Vocabulary of International Trade | Business English

13,819 views ใƒป 2024-04-02

Benjaminโ€™s English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, folks. Thank you for tuning in to today's
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ›ฝ้š›่ฒฟๆ˜“ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซใ”่ฆ–่ดใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™
00:02
lesson in which we are going to be looking
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00:05
at some of the vocab for international trade.
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ใ€‚
00:09
So who is this useful for? Well, perhaps you
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ชฐ ใซใจใฃใฆๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
00:13
are studying politics, economics, business, but you just want to make sure that you've
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ๆ”ฟๆฒปใ€็ตŒๆธˆใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€็”จ่ชžใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ ็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:21
got the terms correct, or maybe you are working
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€
00:26
in English in business, negotiations with
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ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใ‚„
00:30
different countries, and you just want to
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ›ฝใจใฎไบคๆธ‰ใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
00:34
check that you understand these terms as they
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็”จ่ชžใ‚’
00:38
actually are.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใฎใพใพใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:40
So to those of you who are new to my channel,
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็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’ๅˆใ‚ใฆใ”่ฆงใซใชใ‚‹ๆ–นใ€
00:43
hi. My name is Benjamin. On this channel,
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ธใƒฃใƒŸใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใงใฏใ€
00:45
I teach business English, I teach conversational
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ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ ไผš่ฉฑ
00:49
English, exam English, things to do with British
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ€่ฉฆ้จ“่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใฉใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:53
culture. So thanks for tuning in. If you find
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ใ€‚ ใ” ่ฆ–่ดใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏ
00:55
that this is a useful video for you, do make
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ใ€
00:58
sure you subscribe so that you continue to get my content. Okay, let's head straight
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ๅผ•ใ็ถšใ ็งใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใƒ„ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฟ…ใš่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ—ฉ้€Ÿๆœฌ้กŒใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
01:04
in.
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ใ€‚
01:05
So, we have two different ways of doing things
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
01:10
in terms of countries' policies towards trade.
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ๅ„ๅ›ฝใฎ ่ฒฟๆ˜“ๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏ 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:16
A country could decide to be protectionist,
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ›ฝใŒ ไฟ่ญทไธป็พฉ็š„ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
01:19
in which case they are trying to protect their
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ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ ่‡ชๅ›ฝใฎ็”ฃๆฅญใ‚’ไฟ่ญทใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹
01:23
industries. They don't want to... Loads of imports from foreign... Foreign producers,
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“... ๅค–ๅ›ฝใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๅคง้‡ใฎ่ผธๅ…ฅ...ๅค–ๅ›ฝใฎ็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใ€
01:31
they want to encourage their own production.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่‡ชๅ›ฝใฎ็”Ÿ็”ฃใ‚’ๅฅจๅŠฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:35
So, if they are going to protect, then they
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ ไฟ่ญทใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใชใ‚‰ใ€
01:38
might use tariffs, which are where imports, things coming in to the country, are taxed.
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่ผธๅ…ฅๅ“ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๅ›ฝๅ†…ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซ่ชฒ็จŽใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹้–ข็จŽใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
01:48
Thank you very much for bringing that. You
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ๆŒใฃใฆใใฆใใ‚Œใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
01:50
can pay some money if you want to bring that
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ฝๅ†…ใซๆŒใก่พผใฟใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
01:53
into the country, a tariff. So, protectionist,
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ใ€ ้–ข็จŽใจใ„ใ†ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไฟ่ญทไธป็พฉ่€…ใฏ
01:58
putting up a big wall around the country,
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ๅ›ฝไธญใซๅคงใใชๅฃใ€
02:03
an impenetrable wall. I don't want you coming
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็ช็ ดไธๅฏ่ƒฝใชๅฃใ‚’็ฏ‰ใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:07
in. Free trade is quite the opposite. The
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ๅ…ฅใฃใฆใปใ—ใใชใ„ใ€‚่‡ช็”ฑ่ฒฟๆ˜“ใฏ ใใฎ้€†ใ ใ€‚
02:11
wall comes down, we can trade to you, you can trade to us, and we can all be happy or
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ๅฃใŒๅดฉใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ใชใŸใจๅ–ๅผ•ใงใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ ็งใŸใกใจๅ–ๅผ•ใงใใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ใ€ๅนธใ›ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹
02:19
not. So, a "proponent of", yep, that prefix "pro"
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ใฉใ†ใ‹ใŒๆฑบใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใฎๆ”ฏๆŒ่€…ใ€ ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใใฎๆŽฅ้ ญ่พžใ€Œใƒ—ใƒญใ€ใฏ
02:27
means "for", a supporter of. Yeah? Pro-life,
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ใ€Œ่ณ›ๆˆใ€ใ€ๆ”ฏๆŒ่€…ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“๏ผŸ ใƒ—ใƒญใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ€
02:34
proponent. Quite the opposite of "opponent", who
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ๆๅ”ฑ่€…ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฏพๆˆฆ็›ธๆ‰‹ใ€ใจใฏๅ…จใ้€†ใงใ€
02:38
is someone you compete against. So, proponents
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็ซถไบ‰ใ™ใ‚‹็›ธๆ‰‹ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
02:42
of protectionism might be certain politicians
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ไฟ่ญทไธป็พฉใฎๆ”ฏๆŒ่€…ใฏ
02:47
in certain countries. Proponents of free trade
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็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ›ฝใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฎถใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‡ช็”ฑ่ฒฟๆ˜“ใฎๆ”ฏๆŒ่€…ใฏใ€
02:53
will be different people in different countries, obviously.
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ๅฝ“็„ถใฎใ“ใจใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ๅ›ฝใ”ใจใซ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:58
Okay, a couple of useful verbs, here. So, "to liberalize", yeah? A liberal is free.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไพฟๅˆฉใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œ่‡ช็”ฑๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใญ๏ผŸ ใƒชใƒ™ใƒฉใƒซใฏ่‡ช็”ฑใ ใ€‚
03:07
If you liberalize, then you are making freer.
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่‡ช็”ฑๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ่‡ช็”ฑใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:10
Yeah? To liberalize. Look, I've got the British
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ใ†ใ‚“๏ผŸ ่‡ช็”ฑๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎ
03:13
spelling with the "s", the American spelling
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ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใซใฏใ€Œsใ€ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซใซใฏ
03:17
would be with a "z", as they say. Liberalize.
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ใ€Œzใ€ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ่‡ช็”ฑๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
03:23
The antonym, the opposite of liberalize would
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ๅฏพ็พฉ่ชžใ€ ่‡ช็”ฑๅŒ–ใฎๅๅฏพใฏ
03:27
be "to tighten", yeah? Think of the tap. I'm
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ใ€Œๅผ•ใ็ท ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ่›‡ๅฃใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:31
opening the tap, sorry. Righten to tighten,
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่›‡ๅฃใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใพใ™ใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅณใซๅ›žใ™ใจ็ท ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€
03:35
loosen to... Lefty to loosen. So, I'm undoing
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็ทฉใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ... ๅทฆใซๅ›žใ™ใจ ็ทฉใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅค–ใ—ใพใ™
03:40
the tap, yep? I'm liberalizing it, yep? And then I tighten it up and it stops dripping,
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ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่‡ช็”ฑๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ ใ‚ˆใ€ใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œ ใง็ท ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆถฒใ ใ‚ŒใŒๆญขใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€
03:47
yep? So, the water out is the trade. Do I want
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆฐดใ‚’ๆŠœใใฎใŒ ๅ•†ๅฃฒใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ–ๅผ•ใ‚’ๅธŒๆœ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹
03:50
trade coming in? Yes or no? I can liberalize
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? ใฏใ„ใ€ ใ‚‚ใ—ใใฏใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆ๏ผŸ ๅˆถ้™ใ‚’็ทฉๅ’Œใ—ใฆๅ›ฝๅ†…ๅค–ใฎ่ฒฟๆ˜“ใ‚’ๅฎนๆ˜“ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
03:54
restrictions and make it easy for trade to happen in and out of the country, or I can
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ใ—ใ€
04:00
tighten restrictions. Restrictions are things
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ๅˆถ้™ใ‚’ๅผทๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆถ้™ใจใฏ
04:04
like tariffs, quotas. What's a quota? A quota
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ใ€้–ข็จŽใ‚„ๅ‰ฒใ‚Šๅฝ“ใฆใชใฉใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒŽใƒซใƒžใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ฏใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚ฟใจใฏ
04:09
is a limit in trading volume. So, I could be like, "Hmm, well, I love plastic ducks
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ๅ–ๅผ•้‡ใฎๅˆถ้™ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใง็งใฏใ€ ใ€Œใตใƒผใ‚“ใ€็งใฏใŠ้ขจๅ‘‚ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ่ฃฝใฎใ‚ขใƒ’ใƒซใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™
04:17
for my bath. So, Germany, you make some lovely
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ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒ„ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ด ๆ•ตใชใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ่ฃฝใฎใ‚ขใƒ’ใƒซใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
04:20
plastic ducks, but I only want 4,000 coming
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ใŒใ€็งใŒๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆฏŽๅนด 4,000ๅŒนใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:24
into the country each year. That's your quota.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒŽใƒซใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œ
04:27
No more." Okay? So, it's a limit. No more
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ไปฅไธŠใฏใ ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€้™็•Œใงใ™ใ€‚
04:30
than that plastic ducks from you, thanks, Germany. Who does that benefit? Well, I've
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ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ่ฃฝใฎใ‚ขใƒ’ใƒซไปฅไธŠใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ ใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่ชฐใฎๅˆฉ็›Šใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰
04:36
got someone up in the north of England who
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ๅŒ—้ƒจใซใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ่ฃฝใฎใ‚ขใƒ’ใƒซใ‚’ไธŠๆ‰‹ใซไฝœใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™
04:39
makes plastic ducks very well. So, if I limit
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
04:42
the plastic ducks coming in from Germany,
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ใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ่ฃฝใฎใ‚ขใƒ’ใƒซใ‚’ๅˆถ้™ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ่ฃฝใฎใ‚ขใƒ’ใƒซใ‚’็พŽใ—ใไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น
04:44
then my man in the north of England who makes
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ๅŒ—้ƒจใฎ็งใฎ็”ทๆ€งใฏ
04:47
his plastic ducks beautifully is happy. Okay.
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ๅนธใ›ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:53
"Domestic", another good word for us to look
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ใ€Œๅ›ฝ็”ฃใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ ๆณจ็›ฎใ™ในใ่‰ฏใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™
04:58
at. "Domestic" is to do with the house, yep? A
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฎถๅบญ็š„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ ๅฎถใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:02
scene of domestic bliss, or clean, or ordered,
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ๅฎถๅบญๅ†…ใงใฎ่‡ณ็ฆใฎ้ขจๆ™ฏ ใ€ๆธ…ๆฝ”ใช้ขจๆ™ฏใ€็งฉๅบใ‚ใ‚‹้ขจๆ™ฏใ€
05:07
or perfect. "Domestic", a domestic goddess is someone who thrives in looking after the
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ใพใŸใฏๅฎŒ็’งใช้ขจๆ™ฏใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒกใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ€ๅฎถๅบญใฎๅฅณ็ฅžใจใฏใ€ๅฎถใฎ ไธ–่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆ็นๆ „ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใฎใ“ใจใงใ™
05:14
house. So, in terms of international trade,
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅ›ฝ้š›่ฒฟๆ˜“ใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€
05:18
domestic producers are inside the house, i.e.
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ๅ›ฝๅ†…็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใฏ ๅ›ฝๅ†…ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
05:23
in the country. Got it? Good. There is going
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ๅ›ฝๅ†…ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
05:27
to be a quiz at the end of this lesson, so
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใฏใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็„กไบ‹ใซ
05:30
make sure you're taking copious, lots of notes
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ๅˆๆ ผใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅคง้‡ใฎใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
05:36
so you can pass with flying colors. Okay?
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:40
To pass with flying colors means with great
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่ฆ‹ไบ‹ใซๅˆๆ ผใ™ใ‚‹ใจใฏใ€ ๅคงๆˆๅŠŸใ‚’ๅŽใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
05:45
success. Right. Tariffs we've looked at. Okay,
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ใ€‚ ๅณใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒ่ชฟในใŸ้–ข็จŽใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
05:49
so we've got these kind of rules that the
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ๅ„ๅ›ฝใŒๆฑบใ‚ใŸใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
05:52
countries have decided on. Where do we actually
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฉใ“ใง
05:55
see these rules being implemented, being
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ๅฎŸๆ–ฝใ•ใ‚Œใ€
05:59
put into place? Well, on the ground, you see
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ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ ๅœฐไธŠใงใ‚‚
06:03
it in the ports, in the customs. Because if I
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ๆธฏใงใ‚‚็จŽ้–ขใงใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ ใฃใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—
06:07
have a big ship coming in, yeah, the customs
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ๅคงใใช่ˆนใŒ ๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€็จŽ้–ขใฎ
06:11
people, the people who work controlling what's
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ไบบใŸใกใ€ๅ‡บๅ…ฅใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็ฎก็†ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŸใกใฏใ€
06:14
coming in and out, they have to know, well,
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06:17
what's in this ship? Have the correct tariffs
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ใ“ใฎ่ˆนใซใฏไฝ•ใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆญฃใ—ใ„้–ข็จŽใŒ
06:22
being paid? Is there a quota? Is this stuff
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ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใƒŽใƒซใƒžใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ†ใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใฏ
06:27
allowed to come in the country? So, the customs
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ๅ›ฝๅ†…ใซๆŒใก่พผใ‚€ใ“ใจใ‚’่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็จŽ้–ข
06:30
people are very important because they collect
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่ทๅ“กใฏ้–ข็จŽใ‚’ ๅพดๅŽใ—
06:33
the tariffs and they control the flow of goods
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ใ€ ๅ•†ๅ“ใฎๅ‡บๅ…ฅใ‚Šใ‚’็ฎก็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™
06:39
in and out. Okay? So, yep, be careful of them.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใฏๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:45
Right. A free port. A free port is one where
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ๅณใ€‚ ใƒ•ใƒชใƒผใƒใƒผใƒˆใ€‚ ่‡ช็”ฑๆธฏใจใฏใ€
06:50
ships can go in and out and they don't have
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่ˆนใŒๅ‡บๅ…ฅใ‚Šใงใ ใ€
06:54
to pay any tariffs. One of the biggest ports
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้–ข็จŽใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใชใ„ๆธฏใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ–็•Œ ๆœ€ๅคงใฎๆธฏใฎ 1 ใคใŒ
06:58
in the world is Singapore, so that's a place
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ใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ฌใƒใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ“ใฏ
07:01
where a lot of trade is going to happen, or
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ๅคšใใฎ่ฒฟๆ˜“ ใŒ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ
07:04
is happening, sorry. Now, at the time I speak,
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่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใงใ€
07:07
Boris Johnson has an idea to make three free
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ใƒœใƒชใ‚นใƒปใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ‚ฝใƒณใฏ่‹ฑๅ›ฝใซ 3ใคใฎ่‡ช็”ฑๆธฏใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
07:13
ports in the UK. I think it was Aberdeen and
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒณใจ
07:18
a couple of other places up in the north. Sorry, I've forgotten where they are. The
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ๅŒ—้ƒจใฎไป–ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใ ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ้–ข็จŽใŒๆธ›ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ่ฒฟๆ˜“ใŒ
07:23
idea being that it encourages more trade because
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ไฟƒ้€ฒใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใ 
07:28
there are less tariffs. But will it work?
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ†ใพใใ„ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:32
We shall see. As I say, I'm not an economics
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ๆˆ‘ใ€…ใฏ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚ ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ็งใฏ็ตŒๆธˆๅญฆใฎ
07:35
teacher or a business studies teacher. I'm just
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ๆ•™ๅธซใงใ‚‚็ตŒๅ–ถ ๅญฆใฎๆ•™ๅธซใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
07:39
here to try and teach you this terminology. So, if you are, like, an economics graduate
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ใ“ใฎ็”จ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ตŒๆธˆๅญฆ้ƒจใฎๅ’ๆฅญ็”Ÿใง
07:46
and you spot something in this video, leave a
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ใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:49
comment, yep, because I'd love to learn as well.
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ใใ†ใ€ ็งใ‚‚ใœใฒๅญฆใณใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:52
So, share the knowledge. Right, we've got a useful verb here,
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ใใ“ใงใ€็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซใฏไพฟๅˆฉใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ€
08:00
prefix "deregulate". So, rules and regulations,
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ๆŽฅ้ ญ่พžใ€Œderegulateใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ใƒซใƒผใƒซใจ่ฆๅˆถใ€
08:03
yeah? If we're talking about regulating,
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่ฆๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
08:06
I'm talking about putting a rule into place.
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็งใฏใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:09
You must watch this video again, and again,
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ใ“ใฎ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚
08:12
and again, and share with your friends. I'm putting rules out there. But if I take away
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ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ๅ‹้”ใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใซใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’่จญใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๅ‰ฅๅฅชใ—ใŸใ‚‰
08:17
the rules, I might use this prefix to deregulate,
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ใ€ ใ“ใฎๆŽฅ้ ญ่พžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่ฆๅˆถใ‚’็ทฉๅ’Œใ—ใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’
08:22
to take away the rules. Right, "subsidize",
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ๅ‰ฅๅฅชใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ€ใ€Œ่ฃœๅŠฉ้‡‘ใ€
08:26
"dumping". If you subsidize, then the government
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ใ€Œใƒ€ใƒณใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ฃœๅŠฉ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ๆ”ฟๅบœใŒ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็”ฃๆฅญใ‚’ๅฅจๅŠฑใ™ใ‚‹
08:31
is giving money to encourage a certain industry.
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ใŸใ‚ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:38
"EU subsidies" are money the EU gives to certain areas of agriculture, for example.
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ใ€ŒEU่ฃœๅŠฉ้‡‘ใ€ใจใฏใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐ่พฒๆฅญใฎ็‰นๅฎšๅˆ†้‡ŽใซEUใŒไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใŠ้‡‘ใฎใ“ใจ ใ€‚
08:49
If you subsidize dumping, dumping is where, say
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒ€ใƒณใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใซ่ฃœๅŠฉ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใƒ€ใƒณใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใŒ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ
08:53
we have loads, and loads, and loads of apples
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ— ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€
08:57
in the UK, and the government, they're going to
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ใใ—ใฆ ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏ
09:00
help, they're going to give money to help make
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ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€
09:04
those apples cheap for the UK to sell somewhere
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ‚’ๅฎ‰ใใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฏๅˆฅใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ่ฒฉๅฃฒใ™ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ™
09:09
else. So, they're actually going to pay money
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใฎ่ผธๅ‡บๅ…ˆใฎๅ›ฝใง
09:14
for the apples to be less than the price paid
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ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไพกๆ ผใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฎ‰ใใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
09:18
in a country where they are being exported
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09:21
to. So, it's good for the country doing the
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ใƒ€ใƒณใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ›ฝใซใจใฃใฆใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ 
09:25
dumping, because they're like, normally an apple
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09:29
is two... Well, it's not two pounds, is it? Let's
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09:33
say 20p, yeah? But the government's going to help
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20ใƒšใƒณใ‚นใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ‚’ไป–ใฎๅ›ฝใง10ใƒšใƒณใ‚นใง่ฒทใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹
09:37
put money in here to make the apples available
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ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ“ใซ่ณ‡้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŠ•ๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆดๅŠฉใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ 
09:41
for 10p in another country. The consumers in
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ใ€‚ ใใฎๅ›ฝใฎๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใฏ
09:45
that country are like, "Way, putty, apples for
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ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใƒผใ„ใ€ใƒ‘ใƒ†ใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใŒ
09:48
10p, yay!" But then the farmers are like, "Hmm,
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10ใƒšใƒณใ‚นใ ใ€ใ‚„ใฃใŸใƒผ๏ผใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ่พฒๆฐ‘ใŸใกใฏใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€
09:51
apples, 10p, we can't sell apples for 10p."
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ€10ใƒšใƒณใ‚นใ€ 10ใƒšใƒณใ‚นใงใฏใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ‚’ๅฃฒใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
09:55
So, dumping is where government intervention
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ€ใƒณใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใจใฏใ€
10:00
to help cheaper exports. It's good for the country doing the exporting.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฎ‰ไพกใช่ผธๅ‡บใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆดใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆ”ฟๅบœใŒไป‹ๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ผธๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ๅ›ฝใซใจใฃใฆใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ ใ€‚
10:06
"Laissez-faire", a French term, meaning leave
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ใ€Œๆ”พไปปใ€ใจใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใง ใ€ๆ”พใฃใฆใŠใ„
10:10
alone, live and let live. Yep. So, this is referring
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ใฆใ€็”Ÿใใฆใ€ๆ”พใฃใฆใŠใ„ใฆใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
10:14
to a government sort of strategy to not get
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใŒ
10:21
very involved, to create a free market where
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š้–ขไธŽใ›ใšใ€
10:27
businesses can more or less do what they want.
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ไผๆฅญใŒๅคšใ‹ใ‚Œๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใ‚Œ ใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹่‡ช็”ฑๅธ‚ๅ ดใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šๅ‡บใ™ใจใ„ใ†ไธ€็จฎใฎๆˆฆ็•ฅใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
10:30
Yep. The market is free, it has been deregulated,
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ๅธ‚ๅ ดใฏ่‡ช็”ฑใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ฆๅˆถใŒ ็ทฉๅ’Œใ•ใ‚Œใ€
10:34
less rules, free market capitalism. Yep. So,
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒๆธ›ใ‚Šใ€่‡ช็”ฑๅธ‚ๅ ด ่ณ‡ๆœฌไธป็พฉใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธ–็•Œไธญ
10:38
most countries around the world have some
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ใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ›ฝใซใฏ ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ่ฆๅˆถใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
10:42
kind of regulations. There aren't many that have a total free market in them.
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ใ€‚ ๅฎŒๅ…จใช่‡ช็”ฑๅธ‚ๅ ดใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไผๆฅญใฏๅคšใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:52
Now, here's a nice phrase, "to comply with regulations". If you comply with,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œ่ฆๅˆถใ‚’้ตๅฎˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็ด ๆ•ตใช่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ้ตๅฎˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่ฆๅˆถใซ
11:01
then you are following the regulations. Yep.
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ๅพ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€‚
11:05
These are the rules, we are following them,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œ
11:09
we are agreeing with them. Okay. Talking... So,
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ใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใŠใ—ใ‚ƒในใ‚Šโ€ฆใใ‚Œใงใ€
11:13
just loads of... There's quite a sort of heavy,
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“โ€ฆ็”จ่ชžใŒๆบ€่ผ‰ใฎใ€ ใ‹ใชใ‚Š้‡ใใฆ
11:17
dense lesson full of terms for you, okay? I appreciate that. So, you know, just try and
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ๅฏ†ๅบฆใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใจใซใ‹ใ
11:26
write them down, try and revisit this vocabulary
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ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใฟใฆใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณๅพŒใซ ใ“ใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹็›ดใ—ใฆใฟใฆ
11:29
after the lesson, okay? Because it's going to be
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ‚’
11:32
difficult to remember all this stuff. Shall we
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่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚
11:34
have a quick recap of what we've done so far?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใฃใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?
11:37
Protectionism. Loads of rules. Free trade. No
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ไฟ่ญทไธป็พฉใ€‚ ใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒๆบ€่ผ‰ใ€‚ ่‡ช็”ฑ่ฒฟๆ˜“ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚
11:40
rules. Proponent. Supporter. Liberalise. Yeah,
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€‚ ๆๆกˆ่€…ใ€‚ ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ€‚ ่‡ช็”ฑๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€
11:44
make it free. Titan. No, don't make it free.
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็„กๆ–™ใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅทจไบบใ€‚ ใ„ใ‚„ใ€็„กๆ–™ใซใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:47
Quotas. You can send me this many plastic ducks,
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ๅ‰ฒใ‚Šๅฝ“ใฆใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ่ฃฝใฎใ‚ขใƒ’ใƒซใ‚’้€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™
11:51
but no more. Domestic. In the house or out of the house? In the house. In the country.
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใฏ้€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ›ฝๅ†…ใ€‚ ๅฎถใฎไธญใงใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ ๅฎถใฎๅค–ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฎถใฎไธญใ€‚ ็”ฐ่ˆŽใงใฏใ€‚
11:58
Tariffs. Thank you very much, you can pay
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้–ข็จŽใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ† ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ฝใซๆŒใก่พผใ‚€ใฎใซใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎ้‡‘้กใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹
11:59
me that much to bring that into the country.
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ใ€‚
12:03
Customs. Hello, what have you got in this ship?
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็จŽ้–ขใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎ่ˆนใซใฏไฝ•ใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:06
Thank you very much, that'll be ยฃ10. Thank you
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ 10ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™
12:09
very much. To the government. There we are. Freeport. Hey, come and do some business,
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ใ€‚ ๆ”ฟๅบœใธใ€‚ ใใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‡ช็”ฑ่ฒฟๆ˜“ๆธฏใ€‚ ใŠใ„ใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ็”จไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใซๆฅใ„ใ‚ˆใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใฏ
12:13
I'm not going to charge you any money. In you
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่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆ ใ€‚
12:16
come, ships. Out you go, ships. No money here.
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่ˆนใ‚ˆใ€ๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅ‡บใฆ ่กŒใ‘ใ€่ˆนใŸใกใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:18
Okay. Deregulate. Take the rules off. Subsidise. Make it easy to dump the apples.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ่ฆๅˆถ็ทฉๅ’Œใ—ใ‚ใ‚ˆใ€‚ ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๅค–ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ฃœๅŠฉ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ‚’ๆจใฆใ‚„ใ™ใใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:27
Lay safe air. Do whatever you like. I don't
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ๅฎ‰ๅ…จใช็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’้€ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฅฝใใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
12:30
care. Doesn't matter. To comply with. To follow.
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ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใ€‚ ้–ขไฟ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใซๆบ–ๆ‹ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅพ“ใ†ใ“ใจใ€‚
12:35
Right, that was a quick summary.
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ใฏใ„ใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใชใพใจใ‚ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:42
Upturn. Whee, the economy's going up. Now it's
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ๅฅฝ่ปขใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ ๆ™ฏๆฐ—ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚ ไปŠใฏ
12:47
going slowly. Upturn. Slow down. If something's
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ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฅฝ่ปขใ€‚ ๆธ›้€Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ
12:52
slowing down, nothing's really happening. Things are not going so well. Right.
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้…ใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็‰ฉไบ‹ใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅณใ€‚
12:59
A commodity. A commodity is something useful.
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ๅ•†ๅ“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ•†ๅ“ใจใฏ ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
13:04
It could be a product, it could be a service.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่ฃฝๅ“ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
13:08
So, if you talk about the commodities that a country has, it's talking about, really,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ›ฝใŒไฟๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ•†ๅ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใใฎๅ›ฝใŒ่ฒฉๅฃฒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
13:14
the things that it can sell. Export. "Ex", the
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ใ€‚ ่ผธๅ‡บใ€‚ ใ€ŒExใ€ใจใ„ใ†
13:20
prefix means "out of". "Im" means "in". So,
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ๆŽฅ้ ญ่พžใฏใ€Œ๏ฝžใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒImใ€ใฏใ€Œไธญใฎใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
13:25
my exports, I'm sending out. My imports are coming in. Right.
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็งใฎ่ผธๅ‡บๅ“ใ‚’็™บ้€ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ผธๅ…ฅๅ“ใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:34
And if you have more coming in than going out, then you have what is called a "trade
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่ผธๅ‡บใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚่ผธๅ…ฅใŒๅคšใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ€Œ่ฒฟๆ˜“
13:46
deficit". Okay? Because you're not sending
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่ตคๅญ—ใ€ใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใปใฉๅคšใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ ้€ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
13:49
that much stuff out, but lots is coming in. So,
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ใŒใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
13:54
it's like you're spending more than you're earning. Yeah? A deficit. It's like you're
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ๅŽๅ…ฅใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆ”ฏๅ‡บใฎๆ–นใŒๅคšใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“๏ผŸ ่ตคๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใ‚‹ใง
14:01
in the overdraft of trade. Now, these are some of the proponents of trade deficits.
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่ฒฟๆ˜“ๅฝ“ๅบง่ฒธ่ถŠ็Šถๆ…‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ่ฒฟๆ˜“่ตคๅญ—ใฎๆ”ฏๆŒ่€…ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:12
These kind of countries argue that, "Oh, yeah,
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ใ“ใ†ใ„ใฃใŸ็จฎ้กžใฎๅ›ฝใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ†ใใ†ใ€
14:15
yeah. We don't need to make the basic stuff
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
14:19
because we're really good at the high-level
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็ซๆ˜Ÿใซ
14:21
stuff, like sending people to Mars or something."
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ไบบใ‚’้€ใ‚Š่พผใ‚€ใชใฉใฎ้ซ˜ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎใ“ใจใฏๅพ—ๆ„ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ  ใ€ใจไธปๅผตใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:25
So, some people say trade deficits work, some people say they don't.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ฒฟๆ˜“่ตคๅญ—ใฏๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:30
A trade surplus, a surplus is when you have more
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่ฒฟๆ˜“้ป’ๅญ—ใ€ไฝ™ๅ‰ฐใจใฏใ€ๅๅˆ†ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ ใปใฉใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใฎใ“ใจใงใ™
14:33
than enough. So, a surplus, you've got a lot more
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
14:38
being sent out than you have coming in, almost like you're kind of self-sufficient.
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ๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใ‚‹้‡ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้€ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹้‡ใฎๆ–นใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅคšใใ€ ใพใ‚‹ใง่‡ช็ตฆ่‡ช่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไฝ™ๅ‰ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
14:45
So, countries that have a trade surplus are
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ่ฒฟๆ˜“้ป’ๅญ—ใฎๅ›ฝใฏ
14:49
like China and Russia. They produce a lot of
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ไธญๅ›ฝใ‚„ใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅคšใใฎๅŽŸๆๆ–™ใ‚’็”Ÿ็”ฃใ—ใ€
14:52
raw materials that are then sent around the
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ ไธ–็•Œไธญใซ้€ใ‚Šใพใ™
14:56
world. And the other thing that affects all this
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๅ›ฝ้š›่ฒฟๆ˜“ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏ
15:01
international trade is the currency, the strength of that currency in the country.
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้€š่ฒจใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ใใฎๅ›ฝใฎ้€š่ฒจใฎๅผทใ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:09
Because if you have a really strong currency,
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅผทใ„้€š่ฒจใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€
15:13
then it's not going to be that easy to export
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่ผธๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใใ†็ฐกๅ˜ใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:17
because everything's... The value of stuff is so
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ ใ‚‚ใฎใฎไพกๅ€คใŒ
15:21
strong in your country and no one else can afford
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ›ฝใงใฏ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ใ ใ€ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฒทใ†ไฝ™่ฃ•ใŒใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
15:24
it. So, currency also has a strong impact.
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้€š่ฒจใ‚‚ ๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅŠใผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:28
Okay, we've looked at lots of different terms.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็”จ่ชžใ‚’่ชฟในใฆใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šๆœ€ๅ–„ใ‚’ๅฐฝใใ—ใฆ
15:33
I've tried to explain it as best as I can. See if
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
15:37
you have understood this by taking today's quiz
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—
15:42
and see how you get on. I do teach Business
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ใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃ ใฆ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅ€‹ไบบใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใงใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใฎใง
15:45
English on an individual level, so if you do
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ใ€
15:48
want any extra help, I do tutor via Skype,
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่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ Skype ็ตŒ็”ฑใง่ฌ›ๅธซใ‚’ๅ‹™ใ‚ใ€
15:51
helping people's writing and speaking skills.
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ไบบใ€…ใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ ใจใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:55
My website is www.honeyourenglish.com. Have a look after this lesson.
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็งใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใฏ www.honeyourenglish.com ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅพŒใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ”
15:59
Thank you very much for watching, and I'll see you in the next one.
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่ฆ–่ดใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใพใŸๆฌกๅ›žใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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