Using the present to talk about the past: BBC English Masterclass

74,219 views ใƒป 2016-07-18

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:09
Hi Sian here for BBC Learning English . I have a great joke for you.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€BBC Learning English ใฎ Sian ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ง ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅ†—่ซ‡ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:14
So, a pony walks into a bar and whispers "Can I have a beer."
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใƒใƒ‹ใƒผใŒใƒใƒผ ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใฆใ€ใ€Œใƒ“ใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใจใ•ใ•ใ‚„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:21
The barman replies, "Of course you can, but why are you whispering?"
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ใƒใƒผใƒ†ใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใชใœใ•ใ•ใ‚„ใใฎใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
00:25
And the pony says "Because I'm a little hoarse." Get it? A pony is 'a little horse'!
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ใใ—ใฆใƒใƒ‹ใƒผใฏใ€Œ็งใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใ—ใ‚ใŒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹๏ผŸ ใƒใƒ‹ใƒผใฏใ€Œๅฐใ•ใช้ฆฌใ€ใงใ™๏ผ
00:31
Ok, it's not the best joke, but did you notice what tense I used to tell the joke?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็งใŒใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
00:38
I used the present not the past. We often use the present to talk about the past, so
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็งใฏ้ŽๅŽปใงใฏใชใ็พๅœจใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใŸใก ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซ็พๅœจใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†
00:45
I'm going to share with you a few ways that we do this.
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ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:52
Last year I was swimming off the coast of New Zealand, when suddenly I see a shark
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ๆ˜จๅนดใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ธใƒผใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใฎๆตทๅฒธใงๆณณใ„ ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€็ช็„ถใ€
00:58
coming up behind me. Everyone starts screaming. I swim as fast as I can. It was very scary!
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ๅพŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ตใƒกใŒ่ฟ‘ใฅใ„ใฆใใ‚‹ใฎใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒๅซใณๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘้€ŸใๆณณใŽใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ€–ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™๏ผ
01:06
Did you notice? I started the story in the past, and then when I got to the exciting
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ๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ้ŽๅŽปใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผ ใฎใ‚จใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใซๅˆฐ้”ใ—ใŸใจใ
01:12
part of the story, I switched to the present. We do this to make the exciting part of the
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ใซใ€็พๅœจใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใฎใ‚จใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’
01:18
story more dramatic for the listener.
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒŠใƒผใซใจใฃใฆใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒžใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:23
I actually made it into the newspapers after that scary experience. Here is the headline:
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ใใฎๆใ‚ใ—ใ„็ตŒ้จ“ใฎๅพŒใ€็งใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆ–ฐ่žใซ่ผ‰ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
01:30
Terrified swimmer is chased out of sea.
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ใŠใณใˆใŸใ‚นใ‚คใƒžใƒผใŒๆตทใ‹ใ‚‰่ฟฝใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
01:34
So, newspaper journalists often use the present simple 'is chased' rather than the past 'was chased'.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ–ฐ่ž่จ˜่€… ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ€Œ่ฟฝใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชใ€Œ่ฟฝใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:42
They do this to make the story more fresh and immediate and dramatic.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ–ฐ้ฎฎใงๅณๆ™‚็š„ใ‹ใคๅЇ็š„ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ ใพใ™.
01:50
I hear you're getting married!
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็ตๅฉšใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่žใใพใ—ใŸ๏ผ ใ€Œ่žใใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽป
01:52
Did you notice, I used the present form of 'hear' rather than the past? We do this because
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ๅฝขใงใฏใชใ็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸ ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใŸใกใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใฎใฏ
01:57
we want to put more emphasis on what I heard, rather than the fact that I heard it.
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ใ€็งใŒ่žใ„ใŸใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€็งใŒ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใซใ‚‚ใฃใจ้‡็‚นใ‚’็ฝฎใใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.
02:03
We also do it with verbs like, say, tell and gather. For example,
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ใพใŸใ€sayใ€tellใ€gather ใชใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
02:08
She says she's leaving the country!
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅ›ฝใ‚’ๅ‡บใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:14
I've got a joke. A pony walks into a bar and...
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ๅ†—่ซ‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใƒ‹ใƒผใŒใƒใƒผใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใฆโ€ฆ
02:19
Don't worry, I'm not going to tell the joke again!
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใ€ไบŒๅบฆใจๅ†—่ซ‡ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ
02:22
But we use the present simple when telling jokes to make the joke more exciting
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ ใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅˆบๆฟ€
02:28
and more immediate for the listener.
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็š„ใงใƒชใ‚นใƒŠใƒผใซใจใฃใฆใ‚ˆใ‚Š็›ดๆŽฅ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:31
For more information about using the present
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็พๅœจ
02:33
to talk about the past and to practise this, go to our website: bbclearningenglish.com.
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ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ bbclearningenglish.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:40
And I'm not joking!
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ๅ†—่ซ‡ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ‚ˆ๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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