BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Technology 3' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocab!

21,548 views ใƒป 2025-05-04

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
6 Minute English.
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6ๅˆ†้–“่‹ฑ่ชžใ€‚
00:02
From BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning Englishใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€‚
00:05
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚6 Minute English ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
00:09
And I'm Finn. Hello.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
00:10
Hello there, Finn. Now, what do you know about robots?
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒณใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒญใƒœใƒƒใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
00:14
Robots? Well, they talk in a funny way, like that!
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ใƒญใƒœใƒƒใƒˆ๏ผŸ ใพใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚“ใช้ขจใซ้ข็™ฝใ„่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™๏ผ
00:20
Yes. You sound quite convincing there, actually, Finn.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ๅ›ใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใญใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒณใ€‚
00:23
โ€” You like it? โ€” Yes, I do.
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- ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใ๏ผŸ - ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒญใƒœใƒƒใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ
00:24
Is there anything else you know about robots?
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ไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ ?
00:26
Well, there are, mm, there are a couple of good ones in Star Wars, aren't there?
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚บใซใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
00:30
Oh, yes. Um, R2-D2 and C-3PO.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ†ใ ใญใ€‚ ใˆใƒผใจใ€R2-D2ใจC-3POใ€‚
00:34
C-3PO talks in quite a human voice.
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C-3PO ใฏๅฎŸใซไบบ้–“ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅฃฐใง่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†
00:37
He does. But, of course, that's science fiction not real life.
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ใ ใ‚ˆใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใฏSFใฎไธ–็•Œใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ€็พๅฎŸใฎไธ–็•Œใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:41
No. But things have moved on in real life.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚ใงใ‚‚็พๅฎŸไธ–็•Œใงใฏ็‰ฉไบ‹ใฏ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:44
The use of machines to do work that people do or used to do is called 'automation'
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ไบบ้–“ใŒ ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‹ใคใฆ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸไฝœๆฅญใ‚’ๆฉŸๆขฐใง่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใจๅ‘ผใณ
00:50
and that's the subject of today's show.
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ็•ช็ต„ใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:53
Mm, but before we talk more about this,
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฉฑใ™ๅ‰ใซใ€
00:56
I'd like you, Neil, to answer today's quiz question.
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ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ•ใ‚“ใซ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒญใƒœใƒƒใƒˆใŒ
01:00
What makes a job more likely to be done by robots?
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ“ใชใ›ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚‹่ฆๅ› ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ?
01:04
Is it if a job involves a) Manipulating small objects?
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ไป•ไบ‹ใซ a) ๅฐใ•ใช็‰ฉไฝ“ใฎๆ“ไฝœใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ?
01:11
B) Working in open spaces?
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B) ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ—ใƒณใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใงไฝœๆฅญใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
01:15
Or c) Social and emotional skills?
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ c) ็คพไผš็š„ใŠใ‚ˆใณๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็š„ใชใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
01:18
Hmm. OK.
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ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:21
I'm going to guess at manipulating small objects, I think.
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ๅฐใ•ใช็‰ฉไฝ“ใ‚’ๆ“ไฝœใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:25
Interesting. OK, we'll find out if you're right or wrong later on.
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้ข็™ฝใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่€ƒใˆใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏๅพŒใงใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:30
Now, two UK academics have calculated how 'susceptible to' โ€”
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็พๅœจใ€2ไบบใฎ่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฎๅญฆ่€…ใŒใ€
01:35
that means 'likely to be affected by' โ€”
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01:38
how susceptible to automation each job is based on some key skills.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไธป่ฆใชใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎ่ทๆฅญใŒ่‡ชๅ‹•ๅŒ–ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฉใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆใ€Œๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใ‹ใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ‹ใ€ใ‚’่จˆ็ฎ—ใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:43
And these include negotiation, persuasion, caring for others, originality,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใฏใ€ไบคๆธ‰ๅŠ›ใ€่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใ€ ไป–่€…ใธใฎๆ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚Šใ€็‹ฌๅ‰ตๆ€งใ€
01:50
and 'manual dexterity' โ€” now, that means being 'good with your hands'.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œๆ‰‹ๅ…ˆใฎๅ™จ็”จใ•ใ€ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œๆ‰‹ๅ…ˆใŒๅ™จ็”จใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:54
So do you think intelligent machines could replace us?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒ†ใƒชใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใชๆฉŸๆขฐใŒ ไบบ้–“ใซๅ–ใฃใฆไปฃใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
01:57
Well, maybe you, Neil.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ๅ›ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€‚
02:00
Not me, no. I have all the key skills, you know โ€” I'm original,
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใซใฏ้‡่ฆใชใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใŒใ™ในใฆๅ‚™ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็‹ฌๅ‰ตๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
02:04
persuasive, of course, very caring and very good with my hands as well, I think.
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่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆ‰‹ๅ…ˆใŒๅ™จ็”จใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:08
Well, I'm very glad that you're safe, Finn!
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒณใ€ๅ›ใŒ็„กไบ‹ใงๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚ˆ ๏ผ
02:10
Thank you.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
02:12
However, a study from Oxford University
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ‰ๅคงๅญฆใฎ็ ”็ฉถใซใ‚ˆใ‚Œใฐใ€ไปŠๅพŒ20ๅนด้–“ใง
02:14
has suggested that 35% of existing UK jobs are being automated in the next 20 years.
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่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฎๆ—ขๅญ˜ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฎ35๏ผ…ใŒ่‡ชๅ‹•ๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจไบˆๆƒณใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ‰ๅคงๅญฆใฎ
02:22
Let's listen to Michael Osborne from Oxford University talking about this.
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ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฑใƒซใƒปใ‚ชใ‚บใƒœใƒผใƒณๆฐใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
02:28
Computers are increasingly able to learn
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฏไบบ้–“ใ ใ‘ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใฃใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅญฆ็ฟ’ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
02:31
in a way that hitherto has been the reserve of human beings.
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ใ€‚
02:35
So, in their ability to learn, computers are able to perform
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฏๅญฆ็ฟ’่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€
02:38
a much wider range of tasks than they've been able to do in the past.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅน…ๅบƒใ„ใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:43
So, as a result,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
02:44
it's not just manual labour that's coming under threat of automation.
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่‡ชๅ‹•ๅŒ–ใฎ่„…ๅจใซใ•ใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่‚‰ไฝ“ๅŠดๅƒใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:48
It's increasingly cognitive labour โ€” the labour of the mind.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ™ใพใ™่ช็ŸฅๅŠดๅƒใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ้ ญ่„ณๅŠดๅƒใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:53
Michael Osborne.
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ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฑใƒซใƒปใ‚ชใ‚บใƒœใƒผใƒณใ€‚
02:54
And 'cognitive labour' means using your 'noggin' โ€” that's 'using your head'!
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ่ช็ŸฅๅŠดๅƒใ€ใจใฏใ€Œ้ ญใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ€ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:00
So computers and machines are also using their noggins and getting smarter.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚„ๆฉŸๆขฐใ‚‚ ้ ญ่„ณใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ—ใฆ่ณขใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:06
And office workers who do repetitive jobs, such as drawing up spreadsheets,
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ใพใŸใ€ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใฎไฝœๆˆใชใฉใ€ๅๅพฉ็š„ใชไฝœๆฅญใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’
03:11
could be replaced with software.
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ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚ขใง็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
03:13
But surely jobs like being a doctor or a lawyer are safe, Neil?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅŒป่€…ใ‚„ๅผ่ญทๅฃซใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไป•ไบ‹ใฏ็ขบใ‹ใซ ๅฎ‰ๅ…จใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ๏ผŸ
03:17
Well, some white collar jobs may be less safe than you think.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใƒ›ใƒฏใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฎไธญใซใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใปใฉๅฎ‰ๅ…จใงใฏใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:22
At one city law firm, junior staff have to read through contracts,
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅธ‚ๅ†…ใฎๆณ•ๅพ‹ไบ‹ๅ‹™ๆ‰€ใงใฏใ€่‹ฅๆ‰‹ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ•ใŒ ๅฅ‘็ด„ๆ›ธใซ็›ฎใ‚’้€šใ—ใ€
03:26
assessing them for risks.
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ใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฉ•ไพกใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
03:28
But now an artificial intelligence programme can do that faster and better.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ไปŠใงใฏใ€ไบบๅทฅ็Ÿฅ่ƒฝ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้€Ÿใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใๅฎŸ่กŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:33
Aha, so 'white collar' refers to
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ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€ใ€Œใƒ›ใƒฏใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€Œๅทฅๅ ดใงใฏใชใ
03:36
'a job that you do at an office rather than a factory'.
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ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใงๅƒใไป•ไบ‹ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใญใ€‚
03:40
And 'artificial intelligence' refers to
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œไบบๅทฅ็Ÿฅ่ƒฝใ€ใจใฏใ€
03:43
'a computer's ability to copy intelligent human behaviour'.
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ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใŒ ็Ÿฅ็š„ใชไบบ้–“ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ๆจกๅ€ฃใ™ใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ€ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:47
Now let's listen to Matthew Whalley from a city law firm to find out what he thinks.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅธ‚ๅ†…ใฎๆณ•ๅพ‹ไบ‹ๅ‹™ๆ‰€ใฎใƒžใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใƒปใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใƒชใƒผๆฐใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ€ ๅฝผใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:55
What you're seeing the robot do now,
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ไปŠใ”่ฆงใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒญใƒœใƒƒใƒˆใฎๅ‹•ไฝœใฏใ€
03:56
the robot can do in three seconds what it would take a group of lawyers days to do.
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ๅผ่ญทๅฃซใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใŒไฝ•ๆ—ฅใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‘ใฆ่กŒใ†ไฝœๆฅญใ‚’ 3 ็ง’ใงๅฎŸ่กŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
04:01
And the advantage is that it can do huge volumes, incredibly reliably,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎๅˆฉ็‚นใฏใ€ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„
04:05
in unbelievable times.
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ใปใฉใฎ้€Ÿใ•ใงใ€ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉใฎไฟก้ ผๆ€งใง่†จๅคงใช้‡ใ‚’ๅ‡ฆ็†ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:07
There's a huge amount of this work to do
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ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใไป•ไบ‹ใฏ่†จๅคงใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
04:09
and lawyers have far better higher-value legal analysis to worry about.
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ๅผ่ญทๅฃซใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šไพกๅ€คใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ ๆณ•็š„ๅˆ†ๆžใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚€ในใใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
04:16
Well, he thinks that there is work for the lawyers and the computers.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๅฝผใฏๅผ่ญทๅฃซใจใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฎไป•ไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:20
In fact, it sounds like a good division of labour โ€”
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€
04:23
the computers do the boring stuff and the lawyers do the more interesting work!
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใŒ้€€ๅฑˆใชไฝœๆฅญใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ ๅผ่ญทๅฃซใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ไฝœๆฅญใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€่‰ฏใ„ๅˆ†ๆฅญใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
04:27
Yes. Well, let's keep our fingers crossed that we've got good prospects too.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใพใ‚ใ€ ็งใŸใกใซใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„่ฆ‹้€šใ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ฅˆใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:33
You know, I don't want our listeners
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ใ”ๅญ˜็ŸฅใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€็งใฏใƒชใ‚นใƒŠใƒผใŒใ™ใใซ
04:35
to start listening to robot presenters any time soon!
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ใƒญใƒœใƒƒใƒˆใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
04:39
Indeed, we need...
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็ขบใ‹ใซใ€็งใŸใกใซใฏๅฟ…่ฆใชใ“ใจ... ๅฐ†ๆฅ็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆœ›ใ‚€ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’
04:43
We talk about 'keeping our fingers crossed' when we hope
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้ก˜ใ†ใจใใ€ใ€Œๅนธ้‹ใ‚’็ฅˆใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™
04:45
that things are going to turn out in the way we want them to in the future.
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ใ€‚
04:49
That's right. So shall we hear the answer to today's quiz question?
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใงใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ?
04:53
Neil, I asked you what makes a job more likely to be done by robots?
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ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ•ใ‚“ใ€ ใƒญใƒœใƒƒใƒˆใŒไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ“ใชใ›ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚‹่ฆๅ› ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ใจๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:59
Is it if a job involves a) Manipulating small objects?
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ไป•ไบ‹ใซ a) ๅฐใ•ใช็‰ฉไฝ“ใฎๆ“ไฝœใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ?
05:04
b) Working in open spaces?
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b) ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ—ใƒณใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใงไฝœๆฅญใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
05:08
Or c) Social and emotional skills?
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ c) ็คพไผš็š„ใŠใ‚ˆใณๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็š„ใชใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
05:11
Well, I said a) Manipulating small objects,
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€็งใฏ a) ๅฐใ•ใช็‰ฉไฝ“ใ‚’ๆ“ไฝœใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„
05:15
and I'm keeping my fingers crossed that I've got the right answer.
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ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ๆญฃใ—ใ„็ญ”ใˆใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ฅˆใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:19
OK. You're keeping them crossed?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฃๅˆ‡ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:21
Yes, I am.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:22
โ€” You've got the answer right! Well, done! โ€” Yay, brilliant!
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โ€” ๆญฃ่งฃใงใ™๏ผ ใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸ๏ผ โ€” ใ‚„ใฃใŸใƒผใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„๏ผ
05:26
I'm glad my cognitive skills are still functioning.
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็งใฎ่ช็Ÿฅ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใŒ ใพใ ๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:29
โ€” Great. โ€” Now how about hearing those words again?
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- ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ โ€” ใงใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:32
OK, the words we heard today were:
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅ่žใ„ใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€
05:34
automation,
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่‡ชๅ‹•ๅŒ–ใ€ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’
05:37
susceptible to,
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ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใ€
05:40
manual dexterity,
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ๆ‰‹ๅ…ˆใฎๅ™จ็”จใ•ใ€
05:43
cognitive labour,
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่ช็ŸฅๅŠดๅƒใ€
05:45
noggin,
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้ ญ่„ณใ€
05:48
white collar,
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ใƒ›ใƒฏใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผใ€
05:49
artificial intelligence,
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ไบบๅทฅ็Ÿฅ่ƒฝใ€
05:52
and keeping your fingers crossed.
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ๅนธ้‹ใ‚’็ฅˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:57
Well, that brings us to the end of this 6 Minute English.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใง ใ“ใฎ6ๅˆ†้–“่‹ฑ่ชžใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
05:59
We hope you enjoyed the programme. Please join us again soon. Goodbye.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใœใฒใพใŸใŠ่ถŠใ—ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
06:03
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
06:04
6 Minute English.
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6ๅˆ†้–“่‹ฑ่ชžใ€‚
06:06
From BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning Englishใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€‚
06:10
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Sam.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ BBC Learning English ใฎ 6 Minute English ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ตใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:13
And I'm Neil.
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็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
06:15
In 1436 in Germany, Johannes Gutenberg, invented the printing press,
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1436 ๅนดใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒ„ใงใƒจใƒใƒใ‚นใƒปใ‚ฐใƒผใƒ†ใƒณใƒ™ใƒซใ‚ฏใŒใ€ๅŒใ˜ใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใฎใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅคšๆ•ฐใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใงใใ‚‹ๆฉŸๆขฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ๅฐๅˆทๆฉŸใ‚’็™บๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
06:21
a machine capable of making many copies of the same page of text.
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ใ€‚
06:26
Ever since, printing has been used around the world
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ใใ‚Œไปฅๆฅใ€ๅฐๅˆทใฏ ไธ–็•Œไธญใง
06:29
to produce books, newspapers and magazines.
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ๆ›ธ็ฑโ€‹โ€‹ใ€ๆ–ฐ่ž ใ€้›‘่ชŒใฎๅˆถไฝœใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:32
Printing technology has come a long way since Gutenberg's time,
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ๅฐๅˆทๆŠ€่ก“ใฏ ใ‚ฐใƒผใƒ†ใƒณใƒ™ใƒซใ‚ฏใฎๆ™‚ไปฃใ‹ใ‚‰้•ทใ„้“ใฎใ‚Šใ‚’ๆญฉใ‚“ใงใใพใ—ใŸ
06:36
but even today's most advanced laser printers
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ใŒใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๆœ€ๅ…ˆ็ซฏใฎใƒฌใƒผใ‚ถใƒผ ใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ‚‚ใ€
06:40
have only printed flat, two-dimensional objects, until now.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฏๅนณ้ขใฎ 2 ๆฌกๅ…ƒใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ—ใ‹ๅฐๅˆทใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:45
In this programme, we're discussing 3D printers โ€”
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ใ“ใฎ็•ช็ต„ใงใฏใ€
06:48
printers which can build solid, three-dimensional objects
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06:51
out of a variety of materials, including plastic, concrete and metal.
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ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒˆใ€้‡‘ๅฑžใชใฉใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆๆ–™ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ›บไฝ“ใฎไธ‰ๆฌกๅ…ƒ็‰ฉไฝ“ใ‚’้€ ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ 3D ใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:56
Now, Neil, when you say a printer that can make solid objects,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ•ใ‚“ใ€ ๅ›บไฝ“ใฎ็‰ฉไฝ“ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€
07:00
I guess you're not talking about a normal printer.
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ๆ™ฎ้€šใฎใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:03
That's right, Sam.
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ใใ†ใ ใ‚ˆใ€ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€‚
07:05
These large and complex 3D printers work in a completely different way.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅคงๅž‹ใง่ค‡้›‘ใช 3D ใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใฏใ€ ใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅ‹•ไฝœใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:10
Unlike a sculptor, who chips away at a block of stone
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็ŸณใฎๅกŠใ‚’ๅ‰Šใฃใฆ
07:13
to reveal a shape underneath, 3D printers work in the opposite way,
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ใใฎไธ‹ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฝขใ‚’ๆตฎใ‹ใณไธŠใŒใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ๅฝซๅˆปๅฎถใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใ€ 3D ใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใฏ้€†ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅ‹•ไฝœใ—ใ€ๅฑคใฎไธŠใซๆๆ–™ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง
07:18
building up physical objects by adding material layer on layer.
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็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:23
And the ability to print objects in this way
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๅฐๅˆทใ™ใ‚‹ๆฉŸ่ƒฝใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‹โ€‹โ€‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
07:26
is providing solutions to many problems, as we'll be finding out.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ•้กŒใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:30
But first I have a question for you, Neil.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใพใšใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ•ใ‚“ใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:33
Before Johannes Gutenberg invented his printing press,
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ใƒจใƒใƒใ‚นใƒปใ‚ฐใƒผใƒ†ใƒณใƒ™ใƒซใ‚ฏใŒ ๅฐๅˆทๆฉŸใ‚’็™บๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใฏใ€
07:36
copies of texts were made by block printing,
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ใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใฎใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใฏใ€ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฉฐใ‚ใŸ
07:39
using hand-carved wooden blocks pressed into ink.
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ๆ‰‹ๅฝซใ‚Šใฎๆœจ็‰ˆใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๆœจ็‰ˆๅฐๅˆทใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
07:43
So, what was the oldest known text to be printed this way?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฐๅˆทใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅคใ„ๆ—ข็Ÿฅใฎใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ?
07:47
Was it a) A religious teaching? b) A cooking recipe?
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ใใ‚Œใฏ a) ๅฎ—ๆ•™็š„ใชๆ•™ใˆใงใ—ใŸใ‹? b) ๆ–™็†ใฎใƒฌใ‚ทใƒ”ใงใ™ใ‹?
07:51
Or c) A love letter?
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚c)ใƒฉใƒ–ใƒฌใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
07:53
I think it might have been a recipe.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒฌใ‚ทใƒ”ใ ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:55
OK, Neil. I'll reveal the answer later in the programme.
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OKใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€‚ ็ญ”ใˆใฏ ็•ช็ต„ๅ†…ใงๅพŒใปใฉ็™บ่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:58
The idea of printing solid objects is not new,
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ๅ›บไฝ“ใฎ็‰ฉไฝ“ใ‚’ๅฐๅˆทใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ข่‡ชไฝ“ใฏ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใŒใ€ใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผไผๆฅญใŒใใฎๅฎŸ็พๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใฎใฏใ€
08:01
but it was only after the millennium
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2000 ๅนดไปฅ้™ใซใชใฃใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹
08:03
that tech companies began to realise how it could be done.
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ใ€‚ ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณๅคงๅญฆใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒปใ‚ซใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ธใฎๆๆ–™็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…
08:07
Here's Professor Mark Miodownik,
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ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใƒปใƒŸใ‚ชใƒ‰ใƒ‹ใ‚ฏๆ•™ๆŽˆใŒใ€
08:09
a material scientist at University College, London,
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08:12
explaining more to BBC World Service programme People Fixing The World.
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BBCใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใฎ็•ช็ต„ใ€ŒPeople Fixing The Worldใ€ใง่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:17
As the millennium turned, patents expired
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2000 ๅนดไปฃใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใ€็‰น่จฑใŒๆœŸ้™ๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใจใชใ‚Š
08:20
and that meant people started making really cheap 3D printers.
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ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ ้žๅธธใซๅฎ‰ไพกใช 3D ใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:23
And people started mucking about with them
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ใใ—ใฆไบบใ€…ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ„ใ˜ใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใฆ
08:25
and going, "Hold on a minute! It's not just an industrial tool.
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ใ€ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆ! ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹็”ฃๆฅญ็”จใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ€‚
08:28
"You can put them in schools, you can put them in universities.
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ๅญฆๆ กใซใ‚‚ ๅคงๅญฆใซใ‚‚็ฝฎใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:31
"Oh, it's actually really great for prototyping".
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฎŸใฏใƒ—ใƒญใƒˆใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใซใ™ใ”ใใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใ€ใ€‚
08:34
And then people got excited about it and it became the answer to everything.
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ใใ—ใฆไบบใ€…ใฏใใ‚Œใซ่ˆˆๅฅฎใ— ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ™ในใฆใฎ็ญ”ใˆใซใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
08:37
Everything was going to be 3D-printed!
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ใ™ในใฆใŒ 3D ใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใƒˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ—ใŸ!
08:39
After the year 2000, 3D printers suddenly got much cheaper
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2000 ๅนดไปฅ้™ใ€3D ใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใฏ ็ช็„ถๅคงๅน…ใซๅฎ‰ไพกใซใชใ‚Š
08:43
and tech companies started 'mucking about' with them โ€”
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ใ€ใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผไผๆฅญใฏ 3D ใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผ ใงใ€Œ้Šใ‚“ใงใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œ
08:46
'spending time playing with them in a fun way'.
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ๆฅฝใ—ใ้Šใ‚“ใงใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:49
They realised that 3D printers had many uses.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ3Dใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใซใฏ ๅคšใใฎ็”จ้€”ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:53
For example, they discovered that 3D printers
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ 3D ใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใŒ
08:55
were great at making 'prototypes' โ€”
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ใ€Œใƒ—ใƒญใƒˆใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œ
08:58
'models of a product that can be tested, improved
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ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใฆๆ”น่‰ฏใ—ใ€
09:01
'and used to develop better products'.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„่ฃฝๅ“ใ‚’้–‹็™บใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹่ฃฝๅ“ใฎใƒขใƒ‡ใƒซใ€ใฎไฝœๆˆใซๆœ€้ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็™บ่ฆ‹ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:03
Professor Miodownik thinks these tech companies were surprised
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ใƒŸใ‚ชใƒ‰ใƒ‹ใ‚ฏๆ•™ๆŽˆใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผไผๆฅญใฏ
09:06
at how useful 3D printing was.
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3Dใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใฎๆœ‰็”จๆ€งใซ้ฉšใ„ใŸใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:09
He uses the phrase 'Hold on a minute!' to express this surprise or disbelief.
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ๅฝผใฏใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆ๏ผใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ้ฉšใใ‚„ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:15
In fact, in turned out that 3D printers
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€3D ใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใฏ
09:17
were excellent at making 'bespoke' things โ€”
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ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใƒกใ‚คใƒ‰ใ€ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œ็‰นๅฎšใฎไบบใฎใŸใ‚ใซ
09:20
'objects which are made specially for a particular person'.
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็‰นๅˆฅใซไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ็‰ฉใ€ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใฎใซ้žๅธธใซๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅˆคๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
09:24
One area which 3D printing dramatically improved was medical 'prosthetics' โ€”
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3D ใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅЇ็š„ใซ ๆ”นๅ–„ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅˆ†้‡Žใฎไธ€ใคใฏใ€ๅŒป็™‚็”จใฎใ€Œ็พฉ่‚ขใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ่…•ใ‚„่„šใ€่ถณใชใฉใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸ
09:29
'artificial body parts' made specially for someone
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ไบบใฎใŸใ‚ใซ็‰นๅˆฅใซไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€Œไบบๅทฅใฎ่บซไฝ“้ƒจๅˆ†ใ€ใงใ™
09:32
who has lost an arm, a leg or a foot, for example.
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ใ€‚
09:36
In 2021, Stephen Verze, who lost an eye in a childhood accident,
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2021ๅนดใ€ ๅนผๅฐ‘ๆœŸใฎไบ‹ๆ•…ใง็‰‡็›ฎใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใƒณใƒปใƒดใ‚กใƒผใ‚ผใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ€3Dใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใƒˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ็พฉ็œผใ‚’
09:41
became the first person to be fitted with a 3D-printed prosthetic eye.
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่ฃ…็€ใ—ใŸๆœ€ๅˆใฎไบบ็‰ฉใจใชใฃใŸ ใ€‚
09:46
It's prosthetic, so the new eye doesn't restore Stephen's sight,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พฉ็œผใชใฎใงใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็›ฎใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใƒณใฎ่ฆ–ๅŠ›ใŒๅ›žๅพฉใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„
09:50
but it has boosted his confidence.
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ใŒใ€ๅฝผใฎ่‡ชไฟกใฏๅข—ใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:53
Surgeon Mandeep Sagoo led the team
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ๅค–็ง‘ๅŒปใฎใƒžใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ—ใƒปใ‚ตใ‚ฐใƒผๆฐใŒใ€
09:56
at Moorfields Hospital that operated on Stephen's eye.
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใƒณใฎ็›ฎใฎๆ‰‹่ก“ใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸใƒ ใƒผใ‚ขใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒซใƒ‰็—…้™ขใฎใƒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’็އใ„ใŸใ€‚
10:00
Here he is explaining more to BBC World Service's People Fixing The World.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅฝผใฏใ€BBCใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใฎใ€ŒPeople Fixing The Worldใ€ใซ่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:05
In many countries, particularly in the developed world,
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ๅคšใใฎๅ›ฝใ€ ็‰นใซๅ…ˆ้€ฒๅ›ฝใงใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๆ–นใฎ็›ฎใจไธ€่‡ดใ™ใ‚‹็พฉ็œผใ‚’
10:07
there are facilities for custom-making a prosthetic eye to match the other eye,
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็‰นๆณจใง่ฃฝไฝœใ™ใ‚‹่จญๅ‚™ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
10:12
and that's an artisan process which is very time-consuming
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ้žๅธธใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใ€็œผ็ง‘ๅŒปใฎๅดใซ
10:17
and requires real artistry on the part of the ocularist.
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็œŸใฎ่Šธ่ก“็š„ๆŠ€่ƒฝใŒๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹่ทไบบ็š„ใชใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใงใ™ ใ€‚
10:20
The ocularist is the person who fits the prosthetic eye.
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็œผ็ง‘ๅŒปใฏ ็พฉ็œผใ‚’่ฃ…็€ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
10:23
And so what we have been developing is a technique to automate the whole process.
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ใใ“ใง็งใŸใกใŒ้–‹็™บใ—ใฆใใŸใฎใฏใ€ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’่‡ชๅ‹•ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๆŠ€่ก“ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:29
Even before 3D printers, prosthetic eyes were 'custom-made',
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3Dใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใŒ็™ปๅ ดใ™ใ‚‹ไปฅๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็พฉ็œผใฏ ใ€Œใ‚ซใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒ ใƒกใ‚คใƒ‰ใ€ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
10:34
a word similar to 'bespoke',
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ใ€Œใƒ“ใ‚นใƒใƒผใ‚ฏใ€ใซไผผใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ€ใ€Œ็‰นๅฎšใฎไบบใฎ่ฆๆœ›
10:36
which means 'specially made according to a particular person's requirements'.
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ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ็‰นๅˆฅใซไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ ใ€‚
10:41
But the traditional way of making artificial eyes by hand
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไผ็ตฑ็š„ใช ๆ‰‹ไฝœๆฅญใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹็พฉ็œผใฎ่ฃฝไฝœๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ
10:45
is very 'time-consuming' โ€” 'it takes a lot of time to do'.
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้žๅธธใซใ€Œๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใ€ใ€ ๅคšใใฎๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:48
Nowadays, 3D printing can complete the whole process in just 30 minutes.
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็พๅœจใงใฏใ€3D ใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใƒˆใงใฏ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ใ‚ใšใ‹ 30 ๅˆ†ใงๅฎŒไบ†ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:53
It's great to see technology helping people,
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ใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผใŒ ไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ—ใ€ใƒจใƒใƒใ‚นใƒปใ‚ฐใƒผใƒ†ใƒณใƒ™ใƒซใ‚ฏใฎๆ™‚ไปฃใ‹ใ‚‰ 3D ใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช
10:56
and amazing how far new inventions like 3D printers have come
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็™บๆ˜ŽใŒใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘้€ฒๆญฉใ—ใŸใ‹ใฏ้ฉšใในใใ“ใจใงใ™
11:00
since the days of Johannes Gutenberg.
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ใ€‚
11:02
Speaking of which, Neil, it's time to reveal the answer to my question.
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ใใ†ใ„ใˆใฐใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€ใใ‚ใใ‚ ็งใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‹ใ™ในใๆ™‚ใŒๆฅใŸใ€‚
11:07
Right. You asked me about the earliest known text
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ๅณใ€‚
11:10
to have been printed using wooden blocks, and I guessed it was a cooking recipe.
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ๆœจใฎ็‰ˆๆœจใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๅฐๅˆทใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅคใ„ๆ—ข็Ÿฅใฎใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๆ–™็†ใฎใƒฌใ‚ทใƒ”ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:15
So, was I right?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏๆญฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:16
You were wrong, I'm afraid, Neil!
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ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ๏ผ
11:19
The oldest known wooden block print was actually a religious text โ€”
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅคใ„ๆœจ็‰ˆ็”ปใจใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ ๅฎŸใฏๅฎ—ๆ•™็š„ใชใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
11:23
the Buddha's Diamond Sutra.
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ไป้™€ใฎใ€Ž้‡‘ๅ‰›่ˆฌ่‹ฅ็ตŒใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:25
OK, let's recap the vocabulary from this programme, starting with 'mucking about',
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็•ช็ต„ใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใพใšใฏ ใ€Œmucking aboutใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
11:31
an informal way to say 'playing with something carelessly,
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ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไธๆณจๆ„ใซใ€
11:34
'not for a serious reason'.
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ๆทฑๅˆปใช็†็”ฑใชใ้Šใถใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใใ ใ‘ใŸ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
11:36
A 'prototype' is 'a model of a product
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ใ€Œใƒ—ใƒญใƒˆใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ€Œ
11:38
'that can be tested, improved and used to develop a better product'.
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ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ€ๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„่ฃฝๅ“ใ‚’้–‹็™บใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹่ฃฝๅ“ใฎใƒขใƒ‡ใƒซใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:42
The phrase 'hold on a minute!' can be used to express surprise or disbelief.
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ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆ๏ผใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บ ้ฉšใใ‚„ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
11:47
'Prosthetics' refer to 'artificial body parts'
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ใ€Œ็พฉ่‚ขใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅคฑใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸ่‡ช็„ถใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€่…•ใ€่„šใ€่ถณใ€็›ฎใชใฉใฎ ใ€Œไบบๅทฅใฎ่บซไฝ“้ƒจๅˆ†ใ€ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™
11:49
such as arms, legs, feet or eyes,
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11:52
which are used to replace a missing natural part.
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ใ€‚
11:55
The words 'bespoke' and 'custom-made'
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ใ€Œใƒ“ใ‚นใƒใƒผใ‚ฏใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œใ‚ซใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒ ใƒกใ‚คใƒ‰ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ใ€Œ็‰นๅฎšใฎไบบใฎใŸใ‚ใซ
11:58
describe 'something specially made for a particular person'.
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็‰นๅˆฅใซไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
12:01
And finally, if something is 'time-consuming',
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ ใ€Œๆ™‚้–“ใฎใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใ€
12:04
it 'takes a lot of time to do'.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ŒๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅคšใใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:07
โ€” Goodbye for now! โ€” Goodbye.
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โ€” ใงใฏใพใŸ๏ผ - ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
12:09
6 Minute English.
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6ๅˆ†้–“่‹ฑ่ชžใ€‚
12:11
From BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning Englishใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€‚
12:14
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ BBC Learning English ใฎ 6 Minute English ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
12:18
And I'm Beth.
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็งใฏใƒ™ใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
12:19
As the world switches from fossil fuels to renewable sources of energy,
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ไธ–็•ŒใŒๅŒ–็Ÿณ็‡ƒๆ–™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ๅ†็”Ÿๅฏ่ƒฝใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผๆบใธใจ็งป่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใซใคใ‚Œใ€
12:24
solar panels are appearing in more and more places, and with good reason.
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ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใƒ‘ใƒใƒซใŒใพใ™ใพใ™ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ่จญ็ฝฎใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใใ‚Œใซใฏๅๅˆ†ใช็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:29
Yes. Today, the world is generating ten times more solar electricity
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ็พๅœจใ€ไธ–็•Œใงใฏ10ๅนดๅ‰ใซๆฏ”ในใฆ10 ๅ€ใ‚‚ใฎๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰็™บ้›ปใŒ่กŒใ‚ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Š
12:33
than a decade ago, and what's more, solar is the only energy source
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ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใฏ
12:37
on track to meet the UN's 2050 net zero targets.
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ๅ›ฝ้€ฃใฎ2050ๅนดใƒใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ผใƒญ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’้”ๆˆใงใใ‚‹ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผๆบใงใ™ใ€‚
12:42
But there's a problem โ€” space.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใจใ„ใ†ๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:45
As the rooftops in our cities and towns get filled up with solar panels,
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้ƒฝๅธ‚ใ‚„็”บใฎๅฑ‹ๆ นใŒ ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใƒ‘ใƒใƒซใงๅŸ‹ใ‚ๅฐฝใใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใซใคใ‚Œใ€
12:49
finding space for them becomes difficult.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จญ็ฝฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้›ฃใ—ใใชใฃใฆใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:52
In this programme, we'll be exploring two surprising solar projects
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ใ“ใฎ็•ช็ต„ใงใฏใ€
12:57
to build PV panels in all kinds of weird and wonderful places.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใง็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ PV ใƒ‘ใƒใƒซใ‚’ๅปบ่จญใ™ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎ้ฉšใในใๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰็™บ้›ปใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
13:02
And, as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary too.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚‚ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
13:06
Great! But first I have a question for you, Beth.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„๏ผ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใพใšใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€ใƒ™ใ‚นใ€‚
13:09
Harnessing the power of the sun is not new.
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ๅคช้™ฝใฎๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:12
In fact, solar power dates back over 2,700 years.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰็™บ้›ปใฎ ๆญดๅฒใฏ 2,700 ๅนดไปฅไธŠๅ‰ใซ้กใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:18
In 213 BC, mirrors were used
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็ด€ๅ…ƒๅ‰213ๅนดใ€
13:21
to reflect sunlight back onto Roman ships attacking the city of Syracuse,
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ใ‚ทใƒฉใ‚ฏใ‚ตใฎ่ก—ใ‚’ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใƒญใƒผใƒžใฎ่ˆนใซ้กใŒๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใ‚’ๅๅฐ„ใ•ใ›ใ€
13:26
causing them to catch fire.
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่ˆนใซ็ซใ‚’ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ไปถใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:28
But which Ancient Greek philosopher was responsible for this solar heat ray?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใฎๅคช้™ฝ็†ฑ็ทšใ‚’่€ƒๆกˆใ—ใŸใฎใฏๅคไปฃใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚ทใƒฃใฎใฉใฎๅ“ฒๅญฆ่€…ใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
13:34
Was it a) Archimedes? b) Socrates? Or c) Pythagoras?
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a) ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚นใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ b) ใ‚ฝใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ†ใ‚น? ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚c) ใƒ”ใ‚ฟใ‚ดใƒฉใ‚น?
13:39
I think it was Pythagoras.
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ใƒ”ใ‚ฟใ‚ดใƒฉใ‚นใ ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:41
OK, Beth. I'll reveal the answer later in the programme.
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OKใ€ใƒ™ใ‚นใ€‚ ็ญ”ใˆใฏ ็•ช็ต„ๅ†…ใงๅพŒใปใฉ็™บ่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:45
Our first surprising solar project takes place
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็งใŸใกใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ฉšใในใๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰็™บ้›ปใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏใ€
13:48
in one of the world's biggest car parks, owned by US supermarket giant, Walmart.
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็ฑณๅ›ฝใฎใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆๅคงๆ‰‹ใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใŒๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ไธ–็•Œๆœ€ๅคง็ดšใฎ้ง่ปŠๅ ดใง่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
13:54
Joshua Pearce, a researcher at Western University in Ontario, Canada,
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ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใฎใ‚ชใƒณใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ชๅทžใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ฆใ‚จใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒณๅคงๅญฆใฎ็ ”็ฉถ่€…ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ขใƒปใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒผใ‚นๆฐใฏใ€
13:59
wants Walmart to introduce solar canopies in all their car parks.
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใŒๅ…จ้ง่ปŠๅ ดใซใ‚ฝใƒผใƒฉใƒผใ‚ญใƒฃใƒŽใƒ”ใƒผใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€‚
14:03
A 'canopy' is 'a cover fixed over something
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ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒฃใƒŽใƒ”ใƒผใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ€Œไฟ่ญทใ‚„่ฃ…้ฃพใฎใŸใ‚ใซ ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎไธŠใซๅ›บๅฎšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ€ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™
14:07
'to provide shelter or decoration'.
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ใ€‚
14:09
Joshua's canopies protect customers' cars from the sun and rain,
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ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ขใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒŽใƒ”ใƒผใฏ้กงๅฎขใฎ่ปŠใ‚’ ๅคช้™ฝใ‚„้›จใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฎˆใ‚Šใ€ใใฎ
14:14
while the solar panels fixed on top generate electricity.
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ไธŠใซๅ›บๅฎšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ฝใƒผใƒฉใƒผใƒ‘ใƒใƒซใŒ ้›ปๆฐ—ใ‚’็”Ÿๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:18
This electricity can be used by the supermarket,
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ใ“ใฎ้›ปๆฐ—ใฏ ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
14:21
or given to customers to charge their electric car for free.
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้กงๅฎขใซ ้›ปๆฐ—่‡ชๅ‹•่ปŠใ‚’็„กๆ–™ใงๅ……้›ปใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:25
Here's Myra Anubi, presenter of BBC World Service programme
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BBCใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚น็•ช็ต„ใ€Œ
14:30
People Fixing The World, discussing Joshua's idea.
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People Fixing The Worldใ€ใฎๅธไผš่€…ใ€ใƒžใ‚คใƒฉใƒปใ‚ขใƒŒใƒ“ใŒ ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ขใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชžใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:33
Of course, if Walmart or an equivalent retailer were to do this,
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆ ใ‚„ๅŒ็ญ‰ใฎๅฐๅฃฒๆฅญ่€…ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€
14:37
they wouldn't just be paying off their investment in green electricity,
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ใ‚ฐใƒชใƒผใƒณ้›ปๅŠ›ใธใฎๆŠ•่ณ‡ใ‚’ๅ›žๅŽใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€็ฑณๅ›ฝๅ…จๅœŸใซ
14:41
they would be adding hundreds of thousands of electric charging points across the US
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ๆ•ฐๅไธ‡ ใฎๅ……้›ปใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใŒ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ•ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒใƒผใซใจใฃใฆ
14:46
which would make switching to electric vehicles
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้›ปๆฐ—่‡ชๅ‹•่ปŠใธใฎๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใŒ
14:48
more enticing for American drivers.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใซใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
14:51
So we're starting to see more and more of these occur.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไบ‹ไพ‹ใŒใพใ™ใพใ™ๅคšใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใฆใใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
14:54
I think, in the very near future, we're gonna see an enormous increase.
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่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใ€ ๅคงๅน…ใชๅข—ๅŠ ใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:57
Solar canopies provide free charging points,
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ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒฉใƒผใ‚ญใƒฃใƒŽใƒ”ใƒผใฏ ็„กๆ–™ใฎๅ……้›ปใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใ€
15:00
making electric cars a cheaper, more enticing option for American drivers.
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒใƒผใซใจใฃใฆ้›ปๆฐ—่‡ชๅ‹•่ปŠใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฎ‰ไพกใง้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใช้ธๆŠž่‚ขใจใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
15:06
If something is 'enticing',
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ€Œ้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
15:07
it's 'attractive because it offers advantages or pleasures'.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅˆฉ็‚นใ‚„ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใง้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:12
Joshua hopes we'll see more solar canopies in the 'near future' โ€”
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ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ขๆฐใฏใ€ใ€Œ่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œ่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใ€ใซใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎใ‚ฝใƒผใƒฉใƒผใ‚ญใƒฃใƒŽใƒ”ใƒผใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
15:15
'at some time very soon'.
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ใ€‚
15:17
Our second surprising solar project is, quite literally, out of this world!
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็งใŸใกใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ฉšใในใๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰็™บ้›ปใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏ ใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎไธ–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจใฏๆ€ใˆใชใ„ใปใฉ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
15:22
Martin Soltau is founder of Space Solar,
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ใƒžใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใƒปใ‚ฝใƒซใ‚ฟใ‚ฆๆฐใฏใ€22,000ใƒžใ‚คใƒซ้›ขใ‚ŒใŸๅฎ‡ๅฎ™็ฉบ้–“ใซ
15:26
a company planning to build solar panels 22,000 miles away, in outer space.
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ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒฉใƒผใƒ‘ใƒใƒซใ‚’ๅปบ่จญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จˆ็”ปใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไผๆฅญใ€ใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใƒปใ‚ฝใƒผใƒฉใƒผใฎๅ‰ต่จญ่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:32
With no night or changing seasons, it's believed that solar panels in space
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ๅคœใ‚‚ๅญฃ็ฏ€ใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ ๅฎ‡ๅฎ™ใฎใ‚ฝใƒผใƒฉใƒผใƒ‘ใƒใƒซใฏๅœฐ็ƒใฎ
15:36
would generate 13 times as much electricity as on Earth.
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13ๅ€ใฎ้›ปๅŠ›ใ‚’็”Ÿๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
15:41
Martin's plans sound like science fiction, and haven't been tried out, yet.
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ใƒžใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใฎ่จˆ็”ปใฏSFใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ€ ใพใ ่ฉฆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:47
But the idea of solar power from space has existed since the 1960s,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฎ‡ๅฎ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰็™บ้›ปใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฏ 1960ๅนดไปฃใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใฆใ„ใŸ
15:52
as Martin explains to BBC World Service programme People Fixing The World.
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ใจใƒžใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณๆฐใฏBBCใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใฎ็•ช็ต„ใ€ŒPeople Fixing The Worldใ€ใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€‚
15:57
And then in really the late '60s, the American scientist Peter Glazier
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ใใ—ใฆใ€60ๅนดไปฃๅพŒๅŠใซใ€ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎ็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใƒปใ‚ฐใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใŒ
16:02
designed first practical, technically practical, system
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅฎŸ็”จ็š„ใ‹ใค ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซๅฎŸ็”จ็š„ใชใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’่จญ่จˆใ—ใ€
16:07
and after that NASA studied it on and off right through the decades,
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ใใฎๅพŒNASAใŒๆ•ฐ ๅๅนดใซใ‚ใŸใฃใฆๆ–ญ็ถš็š„ใซ็ ”็ฉถใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
16:11
and so it's really only in the last six or seven years
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16:15
that it's actually now become economically feasible.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ใซๅฎŸ็พๅฏ่ƒฝใซใชใฃใŸใฎใฏใ“ใ“6ใ€7ๅนดใฎใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
16:18
So the whole cost of getting things into space has tumbled by over 90%.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฎ‡ๅฎ™ใซ็‰ฉใ‚’้€ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็ทใ‚ณใ‚นใƒˆใฏ 90% ไปฅไธŠใ‚‚ไธ‹ใŒใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
16:24
NASA has studied the idea of putting solar panels in space 'on and off',
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NASAใฏ1960ๅนดไปฃใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ๅฎ‡ๅฎ™ใซๅคช้™ฝ้›ปๆฑ ใƒ‘ใƒใƒซใ‚’ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณ๏ผใ‚ชใƒ•ใ€๏ผˆ
16:29
meaning 'occasionally', or 'from time to time', since the 1960s.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œใจใใฉใใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€๏ผ‰่จญ็ฝฎใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ—ใฆใใŸใ€‚
16:33
Recently, the costs of travelling to space have 'tumbled' โ€”
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ๅฎ‡ๅฎ™ๆ—…่กŒใฎใ‚ณใ‚นใƒˆใŒ ใ€Œ
16:37
'decreased quickly and in a short time',
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ๆ€ฅๆฟ€ใซ ็ŸญๆœŸ้–“ใงๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ€ใ—ใ€
16:39
making Martin's idea for space solar panels economically feasible.
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ใƒžใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณๆฐใฎๅฎ‡ๅฎ™็”จ ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒฉใƒผใƒ‘ใƒใƒซใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒ็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ใซๅฎŸ็พๅฏ่ƒฝใซใชใฃใŸใ€‚
16:45
If a business plan is 'economically feasible',
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ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น่จˆ็”ปใŒ ใ€Œ็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ใซๅฎŸ่กŒๅฏ่ƒฝใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
16:47
'the economic advantages achieved are greater than the economic costs'.
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ใ€Œ้”ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ๅˆฉ็‚นใฏ ็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ใ‚ณใ‚นใƒˆใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคงใใ„ใ€ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:52
It seems that a good idea is a good idea,
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16:55
whether it's thousands of years ago or in the near future.
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ไฝ•ๅƒๅนดๅ‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚ใ† ใจใ€่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใจใ€่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:58
With that, it's time to reveal the answer to my question.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ็งใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใŒๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:02
Yes. You asked me which famous Ancient Greek philosopher
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ็ด€ๅ…ƒๅ‰ 213 ๅนดใซ
17:06
used the power of the sun to destroy enemy Roman ships in 213 BC.
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ๅคช้™ฝใฎๅŠ›ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ ใƒญใƒผใƒžใฎๆ•ต่ˆนใ‚’็ ดๅฃŠใ—ใŸๆœ‰ๅใชๅคไปฃใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚ทใƒฃใฎๅ“ฒๅญฆ่€…ใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใจ่ณชๅ•ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:11
I said it was Pythagoras.
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ใƒ”ใ‚ฟใ‚ดใƒฉใ‚นใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:14
Which was, I'm afraid to say, the wrong answer, Beth.
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ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ้–“้•ใฃใŸ็ญ”ใˆใงใ—ใŸใ€ใƒ™ใ‚นใ€‚
17:17
It was actually Archimedes who used parabolic mirrors
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ‚ทใƒฉใ‚ฏใ‚ตใงๆ•ตใฎๆœจ้€ ่ˆนใ‚’ ๆ”พ็‰ฉ้ข้กใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ
17:21
to burn the enemy's wooden ships at Syracuse โ€”
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็‡ƒใ‚„ใ—ใŸใฎใฏใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚นใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
17:24
a trick which schoolchildren still do today,
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17:27
using a magnifying glass and sunbeams to make fire.
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่™ซ็œผ้ก ใจๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰็ทšใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ็ซใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใ€ไปŠใงใ‚‚ๅฐๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
17:31
Right, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned from this programme,
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ็•ช็ต„ใงๅญฆใ‚“ใ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใพใšใฏ
17:34
starting with 'canopy' โ€”
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ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒฃใƒŽใƒ”ใƒผใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒฃใƒŽใƒ”ใƒผใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ€Œ
17:36
'a cover that's fixed over an object to shelter or decorate it'.
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็‰ฉไฝ“ใ‚’ไฟ่ญทใ—ใŸใ‚Š่ฃ…้ฃพใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€็‰ฉไฝ“ใฎไธŠใซๅ›บๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ซใƒใƒผ ใ€ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
17:41
The adjective 'enticing'
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€Œenticingใ€ใฏใ€ใ€Œ
17:43
means 'attractive because of the advantages or benefits it offers'.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฉ็‚นใ‚„ๅˆฉ็›ŠใฎใŸใ‚ใซ้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
17:47
'In the near future' means 'very soon'.
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ใ€Œ่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใ€ใฏใ€Œ้žๅธธใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ใ†ใกใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
17:49
The phrase 'on and off' means 'occasionally', or 'from time to time'.
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ใ€Œon and offใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏใ€ ใ€Œๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:53
If the cost or price of something has 'tumbled',
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใ‚ณใ‚นใƒˆใ‚„ไพกๆ ผใŒ ใ€Œๆšด่ฝใ€ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
17:56
it's 'decreased quickly in a short time'.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ็ŸญๆœŸ้–“ใงๆ€ฅๆฟ€ใซๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ€ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:00
And finally, if a business plan is 'economically feasible',
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒณใŒ ใ€Œ็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ใซๅฎŸ่กŒๅฏ่ƒฝใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
18:04
'the economic advantages achieved will be greater than the economic costs'.
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ใ€Œ้”ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ๅˆฉ็‚นใฏ ็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ใ‚ณใ‚นใƒˆใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคงใใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
18:08
Once again, our six minutes are up.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€6ๅˆ†ใŒ็ตŒ้Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:10
โ€” Goodbye for now! โ€” Bye.
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โ€” ใงใฏใพใŸ๏ผ - ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
18:13
6 Minute English.
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6ๅˆ†้–“่‹ฑ่ชžใ€‚
18:15
From BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning Englishใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€‚
18:18
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English โ€”
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚6 Minute English ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
18:20
the programme where we bring you an interesting topic
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ใ“ใฎ็•ช็ต„ใงใฏใ€ ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏ
18:23
and six items of vocabulary.
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ใจ 6 ใคใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ใ”็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:25
โ€” I'm Neil. โ€” And I'm Catherine.
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โ€” ็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ โ€” ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ตใƒชใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
18:27
Now, this programme is six minutes long.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็•ช็ต„ใฏ6ๅˆ†้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:29
Yes. It's 6 Minute English!
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ 6ๅˆ†่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ™๏ผ
18:32
And we have a challenge for everyone โ€” can you stay focused for the full six minutes?
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใซใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚6 ๅˆ†้–“ใšใฃใจ้›†ไธญใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹?
18:37
Sounds easy?
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็ฐกๅ˜ใใ†ใงใ™ใญ๏ผŸ
18:39
Maybe not, because today we're talking about our attention spans.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅ ็งใŸใกใฏ้›†ไธญๅŠ›ใฎๆŒ็ถšๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:43
Are they shrinking?
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็ธฎใ‚“ใงใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:44
That's right, so we're asking today is the length of time we can focus on something โ€”
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ“ใงไปŠๆ—ฅ็งใŸใกใŒๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซ้›†ไธญใงใใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ้•ทใ•ใ€
18:48
that's our 'attention span' โ€” actually getting shorter?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œๆณจๆ„ใฎๆŒ็ถšๆ™‚้–“ใ€ใฏ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็Ÿญใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
18:53
Now, one study says yes.
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็พๅœจใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็ ”็ฉถใฏใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:55
In fact, it claims the human attention span
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ ไบบ้–“ใฎ้›†ไธญๅŠ›ใฎๆŒ็ถšๆ™‚้–“ใฏ
18:57
is now shorter than that of a goldfish.
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้‡‘้ญšใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚็Ÿญใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจไธปๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
19:01
Can that be true?
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:02
Smartphones, the internet, social media โ€”
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ใ‚นใƒžใƒผใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒณใ€ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฏ
19:05
these all certainly do take up a lot of our attention.
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็ขบใ‹ใซ ็งใŸใกใฎๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅฅชใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:08
But how much? How long do we look at our mobile phones for in a day, on average?
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ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใŸใกใฏ ไธ€ๆ—ฅๅนณๅ‡ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆ™‚้–“ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:14
Is it a) Around 30 minutes?
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a) 30ๅˆ†ใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
19:16
b) Around two and a half hours? Or c) Over three hours?
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b) 2ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏc) 3ๆ™‚้–“ไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ‹?
19:20
I tend to be quite busy,
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็งใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ๅ‚พๅ‘ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
19:22
but I know some people are really addicted to their mobile phones,
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ใŒใ€ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไพๅญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
19:25
so I'm going to say around two and a half hours โ€” that's answer 'b'.
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็ด„ 2 ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠใจ็ญ”ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œbใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:29
OK, so, a report released by Microsoft
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒญใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใŒ็™บ่กจใ—ใŸใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใซ
19:32
said the average human attention span in 2000 was 12 seconds.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€2000 ๅนดใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ไบบ้–“ใฎๅนณๅ‡็š„ใช้›†ไธญๅŠ›ใฎๆŒ็ถšๆ™‚้–“ใฏ 12 ็ง’ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:36
Since then, it's fallen to just eight seconds.
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ใใ‚Œไปฅๆฅใ€ ใ‚ใšใ‹8็ง’ใซใพใง็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:38
Right, and that's a massive change in a very short time.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ ้žๅธธใซ็ŸญๆœŸ้–“ใงใฎๅคงใใชๅค‰ๅŒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:42
Now, the year 2000 was just before the boom in digital media and smartphones,
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ใ•ใฆใ€2000 ๅนดใฏ ใƒ‡ใ‚ธใ‚ฟใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใจใ‚นใƒžใƒผใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒณใŒๆ€ฅๆˆ้•ทใ‚’้‚ใ’ใ‚‹็›ดๅ‰ใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€
19:46
so many think they're to blame for all these distractions.
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใฏ ใ“ใ†ใ—ใŸๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ™ในใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซ่ฒฌไปปใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:50
Now, 'distractions' are 'things which take away our focus or attention'.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ€Œ ็งใŸใกใฎ้›†ไธญๅŠ›ใ‚„ๆณจๆ„ๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅฅชใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
19:54
Yes. And we mentioned goldfish earlier.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ๅ…ˆใปใฉ้‡‘้ญšใซใคใ„ใฆ่งฆใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:57
Goldfish reportedly have an attention span of nine seconds.
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้‡‘้ญšใฎ้›†ไธญๅŠ›ใฏ9็ง’ใ ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
20:01
That's one more than phone-obsessed humans, with a mere eight seconds!
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใซๅคขไธญใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบ้–“ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ 1 ็ง’้•ทใใ€ ใ‚ใšใ‹ 8 ็ง’ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:06
And there's a phrase in English โ€”
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่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏ
20:07
we say 'to have the attention span of a goldfish'.
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ใ€Œ ้‡‘้ญšไธฆใฟใฎ้›†ไธญๅŠ›ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:10
Or 'the memory of a goldfish'.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€Œ้‡‘้ญšใฎ่จ˜ๆ†ถใ€ใ€‚
20:13
So these poor, poor goldfish, Neil.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใใ†ใช้‡‘้ญšใŸใกใ ใ‚ˆใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€‚
20:15
Yes, they get 'a bad press', don't they?
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ใฏใ„ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œๆ‚ชใ„ๅ ฑ้“ใ€ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
20:17
That's a phrase which means 'criticism' โ€”
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๆ‰น่ฉ•ใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใ™ใ€‚
20:19
especially criticism in the media and especially in 'newspapers' โ€”
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็‰นใซใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ข ใ€็‰นใซใ€Œๆ–ฐ่žใ€ใ€
20:23
or 'the press', as we call it.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€ใ†ใจใ“ใ‚ใฎใ€Œๅ ฑ้“ๆฉŸ้–ขใ€ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ๆ‰น่ฉ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:26
So, is it really true than humans are now even more easily distracted than fish?
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ใงใฏใ€ไบบ้–“ใฏ ้ญšใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆณจๆ„ๆ•ฃๆผซใซใชใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
20:32
Well, BBC radio programme More or Less recently investigated this claim.
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ใ•ใฆใ€BBCใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ช็•ช็ต„ใ€ŒMore or Lessใ€ใŒ ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ“ใฎไธปๅผตใ‚’่ชฟๆŸปใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:37
That's right. And they found out a couple of things.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็™บ่ฆ‹ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:40
Firstly, they couldn't find evidence of the research
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ใพใšใ€
20:43
that Microsoft quoted in their report.
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ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒญใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใŒใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใงๅผ•็”จใ—ใŸ็ ”็ฉถใฎ่จผๆ‹ ใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:46
In other words, the programme couldn't find scientific evidence
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่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ“ใฎ็•ช็ต„ใฏใ€
20:50
that our attention spans are in fact shrinking.
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็งใŸใกใฎๆณจๆ„ๆŒ็ถšๆ™‚้–“ใŒ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็Ÿญใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็ง‘ๅญฆ็š„่จผๆ‹ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
20:53
And secondly, the psychologist they spoke to said there are problems
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ใใ—ใฆ็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใŸๅฟƒ็†ๅญฆ่€…ใฏใ€ใใ‚‚ใใ‚‚
20:57
with the idea of measuring attention spans in the first place.
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ๆณจๆ„ๆŒ็ถšๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่จˆๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆ่‡ชไฝ“ใซๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใŸ ใ€‚
21:00
It's a term that's widely used, but it's not very scientific.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅบƒใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹็”จ่ชžใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š็ง‘ๅญฆ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:04
Hm, sounds fishy.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ๆ€ชใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
21:06
Yes. 'Fishy' means 'suspicious', by the way.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใกใชใฟใซใ€ใ€ŒFishyใ€ใฏใ€Œ็–‘ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ ใ€‚
21:09
Sorry, goldfish. Again!
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใญใ€้‡‘้ญšใ€‚ ใพใŸ๏ผ
21:11
So, are we humans in fact more easily distracted than before?
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ใงใฏใ€็งใŸใกไบบ้–“ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ ไปฅๅ‰ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใŒๆ•ฃใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
21:16
More or Less asked Dr Gemma Briggs, a psychologist at the Open University,
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More or Less ใฏใ€ ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ—ใƒณๅคงๅญฆใฎๅฟƒ็†ๅญฆ่€…ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒžใƒปใƒ–ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚นๅšๅฃซใซใ€
21:20
if human beings are less able to focus these days.
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็พไปฃใฎไบบ้–“ใฎ้›†ไธญๅŠ›ใฏไฝŽไธ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ€‚
21:25
It's all down to the individual,
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆๅ€‹ไบบๆฌก็ฌฌใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
21:27
it's all down to how you choose to apply your attention.
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๅ‘ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจๆฌก็ฌฌใงใ™ ใ€‚
21:30
So attention-switching ability may well have developed in recent years,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใฏใ€ใ‚นใƒžใƒผใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒณใจใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใฎๆ™‚ไปฃใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ่ฟ‘ๅนดใซ็™บ้”ใ—ใŸๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
21:35
in the age of the smartphone and the internet.
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ใ€‚
21:38
But because someone's distracted by their smartphone
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ‚นใƒžใƒผใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒณใซๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ€
21:40
or wanting to quickly Google something,
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใใซใ‚ฐใƒผใ‚ฐใƒซใงๆคœ็ดขใ—ใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใฃใฆใ€ๅˆฅใฎใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ
21:43
doesn't mean that they then don't have the ability
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21:46
to control and sustain their attention when they carry out another task.
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ๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๅˆถๅพกใŠใ‚ˆใณ็ถญๆŒใ™ใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใŒใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
21:50
So she says we're not necessarily more easily distracted.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใŒๆ•ฃใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใใชใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
21:54
Instead, we may actually be better
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ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
21:56
at switching our attention quickly between different tasks.
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็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏ้–“ใงๆณจๆ„ใ‚’็ด ๆ—ฉใๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅพ—ๆ„ใชใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:59
That's right. She's really saying we can 'multitask' better than before.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒไปฅๅ‰ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ไธŠๆ‰‹ใซใ€Œใƒžใƒซใƒใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ€ใ‚’ใ“ใชใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
22:04
And that means we can 'focus on many different tasks,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
22:07
'each for a shorter period of time'.
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็Ÿญใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใงใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใซ้›†ไธญใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
22:09
She said, "It's all down to how you choose to apply your attention."
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฏใ€ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๅ‘ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎ้ธๆŠžๆฌก็ฌฌใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œdown toใ€ใจใ„ใ†
22:13
Let's just highlight that phrase 'down to'.
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ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟ่กจ็คบใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
22:16
Here, it means 'depends on'.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œไพๅญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
22:18
It all depends on how you choose to apply your attention.
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ใ™ในใฆใฏใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๅ‘ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆฑบใพใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
22:21
So, maybe our attention spans aren't getting shorter,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใŸใกใฎ้›†ไธญๅŠ›ใŒ็Ÿญใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ ใ€
22:25
we just choose to look at our phones a lot more.
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ๅ˜ใซๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใŒ ๅข—ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:28
Which reminds me, today's question โ€”
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ใใ†ใ„ใˆใฐใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใŒใ€
22:29
I asked you how long, on average, we spend looking at our phones, and you said?
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็งใŸใกใฏๅนณๅ‡ใ—ใฆใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆ™‚้–“ ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใจ่žใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†็ญ”ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
22:34
Well, my attention span isn't that short
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ใพใ‚ใ€็งใฎ้›†ไธญๅŠ›ใฏ2ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉ็Ÿญใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
22:35
that I can't remember I said two and a half hours.
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ใ€‚
22:38
And the answer โ€” if you believe the research โ€”
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€ ็ ”็ฉถใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€
22:40
is 2.42 hours per day so, pretty good guess there, Catherine.
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1ๆ—ฅใ‚ใŸใ‚Š2.42ๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ตใƒชใƒณใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ„ใ„ๆŽจๆธฌใงใ™ใญใ€‚
22:45
Thank you.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
22:46
That comes from Chicago-based research firm Dscout.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ทใ‚ซใ‚ดใ‚’ๆ‹ ็‚นใจใ™ใ‚‹ ่ชฟๆŸปไผš็คพDscoutใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ€‚
22:49
And what about this?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹?
22:51
The group they surveyed touched their mobiles over 2,600 times a day.
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่ชฟๆŸปๅฏพ่ฑกใจใชใฃใŸใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฏใ€ 1ๆ—ฅใซ2,600ๅ›žไปฅไธŠๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใซ่งฆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ตใƒชใƒณใ€
22:57
Do you touch your phone 2,600 times a day, Catherine?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅใซ2,600ๅ›žใ‚‚ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’่งฆใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
23:00
I try not to, what about you?
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็งใฏใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
23:03
It's probably more than that to be honest.
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
23:05
Now, I'm sure everyone wants to get back to touching their phones,
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ใ•ใฆใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ™ใใซใงใ‚‚ ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’่งฆใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹
23:09
or maybe they're even touching them now as they listen,
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ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ไปŠใ“ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใชใŒใ‚‰่งฆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
23:12
but either way, let's have a review of today's phrases.
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ใ„ใšใ‚Œใซใ›ใ‚ˆใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
23:15
OK, so first we had 'attention span' โ€”
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใพใšใ€Œ้›†ไธญๅŠ›ใฎๆŒ็ถšๆ™‚้–“ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:18
that's 'the length of time we can focus on something'.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใซ้›†ไธญใงใใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ้•ทใ•ใ€ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
23:21
And mine is definitely a fair bit shorter than it used to be.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฎ้ซชใฏใ€ ไปฅๅ‰ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ‹ใชใ‚Š็Ÿญใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:24
Neil?
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ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ๏ผŸ
23:26
Neil?
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ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ๏ผŸ
23:27
Oh, sorry, I just got distracted there by a message on my phone. Apologies.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆบๅธฏใฎใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใซๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใฃใฆใ€‚ ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
23:32
That's all right.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
23:34
So, next up we had 'a bad press'.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใซ็งใŸใกใŒ็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใฎใฏใ€Œๆ‚ชใ„ๅ ฑ้“ใ€ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:36
Goldfish get a bad press. Social media gets a bad press.
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้‡‘้ญšใฏๆ‚ชใ„่ฉ•ๅˆคใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฏๆ‚ชใ„ๅ ฑ้“ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:41
And this means they all get 'criticism in the media'.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ๅ…จๅ“กใŒใ€Œใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใงๆ‰นๅˆคใ€ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:44
And we had fishy. If something's 'fishy', it's 'suspicious'.
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ใใ—ใฆ้ญšใ‚‚้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ€Œๆ€ชใ—ใ„ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ็–‘ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:48
And we had multitask.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒžใƒซใƒใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:50
To 'multitask' is 'to do several things at once'.
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ใ€Œใƒžใƒซใƒใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ€ใจใฏ ใ€Œ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅŒๆ™‚ใซ่กŒใ†ใ€ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
23:53
Then we had 'down to'.
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œdown toใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:55
Here it means 'depends on', though it can mean other things in other contexts.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œไพๅญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใŒใ€ ไป–ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏไป–ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:59
You could say it's all down to the context!
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ใ™ในใฆใฏๆ–‡่„ˆๆฌก็ฌฌใ ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
24:01
And that's our quick review, and our programme for today.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ‚Š ใจใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:04
So, did you stay focused all the way through? Or were you distracted?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง้›†ไธญๅŠ›ใ‚’ไฟใกใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ? ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใŒๆ•ฃใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
24:09
If you're looking for distractions,
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ๆฐ—ๅˆ†่ปขๆ›ใ‚’ใŠๆŽขใ—ใชใ‚‰ใ€
24:11
may I recommend our Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube pages?
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Facebookใ€Twitterใ€ Instagramใ€YouTube ใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ใŠใ™ใ™ใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:15
โ€” Goodbye for now. โ€” Goodbye.
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โ€” ใงใฏใพใŸใ€‚ - ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
24:17
6 Minute English.
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6ๅˆ†้–“่‹ฑ่ชžใ€‚
24:19
From BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning Englishใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€‚
24:22
Hello, welcome to 6 Minute English.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚6 Minute English ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
24:25
I'm Neil and with me in the studio is Harry. Hello, Harry.
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็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚ธใ‚ชใซใฏใƒใƒชใƒผใ‚‚ไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒใƒชใƒผใ€‚
24:28
โ€” Hello. โ€” Now, Harry, do you have many passwords?
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- ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ โ€” ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒใƒชใƒผใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
24:32
'Passwords' โ€” you mean 'the set of words and numbers
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ใ€Œใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ€Œ
24:34
'which I keep secret and allow me to access information'?
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็ง˜ๅฏ†ใซใ—ใฆใŠใใ€ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใจๆ•ฐๅญ—ใฎใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹?
24:38
Yes, I do actually.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:39
I've got a few for my computer and the different websites I use.
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็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผ็”จ ใจใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ็”จใซใ„ใใคใ‹ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:43
Then there are my cards โ€” credit card, debit card.
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚ธใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚„ใƒ‡ใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใชใฉใฎใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:46
And there's one for my ID here at the BBC
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ใใ—ใฆใ€BBC ใฎ็งใฎ ID ็”จใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
24:49
โ€” and then... โ€” Yeah, OK. I get the idea.
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ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰... ใˆใˆใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
24:51
There are too many, aren't there?
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ๅคšใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
24:53
Oh, yes! Sometimes I struggle to remember them all.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ†ใ ๏ผ ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ ๅ…จ้ƒจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใฎใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:56
And we are advised to learn them 'by heart',
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œๆš—่จ˜ใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
24:58
in other words, to have them 'memorised and not written down'.
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่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚Œใฐ ใ€Œๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ่จ˜ๆ†ถใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ‹งใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:02
It's for security reasons.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ปใ‚ญใƒฅใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃไธŠใฎ็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’
25:04
If you write them down and lose the paper you wrote them on,
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ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใ„ใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸ็ด™ใ‚’ใชใใ—ใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
25:07
then they won't be secret any more, will they?
436
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ใ‚‚ใ†็ง˜ๅฏ†ใงใฏใชใใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
25:09
Now, how would you like to have access to things
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ใ•ใฆใ€
25:11
with no need for passwords or cards?
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ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚„ใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ›ใšใซ็‰ฉไบ‹ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
25:14
Yeah, that would be brilliant!
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญ๏ผ
25:16
In this programme,
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ใ“ใฎ็•ช็ต„ใงใฏใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒผใƒ‡ใƒณใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒ›ใƒซใƒ ใซใ‚ใ‚‹
25:17
I'm going to tell you about a futuristic commercial building in Stockholm, Sweden,
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ๆœชๆฅ็š„ใชๅ•†ๆฅญใƒ“ใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:22
where you don't have to remember any passwords,
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ใใ“ใงใฏใ€ ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใชใใ€
25:25
you don't have to carry ID cards
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ID ใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆŒใกๆญฉใๅฟ…่ฆใ‚‚ใชใ
25:27
and, in some cases, you don't even need to carry money to pay for your coffee.
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ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใŸใ‚ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใกๆญฉใๅฟ…่ฆใ•ใˆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
25:31
How does it all work then โ€” by magic?
445
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ™ในใฆใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ โ€” ้ญ”ๆณ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
25:33
No, by inserting a microchip under the skin of your hand!
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๆ‰‹ใฎ็šฎ่†šใฎไธ‹ใซใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒญใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๆŒฟๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ !
25:38
A microchip is a very small device
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ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒญใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใงใใ‚‹้›ปๅญๅ›ž่ทฏใ‚’ๅ‚™ใˆใŸ้žๅธธใซๅฐใ•ใชใƒ‡ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™
25:41
with an electronic circuit which can do particular things.
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ใ€‚
25:44
In this case, the microchip we're talking about can identify you.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒญใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ญ˜ๅˆฅใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
25:49
Wow! I'm not sure I'd want a microchip inserted under my skin.
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ใŠใŠ๏ผ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็šฎ่†šใฎไธ‹ใซใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒญใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚่พผใ‚€ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚€ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
25:53
Er, no, me neither. It's interesting though, isn't it?
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ใˆใƒผใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใ‚‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
25:57
Before I tell you about this experiment, let's go for our quiz question.
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ใ“ใฎๅฎŸ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
26:01
And, of course, it's about passwords.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
26:04
Security firm SplashData publishes an annual report
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ใ‚ปใ‚ญใƒฅใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃไผš็คพSplashDataใฏใ€
26:08
about the weakest passwords people use.
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ไบบใ€…ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅผฑใ„ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๅนดๆฌกใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๅ…ฌ้–‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:10
Well, which was the most common password used in 2014?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ 2014 ๅนดใซๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใฏไฝ•ใ ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
26:15
Was it a) abc123?
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a) abc123ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
26:19
b) The numbers 123456?
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b) 123456 ใจใ„ใ†ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใงใ™ใ‹?
26:24
c) The words 'trustno' followed by the number 1?
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c) ใ€Œtrustnoใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฎๅพŒ ใซๆ•ฐๅญ—ใฎ 1 ใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ‹?
26:30
I'm going to go for c), 'trustno' followed by number 1,
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็งใฏ c) ใฎ ใ€Œtrustnoใ€ใซ็ถšใ„ใฆ 1 ็•ชใ‚’้ธใณใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็™ฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€
26:34
because actually it's the only one I hadn't heard of,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็งใŒ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ‹ใฃใŸๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
26:36
even though it's very, it's very obvious.
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ใ€‚
26:38
Well, all will be revealed at the end of the programme.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ ็•ช็ต„ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ™ในใฆๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
26:42
Now we're talking about the increasing need for ID
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใพใ™ใพใ™
26:46
in a society which works more and more with computers
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ๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹็คพไผšใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ ID ใฎๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใฎ้ซ˜ใพใ‚Šใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:48
and you'll learn some more related vocabulary.
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ใพใŸใ€้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒผใƒ‡ใƒณใฎ
26:52
Tell us more about this building in Sweden, Neil.
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ใ“ใฎๅปบ็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
26:55
You have this microchip put under your skin
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็šฎ่†šใฎไธ‹ใซใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒญใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚่พผใ‚€ใฎใงใ™ใŒ
26:57
and what does it allow you to do inside the building?
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ใ€ ๅปบ็‰ฉใฎไธญใงไฝ•ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹?
27:00
Let's listen to the BBC technology reporter, Rory Cellan-Jones.
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BBCใฎใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผ ่จ˜่€…ใ€ใƒญใƒชใƒผใƒปใ‚ปใƒฉใƒณใƒปใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใƒณใ‚บๆฐใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
27:04
He went there for a visit.
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ๅฝผใฏใใ“ใธ้Šใณใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ€‚
27:06
He uses an expression to say that the technology is not working perfectly yet,
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ๅฝผใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ ๆŠ€่ก“ใฏใพใ ๅฎŒๅ…จใซใฏๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€
27:11
because it's brand-new.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใใ‚ŒใฏใพใฃใŸใๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:12
What is that expression?
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ใใฎ่กจ็พใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
27:14
The new offices will soon host a shifting population of 700 entrepreneurs
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซใฏใ€ใ™ใใซ 700ไบบใฎ่ตทๆฅญๅฎถ
27:19
and employees and they'll all be offered the chance to get chipped, if they wish.
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ใจๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใŒๅ…ฅๅฑ…ใ™ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ€ ๅธŒๆœ›ใ™ใ‚Œใฐๅ…จๅ“กใซใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚่พผใ‚€ๆฉŸไผšใŒๆไพ›ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใ ใ€‚
27:24
As well as opening doors that'll allow them to use the photocopiers
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ใพใŸใ€ ใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผๆฉŸใฎไฝฟ็”จใ‚’ๅฏ่ƒฝใซใ—ใ€
27:27
and eventually to log on to computers or pay for food in the cafe.
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ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใซใƒญใ‚ฐใ‚ชใƒณใ—ใŸใ‚Š ใ€ใ‚ซใƒ•ใ‚งใง้ฃŸไบ‹ใฎไปฃ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚‚้–‹ใใพใ™ใ€‚
27:32
The technology is still having teething problems โ€”
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ใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผใซใฏ ใพใ ๅˆๆœŸๆฎต้šŽใฎๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
27:34
I found it quite a struggle to activate the photocopier!
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ใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผๆฉŸใ‚’่ตทๅ‹•ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ‹ใชใ‚Š่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:37
And amongst the people working here, I found some enthusiasm, but also caution.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅƒใไบบใŸใกใฎไธญใซใฏใ€ ็†ฑๆ„ใจๅŒๆ™‚ใซๆ…Ž้‡ใ•ใ‚‚ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:43
The expression is 'having teething problems'.
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ใใฎ่กจ็พใฏ ใ€ŒๆญฏใŒ็”Ÿใˆใ‚‹ๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:46
When a new project or device doesn't work perfectly,
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚„ใƒ‡ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใŒ ๅฎŒ็’งใซๅ‹•ไฝœใ—ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€
27:49
we say it 'has teething problems'.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€ŒๅˆๆœŸ็š„ใชๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:52
Yes, the microchip allowed Rory to make the photocopier work
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒญใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใฎใŠใ‹ใ’ใงใ€ใƒญใƒชใƒผใฏ
27:55
just by swiping his hand over a console.
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ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฝใƒผใƒซไธŠใงๆ‰‹ใ‚’ใ‚นใƒฏใ‚คใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผๆฉŸใ‚’ๆ“ไฝœใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:58
But it didn't work straight away.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ™ใใซใฏๅŠนๆžœใŒๅ‡บใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:01
And he tells us that some of the workers are reacting with caution
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ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใฏใ€ไฝœๆฅญๅ“กใฎไธญใซใฏ
28:04
to the idea of having a microchip put under their skin.
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็šฎ่†šใฎไธ‹ใซใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒญใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚่พผใ‚€ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใซ่ญฆๆˆ’ๆ„Ÿใ‚’็คบใ™่€…ใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็งใŸใกใซ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:08
'Caution' means 'being careful to avoid something dangerous or risky'.
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ใ€Œๆณจๆ„ใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฑ้™บใชใ“ใจใ‚„ใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
28:12
It might be risky but we might all be using it one day โ€” who knows?
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ใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ„ใคใ‹็งใŸใกๅ…จๅ“กใŒ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
28:17
The group running this scheme thinks this might be a good thing.
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ใ“ใฎ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’้‹ๅ–ถใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:20
Hannes Sjobland from a Swedish bio-hacking group
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ใ‚นใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒผใƒ‡ใƒณใฎใƒใ‚คใ‚ชใƒใƒƒใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎใƒใƒณใƒใ‚นใƒปใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ๆฐใฏใ€
28:24
seems to believe that linking biology and electronic devices
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็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅญฆใจ้›ปๅญๆฉŸๅ™จใ‚’็ตใณใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง
28:27
can make our daily lives better, but he is concerned about people's freedom.
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็งใŸใกใฎๆ—ฅๅธธ็”Ÿๆดปใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใใชใ‚‹ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใŒใ€ ไบบใ€…ใฎ่‡ช็”ฑใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๆ‡ธๅฟตใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
28:32
And what if a government or a big corporation
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ใใ—ใฆๅฐ†ๆฅใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœ ใ‚„ๅคงไผๆฅญใŒ
28:35
wants to use this technology in the future?
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ใ“ใฎๆŠ€่ก“ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ? ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
28:37
What does Hannes Sjobland want to be able to do if it happens?
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ใƒใƒณใƒใ‚นใƒปใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใฏไฝ•ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใฎ ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
28:41
A tip, the word is a verb.
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ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
28:45
We are early adopters of this technology.
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ๅฝ“็คพใฏใ“ใฎๆŠ€่ก“ใ‚’ๆ—ฉๆœŸใซๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:47
We experiment with it, we learn it, how it works,
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ้จ“ใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:51
because I think that there might be a day when the taxman or the big corporates,
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ ็จŽๅ‹™็ฝฒๅ“กใ‚„ๅคงไผๆฅญใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆๆฅใฆใ€
28:56
will come and say, "Hey, try this chip, try this implant",
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ใ€ŒใŠใ„ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒ—ใƒฉใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๆ—ฅใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
29:00
and then we will be able to question their proposals.
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ใใฎๆ™‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๆๆกˆใซ็–‘ๅ•ใ‚’ๆŠฑใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
29:04
He wants to 'question' their proposals.
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ๅฝผใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๆๆกˆใซใ€Œ็–‘ๅ•ใ€ใ‚’ๅ‘ˆใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
29:06
It means to 'express doubts' about their proposals and intentions.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๆๆกˆใ‚„ๆ„ๅ›ณใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€Œ็–‘ๅ•ใ‚’่กจๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
29:10
You know what, Neil? I'd rather have my passwords!
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ใญใˆใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ‚‹๏ผŸ ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™!
29:13
Well, talking about passwords, let's go back to my quiz question.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณ ใ‚ปใ‚ญใƒฅใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃไผๆฅญ SplashData ใฎ 2014 ๅนดใฎใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹
29:17
I asked you what the weakest password people use is,
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅผฑใ„ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ใจ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
29:20
according to the 2014 report by the online security firm, SplashData.
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ใ€‚
29:25
The options were abc123, the numbers 123456,
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้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฏใ€abc123ใ€ ๆ•ฐๅญ—123456ใ€
29:32
and the words 'trustno' followed by the number 1.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œtrustnoใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชž ใซๆ•ฐๅญ—1ใŒ็ถšใใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
29:35
And I said the third one, 'trustno1'.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏ3็•ช็›ฎใฎใ€Œtrustno1ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
29:38
And you were wrong, I'm afraid, Harry.
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ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใƒใƒชใƒผใ€‚
29:42
The correct answer is b).
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏb)ใงใ™ใ€‚
29:44
The password '123456' has been named as the worst password of 2014.
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ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ€Œ123456ใ€ใŒ 2014ๅนดใฎๆœ€ๆ‚ชใฎใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใซ้ธใฐใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
29:51
The other two were also in the list.
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ไป–ใฎ2ใคใ‚‚ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซ่ผ‰ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
29:53
Before we go, can you remind us of the words we heard today, Harry?
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ๅธฐใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅ่žใ„ใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใƒใƒชใƒผ๏ผŸ
29:56
The words were:
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ใใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€
29:58
password,
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ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ€
29:59
by heart,
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ๆš—่จ˜ใ€
30:01
microchip,
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ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒญใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ€
30:04
having teething problems,
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ๅ•้กŒ็™บ็”Ÿไธญใ€
30:07
caution,
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ๆณจๆ„ใ€
30:09
to question.
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่ณชๅ•ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
30:11
Thank you. Well, that's it for this programme.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๅ›žใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎไป–ใฎ 6 Minute English ็•ช็ต„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€
30:14
Go to BBC Learning English dot com to find more 6 Minute English programmes.
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BBC Learning English dot com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
30:18
โ€” Until next time, goodbye! โ€” Bye!
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โ€” ใงใฏใพใŸๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใ€ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰๏ผ - ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰๏ผ
30:21
6 Minute English.
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6ๅˆ†้–“่‹ฑ่ชžใ€‚
30:22
From BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning Englishใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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