Chimps chat like we do: BBC Learning English from the News

39,424 views ใƒป 2024-08-21

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
From BBC Learning English,
0
40
1960
BBC Learning English ใฎใ€Œ
00:02
this is Learning English from the News, our podcast about the news headlines.
1
2000
6000
Learning English from the Newsใ€ใฏใ€ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚นใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:08
In this programme, how chimpanzees have conversations just like us.
2
8000
6080
ใ“ใฎ็•ช็ต„ใงใฏใ€ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใŒ ็งใŸใกใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆง˜ๅญใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:16
Hello, I'm. Phil. And I'm Beth.
3
16520
2720
ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใƒ™ใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:19
In this program, we look at one big news story
4
19240
3240
ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใฏใ€ ๅคงใใชใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น่จ˜ไบ‹
00:22
and the vocabulary in the headlines that will help you understand it.
5
22480
3640
ใจใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:26
You can find all the vocabulary and headlines from this episode,
6
26120
4400
ใ“ใฎใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใจ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ€
00:30
as well as a worksheet, on our website,
7
30520
2880
ใŠใ‚ˆใณ ใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใฏใ€ๅฝ“็คพใฎ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ
00:33
bbclearningenglish.com.
8
33400
2760
bbclearningenglish.com ใง่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:36
So, let's hear more about this story, Phil.
9
36160
3120
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใฎ่ฉฑใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจ่žใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซใ€‚
00:41
OK, so this story comes
10
41720
2640
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่ฉฑใฏ
00:44
from a study that's been observing chimpanzees over many decades.
11
44360
5360
ไฝ•ๅๅนดใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใŸใฃใฆใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใ‚’่ฆณๅฏŸใ—ใฆใใŸ็ ”็ฉถใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:49
And they've seen that chimpanzees gesture with their hands to communicate.
12
49720
4800
ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใŒ ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใจใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆ‰‹ใงใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚นใƒใƒฃใƒผใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:54
Yeah. And chimpanzees or chimps, as we sometimes call them,
13
54520
3920
ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใ€ใพใŸใฏใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใจ ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
00:58
take turns to do this.
14
58440
2320
ไบคไปฃใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:00
And they even interrupt each other, just like humans.
15
60760
3120
ใใ—ใฆใ€ ไบบ้–“ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใŠไบ’ใ„ใซใ•ใˆใŽใ‚Šๅˆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:03
So, this turn-taking, and the time between these turns, is actually
16
63880
4600
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณไบคไปฃใจ ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณ้–“ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฏใ€ไบบ้–“ใŒใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใจใ‚‹ใจใใซ
01:08
very similar to the way that we do it as humans, when we're communicating.
17
68480
4720
่กŒใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใจๅฎŸ้š›ใซ้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:13
And I have a headline here that's about the main finding of the study.
18
73200
5360
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ ็ ”็ฉถใฎไธปใช็™บ่ฆ‹ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:18
Chimps share humans' 'snappy' conversational style.
19
78560
3800
ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใฏไบบ้–“ใจๅŒใ˜ใ€Œๆฐ—ใฎๅˆฉใ„ใŸใ€ ไผš่ฉฑใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:22
And that's from BBC News in the UK.
20
82360
2360
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎBBCใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:24
Yep, again that headline. Chimps share humans' 'snappy' conversational style.
21
84720
6240
ใฏใ„ใ€ใพใŸใใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใฏ ไบบ้–“ใจๅŒใ˜ใ€Œๆฐ—ใฎๅˆฉใ„ใŸใ€ไผš่ฉฑใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:30
And that is from BBC News, in the UK.
22
90960
3480
ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎBBCใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:34
Now, this headline is all about the way that chimps communicate with each other.
23
94440
5040
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใฏ ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผๅŒๅฃซใฎใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณๆ–นๆณ•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:39
We have this adjective 'snappy', which means quick, concise, and effective.
24
99480
5640
ใ€Œsnappyใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ่ฟ…้€Ÿใ€็ฐกๆฝ”ใ€ๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
01:45
Yeah, and 'snap' is one of these words that sounds like what it represents -
25
105120
5160
ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ€Œใ‚นใƒŠใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒ่กจใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
01:50
that's an onomatopoeia, and it's a very quick sound.
26
110280
3520
ๆ“ฌ้Ÿณ่ชžใงใ€ ้žๅธธใซ้€Ÿใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
01:53
You can snap your fingers, a crocodile can snap its mouth shut.
27
113800
5160
ๆŒ‡ใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ—ใ€ ใƒฏใƒ‹ใŒๅฃใ‚’้–‰ใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:58
OK. And here, where it's describing the chimps' conversation as snappy,
28
118960
4320
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใฎไผš่ฉฑใŒใใณใใณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่กจ็พใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
02:03
it means that it's quick,
29
123280
1880
ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ไผš่ฉฑใŒๆ—ฉใใ€
02:05
it's concise, and that each turn has impact.
30
125160
3280
็ฐกๆฝ”ใงใ€ ๅ„ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใซใ‚คใƒณใƒ‘ใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:08
Exactly. Now, we also have a phrase 'make it snappy', which means 'be quick'.
31
128440
5680
ใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ€Œ็ด ๆ—ฉใใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ€Œmake it snappyใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:14
Maybe you're in a hurry,
32
134120
1360
ใŸใถใ‚“ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ€ฅใ„ใงใ„ใฆใ€
02:15
someone's forgotten their keys, and you say, come on, make it snappy โ€“
33
135480
4440
่ชฐใ‹ใŒ้ตใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใจใใซใ€ใ€Œ ใ•ใ‚ใ€ๆ€ฅใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
02:19
means 'be quick'.
34
139920
1640
ใ€Œๆ€ฅใ„ใงใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
02:23
So, we had 'snappy', which means quick, concise and effective.
35
143680
4560
ใใ“ใงใ€่ฟ…้€Ÿใ€็ฐกๆฝ”ใ€ๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ€Œsnappyใ€ใ‚’ๆŽก็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
02:28
For example, the writers managed to come up
36
148240
3360
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ไฝœๅฎถใŸใกใฏๅบƒๅ‘Š็”จใฎๆฐ—ใฎ
02:31
with a snappy three word slogan for their advert.
37
151600
5040
ใใ„ใŸ 3 ๅ˜่ชžใฎใ‚นใƒญใƒผใ‚ฌใƒณใ‚’ใชใ‚“ใจใ‹่€ƒใˆๅ‡บใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
02:36
This is Learning English from the News, our
38
156640
3280
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
02:39
podcast all about the news headlines.
39
159920
2920
ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใŸใƒใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚นใƒˆใ€Œใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:42
Today, we're talking about a report,
40
162840
2680
ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ฑๅ‘Šใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
02:45
and it says that chimpanzees communicate in a similar way to us.
41
165520
5000
ใŒใ€ใใฎๅ ฑๅ‘Šใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใฏ ็งใŸใกใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:50
Yeah. So one of the things in this study is looking at
42
170520
3120
ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็ ”็ฉถใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€
02:53
just how snappy chimps are when they communicate,
43
173640
3320
ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใŒ ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใจใ‚‹้š›ใซใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ๆฉŸๆ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฟๆŸปใ—ใ€
02:56
and comparing that to humans.
44
176960
2280
ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไบบ้–“ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:59
So, the average human response time in a conversation is 200 milliseconds.
45
179240
6360
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไบบ้–“ใฎไผš่ฉฑใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ๅนณๅ‡ๅฟœ็ญ”ๆ™‚้–“ใฏ 200 ใƒŸใƒช็ง’ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:05
That's a fifth of a second.
46
185600
1520
ใใ‚Œใฏ 5 ๅˆ†ใฎ 1 ็ง’ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:07
And for chimps, it's 120 milliseconds.
47
187120
3360
ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ 120 ใƒŸใƒช็ง’ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:10
So a little bit quicker. Now,
48
190480
2200
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ—ฉใใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
03:12
actually for humans you do get variation between different cultures.
49
192680
3880
ๅฎŸ้š›ใซไบบ้–“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๅŒ–้–“ใงๅทฎ็•ฐใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:16
Sometimes these turns are longer and shorter.
50
196560
2480
ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใŒ้•ทใใชใฃใŸใ‚Š ็ŸญใใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:19
And, actually, that was also seen in different groups
51
199040
3400
ใใ—ใฆๅฎŸ้š›ใ€
03:22
of chimps in this study.
52
202440
1720
ใ“ใฎ็ ”็ฉถใงใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใ‚‚ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:24
So, we've got another headline here which is talking
53
204160
3080
ใใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใฎไบคไปฃใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
03:27
about the speed of this turn-taking.
54
207240
2960
ใ€‚
03:30
This is from The Guardian, in the UK.
55
210200
3440
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใ‚ฌใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใƒณ็ด™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ ”็ฉถใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€
03:33
Chimpanzees communicate in similar quick-fire fashion to humans,
56
213640
5080
ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใฏ ไบบ้–“ใจๅŒๆง˜ใฎ้€Ÿๆ”ปใงใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใจใ‚Šใพใ™
03:38
study shows.
57
218720
2280
ใ€‚
03:41
And that headline again, chimpanzees communicate in similar quick-fire fashion
58
221000
5320
ใใ—ใฆใพใŸใ‚ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใงใ™ใŒใ€็ ”็ฉถใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใฏไบบ้–“ใจ ๅŒๆง˜ใฎ้€Ÿๆ”ปใงใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใจใ‚Šใพใ™
03:46
to humans, study shows.
59
226320
1480
ใ€‚
03:47
And that is from the Guardian, here in the UK.
60
227800
2880
ใใ‚Œใฏใ“ใ“่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฎใ‚ฌใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใƒณ็ด™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
03:50
Again, the two things in this headline are that chimps'
61
230680
3360
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใฏใ€ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใฎ
03:54
communication is similar to ours, and is quick.
62
234040
4080
ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏ็งใŸใกใจไผผใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ้€Ÿใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:58
So, we have another adjective here.
63
238120
1640
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏๅˆฅใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:59
It's a compound adjective that's 'quick-fire'.
64
239760
3360
ใ€Œ้€Ÿๆ”ปใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ค‡ๅˆๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
04:03
And we usually write this with a hyphen between 'quick' and 'fire'.
65
243120
3920
ใใ—ใฆ้€šๅธธใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ ใ€Œquickใ€ใจใ€Œfireใ€ใฎ้–“ใซใƒใ‚คใƒ•ใƒณใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:07
Now, some of the earliest examples of 'quick-fire' are about guns,
66
247040
5120
ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ€Œ้€Ÿๅฐ„ใ€ใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅˆๆœŸใฎไพ‹ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏ้Šƒใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ—ฉใ
04:12
meaning that they can fire a lot of shots quickly.
67
252160
4000
ๅคง้‡ใฎๅผพใ‚’็™บๅฐ„ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:16
And that is still one way that 'quick-fire' is used.
68
256160
3640
ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใงใ‚‚ ใ€Œใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใ‚ขใ€ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ1ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
04:19
But, that's literal,
69
259800
1080
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใฎใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
04:20
and of course, here in the headline, it's metaphorical.
70
260880
3520
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใฎ ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใงใฏๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
04:24
And as a metaphor, 'quick-fire' just means that things come one
71
264400
4880
ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใ‚ขใ€ใจใฏใ€ ็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒ้ †็•ชใซ็ด ๆ—ฉใๆฌกใ€…ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
04:29
after another, quickly in a sequence.
72
269280
2720
ใ€‚
04:32
In fact, a common way that we use 'quick-fire' is to describe things happening
73
272000
5200
ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใ‚ขใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ ็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒ็Ÿข็ถ™ใŽๆ—ฉใซ้€ฃ็ถšใ—ใฆ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
04:37
in quick-fire succession.
74
277200
2400
ใ€‚
04:39
And it's often used to describe the way that people speak,
75
279600
3560
ใพใŸใ€
04:43
particularly if someone is very talkative, or if they speak very quickly.
76
283160
5400
็‰นใซ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ ใŠใ—ใ‚ƒในใ‚Šใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ—ฉๅฃใง่ฉฑใ™ๅ ดๅˆใซใ€ไบบใ€…ใฎ่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:48
I asked for directions the other day
77
288560
2160
ๅ…ˆๆ—ฅ้“ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€
04:50
and the lady gave me a really quick-fire set of instructions.
78
290720
4160
ใใฎๅฅณๆ€งใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ—ฉใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
04:54
She spoke very fast.
79
294880
3160
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ—ฉใ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:58
So we had 'quick-fire' โ€“ very fast, one after another.
80
298040
4760
ใใ“ใง็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œ้€Ÿๅฐ„ใ€ใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚้žๅธธใซ้€Ÿใใ€ ๆฌกใ€…ใจ็™บๅฐ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:02
For example, the rapper is known for her quick-fire delivery of rhymes.
81
302800
6960
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‘ใƒผใฏ้Ÿปใ‚’่ธใ‚€ใฎใŒๆ—ฉใ„ใ“ใจใง็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:09
This is Learning English from the News, from BBC Learning English.
82
309760
4800
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ BBC Learning English ใฎใ€Œใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:14
We're talking about a study that says chimpanzees communicate
83
314560
3960
ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใฏ
05:18
in a similar way to us.
84
318520
2560
็งใŸใกใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็ ”็ฉถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
05:21
So, this study says that sometimes chimpanzees wait
85
321080
3960
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎ็ ”็ฉถใซใ‚ˆใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใฏใ€
05:25
for the other chimp to stop speaking, but sometimes they interrupt them.
86
325040
5120
ไป–ใฎใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅพ…ใคใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ ใŒใ€่ฉฑใ‚’ใ•ใˆใŽใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใ€‚
05:30
And in fact, in this study, up to seven turns in a row were observed.
87
330160
6360
ใใ—ใฆๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ“ใฎ็ ”็ฉถใงใฏๆœ€ๅคง 7 ๅ›ž้€ฃ็ถšใฎใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใŒ่ฆณๅฏŸใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:36
Sometimes, chimps communicate to avoid conflict,
88
336520
3480
ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใฏ ่ก็ชใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
05:40
and sometimes they do it to make plans โ€“ to organize activities
89
340000
3920
05:43
with other chimps.
90
343920
1240
ไป–ใฎใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใจใฎๆดปๅ‹•ใ‚’็ต„็น”ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใจใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:45
And this communication can also be used to say that they want to share food,
91
345160
5240
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใ€ ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
05:50
but it can be the opposite.
92
350400
2080
ใŒใ€ใใฎ้€†ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:52
They might communicate to tell the other chimps to go away.
93
352480
4040
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ไป–ใฎใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใซ็ซ‹ใกๅŽปใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไผใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ้€šไฟกใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:56
And we've got a headline here that refers to this communication.
94
356520
3960
ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใŸ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:00
Chimpanzees gesture back-and-forth quickly, like in human conversations.
95
360480
5520
ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใฏ ไบบ้–“ใฎไผš่ฉฑใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็ด ๆ—ฉใๅ‰ๅพŒใซใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚นใƒใƒฃใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:06
And that's from the website EurekAlert!
96
366000
1920
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ EurekAlert ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
06:07
which is from the US.
97
367920
1760
ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฑณๅ›ฝใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
06:09
Again, that headline: chimpanzees gesture back-and-forth quickly, like
98
369680
5440
ๅ†ใณใใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—: ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใฏไบบ้–“ใฎไผš่ฉฑใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ด ๆ—ฉใ„ๅพ€ๅพฉใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚นใƒใƒฃใƒผใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹
06:15
in human conversations.
99
375120
1960
ใ€‚
06:17
And that's from the website EurekAlert!,
100
377080
2440
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ฑณๅ›ฝใฎ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ EurekAlert! ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
06:19
in the US.
101
379520
1400
ใ€‚
06:20
OK, so here we have the idiom 'back-and-forth',
102
380920
4240
OKใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ ใ€Œback-and-forthใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
06:25
which is being used to say how something happens.
103
385160
2760
ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
06:27
It's like an adverb.
104
387920
1440
ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใญใ€‚
06:29
Now the word 'forth' is a bit old fashioned,
105
389360
3080
ไปŠใงใฏใ€Œๅ‰้€ฒใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚ไปฃ้…ใ‚Œใงใ™
06:32
but it has survived in this phrase.
106
392440
2480
ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏ็”Ÿใๆฎ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:34
But really, it just means forwards, doesn't it?
107
394920
3160
ใงใ‚‚ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ๅ‰้€ฒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ ๏ผŸ
06:38
Yes. So, if something literally goes back-and-forth,
108
398080
4320
ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š่กŒใฃใŸใ‚ŠๆฅใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
06:42
it goes backwards and forwards.
109
402400
1840
ใใ‚ŒใฏๅพŒ้€€ใ—ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰้€ฒใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅญไพ›ใฎ้Šใณๅ ดใฎ
06:44
Think about a swing in a children's playground.
110
404240
2600
ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ณใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
06:46
Now, here in the headline, it's not about literal movements, like on a swing.
111
406840
5440
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ณใซไน—ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใฎๅ‹•ใใฎใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅŒๆ–นๅ‘ใฎ
06:52
It's about the flow of conversation that goes in two directions.
112
412280
4560
ไผš่ฉฑใฎๆตใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ ใ€‚
06:56
So, from one chimp to the other, and back again, and up to seven times.
113
416840
5160
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎใƒใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใธใ€ ใใ—ใฆใพใŸๆˆปใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ€ๅคง7ๅ›ž็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:02
'Back-and-forth' is also often used about conversation.
114
422000
3280
ใ€Œ็›ธๆงŒใ€ใฏไผš่ฉฑใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:05
So, if you want to talk about a really successful social event,
115
425280
4160
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใŸ็คพไบคใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€
07:09
you could say that the conversation flowed back-and-forth for hours.
116
429440
5840
ไผš่ฉฑใฏ ไฝ•ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚่กŒใฃใŸใ‚ŠๆฅใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:16
So, that's back-and-forth,
117
436840
1960
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅพ€ๅพฉใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
07:18
which means moving in one direction, and then coming back again.
118
438800
4400
ไธ€ๆ–นๅ‘ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใฆ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ†ใณๆˆปใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:23
The negotiations went back-and-forth until an agreement was reached.
119
443200
6080
ไบคๆธ‰ใฏ ๅˆๆ„ใซ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใพใงไธ€้€ฒไธ€้€€ใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œ
07:29
That's it for this episode of Learning English from the News.
120
449280
3840
ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ€ใฎไปŠๅ›žใฎใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ใฏไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
07:33
We'll be back next week with another new story.
121
453120
3200
ๆฅ้€ฑใ‚‚ ใพใŸๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใŠ่ฉฑใ‚’ใŠๅฑŠใ‘ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:36
If you've enjoyed this program, make sure you listen to 6 Minute English.
122
456320
4200
ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใœใฒ 6 Minute English ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:40
And don't forget, we're on social media,
123
460520
2360
ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
07:42
so search for us under 'BBC learning English'.
124
462880
3480
ใ€ŒBBC learning Englishใ€ใงๆคœ็ดขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:46
Bye for now. Goodbye.
125
466360
2160
ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใˆใšใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7