English Grammar - "All" & "Every" - What's the difference?

131,496 views ใƒป 2010-09-12

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello, and welcome to the ESL Theatre, joke. My last video was a joke. If you see the two together, in fact, I tell you, look for the other video where I'm using this book and making fun, ok? Acting very frou-frou, I said frou-frou. Check, go through the site, you'll find it.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ESL Theatre ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€ๅ†—่ซ‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฏๅ†—่ซ‡ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซ่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใŒใ“ใฎๆœฌใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๅ†—่ซ‡ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซใตใ–ใ‘ใŸใตใ‚Šใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใตใ–ใ‘ใฆ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:23
Alright, all, well this actually, this lesson is very specific. It's on all and every, ok?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ ใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚Šใจใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
00:30
Mr. E, as you know, is going to help me teach.
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Eใ•ใ‚“ ใฏ็งใฎๆŒ‡ๅฐŽใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:39
He's saying something right here, it's "all worms are handsome" or "every worm is handsome".
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ๅฝผใฏใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎ ใƒฏใƒผใƒ ใฏใƒใƒณใ‚ตใƒ ใงใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎใƒฏใƒผใƒ ใฏใƒใƒณใ‚ตใƒ ใงใ™ใ€.
00:47
Now, is this the same? No, not the same. And we're going to work today to figure out what is the difference.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใก ใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใ€้•ใ„ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅƒใใพใ™.
00:58
The reason why I put this one up here is I have commonly students say "all time", "all people".
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็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใซ่ผ‰ใ›ใŸ็†็”ฑใฏใ€ ๅญฆ็”ŸใŸใกใซใ‚ˆใใ€Œใšใฃใจใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:03
Now, there is a way you can say "all time" or "all people", but you have to be careful how you say it.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œall timeใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œall peopleใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใซใฏๆณจๆ„ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
01:09
Today we're going to learn the difference, why and when you can say something, alright?
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใ€ใ„ใคไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
01:13
Now, the first time I'm going to work on it with "all" and "everything", I'm actually going to do a conjunction.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅˆใ‚ใฆใ€Œallใ€ ใจใ€Œeverythingใ€ใงๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใฟใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฎŸใฏๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:18
I'm going to put "every", but I'm going to put "every" with "everything" because I want to give you something right out, ok?
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ใ€Œeveryใ€ใจ ๆ›ธใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ™ใใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€Œeverythingใ€ใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ€Œeveryใ€ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:24
When we say "all", when we talk about "all" and "every" and "everything",
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ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€
01:34
I'm just going to move this in a little bit, make sure you get it on the board, ok? So, one second.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฟ…ใšใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่ผ‰ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใญใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€1 ็ง’ใ€‚
01:38
When we talk about "all" and "everything", the very basis, let's do it this way.
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ใ€Œๅ…จใฆใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใจ ใ€ๆ นๅบ•ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ“ใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:43
When we talk about "all" and "every", here's the first thing you have to know.
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ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
01:47
"All" means "whole", "every" means "individual".
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ใ€Œallใ€ใฏใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œeveryใ€ใฏใ€Œๅ€‹ๅˆฅใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:57
It's related to "each", ok?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ€ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:02
When we talk about "each thing", we talk about one thing.
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏไธ€ใคใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:06
Now, the problem with "each" is that it only means one plus one plus one.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œeachใ€ใฎๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒ 1 + 1 + 1 ใ—ใ‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:09
When we say "every", we mean "each", but we mean it as a group.
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ใ€Œeveryใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏใ€Œeachใ€ ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใจใ—ใฆใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
02:13
So, it's individual things in a group.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ†…ใฎๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:20
That's why when we say things like, "Did you eat all of the pie?"
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€Œใƒ‘ใ‚คๅ…จ้ƒจ้ฃŸในใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใจใ‹่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ€‚
02:25
It means the totality, the whole pie.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚คๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:27
But, "Did you eat every pie?"
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
02:29
We eat individual pies, and many of them, as a group, not the same.
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็งใŸใกใฏๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎๅคšใใฏ ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใจใ—ใฆๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:36
Group, whole, that's all we care about.
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ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ€ๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒๆฐ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
02:39
"Every", what we have is this.
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ใ€ŒEveryใ€ใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
02:41
We have a circle, and we are talking about the group, but we're talking about all the things in that group, as individuals.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ตใƒผใ‚ฏใƒซใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ใใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ†…ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ๅ€‹ไบบใจใ—ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:50
Understand?
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็†่งฃ๏ผŸ
02:52
I know you do.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:54
So, we talk about the whole as one piece, and this, we consider it like this, as one, and this as the parts of the whole.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ 1 ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใจใ—ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€1 ใคใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…จไฝ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
03:00
Good.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
03:01
So, the first thing we're going to look at is "all" and "everything".
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ใงใฏใ€ใพใš ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:06
Here's something you say, a lot of people say when they're in relationships.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€ๅคšใใฎ ไบบใŒ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:12
I like to, let's say this.
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็งใฏๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:25
I'm sorry.
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:29
Magic of television is going to go on.
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ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใฎ้ญ”ๆณ•ใฏ็ถšใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:37
All I've had is hope for today.
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็งใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๅธŒๆœ›ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:39
Or...
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ใพใŸใฏ...
03:57
Let's look at that.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:58
You have two statements.
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2 ใคใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:59
All I've had is healthy food today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅ้ฃŸในใŸใฎใฏ ๅฅๅบท้ฃŸๅ“ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:00
Everything I've had is healthy food today.
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็งใŒไปŠๆ—ฅๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎ ใฏใ™ในใฆๅฅๅบท้ฃŸๅ“ใงใ™.
04:03
When we say "all" in this case, don't mind me, I'm going to get rid of this, give us a little bit more room.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏใ€ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใง ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ไฝ™่ฃ•ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:10
When we say "all" in this particular case, and "everything" in this case, although the statements are similar, the meanings are not quite.
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ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใงใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใงใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ ใ€ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฏไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:22
"All" in this case means "only".
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใฏใ€Œใฎใฟใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:28
The only things, right?
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ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:30
Only.
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ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ€‚
04:31
In this case it's "everything included".
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€Œใ™ในใฆ่พผใฟใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:42
All the things, remember we talked about dot, dot, dot, dot, dot, dot, dot, dot, dot, dot, dot.
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ใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:47
They're saying everything I've had, all the things are healthy.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ™ในใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒๅฅๅบทใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:51
In this case they're saying "only" healthy things.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ€Œใฎใฟใ€ๅฅๅบท็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
04:54
Everything else is excluded.
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ใใ‚Œไปฅๅค–ใฏใ™ในใฆ้™คๅค–ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:56
Cool.
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ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚
04:57
Alright?
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ
04:58
So if you say something like "all I've done for you", it means the thing I've done for you or nothing but this thing,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œall I've done for youใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏใ“ใฎใ“ใจไปฅๅค–ใฎไฝ•ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
05:07
well everything would be all the things I've done for you.
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:10
All the little parts.
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๅฐใ•ใช้ƒจๅ“ใ€‚
05:11
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:12
Cool.
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ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚
05:13
So the first thing we're going to do is "all" and "everything" because they're not exactly the same.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่กŒใ†ใฎใฏใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจ ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:16
One is inclusive, meaning all parts, the other one is singular, meaning one part.
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1 ใคใฏๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ็š„ใงใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐใงใ€1 ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:21
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:22
The next thing I want to do is "people".
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ๆฌกใซ ใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ€Œไบบใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:26
This is where people make the biggest mistake with "all" and "everything".
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไบบใ€… ใŒใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใงๆœ€ๅคงใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:35
Now, here I'm going to put this.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ผ‰ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:37
That's either going to be "everybody" or "one".
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œใฟใ‚“ใชใ€ใ‹ใ€Œไธ€ไบบใ€ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:43
If we were to say as a group of people, we can't say "all people".
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้›†ๅ›ฃใง ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€Œๅ…จๅ“กใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:47
Now, I lied to you.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:49
If you say "all people have two I's", that's what we call a truism.
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ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใฏ 2 ใคใฎ I ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ่‡ชๆ˜Žใฎ็†ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:53
In that case, you can add "all" to a noun, but you're saying everything in that category or all things in that particular group.
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ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใ‚’ๅ่ฉžใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใใฎใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใฎใ™ในใฆใพใŸใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
06:01
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:02
And that's got to be true.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:03
So you can't just say it as a general statement unless you know that general statement will be true in most cases.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใŒใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใจใ—ใฆ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ .
06:09
So if that sounds a little high, okay, it's an intermediate lesson but it might be a little bit high to get,
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ๅฐ‘ใ—้ซ˜ใ„ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไธญ็ดš่€…ๅ‘ใ‘ใฎ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅ–ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้ซ˜ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
06:14
but the idea is you cannot say "all people" when you're talking about a group of people in a general way.
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ใŒใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ .
06:20
When you say "all people", you must mean all people, all humans, period.
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ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏใ€ ใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎไบบ้–“ใ€ๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:24
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:25
There's an old saying that goes like this.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅคใ„ใ“ใจใ‚ใ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:28
"All men are mortal."
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ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใฏๆญปใฌใ€‚ใ€
06:32
If you've ever studied philosophy, it's one of the first things they teach you.
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ๅ“ฒๅญฆใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅ“ฒๅญฆ ใฏๆœ€ๅˆใซๆ•™ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
06:35
"All men are mortal", meaning all men will die.
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ใ€ŒAll men are mortalใ€ใจใฏใ€ ใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใŒๆญปใฌใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
06:39
It's not a group, just some men, but all men of all time to be a man is to be mortal.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใฏใชใใ€ไธ€้ƒจใฎ็”ทๆ€งใ ใ‘ ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:47
Then it says, "Socrates is a man."
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ฝใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ†ใ‚นใฏ็”ทใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:56
And from there they say, "Therefore, Socrates is mortal."
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ใใ—ใฆใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ€Œใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ฝใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ†ใ‚นใฏๆญปใฌใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
07:03
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:04
But you notice this has to be for all men in all time.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅธธใซใ™ในใฆใฎ็”ทๆ€งใฎใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใพใ—ใŸ.
07:08
Now, I'm telling you this because usually when we have "all" we use prepositions.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€้€šๅธธ ใ€"all" ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:12
And the two prepositions we use would be with "all", "all of" or "all about".
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏ ใ€"all"ใ€"all of"ใ€ใพใŸใฏ "all about" ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
07:22
These are the prepositions we usually use.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒ้€šๅธธไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
07:24
When we use "every", we usually use nouns.
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ใ€Œeveryใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใฏใ€ ใŸใ„ใฆใ„ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:31
Everybody, everyone, every time, every place.
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ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€ ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€ใฉใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
07:34
That's one of the big differences.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใฎ1ใคใงใ™ ใ€‚
07:36
And even sometimes with "every" we join them together or we can have them separated.
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ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œeveryใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ตๅˆใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅˆ†้›ขใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:40
On another lesson I'll teach you the difference between what is "every place" and "every place" separated.
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ๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ€ ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ใจใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ใŒๅˆ†้›ขใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™.
07:45
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
07:46
Or "every one" separated and "every one" together.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใŒๅˆ†้›ข ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใŒไธ€็ท’ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:48
There is a difference.
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้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:49
And I'll teach you another lesson today.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
07:50
I just want to go through the comparison here.
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ใ“ใ“ใ ใ‘ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:52
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:53
So, this one you usually join with nouns.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้€šๅธธๅ่ฉžใจ็ตๅˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:55
This one is usually with prepositions.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้€šๅธธ ใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžไป˜ใใงใ™ใ€‚
07:57
This is especially important when we talk about people.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ไบบใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซ็‰นใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใ€…
07:59
When you want to talk about a group of people, you can't say "every people" or "all".
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ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจใ ใ€ใ€Œๅ…จๅ“กใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œๅ…จๅ“กใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ
08:03
You can't say "all people", which a lot of students like to say.
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ๅฅฝใ‚“ใง่จ€ใ†ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:07
They say "all people enjoyed themselves at the party".
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œใฟใ‚“ใชใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:10
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:11
They will say something like "instead of" or "body enjoyed themselves".
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œไปฃใ‚ใ‚Š ใซใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œไฝ“ใŒๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
08:37
"Enjoyed" blah, blah, blah.
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ใ€Œๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ไฝ•ใจใ‹ไฝ•ใจใ‹ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€‚
08:41
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:42
Now, why?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใชใœใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:43
Remember we talked about "all" being the whole group?
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ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใŒใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ…จไฝ“ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
08:45
And then if you remember the explanation I gave you with "all people" when we talked about Socrates.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚ฝใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ†ใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใจใใซใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:49
Well, not all people went to the party.
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ใˆใˆใจ ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใŒใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:51
A certain group went to the party.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ— ใŒใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:53
This is why the preposition "of" is so important in this case.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€Œofใ€ใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใช็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
08:57
When you use the preposition "of", it talks about one part of a group or one part belonging to a group.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž "of" ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ ใจใ€ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎไธ€้ƒจใพใŸใฏใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซๅฑžใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€้ƒจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:03
So, when we say "all of the people", "the people" is very specific.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใ€…ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ ใ€Œไบบใ€…ใ€ใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:13
It's the people at the party.
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฎไบบใŸใกใงใ™ใ€‚
09:15
So, it's not the whole group of humanity, all people.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไบบ้กžใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ…จไฝ“ใงใฏใชใใ€ ใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใ€…ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:18
It's the people at that party enjoyed themselves.
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ใใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฎไบบใ€…ใฏ ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ .
09:21
The article "the" means specific.
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ๅ† ่ฉžใฎใ€Œtheใ€ ใฏๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
09:24
So, this specific group of people enjoyed themselves at the party.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎไบบใ€… ใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใงๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:28
When we say "everyone enjoyed themselves", we mean each person at that party.
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ใ€Œใฟใ‚“ใชใŒๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ใ€ใจ ใฏใ€ใใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:32
So, we don't need to use that preposition.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:34
We just use the noun, which is each and every part.
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็งใŸใก ใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:37
Which ones?
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ใฉใ‚Œ๏ผŸ
09:38
"Everyone" or "everybody".
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ใ€Œใฟใ‚“ใชใ€ใจใ‹ใ€Œใฟใ‚“ใชใ€ใจใ‹ใ€‚
09:39
This is every individual person or every single person or body.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆใฎๅ€‹ไบบใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใพใŸใฏไฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:43
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ไธŠ็ดšใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซ
09:44
Maybe we should change this lesson to advanced lesson.
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ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
09:47
I'm trying to think about it.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:48
So, when we say "every" in this case, we can say "everybody" or "everyplace" because we mean each individual case.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎใ€Œeveryใ€ ใจใฏใ€ๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œeverybodyใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œeveryplaceใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
09:53
While here, we need this preposition, and that's why we use it a lot to say all of this particular group.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ— ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎใ™ในใฆใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ†็†็”ฑใงใ™.
09:59
Alright?
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ
10:00
How was that?
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ใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
10:01
Not so bad, right?
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ๆ‚ชใใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:02
So, the next time you're talking to your friend and you go, "I was at a party the other day.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆฌกใซๅ‹้”ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใจใใซใ€ใ€Œๅ…ˆๆ—ฅใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
10:06
All people loved it.
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ใ€‚ใฟใ‚“ใชๅคงๅฅฝใ
10:07
It was great."
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ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:08
You go, "My friend."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใ€ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:11
With your Faulkner book, of course, you go, "My friend."
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚ฏใƒŠใƒผใฎๆœฌ ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:13
You do realize that "all" is the entire group.
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ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใŒใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ…จไฝ“ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:16
In this case, it would be all of humanity.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏไบบ้กžๅ…จไฝ“ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:18
And all humanity was not at the party.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎไบบ้กž ใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:20
I guarantee you.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ไฟ่จผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:21
Some of them weren't even human.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏไบบ้–“ใงใ•ใˆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:23
So, you must say "all of the people", "the" being the operative article to say all of this particular group of people enjoyed themselves.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€Œtheใ€ใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎไบบใ€…ๅ…จๅ“กใŒๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎๆœ‰ๅŠนๅ† ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
10:30
But, why even do that, my friend?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใชใœใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ๅ‹ใ‚ˆ?
10:32
Why don't we say "everybody enjoyed themselves" and make it easy?
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ใ€Œใฟใ‚“ใช ๆฅฝใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใญใ€ใจๆฐ—่ปฝใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:35
Yes?
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ใฏใ„๏ผŸ
10:36
Because each person at the party enjoyed.
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฎๅ„ไบบใŒๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:38
Now you understand.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:39
Cool?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
10:40
Now, here's another one.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใ€‚
10:42
The students make a problem with him.
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็”Ÿๅพ’ ใŸใกใฏๅฝผใจๅ•้กŒใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:44
If you remember, the preposition "of" is here.
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่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€Œใฎใ€ใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:46
So, keep this in mind when I teach this.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟต้ ญใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:48
Alright?
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ
10:49
Because it's not going to be exactly the same.
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ๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ใซใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:51
Now, you saw this when we used it for people.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŸใกใŒไบบใ€…ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸใจใใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸ.
10:53
So, why don't we stop talking about people, but why don't we talk about time, which is another category people make mistakes on.
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ใงใฏใ€ไบบใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
10:59
"All".
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"ๅ…จใฆ"ใ€‚
11:04
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:05
You could say "all of the time", but we usually say "all the time".
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ใ€Œใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ ้€šๅธธใฏใ€Œใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:12
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:14
We usually say "all the time".
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็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใ€Œใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:16
And on the other hand, we usually say "every time".
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ŒๆฏŽๅ›žใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:21
Careful not to join this one, okay?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆ ใญใ€‚
11:23
"Every time".
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"ๆฏŽๅ›ž"ใ€‚
11:24
Now, remember what I said at the beginning about "all" and "the".
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจใ€Œใใฎใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆๅ†’้ ญใง่ฟฐในใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒ
11:29
I'm going to write it on the board for you at the end.
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ใซใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใŠใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:31
But one talks about the whole group, and one talks about each and every event and time.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ…จไฝ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใจๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:37
So, when you say "all the time", you are late all the time.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ ใ„ใคใ‚‚้…ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
11:41
Translation.
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็ฟป่จณใ€‚
11:42
See this "a" and the "l"?
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ใ“ใฎใ€Œaใ€ใจใ€Œlใ€ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:44
It generally translates to "all".
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้€šๅธธ ใฏใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจ่จณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
11:47
So, you know what?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:48
I want you to remember this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
11:50
It means "always".
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ใ€Œใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
11:56
And it's "all the time".
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œใšใฃใจใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:58
Because "the" is making that specific.
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ใ€Œtheใ€ ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:00
All the times we meet, or all the time you do, all the time that you do for this particular activity.
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็งใŸใกใŒไผšใ†ใจใใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆดปๅ‹•ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
12:05
Work, eating, or something.
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ€้ฃŸไบ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚
12:08
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
12:09
All the time.
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€‚
12:10
It means "always".
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ใ€Œใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
12:11
And that's why "the" is there to make it very specific.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œtheใ€ใฏ ้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
12:14
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:15
Now, when we say "every time", it's not quite the same.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€ŒๆฏŽๅ›žใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:19
It means "each".
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
12:31
Each and every occasion.
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ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใซใ€‚
12:33
It means each individual time on every occasion.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใฎๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:36
If I say "you look different all the time", always different.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚้•ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใ„ใคใ‚‚้•ใ†ใ€‚
12:41
Always.
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€‚
12:42
Never the same.
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ๆฑบใ—ใฆๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:43
If I say "you look different every time", each occasion is a little different.
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ใ€ŒๆฏŽๅ›ž้•ใ†้ก”ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ ๆฏŽๅ›žๅฐ‘ใ—ใšใค้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:49
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:50
So we're looking and we really care about the individual parts of it.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ใใฎๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฐ—ใซใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:53
More detailed.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฉณ็ดฐใชใ€‚
12:54
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:55
Cool?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
12:56
Now, I'm going to wrap this up.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใง็ท ใ‚ใใใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:58
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:59
So now when we look here, all worms are handsome, and every worm is handsome.
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ใ“ใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒฏใƒผใƒ ใŒ ใƒใƒณใ‚ตใƒ ใงใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒฏใƒผใƒ ใŒใƒใƒณใ‚ตใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:04
Not the same, right?
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ๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
13:06
You got it.
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ไบ†่งฃใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:07
So this means the entire category of worms is good looking.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ใƒฏใƒผใƒ ใฎใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชๅ…จไฝ“ใŒ่ฆ‹ๆ „ใˆใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:09
Well, this one says "each individual worm".
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎใƒฏใƒผใƒ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:12
In this case.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
13:21
I think he looks very handsome indeed, don't you?
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ๅฝผใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใƒใƒณใ‚ตใƒ ใ ใจ ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
13:25
Well, he is a handsome worm.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใฏใƒใƒณใ‚ตใƒ ใชใƒฏใƒผใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:27
Anyway.
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ใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€‚
13:28
Quick lesson up here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ€‚
13:29
So we've got "all" and "every".
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‚‰้›ขใ‚Œใฆ็†่งฃใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œ
13:30
Just keep in mind, the one thing you should walk away from today and understand.
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ใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใฎ1ใคใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„.
13:34
I'll do a further lesson because there's also "whole", "all" and "every" and blah, blah, blah more.
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ใ€Œwholeใ€ใ€ใ€Œallใ€ใ€ใ€Œeveryใ€ใ€ใใ—ใฆไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:39
But when we talk about "all" and "every", the two things you should have or keep in mind are this.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œallใ€ใจใ€Œeveryใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ ใ€ๅฟƒใซ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใในใ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
13:43
"All", think "whole".
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ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:47
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
13:48
Think "whole".
220
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ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:52
And think "preposition".
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:57
"Of" is a good one.
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ใ€Œใฎใ€ใฏใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
13:59
Or "about".
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็ด„ใ€ใ€‚
14:00
Tell me all about your day.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธ€ๆ—ฅใซใคใ„ใฆๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:01
That makes a complete story about your day, right?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธ€ๆ—ฅใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๅฎŒๅ…จใช็‰ฉ่ชžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:03
Or all of the people enjoy the party.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎไบบ ใŒใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:06
The whole group of people at that party.
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ใใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฎๅ…จ ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ€‚
14:08
When you think "everything".
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ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใใ€‚
14:13
Or should I not "everything"?
229
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:14
When we think "every", think "each".
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ใ€ŒๆฏŽใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:23
"Each".
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"ๅ„"ใ€‚
14:24
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
14:25
And think "nouns".
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œๅ่ฉžใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:28
Literally.
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ€‚
14:29
Person, place or thing.
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ไบบใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€็‰ฉใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚
14:31
Know that each one can be used for things, but specifically both of them can be used for time and people.
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็‰ฉไบ‹ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ๆ™‚้–“ใจไบบใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:41
Alright?
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ
14:42
As I said, we're going to come back with another lesson later on in which we go through why "every" can be joined with the noun or sometimes "every" and the noun are separate.
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ๅ…ˆใปใฉ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅพŒใงๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซๆˆปใฃใฆ ใ€ใ€Œeveryใ€ใŒๅ่ฉžใจ็ตๅˆใงใใ‚‹็†็”ฑใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œeveryใ€ใจๅ่ฉžใŒๅˆ†้›ขใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:51
Alright?
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ
14:52
Look, I've taken a lot of your time.
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅคšใใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:54
I don't want to do this all day.
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็งใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:56
Time, all day, the complete day.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ€็ต‚ๆ—ฅใ€ไธธไธ€ๆ—ฅใ€‚
14:58
Every time I meet you, I hope you learn English and learn it well.
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซไผšใ†ใŸใณใซใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใณใ€ใ‚ˆใๅญฆใถใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:03
Alright?
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ
15:04
Listen, I'm out of here.
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่žใ„ใฆใ€็งใฏใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:06
I spent all my time talking to you.
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็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใจ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซใ™ในใฆใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:09
And every time I do this, my girlfriend gets angry, so I got to split.
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ใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซ ๅฝผๅฅณใซๆ€’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆๅˆฅใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:13
Have a great day, but before I go, you need to go someplace.
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่‰ฏใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅ ใ‚’ ็‰นๅˆฅใชๅ ดๆ‰€
15:16
You need to go someplace special.
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ใซ่กŒใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:18
It's where all the good students go and everyone improves.
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ๅ„ช็ง€ใชๅญฆ็”Ÿ ใŒ้›†ใพใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒไธŠ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:22
They always say they've been to this place.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ“ใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:25
Notice I'm teaching you stuff.
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:28
Please go to www...
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www ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„...
15:29
No, I'm not going to say please.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:31
This is an order.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆณจๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:32
Go now.
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ไปŠ่กŒใใ€‚
15:33
Do it for your country.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ›ฝใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:34
Do it for your woman.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฅณๆ€งใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:35
Do it for your man.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็”ทใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:36
Do it for me.
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็งใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
15:37
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
15:38
Go to www.eng as in English, vid as in video.com where there will be questions.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ www.engใ€video.com ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ vid ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:46
Actually, a quiz right after this.
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ๅฎŸใฏ ใ€ใ“ใฎ็›ดๅพŒใซใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ€‚
15:48
And other teachers and other lessons for you to learn English.
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใŸใ‚ใฎไป–ใฎๆ•™ๅธซใ‚„ไป–ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ€‚
15:52
Alright?
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ
15:53
Have a great day.
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ใ™ใฆใใชไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’ใ€‚
15:54
I will always enjoy doing this, alright?
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็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
15:56
See you later.
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ใพใŸๅพŒใงใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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