BBC English Masterclass: Inversion 2: Reduced conditionals and more

101,997 views ใƒป 2017-01-03

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Under no circumstances should you stop watching this video! Only here will you get the full
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ใ„ใ‹ใชใ‚‹็ŠถๆณใซใŠใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ ! ใ“ใ“ใงใฎใฟๅฎŒๅ…จใช
00:05
inversion explanation 2. Are you ready? Let's invert!
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ๅ่ปขใฎ่ชฌๆ˜ŽใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ 2. ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹? ๅ่ปขใ—ใ‚ˆใ† ๏ผ
00:17
Inversion happens in English for emphasis, dramatic purpose or formality. In order to
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ๅ่ปขใฏใ€ๅผท่ชฟใ€ ๅЇ็š„ใช็›ฎ็š„ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฝขๅผใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใง็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:22
invert, the subject verb object order of a normal sentence is changed in some way. Let's
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ๅ่ปขใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€้€šๅธธใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใƒปๅ‹•่ฉžใƒป็›ฎ็š„่ชžใฎ้ †ๅบใ‚’ ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:28
find out how. Go!
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ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่กŒใ‘๏ผ
00:33
So, by now you should be familiar with the conditional forms of English. These sentences
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใพใงใงใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆกไปถไป˜ใใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซ็ฒพ้€šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใš ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡
00:38
usually start with if and relate to the result or possible result of a real or imagined action.
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ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€if ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚Š ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใพใŸใฏๆƒณๅƒไธŠใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฎ็ตๆžœใพใŸใฏ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹็ตๆžœใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:43
So, for example:
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ไพ‹๏ผš
00:45
If you go to town, will you get me a cola? Or... If I were an animal, I would be a dog.
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็”บใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒฉใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏ... ็งใŒๅ‹•็‰ฉใชใ‚‰ใ€็Šฌใงใ™ใ€‚
00:50
Or... If I had stayed longer, I would have learned a new language.
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚... ใ‚‚ใฃใจ้•ทใๆปžๅœจใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใฎใซ.
00:54
However, in second and third conditionals we can remove the if and invert the subject
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใจ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถ ๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€if ใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใฆใ€ไธป่ชžใจๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’้€†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
00:59
and auxiliary verb. So:
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผš
01:00
Were I an animal, I would be a dog. Had I stayed longer, I would have learned
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็งใŒๅ‹•็‰ฉใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ็Šฌใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†. ใ‚‚ใฃใจ้•ทใๆปžๅœจใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆในใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
01:05
a new language. Got it?
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ใ€‚ ใจใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:19
To invert a first conditional in this way, we need to use the word 'should'. Should
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ๅ่ปข ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€'should' ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ should
01:23
makes a first conditional more polite and more tentative. So:
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ใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธๅฏงใง ๆšซๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผš
01:28
If you should go into town, will you get me a cola?
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็”บใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒฉใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:31
Now to invert we just remove the 'if' and invert the subject and auxiliary verb as normal.
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ๅ่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œifใ€ใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใ€ ้€šๅธธใฉใŠใ‚Šไธป่ชžใจๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ่ปขใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:36
So:
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผš
01:37
Should you go in to town, will you get me a cola?
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็”บใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒฉใ‚’ใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:39
It's also worth remembering that negatives in these forms are not contracted. So:
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฝขๅผใฎใƒใ‚ฌใฏๅŽ็ธฎใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ . ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰:
01:44
Should you not go into town... Were I not a human...
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็”บใซ่กŒใในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ๅๅ‰: ็งใฏไบบ้–“ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸ
01:48
And... Had I not left so early... Got it?
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. ๅๅ‰:็งใฏ. ๅๅ‰:็งใฏใ€ๆ—ฉใๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ. ๅๅ‰:ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
02:03
When an adverb of place or movement is put at the beginning of a clause, then the whole
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ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚„ๅ‹•ใใ‚’่กจใ™ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ ็ฏ€ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใซ็ฝฎใๅ ดๅˆ
02:08
verb phrase, and not just the auxiliary verb, can be put before the subject. This is done
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ใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžๅฅๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ไธป่ชžใฎ ๅ‰ใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
02:14
for dramatic effect and is usually conveyed in a written style and even more so when introducing
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ๅЇ็š„ใชๅŠนๆžœใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ€้€šๅธธใฏ ๆ–‡ไฝ“ใงไผใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒ
02:19
a new noun. So, for example:
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ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใชใŠใ•ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐ
02:22
The spy came through the window, becomes more dramatic with the inversion:
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ใ€ใ€Œใ‚นใƒ‘ใ‚คใŒ็ช“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใฃใฆใใŸใ€ใฏ ใ€ๅ่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅЇ็š„ใซใชใ‚Š
02:26
Through the window came the spy.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ็ช“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚นใƒ‘ใ‚คใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใใŸใ€ใ€‚
02:28
300 men would stand in the pass, becomes more dramatic with the inversion:
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300 ไบบใฎ็”ทๆ€งใŒๅณ ใซ็ซ‹ใก ใ€ๅ่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅЇ็š„ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:34
In the pass would stand 300 men.
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ๅณ ใซ 300 ไบบใฎ็”ทๆ€งใŒ็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:44
This style of inversion is more common in speech with words like here, and there and
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ใ“ใฎใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใฎๅ่ปขใฏ ใ€here ใ‚„ there ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚„
02:49
small adverbials. For example:
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ๅฐใ•ใชๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹๏ผš
02:51
There sat my father. On ran the racers.
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็งใฎ็ˆถใŒใใ“ใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใƒฌใƒผใ‚ตใƒผใ‚’่ตฐใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใ€‚
02:55
I opened the box and out jumped a puppy!
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็ฎฑใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจๅญ็ŠฌใŒ้ฃ›ใณๅ‡บใ—ใพใ—ใŸ๏ผ
02:58
But, if you use a pronoun, it's important that you put the pronoun before the verb.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
03:04
So:
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So:
03:05
Not: There sat my father. But: There he sat. Not: On ran the racers. But: On they ran.
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Not: ใใ“ใซ็งใฎ็ˆถใŒๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—๏ผšใใ“ใซๅฝผใฏๅบงใฃใŸใ€‚ ใชใ„: ใƒฌใƒผใ‚ตใƒผใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—๏ผšๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ตฐใฃใŸใ€‚
03:10
I opened the box and out jumped a puppy. Or: ... out it jumped. Got it?
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็ฎฑใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅญ็ŠฌใŒ้ฃ›ใณๅ‡บใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ: ... ้ฃ›ใณๅ‡บใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใจใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:31
So beautiful was she that I fell in love immediately
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03:36
We can use so plus an adjective, then we invert the normal subject and auxiliary verb, and
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so ใจๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ ใ€้€šๅธธใฎไธป่ชžใจๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ่ปขใ•ใ›ใ€
03:42
finally we use 'that' to describe how strongly something's description affected us and what
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ 'that' ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜ŽใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉๅผทใ็งใŸใกใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆ
03:49
the consequence was. So beautiful was she that I fell in love. We can do the same thing
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ใ€ใใฎ็ตๆžœใŒใฉใ†ใชใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™. ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็พŽใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใง ใ€็งใฏๆ‹ใซ่ฝใกใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:56
with a noun using such:
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such ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๅ่ฉžใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜
03:58
Such a beautiful woman was she that I fell in love immediately. Got it?
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ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใจใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:10
Did you get it? Of course you got it. For more information please go to bbclearning.com.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ— ใŸใ€‚ ่ฉณ็ดฐใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€bbclearning.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:15
I've been Dan, you've been fantastic. Let's invert. See you on the flip side, guys!
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็งใฏใƒ€ใƒณใงใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ่ปขใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅๅฏพๅดใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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