Differences between oral and written English

19,048 views ใƒป 2020-02-24

Business English with Christina


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
- Hi there, I'm your English coach Christina,
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- ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚ณใƒผใƒใฎใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒŠใงใ™ใ€‚
00:02
and welcome to Speak English with Christina,
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒŠใจ่ฉฑใ™่‹ฑ่ชžใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:05
where you'll learn American culture and business know how
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎ ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใจใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใณใ€
00:08
to become confident in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใซ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใคๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
00:10
I have a couple of questions for you.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:12
Have you ever written to put it in a nutshell,
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00:16
to sum up your conclusions in a report?
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ใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใง็ต่ซ–ใ‚’่ฆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ไธ€่จ€ใง่จ€ใˆใฐๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
00:19
Or maybe you've said something like, nevertheless,
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผ ใ‚ฏใƒผใƒฉใƒผใงใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆไธญใซใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆ”ฏๆดใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
00:23
further assistance was required during a quick chat
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00:27
at the water cooler.
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ใ€‚
00:29
It sounds a bit odd, doesn't it?
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
00:32
If either of these situations reminds you of something
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็Šถๆณใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ€
00:35
that you've done, you may have gotten a few strange looks
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€้กงๅฎขใ‚„ๅŒๅƒšใ‹ใ‚‰ ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใช็›ฎใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:40
from your customers and colleagues.
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ใ€‚
00:42
And that's because you've used spoken English
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ–‡็ซ ใง่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใฎ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’
00:46
in your writing or written English in your speech.
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ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚
00:51
Your English was correct, but it wasn't right
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฏๆญฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€
00:54
for the situation that you were using it in.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใŸ็Šถๆณใซใฏๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:57
And you'd be surprised how many people
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ
01:00
make mistakes like these.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้ฉšใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:02
In your first language, using the right type of language
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ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใงใฏใ€็Šถๆณใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ ้ฉๅˆ‡ใช็จฎ้กžใฎ่จ€่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€
01:06
for the situation speaking or writing
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่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ
01:09
comes naturally to you.
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่‡ช็„ถใซใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:11
But it's something that you have to learn
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
01:14
when you're using English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใซๅญฆใฐใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:16
And that's what you'll learn today.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅญฆใถใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:18
Let's go.
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ใ•ใ‚่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€‚
01:19
(upbeat music)
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(ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
01:26
Before we get started, I would love for you to subscribe
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ๆฏŽ้€ฑใฎใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ
01:30
to my channel so that you're sure to get
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็ขบๅฎŸใซๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
01:32
all of my weekly episodes.
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ใ€‚
01:34
This way you'll get a new episode each week
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ€ ๆฏŽ้€ฑๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใงใใ‚‹
01:37
so you can become more confident in English.
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ใฎใงใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใซ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:40
After all, regular practice is the key,
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็ตๅฑ€ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใช็ทด็ฟ’ใŒ้ตใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
01:44
and when you sign up, you'll get a new episode each week.
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ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒณใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๆฏŽ้€ฑๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใงใใพใ™.
01:49
Now, let's get into spoken and written English.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ ใจๆ›ธใ่จ€่‘‰ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใซๅ–ใ‚ŠๆŽ›ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ่‹ฑไฝœๆ–‡ใง็Šฏใ™้–“้•ใ„ใฎ
01:53
We'll look at three examples of mistakes that students make
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3 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
01:57
with their written English.
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ใ€‚
01:58
The reason for all three mistakes is thinking
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3 ใคใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ็†็”ฑใฏใ€
02:01
that you can write just like you speak.
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่ฉฑใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ›ธใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:04
And unfortunately, you can't.
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ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:07
Then we'll look at how you can avoid making these mistakes.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:11
(upbeat music)
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(ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
02:18
An idiom is an expression which means something different
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ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใฏใ€
02:21
than the normal meaning of the words in it.
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ใใฎไธญใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎ้€šๅธธใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
02:24
Maybe you know, idioms like in a nutshell,
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ไธ€่จ€ใง่จ€ใˆใฐใ€
02:27
it cost an arm and a leg, or they're a dime a dozen.
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่…•ใจ่„šใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ1ใƒ€ใƒผใ‚นใฎใƒ€ใ‚คใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:31
Idioms can be useful in conversation because they make
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ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใฏไผš่ฉฑใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใฏ
02:35
your language more colorful and interesting to listen to.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€่ชžใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ซใƒฉใƒ•ใƒซใซใ—ใ€ ่žใใฎใ‚’้ข็™ฝใใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:40
But it's unprofessional to use them
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
02:43
in formal work documents,
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02:46
including most formal style emails.
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๆญฃๅผใชใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใฎ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๆญฃๅผใชไป•ไบ‹ๆ–‡ๆ›ธใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
02:50
How can you not make this mistake?
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ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ“ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ•ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
02:54
Don't use idioms in texts at work.
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่ทๅ ดใฎใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:57
Write exactly what you mean instead
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€
03:01
and use more formal words.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆญฃๅผใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ่จ˜่ฟฐใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:03
So, to put it in a nutshell becomes to sum up to summarize
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธ€่จ€ใง่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ ่ฆ็ด„ใพใŸใฏ่ฆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ฆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
03:10
or in brief.
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ใ€‚
03:12
That cost an arm and a leg becomes
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ใใฎ่ฒป็”จใฏ่…•ใจ่„šใซใชใ‚Šใ€
03:15
that was a significant cost.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎ่ฒป็”จใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:18
And they're a dime a dozen becomes, there's a plentiful
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ 10 ใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆ็กฌ่ฒจใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ฑŠๅฏŒใช
03:23
supply of them.
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ไพ›็ตฆ้‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:24
And an added advantage of this is that your writing
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ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฎ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎๅˆฉ็‚นใฏใ€
03:27
will be much clearer, especially if you work with other
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็‰นใซ
03:33
non native speakers of English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใจใ—ใชใ„ไป–ใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใจไธ€็ท’ใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:35
(upbeat music)
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(ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
03:42
And the same goes for slang.
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ใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:43
You probably already know that slang is very informal words
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ใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹้žๅธธใซ้žๅ…ฌๅผใช่จ€่‘‰
03:48
and expressions that people use when they're speaking.
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ใ‚„่กจ็พใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ™ใงใซใ”ๅญ˜ใ˜ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
03:51
So you may hear the characters in your favorite
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ใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎ
03:53
American TV shows say something like,
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใฎ็™ปๅ ดไบบ็‰ฉใŒใ€
03:56
that the kids are all right or telling people
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ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏ ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ ใ€
04:00
that their new coffee shop is way better than the old one,
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผ ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ—ใฏ ๅคใ„ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผ ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€
04:03
or that they can't be bothered to go out tonight.
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ไปŠๅคœใฏๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้ขๅ€’ใ ใจไบบใ€…ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ .
04:08
But it doesn't mean that you should write stuff like that
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎไผš็คพใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ›ธใในใใ ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
04:11
on your company's website.
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.
04:13
And there's another one for you stuff.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไผๆฅญใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ
04:16
Don't write that on your corporate website, either.
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ใซใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
04:20
How can you not make this mistake?
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ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ“ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ•ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
04:23
Remember that the words that you hear on your favorite
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ใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎ
04:25
American TV shows or that you see in English,
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใง่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚„ใ€
04:29
social media posts aren't necessarily suitable
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ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฎๆŠ•็จฟใง
04:34
for written English at work.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€่ทๅ ดใงใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ›ธใ่จ€่‘‰ใซๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚้ฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:36
Try to be more specific and use more formal words.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:40
And these usually have at least two or three
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใƒฉใƒ†ใƒณ่ชžใพใŸใฏใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚ทใƒฃ่ชžใซ็”ฑๆฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ 2 ใคใพใŸใฏ 3 ใค
04:43
or more syllables, because they tend to come
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ใพใŸใฏใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™
04:47
from Latin or Greek.
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ใ€‚
04:50
So, for example, kids becomes children
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ๅญไพ›ใฏๅญไพ›ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚Š
04:53
or young people or youth.
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ใ€่‹ฅ่€…ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€่‹ฅ่€…ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:57
Way better than becomes far better than
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ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹
05:01
or considerably superior to.
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ใซๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:04
And stuff could become many different
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ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
05:09
but more specific things, depending on the context.
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ใ€‚
05:13
But you could simply list the specific things
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅ‚็…งใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅ˜ใซใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
05:16
that you're referring to.
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ใ€‚
05:18
For example, instead of writing, we do stuff
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ๆ›ธใไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
05:22
that helps your website perform better you could write,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใฎ ใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
05:25
we do site audits, SEO optimization and technical updates
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05:30
to help your site perform better.
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.
05:33
(upbeat music)
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(ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
05:39
In English, some grammatical structures
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆง‹้€ ใ‚‚
05:42
are also considered very informal, and using them
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้žๅธธใซ ๅฝขๅผใฐใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ่จ€่‘‰ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
05:45
in written English would sound strange to many advanced
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ๅคšใใฎไธŠ็ดš่€…ใ‚„ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใซใฏๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
05:50
and native speakers.
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ใ€‚
05:51
And a good example of this is the passive voice
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฎ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใฏใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ๆˆใ—้‚ใ’ใ‚‹
05:55
with get structure like to get things done.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใชgetๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใ™ ใ€‚
05:59
It's fine to use it when you're speaking,
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่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:01
like, let's imagine that you're giving a tour
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆœฌ็•ชใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใฎใƒ„ใ‚ขใƒผใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:05
of your production site and you might say,
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06:08
well, this is where the engines get put together.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒณใŒ็ต„ใฟ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:12
But if you're writing up a report
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅพŒใงๅทฅๅ ด่ฆ‹ๅญฆใฎใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
06:15
on that factory tour later, you need to use
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ใ€้€šๅธธใฎๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
06:18
the regular passive, instead because it's more formal.
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฝขๅผ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:23
And therefore more appropriate for that context.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ฉใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:27
Instead of writing, this is where the engines
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ๆ›ธใไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒณใŒ็ต„ใฟ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™
06:30
get put together, as you heard, you would write
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ใ€‚ ่žใ„ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
06:34
this is where the engines are put together.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒณใŒ็ต„ใฟ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:39
But in this example, we also have a second example
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€้žๅ…ฌๅผ่ชžๅฝ™ใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹
06:43
of informal vocabulary, the expression to put together.
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ใ€ ใพใจใ‚ใ‚‹่กจ็พใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใ‚’
06:48
In order to really get the right style for written English
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅพ—ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€
06:52
you need to replace put together with assemble.
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put together ใ‚’ assembly ใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:56
Again, this is more formal words.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:59
So while you may hear or say, this is where the engines
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใŒใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒณใ‚’็ต„ใฟ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ ใจ่žใ„ใŸใ‚Š่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ
07:03
are put together, you would, write, this is where
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใŒ
07:06
the engines are assembled.
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ใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒณใŒ็ต„ใฟ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ ใจๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:09
(upbeat music)
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(ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
07:15
Now, what about you tell me which of these three mistakes
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ใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 3 ใคใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฎใ†ใกใ€
07:20
have you made in your written English?
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ›ธใๆ–นใง็Šฏใ—ใŸ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:22
Don't be ashamed.
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ๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใŒใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:23
It's perfectly normal to make mistakes when you're learning.
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ๅญฆ็ฟ’ไธญใซ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ใฎใฏใพใฃใŸใๆ™ฎ้€šใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:27
And we can use our mistakes as learning opportunities.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใฎๆฉŸไผšใจใ—ใฆๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:31
So share them with us and help other members
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็งใŸใกใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใ€ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใฎ ไป–ใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘
07:34
of the community, learn from your mistakes.
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ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้Žใกใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:38
And you can then reply to someone else's comment
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ไป–ใฎไบบใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่ฟ”ไฟกใ—ใฆใ€
07:41
and tell them how they could have gotten
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07:44
the right style instead.
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ้ฉๅˆ‡ใชใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใงใใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
07:46
And it's a great way to practice and share with the world.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ทด็ฟ’ใ— ใ€ไธ–็•Œใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™.
07:51
Thank you so much for learning with Speak English
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Speak English
07:54
with Christina and I'll see you next time.
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with Christina ใงๅญฆใฐใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใพใŸๆฌกๅ›žใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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