How can you get better at using the third conditional? Ask BBC Learning English

47,611 views ใƒป 2025-03-09

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
How can you get better at using the third conditional?
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็ฌฌไธ‰ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไธŠๆ‰‹ใซไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
00:03
Here's a question from Vitoria.
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ใƒ“ใƒˆใƒชใ‚ขใ•ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:06
Why is using third conditional so difficult?
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็ฌฌไธ‰ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฎไฝฟ็”จใฏใชใœ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
00:12
That was Vitoria's question, but we also want your questions.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒ“ใƒˆใƒชใ‚ขใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚‚่žใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:17
You can email us at [email protected].
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ใƒกใƒผใƒซใงใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ [email protected] ใพใงใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:22
But now, on to the third conditional.
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ใ•ใฆใ€3็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:26
So what is the third conditional?
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ใงใฏใ€3็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
00:29
Well, here's an example.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:31
This was Phil yesterday.
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
00:33
He had a problem and he needed help.
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ๅฝผใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅŠฉใ‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:36
If you'd called me, I would have helped you.
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ใ‚‚ใ—้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใ‚ใ’ใŸใฎใซใ€‚
00:40
First, understanding the meaning isn't easy.
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ใพใšใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:44
The third conditional is used to talk about things in the past that did
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3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆณ•ใฏใ€ ้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจ
00:48
or didn't happen,
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ใ‚„่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
00:49
but you're imagining a different reality to what actually happened in the past.
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ใŒใ€ ้ŽๅŽปใซๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็พๅฎŸใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:58
So, you didn't call me, so I didn't help you.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:01
But if you had called me, then I would have helped you.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:05
This is the imaginary situation.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๆƒณๅƒไธŠใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
01:09
Georgie panicked in her job interview yesterday.
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ธใƒผใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎๅฐฑ่ท้ขๆŽฅใงใƒ‘ใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้™ฅใฃใŸ ใ€‚
01:12
She hadn't practised.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:14
If she'd practised for the interview, she wouldn't have panicked.
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ใ‚‚ใ—้ขๆŽฅใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒ‘ใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้™ฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
01:18
Did she panic? Yes.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒ‘ใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฏใ„ใ€‚
01:21
Why? Because she hadn't practised for the interview.
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ใชใœ๏ผŸ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้ขๆŽฅใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:25
This is a regret.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฎ‹ๅฟตใงใ™ใ€‚
01:27
She wishes that she'd done something differently.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไฝ•ใ‹้•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใŠใ‘ใฐใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใจๅพŒๆ‚”ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
01:31
Now, to make the third conditional easier, try to swap the clauses around.
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ใ•ใฆใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ใ€็ฏ€ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œๆ›ฟใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:36
She probably wouldn't have panicked if she'd practised for the interview.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้ขๆŽฅใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใƒ‘ใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
01:40
This sounds a bit more natural.
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ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใปใ†ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
01:43
I would have helped you if you'd called me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใซใ€‚
01:46
Now, getting the grammar right is also very important.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
01:50
I would have helped you.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:53
'I' plus 'would' plus 'have' plus the past participle.
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ใ€ŒIใ€๏ผ‹ใ€Œwouldใ€๏ผ‹ใ€Œhaveใ€๏ผ‹้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ€‚
01:58
That's the third form of the verb.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ3็•ช็›ฎใฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
02:01
Help, helped, helped
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ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใ€ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใ€ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใ€‚
02:04
If you'd called me.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
02:06
'If' plus 'you' plus the past perfect.
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ใ€ŒIfใ€ใซใ€Œyouใ€ใจ้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’่ถณใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
02:11
Here's another example.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ขๆŽฅใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจใ†ใพใใ„ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰
02:13
They said she would have got the job if the interview had gone better.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใจๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸ ใ€‚ ้ขๆŽฅใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจใ†ใพใใ„ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰
02:18
She would have got the job
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†
02:22
if the interview had gone better.
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ใ€‚
02:27
And then there's the pronunciation, especially contractions.
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ใใ—ใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ€ ็‰นใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:32
I would have helped you.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:34
I would have.
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็งใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
02:36
I would've.
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ใ€‚
02:38
I would have helped you. If you'd called me.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
02:42
If you had. If you'd.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
02:45
If you'd called me. I would've helped you if you'd called me.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใ‚ใ’ใŸใฎใซใ€‚
02:50
It's really important to practise.
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
02:53
Have a go now.
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ไปŠใ™ใ่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ†
02:55
Would have.
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ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ†
02:56
Would've.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
02:58
Would have eaten.
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้ฃŸในใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
03:00
Would've eaten.
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้ฃŸในใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
03:02
Would have gone out.
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ๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
03:05
Would've gone out.
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ๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
03:07
If I had. If I'd.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
03:11
If I'd known.
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็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
03:14
If I'd known.
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็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
03:16
Now, the other thing to remember is that the whole conditional is often not used.
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ใ“ใ“ใง่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅ…จไฝ“ใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฏไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:21
Quite often we only use half of it.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅŠๅˆ†ใ—ใ‹ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:25
Phil, I got into university.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซใ€ๅคงๅญฆใซๅ…ฅๅญฆใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ€‚
03:27
Oh, wow. That's amazing.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ใ”ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
03:29
Ergh, if I'd studied harder...
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐโ€ฆ
03:33
Anyway, what are you studying?
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:35
I'm studying drama.
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็งใฏๆผ”ๅŠ‡ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:36
Nice. I would have studied dance.
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ใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚นใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒ€ใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:41
That's all for now,
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ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ในใฆใงใ™
03:42
but check below and you'll find more on this topic. See you soon.
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ใŒใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่ฉณ็ดฐใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸ่ฟ‘ใ„ใ†ใกใซใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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