A vaccine for cancer โฒ๏ธ 6 Minute English

28,585 views ใƒป 2025-02-27

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:07
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ BBC Learning English ใฎ 6 Minute English ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:11
I'm Neil. And I'm Beth. In our lifetime,
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็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใƒ™ใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎ็”Ÿๆถฏใฎใ†ใกใ€
00:14
one in five people will be affected by cancer, a disease
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5ไบบใซ1ไบบใŒ ็™Œใซ็ฝนๆ‚ฃใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚็™Œใจใฏใ€
00:18
where cells grow uncontrollably and cause tumours in the body.
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็ดฐ่ƒžใŒๅˆถๅพกไธ่ƒฝใซๅข—ๆฎ–ใ— ใ€ไฝ“ๅ†…ใซ่…ซ็˜ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™็—…ๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:22
Tumours can be benign, meaning not cancerous, or malignant,
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่…ซ็˜ใฏ่‰ฏๆ€ง๏ผˆ ็™Œใงใฏใชใ„๏ผ‰ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
00:27
meaning cancerous.
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ๆ‚ชๆ€ง๏ผˆ็™Œใงใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผ‰ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:29
And in 2022 there were an estimated 9.7 million deaths
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ใใ—ใฆ2022ๅนดใซใฏใ€ไธ–็•Œไธญใงๆ‚ชๆ€ง็™Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ ๆญปไบก่€…ใŒ970ไธ‡ไบบใซ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆŽจๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:34
from malignant cancers worldwide.
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ใ€‚
00:37
But in this programme, we'll be focusing on some good news instead.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎ็•ช็ต„ใงใฏใ€ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ่‰ฏใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:41
Vaccines are medicine which protect the human body
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ใƒฏใ‚ฏใƒใƒณใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ็—…ๆฐ—ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹
00:44
by making it immune from a certain disease.
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ๅ…็–ซใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงไบบไฝ“ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹่–ฌใงใ™ ใ€‚
00:46
Now there's been a sudden and important discovery,
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็พๅœจใ€mRNAใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฏใ‚ฏใƒใƒณใฎ้–‹็™บใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ ็ช็„ถใฎ้‡่ฆใช็™บ่ฆ‹ใ€็”ปๆœŸ็š„ใช
00:49
a breakthrough, in the development of a new vaccine called mRNA.
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้€ฒๆญฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
00:54
So could a vaccine for cancer soon become a reality?
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ใงใฏใ€ ใŒใ‚“ใฎใƒฏใ‚ฏใƒใƒณใฏ่ฟ‘ใ„ใ†ใกใซๅฎŸ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
00:58
That's what we'll be finding out, as well as learning
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็™บ่ฆ‹ใ—ใ€ ใพใŸ
01:01
some useful new words and phrases.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
01:04
And remember, if you like listening to 6 Minute English,
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ใพใŸใ€ 6 Minute English ใ‚’่ดใใชใŒใ‚‰
01:07
and want to read along at the same time,
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ๅŒๆ™‚ใซ่ชญใฟใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๅฝ“็คพใฎ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ bbclearningenglish.com ใง็•ช็ต„ใฎ
01:10
you can find a transcript for the programme
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ใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒ—ใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
01:12
on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.
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ใ€‚
01:16
Now, I have a question for you, Beth.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒ™ใ‚นใ•ใ‚“ใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:18
We've mentioned some of the most recent vaccines,
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ๆœ€ๆ–ฐใฎใƒฏใ‚ฏใƒใƒณใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่งฆใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
01:21
but which disease did the first successful vaccine treat?
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใŸใƒฏใ‚ฏใƒใƒณใฏใฉใฎ็—…ๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆฒป็™‚ใ—ใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
01:25
Was it a. flu, b. polio or c. smallpox?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใงใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚ ใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใƒซใ‚จใƒณใ‚ถใ€bใ€‚ ใƒใƒชใ‚ช ใพใŸใฏcใ€‚ ๅคฉ็„ถ็—˜๏ผŸ
01:30
I'm going to say polio.
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ใƒใƒชใ‚ชใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:32
OK. Well we'll find out the correct answer at the end of the programme.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆญฃ่งฃใฏ ็•ช็ต„ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:36
You might wonder why
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ใชใœ
01:37
the body's immune system doesn't fight cancer automatically.
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ไฝ“ใฎๅ…็–ซใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใŒ ่‡ชๅ‹•็š„ใซ็™Œใจๆˆฆใ‚ใชใ„ใฎใ‹ไธๆ€่ญฐใซๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:41
The reason is that cancer has clever ways
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ใใฎ็†็”ฑใฏใ€ ใŒใ‚“ใซใฏไบบ้–“ใฎ
01:44
of hiding from our natural defences,
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่‡ช็„ถ้˜ฒๅพกใ‹ใ‚‰้€ƒใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅทงๅฆ™ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ ใ€
01:46
as Dr Meredith McKean, director of research at Tennessee Oncology,
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ใจ ใƒ†ใƒใ‚ทใƒผ่…ซ็˜ๅญฆ็ ”็ฉถๆ‰€ใฎ็ ”็ฉถ่ฒฌไปป่€…ใƒกใƒฌใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚นใƒปใƒžใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใƒณๅšๅฃซใฏ
01:50
explained to BBC World Service programme, The Inquiry.
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BBC ใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใฎ็•ช็ต„ใ€Œใ‚ถใƒปใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฏใƒฏใ‚คใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใ€ใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใŒใ‚“็ดฐ่ƒžใŒใ€
01:54
There's been a number of studies that have demonstrated
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01:57
the different techniques that the cancer has developed
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02:01
to be able to put up signals or proteins essentially
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02:05
on the surface of the cancer cells, to tell the immune system 'Go away!
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ๅ…็–ซ็ณปใซใ€Œ็ซ‹ใกๅŽปใ‚Œ๏ผใ€ใจไผใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใŒใ‚“็ดฐ่ƒžใฎ่กจ้ขใซใ‚ทใ‚ฐใƒŠใƒซใ‚„ใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‘ใ‚ฏ่ณชใ‚’ๆ”พๅ‡บใงใใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆŠ€่ก“ใ‚’้–‹็™บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฎŸ่จผใ—ใŸ็ ”็ฉถใŒๆ•ฐๅคšใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:10
There's nothing here to look at!'
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใชใ‚“ใฆไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆ๏ผ'
02:12
and so it's actually been hijacking these receptors
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ—ๅฎนไฝ“ใ‚’ไน—ใฃๅ–ใฃใฆใ€
02:16
to essentially tell the immune system to kind of take the brakes off,
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ๅ…็–ซ็ณปใซ ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’่งฃ้™คใ—ใ€ใŒใ‚“ใจใฎๆˆฆใ„ใซ
02:20
and be more aggressive in fighting cancer.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ฉๆฅต็š„ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŒ‡็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
02:22
That's really allowed a breakthrough with immune therapy
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ใใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€
02:26
over the past decade.
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้ŽๅŽป 10 ๅนด้–“ใงๅ…็–ซ็™‚ๆณ•ใฏ้ฃ›่บ็š„ใซ้€ฒๆญฉใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:28
Dr McKean says
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ใƒžใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใƒณๅšๅฃซใฏใ€
02:29
that a number of studies have demonstrated how cancer spreads.
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ๅคšใใฎ็ ”็ฉถใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ ใŒใ‚“ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅบƒใŒใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒๅฎŸ่จผใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ชžใ‚‹ใ€‚
02:33
She uses the phrase 'a number of' to mean several,
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€Œใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
02:37
but it also makes her statement more convincing because,
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ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ็ ”็ฉถใฏ 1 ใคใฎ็ ”็ฉถใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ็™บ่จ€ใฏ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
02:40
of course, several studies are better than just one.
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ใ€‚
02:44
Cancer cells switch off the immune system
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ใŒใ‚“็ดฐ่ƒžใฏ
02:47
by pretending to be healthy cells.
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ๅฅๅบทใช็ดฐ่ƒžใ‚’่ฃ…ใฃใฆๅ…็–ซใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’็„กๅŠนใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใ‚‹ใงใ€Œใ“ใ“ใซใฏ
02:49
It's like they're saying 'nothing to see here',
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ไฝ•ใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใง ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใตใ–ใ‘ใฆใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้š ใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€
02:52
an informal phrase which can be used to encourage people to move
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ไบบใ€…ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‹•ใ„ใŸใ‚Š็›ฎใ‚’ใใ‚‰ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฟƒใ™ใจใใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใ™
02:55
or look away from something, either in a playful way or to cover something up.
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ใ€‚
03:00
For example, a police officer at a crime scene might say 'nothing to see here',
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็Šฏ็ฝช็พๅ ดใซใ„ใ‚‹่ญฆๅฏŸๅฎ˜ใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใ‚’็ซ‹ใกๅŽปใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ใ€Œใ“ใ“ใซใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚่ฆ‹ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
03:05
to move people on.
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ใ€‚
03:06
So, in other words, cancer hijacks healthy cells.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ็™Œใฏๅฅๅบทใช็ดฐ่ƒžใ‚’ไน—ใฃๅ–ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:10
It takes control of something which doesn't belong to it
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใซๅฑžใ•ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ”ฏ้…ใ—
03:14
and uses it for its own advantage.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅˆฉ็›ŠใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:16
So, how would a vaccine change things?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใƒฏใ‚ฏใƒใƒณใฏ็Šถๆณใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
03:19
Well, existing treatments
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ๅŒ–ๅญฆ็™‚ๆณ•ใชใฉใฎๆ—ขๅญ˜ใฎๆฒป็™‚ๆณ•ใฏใ€
03:20
like chemotherapy aggressively target the cancer,
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ใŒใ‚“ใ‚’็ฉๆฅต็š„ใซๆจ™็š„ใจใ—ใพใ™
03:24
but also attack healthy tissue, creating unpleasant side effects.
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ใŒใ€ๅฅๅบทใช็ต„็น”ใ‚‚ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ—ใ€ ไธๅฟซใชๅ‰ฏไฝœ็”จใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ–นใ€
03:28
New breakthrough vaccines,
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็”ปๆœŸ็š„ใชๆ–ฐใƒฏใ‚ฏใƒใƒณใฏใ€ใ™ใงใซ็™Œใซ็ฝนๆ‚ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ‚ฃ่€…ใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€
03:30
on the other hand, retrain the immune system to recognise cancer cells
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ๅ…็–ซ ็ณปใŒ็™Œ็ดฐ่ƒžใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใ€
03:34
and eliminate those, and only those, naturally,
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่‡ช็„ถใซ็™Œ็ดฐ่ƒžใ ใ‘ใ‚’ๆŽ’้™คใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ†่จ“็ทดใ—ใพใ™
03:37
even in patients with the disease already.
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ใ€‚
03:41
Here's Professor Eduardo Sanchez of the Anderson Cancer Center in Texas,
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ใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚นๅทžใ‚ขใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใ‚ฝใƒณใŒใ‚“ใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใฎใ‚จใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใ‚ขใƒซใƒ‰ใƒปใ‚ตใƒณใƒใ‚งใ‚นๆ•™ๆŽˆใŒใ€
03:45
explaining more to BBC World Service's, The Inquiry.
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BBCใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใฎใ€ŒThe Inquiryใ€ใง่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:50
Basically, the cancer cells are telling the immune system, 'Don't attack me,
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ใŒใ‚“็ดฐ่ƒžใฏ ๅ…็–ซ็ณปใซใ€Œๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ—ใชใ„ใงใ€
03:54
don't eat me', right?
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้ฃŸในใชใ„ใงใ€ใจไผใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใญ๏ผŸ
03:56
The immune system has forgotten how to go about recognising those cancer cells,
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ๅ…็–ซใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใฏใŒใ‚“็ดฐ่ƒžใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ ใ€
04:04
becoming blind to recognise those aberrations that cancer cells generate,
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ใŒใ‚“็ดฐ่ƒžใŒ็”Ÿๆˆใ™ใ‚‹็•ฐๅธธใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใงใใชใใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ“ใง
04:09
and what we want to do with vaccines is to re-educate the immune system.
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็งใŸใกใŒใƒฏใ‚ฏใƒใƒณใงใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ ๅ…็–ซใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’ๅ†ๆ•™่‚ฒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:17
In cancer patients, the immune system is blind to cancerous growths.
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ใŒใ‚“ๆ‚ฃ่€…ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ…็–ซใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใฏ ใŒใ‚“ใฎๅข—ๆฎ–ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿ็Ÿฅใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ…็–ซ็ณปใฏใ€
04:21
It completely fails to notice them or be aware of their danger,
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ใ‚ฆใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใซใพใฃใŸใๆฐ—ใฅใ‹ใšใ€ ใใฎๅฑ้™บๆ€งใ‚‚่ช่ญ˜ใงใใชใ„
04:25
so the vaccine re-educates the immune system,
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒฏใ‚ฏใƒใƒณใฏๅ…็–ซ็ณปใ‚’ๅ†ๆ•™่‚ฒใ—ใ€
04:28
or teaches it to behave, in a different way.
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็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใง่กŒๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
04:31
To recap, some cancer treatments work by unblocking our blocked natural defences,
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่ฆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไธ€้ƒจใฎ็™Œๆฒป็™‚ใฏ ใƒ–ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่‡ช็„ถ้˜ฒๅพกใ‚’่งฃ้™คใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๅŠนๆžœใ‚’็™บๆฎใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
04:37
whereas vaccines retrain the immune system to find
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ใƒฏใ‚ฏใƒใƒณใฏๅ…็–ซ็ณปใ‚’ๅ†่จ“็ทดใ—ใฆ
04:40
and attack cancer cells naturally.
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็™Œ็ดฐ่ƒžใ‚’่‡ช็„ถใซ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆๆ”ปๆ’ƒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:42
Because these two approaches are quite different,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒญใƒผใƒใฏ ใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
04:45
they can be used together and individually.
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ไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ€ๅ€‹ๅˆฅใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:48
So to answer my original question, Neil, a vaccine for cancer
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€็™Œใฎใƒฏใ‚ฏใƒใƒณใŒๅฎŸ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚
04:52
might not be too far away.
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ใใ†้ ใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:54
But how about your question?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹? ใใ‚ใใ‚
04:56
Isn't it time you revealed the answer?
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใƒฏใ‚ฏใƒใƒณใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ
04:58
I asked which disease was first successfully treated by a vaccine?
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ๅˆใ‚ใฆๆฒป็™‚ใซๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใŸ็—…ๆฐ—ใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใจๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:02
And I said polio.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใƒใƒชใ‚ชใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:03
Was I right? You were wrong,
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็งใฏๆญฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆ
05:05
I'm afraid. The correct option was C, which is smallpox.
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ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆญฃ่งฃใฏCใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ๅคฉ็„ถ็—˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:09
OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned in this programme,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็•ช็ต„ใงๅญฆใ‚“ใ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใพใšใฏ
05:13
starting with 'breakthrough', a sudden, dramatic and important discovery.
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ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒฌใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒซใƒผใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š็ช็„ถใฎ ๅŠ‡็š„ใช้‡่ฆใช็™บ่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:17
'A number of' something means several or many
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ใ€Œa number ofใ€ใฏ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใพใŸใฏๅคšๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
05:21
and can add credibility to what you say.
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใซไฟกๆ†‘ๆ€งใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:24
The phrase 'nothing to see here' is used to discourage people
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ใ€Œใ“ใ“ใซใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏใ€ ไบบใ€…ใŒ
05:27
from paying attention or looking too closely at something,
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€่ฟ‘ใฅใใ™ใŽใŸใ‚Šใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
05:30
or to move them away.
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้ ใ–ใ‘ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
05:32
If you 'hijack' something, you use something that doesn't belong to you
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œใƒใ‚คใ‚ธใƒฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’
05:36
for your own benefit.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅˆฉ็›ŠใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:38
Being 'blind to' something means failing to notice it
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€Œ็›ฒ็›ฎใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใซๆฐ—ใฅใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Š
05:41
or recognise it as a threat.
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ใ€่„…ๅจใจใ—ใฆ่ช่ญ˜ใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:43
And finally, to 're-educate' means to teach somebody to think
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œๅ†ๆ•™่‚ฒใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใซ
05:47
or behave in a new or different way.
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใง่€ƒใˆใŸใ‚Š่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:50
Once again, our six minutes are up, but if you're hungry for more,
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€6 ๅˆ†ใŒ็ตŒ้Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใฃใจ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
05:54
head over to our website, bbclearningenglish.com,
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ๅฝ“็คพใฎ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ bbclearningenglish.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:57
where you can find a worksheet for this programme and it has a quiz in it.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใฎใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใจใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒ็”จๆ„ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:02
Good luck and we'll see you again soon.
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ๅนธ้‹ใ‚’็ฅˆใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸ ใ™ใใซใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:04
Bye for now. Goodbye!
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ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใˆใšใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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