BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Food' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocabulary!

390,447 views

2023-09-17 ใƒป BBC Learning English


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BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Food' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocabulary!

390,447 views ใƒป 2023-09-17

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
6 Minute English
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from BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning English ใฎ 6 Minute Englishใ€‚
00:05
Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ BBC Learning English ใฎ 6 Minute English ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
00:09
And I'm Sam.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ‚ตใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:10
English has many proverbs,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏใ€ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚„ๅธธ่ญ˜ใ‚’
00:12
short and well-known phrases giving a piece of useful advice or common sense.
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ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚ใ–ใ€็Ÿญใใฆๆœ‰ๅใชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:18
For example, the proverb 'actions speak louder than words'
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€Œ่กŒๅ‹•ใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้›„ๅผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚ใ–ใฏใ€
00:22
means that what people do is more important than what they say.
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ไบบใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:26
And the proverb 'don't judge a book by its cover'
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ใพใŸใ€ ใ€Œ่กจ็ด™ใงๆœฌใ‚’ๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚ใ–ใฏใ€ไบบใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆ
00:30
advises people not to form opinions about people based on how they look.
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ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใจใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:36
Proverbs are found in many cultures and languages
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ใ“ใจใ‚ใ–ใฏ ๅคšใใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใ‚„่จ€่ชžใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œ
00:39
and are often passed down through the generations
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ใ€
00:41
to teach children lessons in life.
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ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใซไบบ็”Ÿใฎๆ•™่จ“ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไธ–ไปฃใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใฆๅ—ใ‘็ถ™ใŒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:44
One famous English proverb is 'an apple a day keeps the doctor away'.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎๆœ‰ๅใช่ซบใซ ใ€Œ1ๆ—ฅ1ๅ€‹ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใŒๅŒป่€…ใ„ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:49
In other words, eating fresh fruit is good for you. But is it really true?
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่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆ–ฐ้ฎฎใชๆžœ็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ไฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:52
Can eating an apple a day actually have significant health benefits?
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ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใจ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ้‡ๅคงใชๅฅๅบทไธŠใฎๅˆฉ็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
00:59
That's the question we'll be discussing in this programme
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใง็งใŸใกใŒ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ™ใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Š
01:02
and, as usual, we'll be learning some new vocabulary as well.
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ใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚‚ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
01:06
But, before that, I have a question for you, Sam.
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ใงใ‚‚ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ€ ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:09
Most proverbs come from a place's history
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎใ“ใจใ‚ใ–ใฏใใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใฎๆญดๅฒใซ็”ฑๆฅใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
01:13
and England has a long history of growing apples.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใซใฏใƒชใƒณใ‚ดๆ ฝๅŸนใฎ้•ทใ„ๆญดๅฒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ไฝ•
01:16
Over the centuries, hundreds of different apple varieties
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ไธ–็ด€ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใŸใฃใฆใ€ ไฝ•็™พใ‚‚ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใฎๅ“็จฎใŒๅ›ฝไธญใฎ
01:19
have been grown in orchards up and down the country,
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ๆžœๆจนๅœ’ใงๆ ฝๅŸนใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Š ใ€
01:22
some with quite unusual names.
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ไธญใซใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ใ—ใ„ๅๅ‰ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:25
So which of the following is the name of a real type of English apple?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใฎๅๅ‰ใฏๆฌกใฎใ†ใกใฉใ‚Œใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
01:30
Is it a) a Taylor's gold? b) a Golden pippin? Or c) a Black Worcester?
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a) ใƒ†ใ‚คใƒฉใƒผใ‚บใ‚ดใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ‹? b) ใ‚ดใƒผใƒซใƒ‡ใƒณ ใƒ”ใƒ”ใƒณ? ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ c) ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฆใƒผใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผ?
01:37
I don't know, but I think it's b) a Golden Pippin.
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ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ b) ใ‚ดใƒผใƒซใƒ‡ใƒณใƒ”ใƒ”ใƒณใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:40
OK, Sam, I'll reveal the answer later in the programme.
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OKใ€ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏ ็•ช็ต„ใฎๅพŒๅŠใงๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:44
But whatever the name of the apple, new scientific research
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใฎๅๅ‰ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€็‰นใซ็šฎไป˜ใใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฅๅบทไธŠใฎๅˆฉ็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ€ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็ง‘ๅญฆ็ ”็ฉถใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ
01:48
is showing that there really are health benefits to eating apples,
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็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
01:52
especially with the skins on.
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ใ€‚
01:54
Apple skins are full of good stuff โ€”
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใฎ็šฎใซใฏใ€้ฃŸ็‰ฉ
01:57
fibre, vitamins, and especially 'flavonoids',
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็นŠ็ถญใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ฟใƒŸใƒณใ€ ใใ—ใฆ็‰นใซ
02:02
a chemical compound known to reduce blood pressure,
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่ก€ๅœงใ‚’ไธ‹ใ’ใ€
02:05
and improve brain and heart health.
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่„ณใจๅฟƒ่‡“ใฎๅฅๅบทใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€Œใƒ•ใƒฉใƒœใƒŽใ‚คใƒ‰ใ€ใชใฉใ€่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:07
No wonder then that when Dr Michael Mosley,
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02:10
presenter of BBC Radio 4 programme Just One Thing,
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BBC ใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ช 4 ใฎ็•ช็ต„ใ€Œ Just One Thingใ€ใฎๅธไผš่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฑใƒซใƒปใƒขใ‚บใƒฌใƒผๅšๅฃซใŒใ€
02:14
wanted a snack to eat, he reached for an apple.
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ใŠใ‚„ใคใŒ้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใจใใ€ ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใซๆ‰‹ใ‚’ไผธใฐใ—ใŸใฎใ‚‚ไธๆ€่ญฐใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:19
It's early afternoon and I'm bit peckish,
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ๅˆๅพŒใฎๆ—ฉใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฐ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€
02:22
so I'm about to grab a delicious snack that could improve my blood flow,
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่ก€ๆตใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใ€
02:27
boost my brain and trim my waistline.
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่„ณใ‚’ๆดปๆ€งๅŒ–ใ—ใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ๆ•ดใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใ‚นใƒŠใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:31
Mm. This is not some exotic superfood.
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ใ‚“ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ใ—ใ„ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:36
In fact, it's an apple.
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ๅฎŸใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:38
Dr Mosley wanted something to eat because he was 'peckish', a little bit hungry.
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ใƒขใ‚บใƒชใƒผๅšๅฃซใฏใ€Œๅฐ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใŸใ€ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงไฝ•ใ‹้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
02:44
He wanted something healthy, but chose an apple
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ๅฝผใฏๅฅๅบท็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใƒ–ใƒซใƒผใƒ™ใƒชใƒผใ‚„ใƒใƒŠใƒŠใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚ธใƒผใชใฉใฎ
02:47
instead of exotic superfoods like blueberries or a banana smoothie.
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ใ‚จใ‚ญใ‚พใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใชใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใงใฏใชใใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ‚’้ธใณใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
02:52
If you call something 'exotic', you mean it's unusual and exciting,
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ญใ‚พใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใจๅ‘ผใถๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ็ใ—ใใฆๅˆบๆฟ€็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€
02:56
often because it comes from an unfamiliar place.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ฆ‹็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใฌๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ ใ€‚
02:59
Instead, he ate the least exotic fruit I can imagine โ€” the humble apple.
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ๅฝผใฏ็งใŒๆƒณๅƒใงใใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚็ใ—ใ„ๆžœ็‰ฉใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ๅœฐๅ‘ณใชใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:05
But Dr Moseley thinks apples do have health benefits and he lists them.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒขใƒผใ‚บใƒชใƒผๅšๅฃซใฏใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใซใฏ ๅฅๅบทไธŠใฎๅˆฉ็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅˆ—ๆŒ™ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:11
Apples improve blood flow, boost the brain and 'trim the waistline',
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใฏ่ก€ๆตใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใ€ ่„ณใ‚’ๆดปๆ€งๅŒ–ใ—ใ€
03:16
a phrase which means to keep a healthy body weight with no extra fat.
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ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใช่„‚่‚ชใฎใชใ„ๅฅๅบท็š„ใชไฝ“้‡ใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ€Œใ‚ฆใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ๆ•ดใˆใ‚‹ใ€ๅŠนๆžœใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:21
Yes, one reason apples are so good for us
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใŒ็งใŸใกใซใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„็†็”ฑใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€
03:24
is that the skin is packed with flavonoids,
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็šฎใซ ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒœใƒŽใ‚คใƒ‰ใŒ่ฑŠๅฏŒใซๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒœใƒŽใ‚คใƒ‰ใฏใ€
03:27
which help people lose weight and have even been linked to a longer life.
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ไบบใ€…ใฎไฝ“้‡ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใ€ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏ้•ทๅฏฟใซใ‚‚ใคใชใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:31
But that's not all.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใซใฏ
03:33
It's the fact that there are so many different ways
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช
03:35
of cooking and eating apples which makes them one of the nation's favourite foods.
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่ชฟ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใจ้ฃŸในๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฎ 1 ใคใจใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ BBC Sounds ใฎ Just One Thing ใซๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใ€
03:40
Here's Dr Moseley again, explaining how he likes to eat his apples
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ใƒขใƒผใ‚บใƒชใƒผๅšๅฃซใŒ ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฅฝใใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
03:45
to Just One Thing on BBC Sounds.
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ใ€‚
03:48
What I love about apples is they are so versatile.
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็งใŒใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใฎๅฅฝใใชใจใ“ใ‚ใฏใ€ ใจใฆใ‚‚็”จ้€”ใŒๅบƒใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:51
I've been snacking on them, grating them into my porridge
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚ŠใŠใ‚ใ—ใฆ ใŠ็ฒฅใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ€ใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใ—ใฆ
03:56
and having them sliced with full fat yoghurt as a dessert.
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ๅ…จ่„‚่‚ชใƒจใƒผใ‚ฐใƒซใƒˆใจไธ€็ท’ใซใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใจใ—ใฆ้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:59
But baked apples are one of my favourite ways to consume them.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็„ผใใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใฏ ็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใฎๆถˆ่ฒปๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ 1
04:03
It seems an apple a day really does keep the doctor away
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ๆ—ฅ1ๅ€‹ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใฏ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅŒป่€…ใ„ใ‚‰ใšใงใ€
04:06
and also keeps your heart, gut and even your waistline in good shape.
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ๅฟƒ่‡“ใ€่…ธ ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏใ‚ฆใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ•ใˆใ‚‚่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็Šถๆ…‹ใซไฟใคใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:11
Dr Mosley eats apples in porridge, sliced with yoghurt and even baked in the oven.
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ใƒขใ‚บใƒชใƒผๅšๅฃซใฏใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ‚’ใŠใ‹ใ‚†ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใ—ใฆ ใƒจใƒผใ‚ฐใƒซใƒˆใจไธ€็ท’ใซ้ฃŸในใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ใƒณใง็„ผใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:18
He describes them as 'versatile' โ€”
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ๅฝผใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ€Œๅคš็”จ้€”ใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
04:21
things which can be used for many different purposes
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็›ฎ็š„
04:23
or in many different ways.
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ใ‚„ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:26
What's more, cooking or baking apples doesn't damage those healthy flavonoids,
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ‚’่ชฟ็†ใ—ใŸใ‚Š็„ผใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฅๅบท็š„ใชใƒ•ใƒฉใƒœใƒŽใ‚คใƒ‰ใฏๆใชใ‚ใ‚Œใชใ„
04:31
so even the occasional apple crumble with custard can be good for you.
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ซใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆทปใˆใŸใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒณใƒ–ใƒซใ‚’ๆ™‚ๆŠ˜้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚‚ ๅฅๅบทใซ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:36
Apple crumble and custard, mm.
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ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒณใƒ–ใƒซใจใ‚ซใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ‰ใ€mmใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œๅฅๅบทใซ
04:39
I'm not so sure that's a way to 'get in good shape',
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ใชใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
04:42
a phrase meaning healthy or in good condition.
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ๅฅๅบท ใ‚„่‰ฏใ„็Šถๆ…‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:45
But, Neil, it seems the old proverb is true.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€ๅคใ„ใ“ใจใ‚ใ–ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใญ ใ€‚
04:49
According to the science, an apple a day really does keep the doctor away.
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็ง‘ๅญฆใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€1ๆ—ฅ1ๅ€‹ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใฏ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅŒป่€…ใ„ใ‚‰ใšใ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:53
Right, it's time to reveal the answer to your question.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใŒๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:57
Yes, I asked you about the strange-sounding names
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ใฏใ„ใ€
05:00
given to some varieties of English apple.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ“็จฎใซไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใช้Ÿฟใใฎๅๅ‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:03
And I said that a golden Pippin was the name of a real apple. So was I right?
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ€้ป„้‡‘ใฎใƒ”ใƒ”ใƒณใฏ ๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใฎๅๅ‰ใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใง็งใฏๆญฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:08
Yes, you were. Golden Pippin apples were first grown in Arundel,
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ดใƒผใƒซใƒ‡ใƒณ ใƒ”ใƒ”ใƒณ ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ๅ—ๆตทๅฒธ่ฟ‘ใใฎ ใ‚ขใƒฉใƒณใƒ‡ใƒซใงๆœ€ๅˆใซๆ ฝๅŸนใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใŒ
05:12
near the south coast of England, while the other two, Black Worcester
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ใ€ ไป–ใฎ 2 ใคใฎใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใ‚ฆใƒผใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผ
05:16
and Taylor's gold, are actually types of English pear.
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ใจใƒ†ใ‚คใƒฉใƒผใ‚บ ใ‚ดใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใฏ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅ ใƒŠใ‚ทใฎไธ€็จฎใงใ™ใ€‚
05:20
Right, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned from this programme,
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงๅญฆใ‚“ใ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:23
starting with 'proverb',
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ใ€Œใ“ใจใ‚ใ–ใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
05:25
a short sentence or expression giving some well-known, traditional advice.
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ใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸไผ็ตฑ็š„ใชใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹็Ÿญใ„ๆ–‡ใ‚„่กจ็พใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:29
If you're feeling 'peckish', you're slightly hungry.
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ใ€Œๅฐ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใŸใ€ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:32
The adjective 'exotic' describes something which is unusual and exciting,
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ใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ญใ‚พใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏใ€็ใ—ใใฆๅˆบๆฟ€็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:37
often because it comes from a faraway place.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ้ ใ้›ขใ‚ŒใŸๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
05:40
The phrase 'trim the waistline' means to keep your body weight healthy,
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ใ€Œใ‚ฆใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ๆ•ดใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฆใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š่…ฐใ‚ˆใ‚ŠไธŠใฎไฝ“ใฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใซไฝ™ๅˆ†ใช่„‚่‚ชใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใšใซใ€ ๅฅๅบท็š„ใชไฝ“้‡ใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
05:44
with no extra fat around your 'waistline', the area of your body above the hips.
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ใ€‚
05:50
Something which is 'versatile'
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ใ€Œๅคš็”จ้€”ใ€ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€
05:52
can be used for many purposes or in many different ways.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็›ฎ็š„ ใ‚„ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:55
And finally, if someone is in 'good shape', they're in a good state of health.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œ ไฝ“่ชฟใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎไบบใฏๅฅๅบท็Šถๆ…‹ใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸ
06:00
Once again, our six minutes are up. Bye for now.
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ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ 6 ๅˆ†ใŒ็ตŒ้Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใˆใšใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
06:03
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
06:05
6 Minute English.
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6ๅˆ†้–“ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€‚
06:06
From BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning Englishใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€‚
06:10
Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ BBC Learning English ใฎ 6 Minute English ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
06:14
And I'm Sam.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ‚ตใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:15
Kalettes, CauliShoots and Tenderstems. Can you guess what they are, Sam?
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ใ‚ซใƒฌใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใ‚ซใƒชใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใƒ„ใ€ใƒ†ใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ตใƒ ๏ผŸ
06:22
Hm, well, they sound like the names of pop groups to me.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ ็งใซใฏใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎๅๅ‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:25
Ah, yes, well, good guess, but, in fact, the truth is even stranger.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ๆŽจๆธฌใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€็œŸๅฎŸใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:29
They're varieties of vegetable
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€
06:32
being grown in the UK by a new generation of fruit and veg growers.
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่‹ฑๅ›ฝใง ๆ–ฐไธ–ไปฃใฎๆžœ็‰ฉใ‚„้‡Ž่œใฎ็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆ ฝๅŸนใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹้‡Ž่œใฎๅ“็จฎใงใ™ใ€‚
06:37
Forget traditional carrots, leeks and potatoes.
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ไผ็ตฑ็š„ใชใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ธใƒณใ€ใƒใ‚ฎใ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒขใฎใ“ใจใฏๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
06:40
Vegetables today are getting a modern makeover thanks to breeding methods
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ้‡Ž่œใฏใ€
06:44
which mix two different plants to produce something completely new,
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2ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆค็‰ฉใ‚’ๆททๅˆใ—ใฆ
06:49
known as a 'hybrid'.
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ใ€Œใƒใ‚คใƒ–ใƒชใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€ใจใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใพใฃใŸใๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ™ๅ“็จฎๆ”น่‰ฏๆณ•ใฎใŠใ‹ใ’ใงใ€็พไปฃ็š„ใชๅงฟใซ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:50
The hybrid Kalette, for example, is a mix between kale and a Brussels sprout.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ–ใƒชใƒƒใƒ‰ ใ‚ซใƒฌใƒƒใƒˆใฏใ€ ใ‚ฑใƒผใƒซใจ่Šฝใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ™ใƒ„ใ‚’ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
06:56
Tenderstems are a mix of traditional broccoli with a type of Chinese kale.
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ใƒ†ใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใฏใ€ไผ็ตฑ็š„ใช ใƒ–ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ณใƒชใƒผใจไธญๅ›ฝใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใƒซใฎไธ€็จฎใ‚’ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
07:02
And CauliShoots are small, green stems
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ซใƒชใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใƒˆใฏๅฐใ•ใช็ท‘่‰ฒใฎ่ŒŽ
07:04
with mini cauliflower heads shooting out the side.
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ใงใ€ๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ซใƒชใƒ•ใƒฉใƒฏใƒผใฎ้ ญใŒ ๆจชใซ็ชใๅ‡บใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไผ็ตฑ็š„ใช้‡Ž่œใจใฏ่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใŒๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹
07:08
These exciting new varieties,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅˆบๆฟ€็š„ใชๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ“็จฎใฏใ€
07:10
which look very different from traditional vegetables,
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07:13
are increasingly popular on farms, in shops and in restaurants across the UK.
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่‹ฑๅ›ฝๅ…จๅœŸใฎ่พฒๅ ดใ€ๅบ—่ˆ—ใ€ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใงใพใ™ใพใ™ไบบๆฐ—ใŒ้ซ˜ใพใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:19
In this programme, we'll hear all about these new vegetables
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ใ“ใฎ็•ช็ต„ใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„้‡Ž่œ
07:22
and the people who grow, cook and eat them.
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ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใ€่ชฟ็†ใ— ใ€้ฃŸในใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใซใคใ„ใฆใ™ในใฆ่žใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:25
And as usual, we'll be learning some new vocabulary as well.
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ใใ—ใฆใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚‚ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
07:29
Sounds good, Sam, but, first, I have a question for you.
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€ ใงใ‚‚ใพใšใ€่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑๅ›ฝใง
07:33
One of the first hybrids on sale in the UK was named Cotton Candy
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่ฒฉๅฃฒใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆœ€ๅˆใฎไบค้…็จฎใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€ใใฎ็”˜ใ„ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒฉใƒกใƒซ้ขจๅ‘ณใฎใŸใ‚ ใ‚ณใƒƒใƒˆใƒณ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใจๅไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
07:38
because of its sweet, caramel flavour,
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07:40
but is Cotton Candy a) a cherry? b) a strawberry? Or c) a grape?
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ใ‚ณใƒƒใƒˆใƒณ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃ a) ใฏใƒใ‚งใƒชใƒผใงใ™ใ‹? b) ใ‚คใƒใ‚ด? ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ c) ใƒ–ใƒ‰ใ‚ฆ?
07:46
Well, if it's sweet, I'll guess it's a strawberry.
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ใพใ‚ใ€็”˜ใ„ใชใ‚‰ ใ‚คใƒใ‚ดใ‹ใชใ€‚
07:49
OK, well, we'll reveal the answer later in the programme.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏ ็•ช็ต„ใฎๅพŒๅŠใงๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:54
The Kalettes which Sam mentioned earlier
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ใ‚ตใƒ ใŒๅ…ˆใปใฉ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚ซใƒฌใƒƒใƒˆใฏใ€
07:56
were introduced to the British market in 2010 under the name Flower Sprouts.
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒฏใƒผ ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒˆใจใ„ใ†ๅๅ‰ใง 2010 ๅนดใซ่‹ฑๅ›ฝๅธ‚ๅ ดใซๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ชฟ็†ใ—ใฆใ‚‚็”Ÿใงใ‚‚้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹
08:01
They were advertised as a healthy vegetable
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ๅฅๅบท็š„ใช้‡Ž่œใจใ—ใฆๅฎฃไผใ•ใ‚Œใ€
08:04
that could be cooked or eaten raw and became extremely popular.
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้žๅธธใซไบบๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:08
The inventor of the Kalette is Jamie Claxton,
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ใ‚ซใƒฌใƒƒใƒˆใฎ็™บๆ˜Ž่€…ใฏใ€
08:11
one of the UK's top seed producers and head of plant breeding firm Tozer Seeds.
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่‹ฑๅ›ฝใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใฎ็จฎๅญ็”Ÿ็”ฃ่€…ใฎไธ€ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๆค็‰ฉ่‚ฒ็จฎไผš็คพใƒˆใƒผใ‚ถใƒผใƒปใ‚ทใƒผใ‚บใฎ็คพ้•ทใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒŸใƒผใƒปใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒˆใƒณๆฐใงใ™ใ€‚
08:17
Here's Jamie chatting with Leyla Kazim,
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ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒŸใƒผใจ
08:19
presenter of BBC Radio 4's The Food Programme.
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BBCใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ช4ใฎ ใ‚ถใƒปใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใƒปใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใƒฌใ‚คใƒฉใƒปใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒ ใจใฎไผš่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚
08:24
And so how did the idea of the Kalette even come about in the first place?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใใ‚‚ใใ‚‚ใ‚ซใƒฌใƒƒใƒˆใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆ ็”Ÿใพใ‚ŒใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ็งใŸใกใฏใ€
08:30
We do quite a lot of blue-sky breeding
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08:32
where we just try wacky stuff and see what happens.
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ๅฅ‡ๆŠœใชใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆ ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ€้’็ฉบ่‚ฒ็จฎใ‚’ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅคšใ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:34
Were you looking at a sprout and a kale
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ๆ–ฐ่Šฝใ‚„ใ‚ฑใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ
08:36
and going, "I can do something exciting with this"?
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ใ€ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใงไฝ•ใ‹้ข็™ฝใ„ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
08:38
We were looking at the whole of the Brassica family.
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็งใŸใกใฏ ใ‚ขใƒ–ใƒฉใƒŠ็ง‘ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’่ฆณๅฏŸใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:39
Those are all Brassica oleracea, Brussels sprouts, kales, cauliflowers.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€ใ‚ขใƒ–ใƒฉใƒŠใ€ ่Šฝใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ™ใƒ„ใ€ใ‚ฑใƒผใƒซใ€ใ‚ซใƒชใƒ•ใƒฉใƒฏใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
08:42
And just thinking how, obviously,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ่€ƒใˆใŸใฎใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ€
08:45
we knew they would cross-pollinate easily and produce unusual veg
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใซไป–ๅฎถๅ—็ฒ‰ใ—ใฆ ็ใ—ใ„้‡Ž่œใ‚’็”Ÿ็”ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€
08:48
and we were just kind of thinking we need to create something that's more modern,
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็พไปฃ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:52
you know, Brussels sprouts and kales are very traditional.
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่Šฝใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ™ใƒ„ใจใ‚ฑใƒผใƒซใฏ ้žๅธธใซไผ็ตฑ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
08:55
Throw a few things in together in a mixing pot
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใƒŸใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ฐใƒใƒƒใƒˆใซไธ€็ท’ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€
08:57
โ€” and see what comes out. โ€” Yeah!
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ไฝ•ใŒๅ‡บใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ - ใ†ใ‚“๏ผ
08:59
Jamie says Kalettes were the result of 'blue-sky breeding'.
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒŸใƒผใฏใ€ใ‚ซใƒฌใƒƒใƒˆใฏใ€Œ้’็ฉบ็นๆฎ–ใ€ใฎ็ตๆžœใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
09:03
This phrase comes from another expression, 'blue-sky thinking',
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ใ“ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏ ใ€
09:07
which means using your imagination
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ๆƒณๅƒๅŠ›ใ‚’้ง†ไฝฟใ—ใฆ
09:09
to try to come up with completely new and original ideas.
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ใพใฃใŸใๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’่€ƒใˆๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ€Œ้’็ฉบๆ€่€ƒใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅˆฅใฎ่กจ็พใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:13
Some of Jamie's plants were 'wacky' โ€” unusual in a funny or surprising way.
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒŸใƒผใฎๆค็‰ฉใฎไธญใซใฏใ€Œๅฅ‡ๆŠœใ€ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ้ฉšใในใๆ„ๅ‘ณใง็ใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:19
But this was all part of the fun of breeding and growing new vegetables.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใ™ในใฆ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„้‡Ž่œใ‚’ๅ“็จฎๆ”น่‰ฏใ—ใฆ่‚ฒใฆใ‚‹ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:23
Jamie threw his ideas into the 'mixing pot',
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒŸใƒผใฏใ€
09:26
a place where different ideas mingle together to create something new.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒๆททใ–ใ‚Šๅˆใฃใฆ ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ™ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ŒใƒŸใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ฐใƒใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:31
Hybrid vegetables add exciting new colours and tastes to traditional veg,
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ–ใƒชใƒƒใƒ‰้‡Ž่œใฏใ€ใƒฌใ‚คใƒณใƒœใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใƒซใฎๆทฑใ„็ดซ่‰ฒใฎ่‘‰ใ‚„ใ‚ซใƒชใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใƒˆใฎ็”˜ใใฆใƒŠใƒƒใƒ„ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้ขจๅ‘ณใชใฉ ใ€ไผ็ตฑ็š„ใช้‡Ž่œใซๅˆบๆฟ€็š„ใชๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่‰ฒใจๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใพใ™
09:36
such as the deep purple leaves of rainbow kale,
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09:39
or the sweet, nutty flavour of a CauliShoot.
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ใ€‚
09:43
As a result, they have become fashionable with many British chefs,
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ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒณใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซใฎๆตท่พบใฎ็”บใƒ‘ใƒ‰ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚ฆใงใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚’็ตŒๅ–ถใ™ใ‚‹
09:47
including Jack Stein, son of TV chef Rick,
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ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ•ใฎใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎๆฏๅญใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒปใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ใ€ๅคšใใฎ่‹ฑๅ›ฝไบบใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ•ใฎ้–“ใงๆต่กŒใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
09:50
who runs a restaurant in the seaside town of Padstow in Cornwall.
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ใ€‚
09:54
Here's presenter of BBC Radio 4's The Food Programme, Leyla Kazim, again,
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€BBC ใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ช 4 ใฎ ใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใฎๅธไผš่€…ใ€ใƒฌใ‚คใƒฉ ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒ ใŒๅ†ใณใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„้‡Ž่œใฎไฝœใ‚Šๆ–น
09:59
talking to Jack about what makes a great new vegetable.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ธใƒฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:04
When you're looking at new varieties of veg, are there any particular traits
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ“็จฎใฎ้‡Ž่œใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ ใ€
10:08
that you're looking for that will help in the kitchen?
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ใ‚ญใƒƒใƒใƒณใงๅฝน็ซ‹ใค็‰นๅฎšใฎ็‰นๆ€งใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
10:12
I mean, obviously it's going to be down to taste, really,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซ ๅ‘ณใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆฑบใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ—ใ€
10:14
and it's gonna be down to what it looks like on the plate,
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็šฟใฎไธŠใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆฑบใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:18
so the colour, the texture, the taste, all these things are really important.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่‰ฒใ€่ณชๆ„Ÿใ€ๅ‘ณใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
10:21
But I think novelty and things like the Kalettes were great.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€็›ฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ•ใ‚„ใ‚ซใƒฌใƒƒใƒˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:24
I mean, they were originally called Flower Sprouts.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚‚ใจใ‚‚ใจใฏ่Šฑใฎ่Šฝใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
10:27
Jack names two features of great hybrid veg.
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ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใ€ๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใƒใ‚คใƒ–ใƒชใƒƒใƒ‰้‡Ž่œใฎ็‰นๅพดใ‚’ 2 ใคๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:31
First, there's the 'texture', the way something feels when you touch it.
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ใพใšใ€ใ€Œ่ณชๆ„Ÿใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ่งฆใฃใŸใจใใฎๆ„Ÿ่งฆใงใ™ใ€‚
10:35
And second 'novelty', the fact that something is new and unusual.
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ใใ—ใฆ2็•ช็›ฎใฎใ€Œๆ–ฐ่ฆๆ€งใ€ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๆ–ฐใ—ใใฆ็ใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ€‚
10:40
Added to the surprising way many new varieties look
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ๅคšใใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ“็จฎใฎ้ฉšใในใ่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎ
10:43
and, of course, their great taste, modern vegetables have provided
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ใจใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅ‘ณใซๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ ็พไปฃใฎ้‡Ž่œใฏ
10:48
a welcome new addition to traditional British cooking.
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ไผ็ตฑ็š„ใช่‹ฑๅ›ฝๆ–™็†ใซๆญ“่ฟŽใ™ในใๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ฟฝๅŠ ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:52
And don't forget the unusual names too, Sam,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€็งใŒ่ณชๅ•ใง่ณชๅ•ใ—ใŸใ‚ณใƒƒใƒˆใƒณใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ใ—ใ„ๅๅ‰ใ‚‚ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
10:55
like the Cotton Candy fruit I asked you about in my question.
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ใ€‚
10:58
Yes, I guessed Cotton Candys were a new variety of strawberry. Was I right?
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚ใŸใ‚ใ‚ใฏ ใ‚คใƒใ‚ดใฎๆ–ฐๅ“็จฎใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏๆญฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:04
You were wrong, I'm afraid, Sam.
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ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€‚
11:07
In fact, Cotton Candy is a variety of grape,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ‚ณใƒƒใƒˆใƒณ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใฏ ใƒ–ใƒ‰ใ‚ฆใฎๅ“็จฎใงใ€
11:09
so called because they're very sweet and taste like you've been to the fairground.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚็”˜ใใฆ้Šๅœ’ๅœฐใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ‘ณใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ†ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
11:14
OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned
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ใ•ใฆใ€
11:17
from this programme about new vegetable hybrids,
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„้‡Ž่œใƒใ‚คใƒ–ใƒชใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
11:20
plants which have been grown by mixing two different plants together.
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2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆค็‰ฉใ‚’ๆททใœๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆๆ ฝๅŸนใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆค็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงๅญฆใ‚“ใ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:25
'Blue-sky thinking' involves using your imagination
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ใ€Œ้’็ฉบๆ€่€ƒใ€ใซใฏใ€ ๆƒณๅƒๅŠ›ใ‚’
11:28
to try and think up original ideas.
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้ง†ไฝฟใ—ใฆ็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’่€ƒใˆๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
11:31
Something which is unusual in a funny or surprising way
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้ข็™ฝใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ้ฉšใในใ็‚นใง็ใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€
11:34
could be described as 'wacky'.
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ใ€Œๅฅ‡ๆŠœใ€ใจ่กจ็พใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:37
The 'mixing pot' is a place where different ideas or ingredients
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ใ€ŒใƒŸใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ฐใƒใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใฏใ€ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚„ๆๆ–™ใ‚’
11:40
get mixed to create something new.
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ๆททใœๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ™ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:43
And 'texture' means the way something feels when you touch it.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ่ณชๆ„Ÿใ€ใจใฏใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซ่งฆใ‚ŒใŸใจใใฎๆ„Ÿ่งฆใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:47
And, finally, 'novelty' is the quality of being new or unusual.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œๆ–ฐ่ฆๆ€งใ€ใจใฏใ€ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ็ใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ€ง่ณชใงใ™ใ€‚
11:52
If you've enjoyed this programme,
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ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ–ใƒชใƒƒใƒ‰้‡Ž่œใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใง
11:54
why not take the taste test by cooking some hybrid vegetables yourself?
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่ชฟ็†ใ—ใฆๅ‘ณ่ฆšใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใฟใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ?
11:59
And remember to join us again soon for more trending topics
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ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใ“ 6 Minute English ใงใ€ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใƒˆใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏ
12:02
and useful vocabulary, here at 6 Minute English.
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ใ‚„ๅฝน็ซ‹ใค่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€ใœใฒใพใŸใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
12:06
โ€” Goodbye for now. โ€” Bye-bye.
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โ€” ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚ - ใƒใ‚คใƒใ‚คใ€‚
12:09
6 Minute English
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12:10
from BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning English ใฎ 6 Minute Englishใ€‚
12:14
Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Sam.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€BBC Learning English ใฎ 6 Minute English ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ตใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:18
And I'm Neil.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
12:19
In this programme, we're finding out all about food flavours.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใฏใ€ ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฎๅ‘ณใซใคใ„ใฆใ™ในใฆใ‚’่ชฟในใพใ™ใ€‚
12:23
Although everyone knows what food they like the taste of,
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่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ† ใŒใฉใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฎๅ‘ณใŒๅฅฝใใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
12:26
the science behind flavours is complex.
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ๅ‘ณใฎ่ƒŒๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚‹็ง‘ๅญฆใฏ่ค‡้›‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:29
Flavour involves much more than tasting with the tongue,
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้ขจๅ‘ณใซใฏ ่ˆŒใงๅ‘ณใ‚ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใใ€
12:32
it's also influenced by how food looks, smells, and even how it's described.
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฎ่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใ€ ๅŒ‚ใ„ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏ่กจ็พๆ–นๆณ•ใซใ‚‚ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
12:38
In this programme, we'll be meeting the 'flavourists',
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ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใฏใ€
12:40
scientists who combine different natural and artificial ingredients
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช ๅคฉ็„ถใŠใ‚ˆใณไบบๅทฅใฎๅŽŸๆ–™ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใง
12:45
to create the flavours we love to taste in our food.
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ๅ‘ณใ‚ใ„ใŸใ„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šๅ‡บใ™็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ€ใซไผšใ„ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ ใ€‚
12:48
And, of course, we'll be learning some new vocabulary as well.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚‚ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:51
Sounds delicious, Neil, but, first, I have a question for you.
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็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€ ใงใ‚‚ใพใšใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ
12:55
No-one really knows why, but certain flavours seem to work well together.
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็†็”ฑใฏ่ชฐใซใ‚‚ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใฏ็›ธๆ€งใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:00
Some scientists think classic combinations like lemon and lime
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็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใฎไธญใซใฏใ€ ใƒฌใƒขใƒณใจใƒฉใ‚คใƒ ใ€
13:04
or strawberries and cream are so popular
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ใ‚คใƒใ‚ดใจใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใชใฉใฎๅคๅ…ธ็š„ใช็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใŒไบบๆฐ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€
13:07
because their chemicals overlap in special ways.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŒ–ๅญฆ็‰ฉ่ณชใŒ ็‰นๅˆฅใชๆ–นๆณ•ใง้‡ใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:11
Sometimes this creates new, interesting and unusual flavours.
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ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ–ฐใ—ใใ€ ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ€็ใ—ใ„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใŒไฝœๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:15
So what weirdly popular combination
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ใงใฏใ€
13:17
was invented by British chef Heston Blumenthal?
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่‹ฑๅ›ฝไบบใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ•ใฎ ใƒ˜ใ‚นใƒˆใƒณใƒปใƒ–ใƒซใƒกใƒณใ‚ฝใƒผใƒซใŒ่€ƒๆกˆใ—ใŸใ€ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซไบบๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
13:21
Was it a) dark chocolate and sea salt? b) milk chocolate and chilli?
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ใใ‚Œใฏ a) ใƒ€ใƒผใ‚ฏใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใจๆตทๅกฉใงใ—ใŸใ‹? b) ใƒŸใƒซใ‚ฏใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใจใƒใƒช?
13:26
Or c) white chocolate and caviar?
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ใพใŸใฏ c) ใƒ›ใƒฏใ‚คใƒˆใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใจใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ“ใ‚ข?
13:29
Well, I've tried sea salt and chocolate, I think it tastes great, so I'll say A.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๆตทๅกฉใจใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€A ใจ็ญ”ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€
13:34
OK, Neil, I'll reveal the correct answer at the end of the programme.
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ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€ๆญฃ่งฃใฏ ็•ช็ต„ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซ็™บ่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:38
Nowadays, the flavour industry is big business.
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็พๅœจใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผๆฅญ็•Œใฏ ๅคงใใชใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใจใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:41
Flavourists work in high-tech laboratories,
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ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใฏ ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฏ็ ”็ฉถๅฎคใงๅƒใ„ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
13:44
and every new ice cream, crisp or toothpaste flavour
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ€ ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒ—ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆญฏ็ฃจใ็ฒ‰ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใฏใ™ในใฆใ€
13:48
is the result of years of scientific research.
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้•ทๅนด ใซใ‚ใŸใ‚‹็ง‘ๅญฆ็ ”็ฉถใฎ็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚
13:51
But it wasn't always like that.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใใ†ใ ใฃใŸใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:53
Here's food historian Dr Nadia Berenstein
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€้ฃŸๅ“ๆญดๅฒๅฎถใฎใƒŠใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใƒปใƒ™ใƒฌใƒณใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒณๅšๅฃซใŒใ€BBCใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใƒปใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใƒปใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ€Œใ‚ถใƒปใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใƒปใƒใ‚งใƒผใƒณใ€ใฎๅธไผš่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒซใƒผใ‚นใƒปใ‚ขใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ตใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใซ19ไธ–็ด€ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผ็”ฃๆฅญ
13:56
describing the beginnings of the flavour industry in the 19th century
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ใฎๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
14:00
to Ruth Alexander, presenter of the BBC World Service Programme, The Food Chain.
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ใ€‚
14:06
There's really only a handful of people
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ้–ขใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใปใ‚“ใฎไธ€ๆกใ‚Šใฎไบบใ€…ใ€
14:08
and maybe a dozen or so companies that are really involved.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅๆ•ฐ็คพใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚
14:12
And at that point, they really are kind of working with secret recipes
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ใใ—ใฆใใฎๆ™‚็‚นใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใฎใƒฌใ‚ทใƒ”ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ใใฎใƒฌใ‚ทใƒ”ใฏ
14:16
that were kept very secure and sometimes passed down
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้žๅธธใซๅฎ‰ๅ…จใซไฟ็ฎกใ•ใ‚Œ ใ€ๆ™‚ใซใฏ
14:20
within families from father to son.
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ๅฎถๆ—ๅ†…ใง็ˆถ่ฆชใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฏๅญใธใจๅ—ใ‘็ถ™ใŒใ‚Œใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:23
So it really seemed like a guild structure from the Middle Ages at that point.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝ“ๆ™‚ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไธญไธ–ใฎใ‚ฎใƒซใƒ‰ๆง‹้€ ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
14:29
Was it seen as some kind of dark art?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎ้—‡ใฎ่Šธ่ก“ใจใ—ใฆ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
14:33
Yes, the term 'black art' does come up
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใƒผใƒˆใ€ใจใ„ใ†็”จ่ชžใฏใ€
14:37
in some of the early writing of people who are producing flavours at this point.
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็พๆ™‚็‚นใงใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใฎๅˆๆœŸใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใฎไธ€้ƒจใซๅ‡บใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:44
To begin with, there were only around a 'dozen', that's 12,
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ใใ‚‚ใใ‚‚ใ€้ฃŸๅ“ใฎ้ขจๅ‘ณใ‚’
14:48
companies experimenting with food flavours.
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ๅฎŸ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไผๆฅญใฏใ‚ใšใ‹ใ€Œ12ใ€็จ‹ๅบฆใ€ใคใพใ‚Š 12 ็คพใ—ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
14:52
The recipes they used were kept secret
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใƒฌใ‚ทใƒ”ใฏ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใซใ•ใ‚Œ
14:54
and only shared with family or trusted friends.
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ใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใพใŸใฏไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹ๅ‹ไบบใจใฎใฟๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใƒ™ใƒฌใƒณ
14:57
Dr Berenstein compares these companies to a 'guild',
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒณๅšๅฃซใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไผๆฅญใ‚’ใ€
15:01
an organisation of people who do the same job, or have the same interests.
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ๅŒใ˜ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅŒใ˜่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคไบบใ€…ใฎ็ต„็น”ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œใ‚ฎใƒซใƒ‰ใ€ใซๅ–ฉใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
15:05
Because it was so secretive and mysterious,
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้žๅธธใซ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใง็ฅž็ง˜็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ ใฃใŸใŸใ‚ ใ€
15:08
people saw making flavours as a 'dark art',
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ไบบใ€…ใฏใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ ใ€Œ้—‡ใฎ่Šธ่ก“ใ€ใ€
15:12
a method of achieving something in a clever, but dishonest or wicked way.
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ใคใพใ‚Š่ณขใ„ใŒไธ่ช ๅฎŸใพใŸใฏ้‚ชๆ‚ชใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฟใชใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:16
But all this changed after the Second World War,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็ฌฌ ไบŒๆฌกไธ–็•ŒๅคงๆˆฆๅพŒใ€
15:19
when the invention of 'processed food',
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15:21
which could be bought in supermarkets and kept fresh at home in the fridge,
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ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใง่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใ€ ่‡ชๅฎ…ใฎๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใงๆ–ฐ้ฎฎใชใพใพไฟๅญ˜ใงใใ‚‹ใ€ŒๅŠ ๅทฅ้ฃŸๅ“ใ€ใฎ็™บๆ˜Žใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€
15:25
increased the demand for new and exciting flavours.
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใๅˆบๆฟ€็š„ใชๅ‘ณใธใฎ้œ€่ฆใŒๅข—ๅŠ ใ—ใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ BBC ใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚น ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ€Œใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ ใƒใ‚งใƒผใƒณใ€ใงใ€ใƒ™ใƒฌใƒณ
15:29
Here's Dr Berenstein again explaining the work of present-day flavourists
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ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒณๅšๅฃซใŒ็พไปฃใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๅ†ใณ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
15:34
to BBC World Service Programme The Food Chain.
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ใ€‚
15:37
So essentially becoming a flavourist today is still an apprenticeship process.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใงใ‚‚ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆœฌ่ณช็š„ใซใฏ ใพใ ่ฆ‹็ฟ’ใ„ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
15:43
There's no academic path to it, right?
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ใใ“ใซๅญฆๅ•ใฎ้“ใฏใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
15:46
Your training is on the job, working alongside a master flavourist
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ใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใฏๅฎŸๅœฐใง่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ€
15:52
at a flavour and fragrance company or at some of the bigger food companies,
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ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใจใƒ•ใƒฌใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใฎไผš็คพใ€ ใพใŸใฏ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผ้ƒจ้–€ใ‚’ๆŒใคไธ€้ƒจใฎๅคงๆ‰‹้ฃŸๅ“ไผš็คพใฎใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅƒใใพใ™
15:57
will have their own flavour divisions.
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ใ€‚
15:59
It's a scientific profession for sure, you have to know a lot about chemistry.
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็ขบใ‹ใซ็ง‘ๅญฆใฎ่ทๆฅญใชใฎใงใ€ ๅŒ–ๅญฆใซใคใ„ใฆๅคšใใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
16:06
But it is a creative profession.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚จใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช่ทๆฅญใงใ™ใ€‚
16:10
At the very heart of this industrial food system, there's these craft artisans,
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ใ“ใฎๅทฅๆฅญ็š„ใช ้ฃŸๅ“ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใฎไธญๅฟƒใซใฏใ€้ฃŸๅ“ใฎๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅฝขไฝœใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅฝขไฝœใ‚‹ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใ‚’ๅˆ†ๅญใ”ใจใซ
16:16
who are essentially designing the molecule by molecule,
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ๆœฌ่ณช็š„ใซ่จญ่จˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅทฅ่Šธ่ทไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™
16:20
the flavours that shape the way that food is made to taste.
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ใ€‚
16:26
Today's flavourists learn that art by serving an 'apprenticeship',
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใฏใ€ ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅญฆใถใŸใ‚ใซ็†Ÿ็ทด
16:30
a period of time spent working for a skilled master,
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ใ—ใŸใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใฎไธ‹ใงใ€
16:33
often for low payment, in order to learn their skills.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆไฝŽ่ณƒ้‡‘ใงๅƒใใ€Œ ่ฆ‹็ฟ’ใ„ใ€ใซๅพ“ไบ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใใฎ่Šธ่ก“ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
16:37
Although a background in chemistry is important,
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ๅŒ–ๅญฆใฎ่ƒŒๆ™ฏใฏ ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใŒใ€
16:40
you can't study flavours at university.
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ๅคงๅญฆใงใฏใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใถใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:42
Their training happens 'on the job', at your place of work, while you are working.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ทๅ ดใงใ€Œ็พๅ ดใงใ€่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ™ใƒฌใƒณ
16:47
Dr Berenstein calls flavourists 'craft artisans',
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒณๅšๅฃซใฏใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ ใ€Œๅทฅ่Šธ่ทไบบใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๆ‰‹ใง
16:51
people doing skilled work with their hands,
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็†Ÿ็ทดใ—ใŸไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใจๅ‘ผใณใ€
16:54
and she describes their creations as 'the marriage of science and art'.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎไฝœๅ“ใ‚’ ใ€Œ็ง‘ๅญฆใจ่Šธ่ก“ใฎ่žๅˆใ€ใจ่กจ็พใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:59
Yes, I love the idea of the flavourist as a magician,
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ใฏใ„ใ€็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŒ ้ญ”่ก“ๅธซใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
17:02
adding a pinch of this flavour or a drop of that oil
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ใ“ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใ‚’ใฒใจใคใพใฟใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใฎใ‚ชใ‚คใƒซใ‚’ไธ€ๆปดๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€
17:05
to create the perfect magical taste.
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ๅฎŒ็’งใช้ญ”ๆณ•ใฎๅ‘ณใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šๅ‡บใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
17:08
I wonder if that's what British chef Heston Blumenthal was trying to do?
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ่‹ฑๅ›ฝไบบใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ•ใ€ ใƒ˜ใ‚นใƒˆใƒณใƒปใƒ–ใƒซใƒกใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใชใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:12
In my question, I asked
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็งใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใฏใ€
17:13
what popular flavour combination was invented by chef Heston Blumenthal?
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ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ•ใฎใƒ˜ใ‚นใƒˆใƒณใƒปใƒ–ใƒซใƒกใƒณใ‚ฝใƒผใƒซใŒ่€ƒๆกˆใ—ใŸไบบๆฐ—ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?ใจๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:18
And I said it was a) dark chocolate and sea salt. So was I right?
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ a) ใƒ€ใƒผใ‚ฏใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใจๆตทๅกฉใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใง็งใฏๆญฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:23
It's true that sweet and salty flavours go together well,
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็ขบใ‹ใซ็”˜ใ„ๅ‘ณใจๅกฉ่พ›ใ„ๅ‘ณใฏใ‚ˆใ ๅˆใ„ใพใ™
17:26
but the correct answer was white chocolate and caviar,
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ใŒใ€ๆญฃ่งฃใฏ ใƒ›ใƒฏใ‚คใƒˆใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใจใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ“ใ‚ขใงใ€
17:30
a combination described by Swiss master flavourist Francois Benzi
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ใ‚นใ‚คใ‚นใฎใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฝใƒฏใƒปใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ธใŒ
17:34
as "weird but wonderful".
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ใ€Œๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใ ใ‘ใฉ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใจ่ฉ•ใ—ใŸ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:36
Right, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned,
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใ€Œ12ใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹
17:39
starting with a 'dozen', which means 'twelve'.
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ใ€Œใƒ€ใƒผใ‚นใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใซๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใŸ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
17:42
Something described as a 'dark art'
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ใ€Œ้—‡ใฎ่Šธ่ก“ใ€ใจใ—ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€
17:44
refers to a method of achieving something in a clever but dishonest way.
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ๅทงๅฆ™ใ ใŒไธ่ช ๅฎŸใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:49
A 'guild' is an organisation of people who do the same job.
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ใ€Œใ‚ฎใƒซใƒ‰ใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅŒใ˜ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใฎ็ต„็น”ใงใ™ ใ€‚
17:52
An 'apprenticeship' is the period of time an apprentice spends watching
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ใ€Œ่ฆ‹็ฟ’ใ„ใ€ใจใฏใ€่ฆ‹็ฟ’ใ„ใŒ
17:56
and working with a skilled master in order to learn their skills.
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ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅญฆใถใŸใ‚ใซใ€็†Ÿ็ทดใ—ใŸใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซๅƒใใ“ใจใซ่ฒปใ‚„ใ™ๆœŸ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:00
When you do something 'on the job',
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ใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ไธŠใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใใ€
18:02
it happens in the workplace, while you're working.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไป•ไบ‹ไธญใซ่ทๅ ดใง่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
18:05
And finally, an 'artisan' is a person doing skilled work with their hands.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œ่ทไบบใ€ใจใฏใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ‰‹ใง็†Ÿ็ทดใ—ใŸไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
18:09
Once again our six minutes are up.
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ๅ†ใณ 6 ๅˆ†ใŒ็ตŒ้Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:11
โ€” Bye for now. โ€” Bye-bye.
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- ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใˆใšใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚ - ใƒใ‚คใƒใ‚คใ€‚
18:14
6 Minute English.
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6ๅˆ†้–“ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€‚
18:15
From BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning Englishใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€‚
18:19
Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Sam.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ BBC Learning English ใฎ 6 Minute English ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ตใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:23
And I'm Rob.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใƒญใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:24
When someone feels sad or in a bad mood,
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใจใใ‚„ๆฉŸๅซŒใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใจใใ€ๅฅฝใใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง
18:27
they often try to feel better by eating their favourite food.
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ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ‚’่‰ฏใใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
18:30
I usually go for a peanut butter sandwich myself.
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็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใƒ”ใƒผใƒŠใƒƒใƒ„ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ตใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒƒใƒใ‚’้ฃŸในใซ่กŒใใพใ™ ใ€‚
18:33
Do you have a favourite comfort food, Rob?
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ใƒญใƒ–ใ€ๅฅฝใใชใƒ›ใƒƒใจใ™ใ‚‹้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:35
Maybe a cream chocolate eclair.
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ‚จใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚ขใ‹ใชใ€‚
18:38
'Comfort food' is a type of 'emotional eating',
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ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒณใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒˆใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใจใฏ ใ€Œๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็š„ใช้ฃŸไบ‹ใ€ใฎไธ€็จฎใงใ€ใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
18:42
eating lots of food because we feel sad, not because we're hungry.
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ใงใฏใชใใ€ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
18:46
But, unfortunately, most comfort food is high in carbohydrates and sugar
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใ“ใจใซใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎใƒ›ใƒƒใจใ™ใ‚‹้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซใฏ ็‚ญๆฐดๅŒ–็‰ฉใจ็ ‚็ณ–ใŒๅคšใๅซใพใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Š
18:50
and after a few minutes, it leaves us feeling even worse than before.
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ใ€ๆ•ฐๅˆ†ๅพŒใซใฏ ไปฅๅ‰ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:55
Today, scientific research into the relationship
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€
18:58
between what we eat and how we feel is growing.
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็งใŸใกใŒ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็ง‘ๅญฆ็š„็ ”็ฉถใŒ ๅข—ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:01
In this programme, we'll be investigating the connection
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ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใฏใ€
19:04
between our food and our mood.
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใจๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’่ชฟๆŸปใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:06
We'll hear how healthy eating makes us feel better
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ๅฅๅบท็š„ใช้ฃŸไบ‹ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ‚’่‰ฏใใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่žใ
19:09
and, of course, we'll be learning some new vocabulary as well.
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚‚ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
19:13
Great. But first, I have a question for you, Sam.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ€ ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒ
19:16
People who link what we eat with how we feel make a simple argument.
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้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ‚’็ตใณใคใ‘ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใฏใ€ ๅ˜็ด”ใช่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:21
The food you eat supplies nutrients and energy to the brain
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้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏ ่„ณใซๆ „้คŠ็ด ใจใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’ไพ›็ตฆใ—ใ€
19:25
and the brain controls our emotions.
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่„ณใฏ็งใŸใกใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:27
Now, that might sound simplistic,
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ๅ˜็ด”ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
19:29
but the brain is a vital link in the connection between food and our mood.
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ใŒใ€่„ณใฏ ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใจๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ‚’็ตใณใคใ‘ใ‚‹้‡่ฆใชๅฝนๅ‰ฒใ‚’ๆžœใŸใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:35
So, Sam, my question is how much of the body's total energy
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€็งใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€ ไฝ“ใฎ็ทใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใฎใ†ใกใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใŒ
19:39
is used up by the brain? Is it a) 10%? b) 20%? Or c) 30%?
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่„ณใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆถˆ่ฒปใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ a) 10%ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ b) 20%? ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ c) 30%?
19:46
That's a good question.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:47
I'll say it's a) 10%.
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a) 10% ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:50
Right, well, I'll reveal the answer later in the programme.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏ ็•ช็ต„ใฎๅพŒๅŠใงๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:54
Emotional eating is often caused by feelings of depression, anxiety or stress.
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็š„ใช้ฃŸไบ‹ใฏใ€ ใ†ใค็—…ใ€ไธๅฎ‰ใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:59
Chef Danny Edwards, who has suffered with depression,
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ใ†ใค็—…ใ‚’ๆ‚ฃใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ•ใฎใƒ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒปใ‚จใƒ‰ใƒฏใƒผใ‚บใฏใ€่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹้™ใ‚Š
20:02
works in one of the most stressful places imaginable, a busy restaurant kitchen.
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎๅคšใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฎใ‚ญใƒƒใƒใƒณใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
20:08
BBC World Service programme The Food Chain
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BBC ใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใฎ็•ช็ต„ใ€Œ ใ‚ถ ใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ ใƒใ‚งใƒผใƒณใ€ใงใฏใ€่ทๅ ดใงใฎ
20:10
asked Danny about his eating habits at work.
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้ฃŸ็”Ÿๆดปใซใคใ„ใฆใƒ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใซ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
20:14
Actually, when you're working in a kitchen environment for long periods,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ ใ‚ญใƒƒใƒใƒณ็’ฐๅขƒใง้•ทๆ™‚้–“ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€
20:16
your appetite can become suppressed, because you sometimes don't want to eat
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ๆ™‚ใ€…้ฃŸในใŸใใชใ„ใ€
20:21
or you don't feel like you can stop and eat and all of that.
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็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใฃใฆ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€้ฃŸๆฌฒใŒๆŠ‘ๅˆถใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:25
So it very often is grabbing something on the go,
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅค–ๅ‡บๅ…ˆใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซๅคšใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
20:28
which, obviously, as we know, is not great for us.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซ ็งใŸใกใซใจใฃใฆ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
20:31
So you go for something that's quick,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ‰‹ใฃๅ–ใ‚Šๆ—ฉใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ€
20:33
so hence why a lot of chefs have quite a bad diet.
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ๅคšใใฎใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ•ใŒ ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆ‚ชใ„้ฃŸ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใฏ
20:37
Even though he's surrounded by food,
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซๅ›ฒใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€
20:39
Danny says that working under stress actually decreases his 'appetite',
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎไธ‹ใงๅƒใใจ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ€Œ้ฃŸๆฌฒใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
20:44
the feeling that you want to eat food.
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒๆธ›้€€ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:46
In a busy kitchen, there's no time for a sit-down meal,
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ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใ‚ญใƒƒใƒใƒณใงใฏใ€ ๅบงใฃใฆ้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใชใ„
20:49
so Danny has to 'grab and go' โ€”
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใฏใ€Œใคใ‹ใ‚“ใง็งปๅ‹•ใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:52
take something quickly, because he doesn't have much time โ€”
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ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ๆ€ฅใ„ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:56
although he knows this isn't very healthy.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅฅๅบท็š„ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:58
So when even chefs have a difficult relationship with food,
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ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ•ใงใ™ใ‚‰ ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใจใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใฎใซใ€
21:02
what about the rest of us?
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ไป–ใฎ็งใŸใกใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
21:04
Professor Felice Jacka is an expert in nutritional psychiatry.
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ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒชใƒผใƒใ‚งใƒปใ‚ธใƒฃใƒƒใ‚ซๆ•™ๆŽˆใฏ ๆ „้คŠ็ฒพ็ฅžๅŒปๅญฆใฎๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใงใ™ใ€‚
21:08
She's studied the effect of eating a 'healthy diet',
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€
21:11
foods such as fresh fruit and vegetables, wholegrain cereals and olive oil,
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ๆ–ฐ้ฎฎใชๆžœ็‰ฉใ‚„้‡Ž่œใ€ ๅ…จ็ฒ’ใ‚ทใƒชใ‚ขใƒซใ€ใ‚ชใƒชใƒผใƒ–ใ‚ชใ‚คใƒซใชใฉใฎใ€Œๅฅๅบท็š„ใช้ฃŸไบ‹ใ€ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ
21:16
on people suffering depression.
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ใ†ใค็—…ใซ่‹ฆใ—ใ‚€ไบบใ€…ใซไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:18
Professor Jacka found that the patients whose mental health improved
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ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒƒใ‚ซๆ•™ๆŽˆใฏใ€ ็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ๅฅๅบทใŒๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใŸๆ‚ฃ่€…ใฏใ€้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚‚ๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใŸ
21:22
were the same patients who had also improved their diet.
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ๆ‚ฃ่€…ใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็™บ่ฆ‹ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
21:25
But Professor Jacka's ideas were not accepted by everyone.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒƒใ‚ซๆ•™ๆŽˆใฎ่€ƒใˆใฏใ™ในใฆ ใฎไบบใซๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:30
Here she explains to Jordan Dunbar,
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€
21:32
presenter of BBC World Service's The Food Chain,
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BBCใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใฎใ€Ž ใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใƒใ‚งใƒผใƒณใ€ใฎๅธไผš่€…ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใƒ€ใƒณใƒปใƒ€ใƒณใƒใƒผใซใ€
21:35
about the opposition her study faced from other doctors.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ็ ”็ฉถใŒ ไป–ใฎๅŒปๅธซใŸใกใ‹ใ‚‰็›ด้ขใ—ใŸๅๅฏพใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
21:39
So I proposed to do this for my PhD study
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏๅšๅฃซ่ชฒ็จ‹ใฎ็ ”็ฉถใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจๆๆกˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
21:42
and everyone thought I was a bit bananas, you know,
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่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็งใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒใƒŠใƒŠใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€
21:45
and there was quite a bit of, I guess, eye-rolling, maybe?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎ้‡ใฎใ€ ็›ฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅผตใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ๅคšๅˆ†๏ผŸ ็ฒพ็ฅžๅŒปๅญฆใฏ่–ฌ็‰ฉ็™‚ๆณ•ใจ่„ณใซ้‡็‚นใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใŸๅญฆๅ•ใงใ‚ใฃใŸใŸใ‚
21:49
I'm not surprised by that,
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ใ€็งใฏใใฎใ“ใจใซ้ฉšใใพใ›ใ‚“
21:50
because the discipline of psychiatry was very medication and brain-focused.
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ใ€‚
21:55
What did people say in the field? Were they sceptical?
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็พๅ ดใงใฏไบบใ€…ใฏไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ‡็–‘็š„ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
21:59
Oh, hugely sceptical, and sometimes very patronising.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€้žๅธธใซๆ‡็–‘็š„ใงใ€ ๆ™‚ใซใฏ้žๅธธใซๆฉ็€ใ›ใŒใพใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:05
But this again comes from the fact that general practitioners, psychiatrists,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใพใŸใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌ้–‹ๆฅญๅŒปใ€็ฒพ็ฅž็ง‘ๅŒปใ€
22:09
medical specialists get almost no nutrition training
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ๅฐ‚้–€ๅŒปใŒ้•ทๅนดใฎ็ ”็ฉถใ‚’้€šใ˜ใฆ ๆ „้คŠใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่จ“็ทดใ‚’ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™
22:12
through all those years of study.
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ใ€‚
22:14
When Professor Jacka investigated the link between food and mood,
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ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒƒใ‚ซๆ•™ๆŽˆใŒ ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใจๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’่ชฟๆŸปใ—ใŸใจใใ€
22:19
her colleagues thought she was 'bananas', a slang word meaning 'silly' or 'crazy',
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅŒๅƒšใฏๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’ ใ€Œใฐใ‹ใฐใ‹ใ—ใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ธใƒผใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ไฟ—่ชžใ€ŒใƒใƒŠใƒŠใ€ใ ใจๆ€ใ„
22:24
they 'rolled their eyes', a phrase which describes the gesture
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ใ€
22:28
of turning your eyes upwards to express annoyance, boredom or disbelief.
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็›ฎใ‚’ไธŠใซๅ‘ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ‹•ไฝœใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€Œ็›ฎใ‚’ไธธใใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ€้€€ๅฑˆใ€ใพใŸใฏไธไฟกๆ„Ÿใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
22:33
Other colleagues were 'patronising' โ€”
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ไป–ใฎๅŒๅƒšใฏๅฝผๅฅณใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€Œๆฉ็€ใ›ใŒใพใ—ใใ€ใ€
22:35
they behaved towards her as if she were stupid or unimportant.
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ใ‚ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆ„šใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€้‡่ฆใงใชใ„ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŒฏใ‚‹่ˆžใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:40
Professor Jacka thinks this is because most doctors
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ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒƒใ‚ซๆ•™ๆŽˆใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅŒปๅธซใŒ
22:43
have little or no training about nutrition and the effect of food on mental health.
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ๆ „้คŠ ใ‚„้ฃŸไบ‹ใŒใƒกใƒณใ‚ฟใƒซใƒ˜ใƒซใ‚นใซๅŠใผใ™ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่จ“็ทดใ‚’ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅ…จใๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
22:48
But her ground-breaking research, named 'the smile trial',
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚นใƒžใ‚คใƒซใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒซใ€ใจๅไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅฝผๅฅณใฎ็”ปๆœŸ็š„ใช็ ”็ฉถใฏใ€
22:52
has been successfully repeated elsewhere,
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ไป–ใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ‚‚ๆˆๅŠŸ่ฃกใซๅ†็พใ•ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ˆใ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใจๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใจใฎ
22:55
clearly showing the link between eating well and feeling good.
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้–ข้€ฃๆ€งใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซ็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€‚
22:59
So the next time you're feeling down and your brain is calling out for a doughnut,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆฌกใซๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่ฝใก่พผใ‚“ใง ่„ณใŒใƒ‰ใƒผใƒŠใƒ„ใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใจใใฏใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ
23:04
you might be better eating an apple instead.
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใปใ†ใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
23:07
And speaking of brain, Sam, it's time to reveal the answer to my question.
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่„ณใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€ ็งใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใŒๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:12
Aha, yes, you asked me how much of the body's energy is used up by the brain
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ ไฝ“ใฎใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใฎใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใŒ่„ณใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
23:18
and I guessed it was 10%.
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10% ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:20
Well, I'm afraid you are wrong.
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ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:22
In fact, around 20% of the body's energy goes to feeding the brain,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€็ทไฝ“้‡ใฎใ‚ใšใ‹ 2% ใ—ใ‹ๅ ใ‚ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ไฝ“ใฎใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใฎ็ด„ 20% ใŒ ่„ณใธใฎๆ „้คŠไพ›็ตฆใซ่ฒปใ‚„ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
23:26
even though it only makes up 2% of our total body weight.
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ใ€‚
23:30
OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œ
23:33
from our discussion about 'emotional eating' โ€”
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็š„ใช้ฃŸไบ‹ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใงๅญฆใ‚“ใ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
23:36
that's eating too much food because of how you feel, not because you're hungry.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใฏใชใ ใ€ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใฎใ›ใ„ใง้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃŸในใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
23:41
'Appetite' is the desire to eat food.
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ใ€Œ้ฃŸๆฌฒใ€ใจใฏใ€้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆฌฒๆฑ‚ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
23:43
If you 'grab and go', you take something quickly because you don't have much time.
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ใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ–ใƒปใ‚ขใƒณใƒ‰ใƒปใ‚ดใƒผใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Šใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ด ๆ—ฉใๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:48
Calling someone 'bananas' is slang for silly or crazy.
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใ€ŒใƒใƒŠใƒŠใ€ใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใฏใ€ ๆ„šใ‹ใพใŸใฏ็‹‚ๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ไฟ—่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
23:53
If you 'roll your eyes', you move your eyes upwards,
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ใ€Œ็›ฎใ‚’ไธธใใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
23:57
to show you feel annoyed, bored or don't believe what someone is telling you.
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ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€้€€ๅฑˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ็›ฎใ‚’ไธŠใซๅ‹•ใ‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:01
And, finally, if someone is 'patronising' you,
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใ€Œใฒใ„ใใ€ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎไบบใฏ
24:04
they speak or behave towards you as if you were stupid or unimportant.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ„šใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€้‡่ฆใงใชใ„ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆŒฏ่ˆžใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:09
That's the end of our programme.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ 6 Minute English ใงใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฉฑ้กŒใฎใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚นใ‚ซใƒƒใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚„ๅฝน็ซ‹ใค่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€่ฟ‘ใ„
24:11
Don't forget to join us again soon
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ใ†ใกใซใพใŸๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
24:13
for more topical discussion and useful vocabulary here at 6 Minute English.
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ใ€‚
24:17
โ€” Bye, everyone. โ€” Bye-bye.
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โ€” ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚ - ใƒใ‚คใƒใ‚คใ€‚
24:19
6 Minute English.
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6ๅˆ†้–“ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€‚
24:21
From BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning Englishใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€‚
24:25
Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ BBC Learning English ใฎ 6 Minute English ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
24:29
And I'm Sam.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ‚ตใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:30
Have you ever been to an 'all-you-can-eat buffet', Sam?
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ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€ใ€Œ้ฃŸในๆ”พ้กŒใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใ€ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ๅฅฝใใชใ ใ‘้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹
24:34
You know, a meal in a restaurant where you can eat as much food as you like.
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ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใงใฎ้ฃŸไบ‹ ใ€‚
24:39
Yes, I went to an Indian buffet once.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใซไธ€ๅบฆ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:42
I didn't eat all day before the meal,
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้ฃŸไบ‹ใฎๅ‰ใซไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญไฝ•ใ‚‚้ฃŸในใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
24:45
but I only managed to finish three or four plates. Well, maybe five.
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3ใ€4็šฟใ—ใ‹้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใพใ‚ใ€5ใคใใ‚‰ใ„ใ‹ใชใ€‚
24:50
It sounds like 'your eyes were bigger than your belly, or stomach',
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็›ฎใฏใŠ่…นใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคงใใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
24:55
a phrase describing someone who has taken more food than they can eat.
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้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹้‡ใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใฆ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’ๆ‘‚ๅ–ใ—ใŸไบบใ‚’่กจใ™ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใ™ใ€‚
25:00
In this programme, we'll be discussing buffets,
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ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใฏใ€
25:02
a feast of many different food dishes
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–™็†ใ‚’ๅฅฝใใชใ ใ‘
25:05
where diners are allowed to eat as much as they want,
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ใ€
25:08
or as much as their stomachs will allow.
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ใพใŸใฏใŠ่…นใฎ่จฑใ™้™ใ‚Š้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:11
And of course, we'll be learning some new vocabulary as well.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚‚ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
25:15
The popularity of buffets is booming,
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ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใฎไบบๆฐ—ใฏ
25:17
especially in Middle Eastern and Asian countries,
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็‰นใซไธญๆฑ ใ‚„ใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ข่ซธๅ›ฝใงๆ€ฅๆˆ้•ทใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
25:21
where the variety of foods means there's something for everyone.
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฎ็จฎ้กžใŒ่ฑŠๅฏŒใชใฎใง ่ชฐใงใ‚‚ๆบ€่ถณใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
25:25
But feasts are big and boastful.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฎดไผšใฏ็››ๅคงใง่ช‡ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
25:27
Usually, too much is cooked and buffets have been criticised for waste.
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้€šๅธธใ€ๆ–™็†ใŒๅคšใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใฏ ็„ก้ง„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ‰นๅˆคใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:32
We'll hear more soon, but first I have a question for you, Sam.
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่ฉณ็ดฐใฏใ™ใใซ่žใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใพใš ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
25:36
The word 'buffet' originated from the French name
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ใ€Œใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใŒๆไพ›ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใ‚’่กจใ™ ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใฎๅๅ‰ใซ็”ฑๆฅใ—ใพใ™
25:39
for the table on which food was served,
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25:41
but buffets themselves don't come from France.
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ใŒใ€ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚ง่‡ชไฝ“ใฏ ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
25:45
So in which country did buffets begin?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใฏใฉใ“ใฎๅ›ฝใงๅง‹ใพใฃใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
25:49
Was it a) the United States of America? b) Sweden? Or c) China?
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ใใ‚Œใฏ a) ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซๅˆ่ก†ๅ›ฝใงใ—ใŸใ‹? b) ใ‚นใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒผใƒ‡ใƒณ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ c) ไธญๅ›ฝ๏ผŸ
25:54
Well, the US is famous for supersizing food, so I'll guess a) America.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฏใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใงๆœ‰ๅใช ใฎใงใ€a) ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:00
OK, Sam, we'll find out the answer later in the programme.
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OKใ€ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏ ็•ช็ต„ใฎๅพŒๅŠใงใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:04
John Wood, owner of cooking company Kitchen CUT, knows a lot about buffets.
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ๆ–™็†ไผš็คพใ‚ญใƒƒใƒใƒณใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใฎใ‚ชใƒผใƒŠใƒผใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใƒปใ‚ฆใƒƒใƒ‰ๆฐใฏ ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใซ่ฉณใ—ใ„ใ€‚
26:09
He used to run a 1,000-seat breakfast buffet
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ๅฝผใฏใ‹ใคใฆใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใฎ
26:13
at the five-star Jumeirah Beach hotel in Dubai.
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5 ใคๆ˜Ÿใ‚ธใƒฅใƒกใ‚คใƒฉ ใƒ“ใƒผใƒ ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใง 1,000 ๅธญใฎๆœ้ฃŸใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚’็ตŒๅ–ถใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
26:17
Here, John shares his observations on human buffet behaviour
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใŒ ไบบ้–“ใฎใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚ง่กŒๅ‹•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่ฆณๅฏŸใ‚’
26:21
with BBC World Service programme The Food Chain.
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BBC ใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใฎ็•ช็ต„ใ€Œ The Food Chainใ€ใงๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:25
There are different people that treat buffets in different ways.
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ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚’ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆ‰ฑใ†ไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:28
Some people will think this is a great opportunity
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
26:31
to try little bits and lots of everything and come back as many times as I like.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใšใคใงใ‚‚ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใงใ‚‚่ฉฆใ—ใฆใ€ ไฝ•ๅบฆใงใ‚‚ๆˆปใฃใฆใใ‚‹็ตถๅฅฝใฎๆฉŸไผšใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
26:36
And other people just, you know, whether they don't like getting up and down,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใฏใ€ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰ ไธŠใŒใฃใŸใ‚Šไธ‹ใŒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ€
26:39
which is understandable, from their table just want to pile it high.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰ ใŸใ ้ซ˜ใ็ฉใฟไธŠใ’ใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
26:42
And people, you know, they want to get value for money.
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ใใ—ใฆไบบใ€…ใฏใ€ ใŠ้‡‘ใซ่ฆ‹ๅˆใฃใŸไพกๅ€คใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:45
So, you know, if you're paying, you know, $100, $200 a head for a buffet,
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใซไธ€ไบบๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š 100 ใƒ‰ใƒซใ€200 ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€
26:48
you're gonna pile it up high and take the most expensive things you can,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’้ซ˜ใ็ฉใฟไธŠใ’ใฆใ€ ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘้ซ˜ไพกใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€
26:51
you know, and get your money's worth.
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ใŠ้‡‘ใฎไพกๅ€คใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
26:53
John says buffet diners want to get their 'money's worth',
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใซใ‚ˆใ‚Œใฐใ€ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใฎๅˆฉ็”จ่€…ใฏ ใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใฎไพกๅ€คใ€ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ„ใ€
26:57
get good value for the money they spend,
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่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใŸใŠ้‡‘ใซ่ฆ‹ๅˆใฃใŸไพกๅ€คใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€็šฟใซ
26:59
so they often 'pile up' food on their plate.
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’ใ€Œๅฑฑ็››ใ‚Šใ€ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใใ†ใงใ™ ใ€‚
27:03
If you 'pile something up', you gather a large amount of it into one place
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ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ฉใ‚€ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๅคง้‡ใฎใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธ€ใ‹ๆ‰€ใซ้›†ใ‚ใฆ
27:09
to build what's called a 'pile'.
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ใ€Œๅฑฑใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:11
But buffets are not just about eating until you explode.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใฏใ€ใŸใ  ใŠ่…นใŒ่†จใ‚Œใ‚‹ใพใง้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
27:15
They're also an opportunity to show off to your friends.
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ๅ‹้”ใซ่‡ชๆ…ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚นใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:19
Weddings are big in India and usually include a buffet.
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ใ‚คใƒณใƒ‰ใงใฏ็ตๅฉšๅผใฏ็››ๅคงใง ใ€้€šๅธธใฏใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
27:23
The richer the people getting married, the bigger the buffet,
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็ตๅฉšใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใŒ่ฃ•็ฆใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€ ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใฎ่ฆๆจกใฏๅคงใใใชใ‚Šใ€
27:26
sometimes inviting as many as 5,000 guests.
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ๆ™‚ใซใฏ 5,000ไบบใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ฒใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:30
If each guest eats around six dishes,
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ๅ„ใ‚ฒใ‚นใƒˆใŒ็ด„ 6 ๅ“ใฎๆ–™็†ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎ้‡ใฎใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚ง
27:32
we're talking about a seriously big buffet.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
27:36
Sandeep Sreedharan is a wedding caterer in Goa in South India.
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Sandeep Sreedharan ใฏใ€ ๅ—ใ‚คใƒณใƒ‰ใฎใ‚ดใ‚ขใซใ‚ใ‚‹็ตๅฉšๅผใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ฟใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐๆฅญ่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:41
He owns a company which provides the food and drink for special social occasions.
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ๅฝผใฏ็‰นๅˆฅใช็คพไบค่กŒไบ‹ใซ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใจ้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ไผš็คพใ‚’็ตŒๅ–ถใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
27:46
Here he talks with Ruth Alexander,
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅฝผใฏใ€
27:48
presenter of BBC World Service The Food Programme
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BBC ใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚น ใ‚ถ ใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใƒซใƒผใ‚น ใ‚ขใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ตใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใจ
27:51
about organising an Indian wedding buffet.
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ใ‚คใƒณใƒ‰ใฎ็ตๅฉšๅผใฎใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใฎไผ็”ปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชžใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:55
It's a very vicious circle, I think, right?
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้žๅธธใซๆ‚ชๅพช็’ฐใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใญใ€‚
27:58
Everybody wants to overwhelm everybody around you.
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่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎไบบใ‚’ๅœงๅ€’ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
28:02
OK, that's the aim. They are out to impress.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็›ฎ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฅฝๅฐ่ฑกใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅŠชๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:06
They want to wow the guests, knock their socks off.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ฒใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’้ฉšใ‹ใ›ใ€ ้ดไธ‹ใ‚’่„ฑใŽๆจใฆใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
28:10
Knock their socks off.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ้ดไธ‹ใ‚’่„ฑใŽๆจใฆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
28:12
They should just go back saying, "I couldn't eat even half of it!", you know?
466
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ใ€Œ ๅŠๅˆ†ใ‚‚้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผใ€ใฃใฆๅธฐใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
28:18
Some people, they just come for eating.
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ใŸใ ้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใซๆฅใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:21
They don't even worry about whose wedding it is and things.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ชฐใฎ็ตๅฉšๅผใ‹ใชใฉใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
28:25
They know that, "Who's the caterer?" You know?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œไป•ๅ‡บใ—ๅฑ‹ใฏ่ชฐใ ๏ผŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
28:27
"Oh, these guys are catering it, oh, my God, this is going to be great!".
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎไบบใŸใกใŒใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ฟใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใจใ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆ๏ผใ€ใ€‚
28:30
Wedding buffets are designed to amaze
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ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใฏใ€
28:32
and overwhelm the guests with their huge displays of food.
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ๆ–™็†ใฎๅทจๅคงใชๅฑ•็คบใงใ‚ฒใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’้ฉšใ‹ใ›ใ€ๅœงๅ€’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จญ่จˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:36
They need to 'wow' the guests or 'knock their socks off',
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ฒใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ใ€Œ้ฉšใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€ ใ‹ใ€ใ€Œ้ดไธ‹ใ‚’่„ฑใใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ
28:41
an idiom meaning 'to amaze and impress someone'.
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’้ฉšใ‹ใ›ใ€ๆ„Ÿๅ‹•ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎๆ…ฃ็”จๅฅใงใ™ใ€‚
28:44
The problem is that no matter how extravagant and expensive one buffet is,
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ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉ่ฑช่ฏใง้ซ˜ไพกใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€
28:49
the next one has to be even more impressive,
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ๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใฏ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
28:52
something Sandeep calls a 'vicious circle',
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ตใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ—ๆฐใฏ ใ€Œๆ‚ชๅพช็’ฐใ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎ
28:56
a difficult situation which has the effect of creating new problems,
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ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใช็Šถๆณใฏใ€ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ•้กŒใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ—ใ€
29:00
which then make the original situation even worse.
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ๅ…ƒใฎใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ๅŠนๆžœใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็Šถๆณใฏ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ€‚
29:04
It seems the secret to enjoying a buffet is trying a little bit of everything,
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ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚€โ€‹โ€‹็ง˜่จฃใฏใ€
29:08
without stuffing yourself until you can't move,
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ๅ‹•ใ‘ใชใใชใ‚‹ใพใง่ฉฐใ‚่พผใพใšใซใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใšใค่ฉฆใ™ใ“ใจใ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
29:12
although in the past, I think that was exactly the idea.
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ๆ˜”ใฏ ใพใ•ใซใใฎ่€ƒใˆใ ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
29:15
OK, it's time to reveal the answer to my question.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ็งใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใŒๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
29:19
Where did the buffet originally come from?
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ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใฎ่ตทๆบใฏใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹?
29:22
I guessed it was from the United States. Was I right?
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏๆญฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใงใ™ใŒ
29:27
That was the wrong answer, I'm afraid, Sam.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใŸ็ญ”ใˆใงใ—ใŸใ€ ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€‚
29:30
In fact, buffets are thought to have come from Sweden in the Middle Ages.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใฏ ไธญไธ–ใฎใ‚นใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒผใƒ‡ใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใŸใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
29:35
OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned starting with the expression
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ใ•ใฆใ€้ฃŸในใใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใจใใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
29:40
'eyes bigger than your belly' or 'eyes bigger than your stomach',
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ใ€ŒใŠ่…นใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใ„็›ฎใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒใŠ่…นใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใ„็›ฎใ€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใซๅญฆใ‚“ใ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
29:44
used when someone has taken more food than they can eat.
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ใ€‚
29:47
If you 'pile up' your plate,
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ใŠ็šฟใ‚’ใ€Œ็ฉใฟ้‡ใญใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€
29:49
you gather a large quantity of food together into a pile.
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ๅคง้‡ใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใŒ ๅฑฑใซ้›†ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
29:54
The phrase to 'get your money's worth'
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ใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใฎไพกๅ€คใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใฏใ€่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใŸใŠ้‡‘ใซ่ฆ‹ๅˆใฃใŸ
29:56
means to get good value for the money you have spent.
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ไพกๅ€คใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ ใ€‚
29:59
A 'vicious circle' is a problematic situation
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ใ€Œๆ‚ชๅพช็’ฐใ€ใจใฏใ€ ๅ•้กŒใฎใ‚ใ‚‹็ŠถๆณใŒ
30:03
having the effect of creating new problems,
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ๆ–ฐใŸใชๅ•้กŒใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ™ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅŠใผใ—ใ€
30:05
which then make the first situation even worse.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
30:09
The idiom 'to knock your socks off' means 'to wow, amaze or impress someone'.
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้ดไธ‹ใ‚’่„ฑใใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ…ฃ็”จๅฅใฏใ€ใ€Œ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’้ฉšใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€้ฉšใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€ๆ„Ÿๅ‹•ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
30:15
And, finally, a 'caterer' is a person or company
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ฟใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐๆฅญ่€…ใ€ใจใฏใ€
30:18
which provides food and drink for special social occasions.
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็‰นๅˆฅใช็คพไบค่กŒไบ‹ใซ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚„้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ€‹ไบบใพใŸใฏไผš็คพใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸ
30:22
Once again, our six minutes are up. Bye for now.
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ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ 6 ๅˆ†ใŒ็ตŒ้Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใˆใšใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
30:24
Bye-bye.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒใ‚คใ€‚
30:26
6 Minute English.
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6ๅˆ†้–“ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€‚
30:27
From BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning Englishใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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