Can we live without plastic? โฒ๏ธ 6 Minute English

440,993 views ใƒป 2023-12-14

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:08
Hello. This is Six Minute
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
00:09
English from BBC
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BBC
00:11
Learning English. I'm
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Learning English ใฎ Six Minute English ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
00:12
Neil. And I'm Beth.
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ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใƒ™ใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:13
"Plastic is fantastic."
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ใ€Œใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
00:16
This phrase was used a lot in the 1950s
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ใ“ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏใ€
00:19
when mass-produced plastic items started to become part
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ๅคง้‡็”Ÿ็”ฃใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ่ฃฝๅ“ใŒ
00:23
of our everyday lives.
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็งใŸใกใฎๆ—ฅๅธธ็”Ÿๆดปใฎไธ€้ƒจใซใชใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใŸ1950ๅนดไปฃใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:25
The following decades saw a revolution as plastic became
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ใใฎๅพŒใฎๆ•ฐๅๅนด้–“ใง้ฉๅ‘ฝใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใ€ ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏ็พไปฃ็”Ÿๆดปใง
00:28
the most commonly used material in modern life, found in everything
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹็ด ๆใจใชใ‚Š ใ€
00:33
from cars to furniture to packaging.
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่‡ชๅ‹•่ปŠใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฎถๅ…ทใ€ๅŒ…่ฃ…ใซ่‡ณใ‚‹ใพใงใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:36
Take a quick look around
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ๅ‘จๅ›ฒใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅ›žใ›ใฐใ€
00:38
and you'll soon see how many everyday items contain plastic.
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ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎ ๆ—ฅ็”จๅ“ใซใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ™ใใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:42
But now our love of plastic is being questioned,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—็พๅœจใ€
00:45
mostly thanks to climate change and pollution caused by single use plastics โ€“
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ๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใจไฝฟใ„ๆจใฆ ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ๏ผˆๆจใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ
00:50
plastic products which are designed to be used just once
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ไธ€ๅบฆใ ใ‘ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จญ่จˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ่ฃฝๅ“๏ผ‰ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆฑšๆŸ“ใฎใ›ใ„ใงใ€็งใŸใกใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใธใฎๆ„›ใŒ็–‘ๅ•่ฆ–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:54
before being thrown away. 11 million tonnes of plastic waste
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ใ€‚ ๆฏŽๅนด1,100 ไธ‡ใƒˆใƒณใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏๅปƒๆฃ„็‰ฉใŒ
00:58
are dumped into our oceans every year.
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ๆตทใซๆŠ•ๆฃ„ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:01
It's believed that single-use plastics make up 40%
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ไฝฟใ„ๆจใฆใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏไธ–็•Œใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏๆฑšๆŸ“ๅ…จไฝ“ใฎ 40% ใ‚’ๅ ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
01:05
of all plastic pollution globally. What's more,
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ๆฑšๆŸ“ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
01:08
it's not just land and water being polluted - tiny plastic pieces known
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ๅœŸๅœฐใจๆฐดใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒญใƒ“ใƒผใ‚บใจใ—ใฆ ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฐใ•ใชใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ็‰‡ใŒไบบไฝ“ๅ†…ใง
01:14
as microbeads have even been found inside the human body
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ใ‚‚็™บ่ฆ‹ใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Š
01:18
and can be passed from mother to child through breast milk. And
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ใ€ๆฏไนณใ‚’้€šใ˜ใฆๆฏ่ฆชใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญไพ›ใซๆ„ŸๆŸ“ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€
01:22
because plastic comes from fossil fuels, the process
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ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏ ๅŒ–็Ÿณ็‡ƒๆ–™ใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
01:26
of making it creates problems at every stage,
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ใใฎ่ฃฝ้€ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใงใฏใ€
01:29
from burning coal, to transportation, to recycling. In this programme,
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็Ÿณ็‚ญใฎ็‡ƒ็„ผใ‹ใ‚‰่ผธ้€ใ€ ใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใซ่‡ณใ‚‹ใพใงใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆฎต้šŽใงๅ•้กŒใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใฏใ€
01:34
we'll be asking: is it
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01:35
time to live without plastic? And, as usual,
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ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใชใ—ใง็”Ÿๆดปใงใใ‚‹ๆ™‚ไปฃใŒๆฅใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ•ใ„ใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
01:39
we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพฟๅˆฉใชๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚‚ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
01:42
But first I have a question for you, Beth.
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ใงใ‚‚ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ€ ใƒ™ใ‚นใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:45
One reason why plastic became so popular is that
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ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒ ใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉๆ™ฎๅŠใ—ใŸ็†็”ฑใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒ
01:48
it's a very flexible material.
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้žๅธธใซๆŸ”่ปŸใชๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:50
It can be formed into different shapes,
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅฝขใซๆˆๅฝขใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
01:52
making it useful for keeping food fresh, or holding liquid.
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้ฃŸๅ“ใฎ้ฎฎๅบฆใ‚’ไฟใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆถฒไฝ“ใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
01:57
Originally, plastic was invented to replace the decreasing supply
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ๅ…ƒใ€…ใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใ€
02:01
of natural materials like metal, wood and glass. So which items did plastic
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้‡‘ๅฑžใ€ๆœจๆ ใ€ใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚นใชใฉใฎๅคฉ็„ถ็ด ๆใฎไพ›็ตฆใŒๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซไปฃใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็™บๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€
02:06
first replace? Was it:
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใซๅ–ใฃใฆไปฃใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใฏใฉใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใใ‚ŒใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ—ใŸ:
02:07
a. snooker balls b. shopping bags or c. hairbrushes?
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ใ‚นใƒŒใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใƒœใƒผใƒซ b. ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐ ใพใŸใฏcใ€‚ ใƒ˜ใ‚ขใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ท๏ผŸ
02:12
Hmm, I guess the first thing to be made
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใง ๆœ€ๅˆใซไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใฏ
02:15
of plastic was a hairbrush.
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ใƒ˜ใ‚ขใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ทใ‹ใชใ€‚
02:17
OK, Beth, I'll reveal the answer later in the programme.
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OKใ€ใƒ™ใ‚นใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏ ็•ช็ต„ใฎๅพŒๅŠใงๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:21
Dr Sherri Mason is Professor of Chemistry at Penn State University
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ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒชใƒผใƒปใƒกใ‚คใ‚ฝใƒณๅšๅฃซใฏใ€็ฑณๅ›ฝ ใƒšใƒณใ‚ทใƒซใƒ™ใƒ‹ใ‚ขๅทž็ซ‹ๅคงๅญฆใฎๅŒ–ๅญฆๆ•™ๆŽˆใงใ‚ใ‚Š
02:25
in the US, and a specialist in plastic pollution.
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ใ€ ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏๆฑšๆŸ“ใฎๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใงใ™ใ€‚
02:29
Her award-winning 2017 research into microplastics
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่ณžใ‚’ๅ—่ณžใ—ใŸ2017ๅนดใฎ
02:33
in rivers led to the US Congress banning microbeads. Here,
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ๆฒณๅทไธญใฎใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒญใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ็ ”็ฉถใฏใ€็ฑณๅ›ฝ่ญฐไผšใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒญใƒ“ใƒผใ‚บใฎ็ฆๆญขใซใคใชใŒใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€
02:38
she explains the problem of plastics to BBC
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ BBC
02:40
World Service Programme, The Real Story.
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ใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚น ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ€The Real Story ใงใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎๅ•้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:44
Plastic is synthetic and, as a consequence of that, nature
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ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏๅˆๆˆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใใฎ็ตๆžœใจใ—ใฆใ€่‡ช็„ถ็•Œใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใ†ๆ‰ฑใ†ในใใ‹ใ‚’
02:49
doesn't really know what to do with it.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
02:51
Like, a paper bag that's sitting on the side of the road โ€“
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€้“็ซฏใซ่ฝใกใฆใ„ใ‚‹็ด™่ข‹ใงใ™ ใ€‚
02:54
it's unsightly, but within weeks
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่ฆ‹่‹ฆใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ไปฅๅ†…ใซ
02:56
there are organisms in the soil
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ๅœŸใฎไธญใซ
02:58
they can use that paper bag as a food source, right...
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ใใฎ็ด™่ข‹ใ‚’ ้ฃŸๆ–™ใจใ—ใฆๅˆฉ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅพฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ...
03:01
They have evolved to basically chew up that paper bag
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใใฎ็ด™ใ‚’ๅ™›ใฟ็ •ใใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้€ฒๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ข‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆ
03:05
and turn it back into soil,
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ๅœŸใซๆˆปใ—ใ€
03:07
turn it back into carbon and nitrogen and oxygen.
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็‚ญ็ด  ใจ็ช’็ด ใจ้…ธ็ด ใซๆˆปใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:10
But with regard to plastic, because it is a synthetic material,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ๅˆๆˆ็ด ๆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
03:14
you don't have that evolution.
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้€ฒๅŒ–ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’
03:16
There are some organisms that can use it as a food source,
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้ฃŸๆ–™ๆบใจใ—ใฆๅˆฉ็”จใงใใ‚‹็”Ÿ็‰ฉใฏ
03:19
but they're few and far between, especially when you're talking
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ็‰นใซ
03:23
about water systems, aquatic systems and the temperatures that exist, and
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ๆฐด็ณปใ€ๆฐด็”Ÿใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ  ใ€ๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ๆธฉๅบฆใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€
03:28
so they can't really use it as a food source so plastic doesn't biodegrade...
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ”ใใ‚ใšใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’้ฃŸๆ–™ใจใ—ใฆๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้ฃŸๅ“ ๆบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏ็”Ÿๅˆ†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“...
03:33
Plastic is a synthetic material,
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ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏๅˆๆˆๆๆ–™ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:36
meaning that it's made by combining manmade chemicals,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่‡ช็„ถใซๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ ไบบๅทฅใฎๅŒ–ๅญฆ็‰ฉ่ณชใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
03:39
instead of existing naturally.
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ใ€‚
03:42
Natural materials like paper decay and harmlessly turn back into soil
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็ด™ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅคฉ็„ถ็ด ๆใฏ่…ใฃใฆ ็„กๅฎณใซๅœŸใซๆˆปใ‚Šใ€
03:47
โ€“ they biodegrade. But plastic is not like this.
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็”Ÿๅˆ†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:51
It doesn't decay and get broken down by microbes and bacteria.
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่…ๆ•—ใ›ใšใ€ ๅพฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใ‚„็ดฐ่Œใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅˆ†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:55
In fact, some plastic-eating microbes and bacteria do exist,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ๅพฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉ ใ‚„็ดฐ่Œใฏๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™
03:59
but these are few and far between, they're rare โ€“
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ”ใๅฐ‘ๆ•ฐใงใ€ใพใ‚Œใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€
04:03
they don't happen very often. It is the fact that
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้ ป็นใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:05
plastic doesn't decay which is responsible for the waste
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ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒ่…ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใŒใ€
04:08
we see in the environment. Waste
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็’ฐๅขƒไธญใซๅปƒๆฃ„็‰ฉใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅŽŸๅ› ใจใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:10
which is often unsightly, meaning ugly and unpleasant to
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆ่ฆ‹่‹ฆใ—ใ„ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š่ฆ‹่‹ฆใ—ใ ไธๅฟซใชๅปƒๆฃ„็‰ฉ
04:13
look at. Fortunately, help is at hand.
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ใ€‚ ๅนธใ„ใชใ“ใจใซใ€ ๅŠฉใ‘ใฏใ™ใใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:17
The plastic-eating microbes
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04:19
Neil mentioned, especially one called Rhodococcus ruber,
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ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใŒ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใŸใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ๅพฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใ€็‰นใซใƒญใƒ‰ใ‚ณใƒƒใ‚ซใ‚นใƒปใƒซใƒใƒผใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅพฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใฏ
04:22
have been tested by scientists
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็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ•ใ‚Œใ€
04:24
and seemed capable of breaking down plastic into its basic components.
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ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ใใฎๅŸบๆœฌๆˆๅˆ†ใซๅˆ†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:29
What's also needed is an emphasis on reducing plastic production,
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ใพใŸๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ็”Ÿ็”ฃใ€
04:34
especially packaging and other single-use products, rather
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็‰นใซๅŒ…่ฃ… ใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆจใฆ่ฃฝๅ“ใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใซ้‡็‚นใ‚’็ฝฎใใ“ใจใงใ™
04:38
than simply recycling. Action like this should help
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใฟใฏใ€ๅคฉ็„ถ่ณ‡ๆบใ‚’ๆฑšๆŸ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใไฟ่ญทใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†
04:41
plastic achieve its original purpose โ€“ to help preserve, not pollute,
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ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎๆœฌๆฅใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใฏใšใงใ™
04:46
our natural resources. And speaking of the origins of plastic, isn't it
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ใ€‚ ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎ่ตทๆบใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€
04:51
time to reveal the answer to your question, Neil?
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ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๆœŸใŒๆฅใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:53
Right. I asked you
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ๅณใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใซใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใซๅ–ใฃใฆไปฃใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใฏใ€
04:54
which object made of natural materials was the first to be replaced by plastic?
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ๅคฉ็„ถ็ด ๆใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใฉใฎ็‰ฉไฝ“ใ‹ใจๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
04:59
You said it was a hairbrush which was... the wrong answer, I'm afraid Beth.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ˜ใ‚ขใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ทใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ... ้–“้•ใฃใŸ็ญ”ใˆใงใ™ใ€ใƒ™ใ‚นใ€‚
05:04
In fact, the first plastic-moulding machine
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏๆˆๅฝขๆฉŸใฏ
05:07
was used in 1872
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1800
1872 ๅนดใซ
05:09
to produce snooker balls.
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ใ‚นใƒŒใƒผใ‚ซใƒผ ใƒœใƒผใƒซใฎ่ฃฝ้€ ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:11
OK, let's recap the vocabulary
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ใ•ใฆใ€
05:13
we have learned from this programme, starting with single-use plastics โ€“
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ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงๅญฆใ‚“ใ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไฝฟใ„ๆจใฆใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
05:17
plastic products which are designed to be used just once,
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05:21
before being thrown away.
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ๆจใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซไธ€ๅบฆใ ใ‘ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จญ่จˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ่ฃฝๅ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:22
Microbeads are tiny plastic particles found in products
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ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒญใƒ“ใƒผใ‚บใฏใ€ๆญฏ็ฃจใ็ฒ‰ใ‚„ใƒœใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใชใฉใฎ ่ฃฝๅ“ใซๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฐใ•ใชใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ็ฒ’ๅญใง
05:26
like toothpastes and body scrubs,
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ใ€
05:28
which can enter and pollute rivers, seas and the human body.
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ๅทใ€ๆตทใ€ไบบไฝ“ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Š่พผใฟใ€ๆฑšๆŸ“ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:32
The adjective synthetic describes
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€Œ ๅˆๆˆใ€ใฏใ€
05:34
a non-natural material made by combining chemicals.
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ๅŒ–ๅญฆ็‰ฉ่ณชใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ้žๅคฉ็„ถ็ด ๆใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:38
To biodegrade means to decay naturally in a way that is not harmful
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็”Ÿๅˆ†่งฃใจใฏใ€็’ฐๅขƒใซๅฎณใ‚’ๅŠใผใ•ใชใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใง่‡ช็„ถใซ่…ๆ•—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
05:43
to the environment. The phrase few and far between
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใปใจใ‚“ใฉ ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใฏใ€้žๅธธใซใพใ‚Œใงใ‚ใ‚‹
05:46
means very rare or not happening very often.
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ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š้ ป็นใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:49
And finally, if something is described as unsightly,
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ฆ‹่‹ฆใ—ใ„ใจ่กจ็พใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
05:53
it's ugly and unpleasant to look at. Once again
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่ฆ‹่‹ฆใ—ใไธๅฟซใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๅ†ใณ
05:57
our six minutes are up.
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6 ๅˆ†ใŒ็ตŒ้Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:58
Join us next time for more trending topics
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ๆฌกๅ›žใฏใ€Six Minute English ใง ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใƒˆใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏ
06:01
and useful vocabulary here at Six Minute
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ใ‚„ๅฝน็ซ‹ใค่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„
06:04
English. Goodbye for now.
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ใ€‚ ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใˆใšใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
06:05
Goodbye!
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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