like that? Good. So we have two examples now. "Too quickly" -- sorry. "So quickly"
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ—ฉใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€ -- ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ—ฉใ
06:47
and "so quietly". And they mean to what extent and how much. "Extent" is like a measurement.
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ใ€ใ€Œใจใฆใ‚‚้™ใ‹ใซใ€ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใฉใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆใ€ใฉใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใ€ใฏๆธฌๅฎšๅ€คใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
06:53
It's a measurement. And that's what this means, like the maximum or the minimum of something.
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ๆธฌๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๆœ€ๅคงๅ€คใพใŸใฏๆœ€ๅฐๅ€คใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:58
"Extent". To what extent did they do this? All right.
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"็ฏ„ๅ›ฒ"ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆ่กŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:04
Now I have to explain something to you. When we said "so" and "to" are similar -- "similar"
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ไปŠใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ†ใ€ใจใ€Œใจใ€ใŒไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใ€ใ€Œไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€
07:09
is a special word because it means "same", but there is a difference. And now I have
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ใฏใ€ŒๅŒใ˜ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใชใฎใง็‰นๅˆฅใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ ใŒใ€้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€็งใฏ
07:14
to teach you what that difference is, right? In this case, they're the same because -- and
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใใฎ้•ใ„ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ? ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŒใ˜ใชใฎใง -- ใใ—ใฆใ€
07:20
this is where the diagram meets. "Extremely" and "excessive" are usually very far end -- the
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใƒ€ใ‚คใ‚ขใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใŒไบคใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้žๅธธใซใ€ ใจใ€Œ้Žๅบฆใซใ€ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€
07:27
very far end of something. So when something is extremely hot, it's meaning there's hot,
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้žๅธธใซ้ ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ้žๅธธใซ้ ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ ใŒ้žๅธธใซๆš‘ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆš‘ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
07:32
and then there's hot. It's so hot. When it's too hot, it means here's the limit, and you
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็†ฑใ„ใ€‚ ๆš‘ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใŒ้™็•Œใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’
07:38
go past it. Okay? Do you remember this? "Too", "excessive", "too much". "So" is the measurement.
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่ถ…ใˆใฆใ—ใพใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅคšใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œๅคš ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œๅคšใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ†ใ€ใฏๆธฌๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚
07:47
And when we say it this way for "extremely", which means "emphasis", we usually mean on
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅผท่ชฟใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ€Œ้žๅธธใซใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ ใ€้€šๅธธ
07:51
the maximum part, the furthest part. I'll give you an example.
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ใ€ๆœ€ๅคงใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚้ ใ„ ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:57
The soup was so hot, I had to leave it and eat it an hour later. It's not that it was
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ใ‚นใƒผใƒ—ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็†ฑใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆ1ๆ™‚้–“ๅพŒใซ้ฃŸในใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใงใ—ใŸ.
08:02
too hot, I could never eat it. It was just so hot, I've got to wait. I wait 10 minutes.
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ๆš‘ใ™ใŽใฆ้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆš‘ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใŸใ€‚ 10ๅˆ†ๅพ…ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
08:10
It's okay now. It's so hot. But you know what? The soup was so good, I asked for a second
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ไปŠใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็†ฑใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚นใƒผใƒ—ใŒใจใฆใ‚‚็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๆฏใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
08:16
bowl. Emphasis. It was so good, I loved it. All right? And my girlfriend is so hot, you
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ใ€‚ ๅผท่ชฟใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฎใ‚ฌใƒผใƒซใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆš‘ใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
08:24
want to go see her. Yeah, that's right. I know. Some of you asked if I'm married, I've
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ใฏๅฝผๅฅณใซไผšใ„ใซ่กŒใใŸใ„ใงใ™. ใฏใ„ใ€ใใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€‚ ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฏ็งใŒ็ตๅฉšใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—
08:28
got a girlfriend. I've got a cat. That's right, a cat. It was so annoying, I want to get a
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ใŸใ€็งใซใฏใ‚ฌใƒผใƒซใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ็Œซใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ ใ€็Œซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚“ใฉใใ•ใใฆใ€ๅฅณใซใ—ใŸใ„
08:35
woman. But that's another issue, see? Emphasis. Okay? Emphasis is "extremely" in this case.
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅใฎๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ๅผท่ชฟใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎๅผท่ชฟใฏใ€Œ้žๅธธใซใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:41
Now, we talked about where they're the same, and I told you about "excessive" and "extremely",
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใฉใ“ใŒๅŒใ˜ ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ.ใ€Œ้Žๅ‰ฐใ€ใจใ€Œ้žๅธธใซใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—
08:47
and that's how they share this strange area here. But once again, they have separate circles
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ใพใ—ใŸ. ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใฏ็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใฃใฆๅˆฅใฎใ‚ตใƒผใ‚ฏใƒซ
08:52
for a reason. "So" is positive, smiley face, but "so" also has a meaning that "to" doesn't
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ†ใ€ใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช็ฌ‘้ก”ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œใใ†ใ€ใซใฏ ใ€Œใจใ€ใซใชใ„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
08:58
have, and that's "conjunction". "Conjunction". "Conjunction" means to put things together.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€ŒๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ตๅˆใ€ใจใฏใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
09:04
And you know what this is because of the special word "and". "And" is a conjunction or "but".
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ€ใ€Œandใ€ใจใ„ใ†็‰นๅˆฅใชๅ˜่ชžใฎใŠใ‹ใ’ใงใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ "and" ใฏๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใพใŸใฏ "but" ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:09
It's a big, fancy word for saying "putting two ideas together", right? That's how we
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ใ€Œ2ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ๅคงใใใฆๆดพๆ‰‹ใช่จ€่‘‰ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใก
09:15
make complex sentences. So in this case, "conjunction", and when we use it, we actually mean "thus"
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ใŒ่ค‡้›‘ใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ŒๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ€ใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€Œใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
09:21
or "therefore". You hear these in these big books, you know? The books with usually 500
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅคงใใชๆœฌใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ้€šๅธธใฏ 500 ใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใฎๆœฌใงใ€
09:26
pages, they charge you $100, they have to put words. "Therefore, he said to the people,
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100 ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ใ—ใ€่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใฏๆฐ‘ใซ
09:31
'Thus we shall walk'". Yeah, if you know -- recognize that voice, it's from the Batman movie. The
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ใ€Žใ“ใ†ใ—ใฆๆญฉใ“ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใใฎๅฃฐใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒใƒƒใƒˆใƒžใƒณๆ˜ ็”ปใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™.
09:38
last installment. Great. So great. Emphasis mine. You've got to see it. "To". That one.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅˆ†ๅ‰ฒๆ‰•ใ„ใ€‚ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ้‰ฑๅฑฑใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ "ใซ"ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
09:45
All right. "Conjunction". "I wasn't feeling well, so I went to the doctor." It's not extremely
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ‹ใฃใŸ ใฎใงใ€ๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ๆฅต็ซฏใซ็พๅญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
09:53
extant. It's saying, "I wasn't feeling well, so I had to go to the doctor." I bring the
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ‹ใฃใŸ ใฎใงใ€ๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
09:58
two ideas together, okay? How about this one? "It was cold out, so I got my jacket." I got
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2ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅค–ใฏๅฏ’ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’็€ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
10:05
my jacket because it was cold. I want to bring these ideas together. I don't have to say
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ๅฏ’ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงไธŠ็€ใ‚’็€ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใฎๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ "and" ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
10:11
"and", which is the normal conjunction. I can say "so". All right?
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:16
And finally, "I think this video is over." "I think so." No, not quite. But here's the
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚ "ใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚" ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
10:23
example of truth. A lot of times, you're going to hear Canadians say, "I think so" or "I
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ไบบใŒใ€Œใใ†ๆ€ใ†ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ†ๆ€ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™
10:27
thought so". And what they're telling you is not conjunction, not extant, not extremely.
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ใ€็ตๅˆใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€็พๅญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ๆฅต็ซฏใงใฏใชใ„.
10:33
They're actually trying to tell you, "I thought it was true." "Was it raining yesterday?"
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚ใชใŸใซใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใจไผใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ้›จใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
10:38
"I thought so." "Did he bring the book?" "I think so." "I believe" or "I think it's true."
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"็งใฏใใ†ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚" ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆœฌใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ " ใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚" ใ€Œ็งใฏไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
10:45
Okay? You like that? I do.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:48
Mr. E and I would like you to learn some more, so -- okay, conjunction -- come to this special
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E ใ•ใ‚“ใจ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใชๅ ดๆ‰€ www.engvid.com ใซๆฅใฆ
10:55
place, www.engvid.com, where you can learn about this lesson on "so" and "to". And you
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ ใ€ใ€Œsoใ€ใจใ€Œtoใ€ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
11:10
know what? There's another one that you can study, too. It's on, like, "either/or". So
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ใฏไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅ‹‰ๅผทใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไป– ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹/ใพใŸใฏใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚ชใƒณใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
11:15
go see. You'll see it for yourself, okay? Good.
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่ฆ‹ใซ่กŒใใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใญใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
11:18
Listen, I hope you learned some stuff so we can teach you some more. And I'd like you
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่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจ ใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
11:22
to come back. Bring a friend, too. See? I used it. All right? Have a good one.
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ๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๅ‹้”ใ‚‚้€ฃใ‚Œใฆใใฆใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ ไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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