Chimps chat like we do: BBC Learning English from the News

37,950 views ใƒป 2024-08-21

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
From BBC Learning English,
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BBC Learning English์˜
00:02
this is Learning English from the News, our podcast about the news headlines.
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๋‰ด์Šค ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํŒŸ์บ์ŠคํŠธ์ธ Learning English from the News์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:08
In this programme, how chimpanzees have conversations just like us.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ๋Š” ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
Hello, I'm. Phil. And I'm Beth.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ•„. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ฒ ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
In this program, we look at one big news story
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฐ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜
00:22
and the vocabulary in the headlines that will help you understand it.
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์™€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:26
You can find all the vocabulary and headlines from this episode,
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ดํœ˜์™€ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์€
00:30
as well as a worksheet, on our website,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์›Œํฌ์‹œํŠธ๋„ ๋‹น์‚ฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ
00:33
bbclearningenglish.com.
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bbclearningenglish.com์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
So, let's hear more about this story, Phil.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ž, ํ•„.
00:41
OK, so this story comes
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
00:44
from a study that's been observing chimpanzees over many decades.
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด ์˜จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
And they've seen that chimpanzees gesture with their hands to communicate.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†์ง“์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
Yeah. And chimpanzees or chimps, as we sometimes call them,
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์‘. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋‚˜ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋Š”
00:58
take turns to do this.
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๊ต๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
And they even interrupt each other, just like humans.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
So, this turn-taking, and the time between these turns, is actually
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
01:08
very similar to the way that we do it as humans, when we're communicating.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
And I have a headline here that's about the main finding of the study.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
Chimps share humans' 'snappy' conversational style.
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์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ '๋น ๋ฅธ' ๋Œ€ํ™” ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
And that's from BBC News in the UK.
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์˜๊ตญ BBC ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
Yep, again that headline. Chimps share humans' 'snappy' conversational style.
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๋„ค, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ ์ œ๋ชฉ์ด๊ตฐ์š”. ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ '๋น ๋ฅธ' ๋Œ€ํ™” ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
And that is from BBC News, in the UK.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ BBC ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Now, this headline is all about the way that chimps communicate with each other.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์€ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
We have this adjective 'snappy', which means quick, concise, and effective.
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ , ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ , ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์˜ 'snappy'๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
Yeah, and 'snap' is one of these words that sounds like what it represents -
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'snap'์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
that's an onomatopoeia, and it's a very quick sound.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์„ฑ์–ด ์ด๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
You can snap your fingers, a crocodile can snap its mouth shut.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ์ฐฐ์นต ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์•…์–ด๋Š” ์ž…์„ ๋‹ค๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
OK. And here, where it's describing the chimps' conversation as snappy,
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:03
it means that it's quick,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ 
02:05
it's concise, and that each turn has impact.
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๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋งค ํ„ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
Exactly. Now, we also have a phrase 'make it snappy', which means 'be quick'.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ. ์ด์ œ '๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์˜ 'make it snappy'๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
Maybe you're in a hurry,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์„œ๋‘๋ฅด๊ณ 
02:15
someone's forgotten their keys, and you say, come on, make it snappy โ€“
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ' ์–ด์„œ, ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ผ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
02:19
means 'be quick'.
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'๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
So, we had 'snappy', which means quick, concise and effective.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์˜ 'snappy'๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:28
For example, the writers managed to come up
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
02:31
with a snappy three word slogan for their advert.
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๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•œ ์„ธ ๋‹จ์–ด ์Šฌ๋กœ๊ฑด์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:36
This is Learning English from the News, our
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€
02:39
podcast all about the news headlines.
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๋‰ด์Šค ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ํŒŸ์บ์ŠคํŠธ์ธ Learning English from the News์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
Today, we're talking about a report,
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€
02:45
and it says that chimpanzees communicate in a similar way to us.
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์นจํŒฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
Yeah. So one of the things in this study is looking at
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์‘. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
02:53
just how snappy chimps are when they communicate,
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์นจํŒฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์žฌ๋น ๋ฅธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
02:56
and comparing that to humans.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
So, the average human response time in a conversation is 200 milliseconds.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์‘๋‹ต ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 200๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ดˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
That's a fifth of a second.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 5๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
And for chimps, it's 120 milliseconds.
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์นจํŒฌ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 120๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ดˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
So a little bit quicker. Now,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋น ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
actually for humans you do get variation between different cultures.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธํ™” ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
Sometimes these turns are longer and shorter.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšŒ์ „์€ ๋” ๊ธธ๊ณ  ์งง์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
And, actually, that was also seen in different groups
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
03:22
of chimps in this study.
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
So, we've got another headline here which is talking
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
03:27
about the speed of this turn-taking.
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์ด ํšŒ์ „์˜ ์†๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
This is from The Guardian, in the UK.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ The Guardian์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
Chimpanzees communicate in similar quick-fire fashion to humans,
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์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
03:38
study shows.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
And that headline again, chimpanzees communicate in similar quick-fire fashion
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์€ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
03:46
to humans, study shows.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
And that is from the Guardian, here in the UK.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ Guardian์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:50
Again, the two things in this headline are that chimps'
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ
03:54
communication is similar to ours, and is quick.
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์†Œํ†ต์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
So, we have another adjective here.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
It's a compound adjective that's 'quick-fire'.
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'๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ'๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
And we usually write this with a hyphen between 'quick' and 'fire'.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ 'quick'๊ณผ 'fire' ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์„ ๋„ฃ์–ด์„œ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
Now, some of the earliest examples of 'quick-fire' are about guns,
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'๋น ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๊ฒฉ'์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
04:12
meaning that they can fire a lot of shots quickly.
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์ด๋Š” ์ด์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:16
And that is still one way that 'quick-fire' is used.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ '๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ'๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
But, that's literal,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ
04:20
and of course, here in the headline, it's metaphorical.
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์ด๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์€์œ ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
And as a metaphor, 'quick-fire' just means that things come one
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์€์œ ์ ์œผ๋กœ '๋น ๋ฅธ ์‹คํ–‰'์€ ์ผ์ด
04:29
after another, quickly in a sequence.
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์ฐจ๋ก€๋กœ, ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
In fact, a common way that we use 'quick-fire' is to describe things happening
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, 'quick-fire'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์—ฐ์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:37
in quick-fire succession.
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.
04:39
And it's often used to describe the way that people speak,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
04:43
particularly if someone is very talkative, or if they speak very quickly.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ง์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
I asked for directions the other day
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ „์— ๊ธธ์„ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ
04:50
and the lady gave me a really quick-fire set of instructions.
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๊ทธ ์•„์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ์–ด์š”.
04:54
She spoke very fast.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
So we had 'quick-fire' โ€“ very fast, one after another.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋น ๋ฅธ ์‹คํ–‰'์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ, ์ฐจ๋ก€๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
For example, the rapper is known for her quick-fire delivery of rhymes.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ž˜ํผ๋Š” ์šด์œจ์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
This is Learning English from the News, from BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning English์˜ Learning English from the News์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
We're talking about a study that says chimpanzees communicate
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๊ฐ€
05:18
in a similar way to us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
So, this study says that sometimes chimpanzees wait
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ
05:25
for the other chimp to stop speaking, but sometimes they interrupt them.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ง์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
And in fact, in this study, up to seven turns in a row were observed.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 7๋ฒˆ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
Sometimes, chimps communicate to avoid conflict,
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
05:40
and sometimes they do it to make plans โ€“ to organize activities
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์ฆ‰
05:43
with other chimps.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์™€์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์กฐ์งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
And this communication can also be used to say that they want to share food,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์€ ์Œ์‹์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:50
but it can be the opposite.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
They might communicate to tell the other chimps to go away.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:56
And we've got a headline here that refers to this communication.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ด โ€‹โ€‹์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
Chimpanzees gesture back-and-forth quickly, like in human conversations.
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์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ชธ์ง“์„ ์•ž๋’ค๋กœ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
And that's from the website EurekAlert!
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ EurekAlert ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
06:07
which is from the US.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
Again, that headline: chimpanzees gesture back-and-forth quickly, like
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•ž๋’ค๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ชธ์ง“์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:15
in human conversations.
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.
06:17
And that's from the website EurekAlert!,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ EurekAlert! ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:19
in the US.
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.
06:20
OK, so here we have the idiom 'back-and-forth',
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ 'back-and-forth'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:25
which is being used to say how something happens.
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์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
It's like an adverb.
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
06:29
Now the word 'forth' is a bit old fashioned,
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์ด์ œ 'forth'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ตฌ์‹์ด์ง€๋งŒ
06:32
but it has survived in this phrase.
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์ด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
But really, it just means forwards, doesn't it?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:38
Yes. So, if something literally goes back-and-forth,
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์˜ˆ. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•ž๋’ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
06:42
it goes backwards and forwards.
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์•ž๋’ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
Think about a swing in a children's playground.
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ๋†€์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ทธ๋„ค๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:46
Now, here in the headline, it's not about literal movements, like on a swing.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์€ ๊ทธ๋„ค ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
It's about the flow of conversation that goes in two directions.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
So, from one chimp to the other, and back again, and up to seven times.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•œ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋กœ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋ฉฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 7๋ฒˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
'Back-and-forth' is also often used about conversation.
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'๋’ค๋กœ'๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
So, if you want to talk about a really successful social event,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •๋ง ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ต ํ–‰์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:09
you could say that the conversation flowed back-and-forth for hours.
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๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์™”๋‹ค๊ฐ”๋‹คํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
So, that's back-and-forth,
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์ฆ‰,
07:18
which means moving in one direction, and then coming back again.
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ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์˜€๋‹ค ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
The negotiations went back-and-forth until an agreement was reached.
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ํ˜‘์ƒ์€ ํ•ฉ์˜์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋๋‹ค.
07:29
That's it for this episode of Learning English from the News.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ์˜์–ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
We'll be back next week with another new story.
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๋‹ค์Œ์ฃผ์—๋„ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
If you've enjoyed this program, make sure you listen to 6 Minute English.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šฐ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด 6 Minute English๋ฅผ ๊ผญ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:40
And don't forget, we're on social media,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์— ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
07:42
so search for us under 'BBC learning English'.
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'BBC learning English'์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:46
Bye for now. Goodbye.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•. ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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