Russian Navalny Protests: BBC News Review

58,167 views ใƒป 2021-01-26

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello and welcome to News Review from BBC Learning English.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€BBC Learning English ใฎ News Review ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:03
I'm Neil. Joining me is Catherine. Hi Catherine.
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็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใซๅŠ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ตใƒชใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ตใƒชใƒณใ€‚
00:06
Hello Neil and hello everybody. Yes, today's show is all about protests
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€ใใ—ใฆ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใฏ
00:11
and demonstrations that took place in Russia over the weekend.
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ใ€้€ฑๆœซใซใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใง่กŒใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸๆŠ—่ญฐใจใƒ‡ใƒขใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
00:16
If you'd like to test yourself on the vocabulary you learn in this programme,
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ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใŸ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
00:20
there's a quiz on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.
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ใฏใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ bbclearningenglish.com ใซใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:24
Now, let's find out some more about the story from this BBC News report:
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ BBC ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฎใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ชฟในใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:53
So, Alexei Navalny, the high profile critic of Vladimir Putin,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ฆใƒฉใ‚ธใƒผใƒŸใƒซ ใƒ—ใƒผใƒใƒณใฎ่‘—ๅใชๆ‰น่ฉ•ๅฎถใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚ค ใƒŠใƒฏใƒชใƒŒใ‚คใฏใ€
00:58
returned to Russia just over a week ago.
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ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ 1 ้€ฑ้–“ๅ‰ใซใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใซๆˆปใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:01
He was arrested when he arrived in the country
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ๅฝผใฏใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใซๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸใจใใซ้€ฎๆ•ใ•ใ‚Œใ€ๅฝผใฎ
01:04
and protestors have come out onto the streets of Russia
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ใƒ‡ใƒขใฎ่ฆๆฑ‚ใซๅฟœใˆใฆๆŠ—่ญฐ่€…ใŒใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใฎ่ก—้ ญใซๅ‡บใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
01:08
in response to his requests for demonstrations.
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ใ€‚
01:12
Now, these protests have taken place in hundreds of locations around the country.
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็พๅœจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆŠ—่ญฐ่กŒๅ‹•ใฏๅ…จๅ›ฝใฎไฝ•็™พใ‚‚ใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใง่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:17
In Moscow, the riot police were out.
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ใƒขใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒฏใงใฏๆฉŸๅ‹•้šŠใŒๅ‡บๅ‹•ใ€‚
01:20
They beat and dragged away some of the demonstrators.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒ‡ใƒขๅ‚ๅŠ ่€…ใฎไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใ‚’ๆฎดใ‚Šใ€ๅผ•ใใšใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:24
Observers are saying these are the largest protests
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ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ถใƒผใƒใƒผใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
01:27
that have happened in the country for about ten years.
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ใ“ใฎๅ›ฝใง็ด„ 10 ๅนด้–“ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸๆœ€ๅคงใฎๆŠ—่ญฐ่กŒๅ‹•ใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:31
OK. Some really interesting language being used
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:34
in the headlines around this story.
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ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใซใฏใ€้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„่จ€่‘‰ใŒไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:36
You've found three: what have you got, Catherine?
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3 ใค่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ไฝ•ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ตใƒชใƒณ?
01:39
Yes. We have: 'spell the end', 'downplays' and 'echoes'.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚นใƒšใƒซใƒปใ‚ถใƒปใ‚จใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ณใƒผใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:46
'Spell the end', 'downplays' and 'echoes'.
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ใ€Œ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ‚’็ถดใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ้Ÿฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
01:49
So, let's start then with your first headline please.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:53
Yes. We're starting with The Independent, here in the UK โ€“ the headline:
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“่‹ฑๅ›ฝใงใฏใ€The Independent ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ โ€“ ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—:
02:06
'Spell the end' โ€“ indicate a major change is going to happen.
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'Spell the end' โ€“ ๅคงใใชๅค‰ๅŒ–ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:11
Yes. Now, it's a three-word expression:
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ 3 ๅ˜่ชžใฎ่กจ็พใงใ™:
02:14
'spell' โ€“ S-P-E-L-L โ€“ 'the' โ€“ T-H-E โ€“ and 'end' โ€“ E-N-D. 'Spell the end.'
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'spell' โ€“ S-P-E-L-L โ€“ 'the' โ€“ T-H-E โ€“ ใŠใ‚ˆใณ 'end' โ€“ E-N-D. ใ€Œ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ‚’็ถดใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€
02:23
OK. Well, the first word there is 'spell', which is something that you have just done
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€Œใ‚นใƒšใƒซใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่กŒใฃใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Š
02:28
and the effect of 'spelling' something is to make it really clear, isn't it?
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ใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œใ‚นใƒšใƒซใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎๅŠนๆžœใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
02:32
Exactly that, yes. When you spell out a word, you say those letters
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ใพใ•ใซใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€
02:37
that make up the word one by one so it's really clear how you actually make that word.
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆง‹ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ 1 ใคใšใค็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸใ‹ใŒ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:43
And if something 'spells the end' for something, it makes it very, very clear
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซใ€Œ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ‘Šใ’ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบ
02:49
that something โ€“ this thing is going to finish or come to an end.
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ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ โ€“ ใ“ใฎใ“ใจใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:54
Yes. And we use the preposition 'for', don't we, in this expression?
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใงใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€Œforใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:58
Yeah. Your can โ€“ something can 'spell the end for' something else.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ โ€“ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไป–ใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ‘Šใ’ใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
03:03
One event can make it clear that another situation will finish.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€ๅˆฅใฎ็ŠถๆณใŒ็ต‚ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:08
So, for example, it is hoped by millions of people that the...
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไฝ•็™พไธ‡ไบบใ‚‚ใฎไบบใ€…ใŒใ€
03:15
the development of vaccines for coronavirus will 'spell the end' for the pandemic.
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ใ‚ณใƒญใƒŠใ‚ฆใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใฎใƒฏใ‚ฏใƒใƒณใฎ้–‹็™บใŒใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎใ€Œ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ‘Šใ’ใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:20
Yes, that's a really good example, yes. The pandemic has been going on for a while.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใ็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:25
There is lots of hope that the vaccines will bring the pandemic to an end:
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ใƒฏใ‚ฏใƒใƒณใŒใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ็ต‚ๆญข็ฌฆใ‚’ๆ‰“ใค
03:29
that the vaccines will 'spell an end' for the pandemic.
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ใ“ใจใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใƒฏใ‚ฏใƒใƒณใŒใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใ€Œ็ต‚ๆญข็ฌฆใ‚’ๆ‰“ใคใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅธŒๆœ›ใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:33
Likewise, electric cars may well 'spell the end' for the petrol engine.
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ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€้›ปๆฐ—่‡ชๅ‹•่ปŠใฏใ‚ฌใ‚ฝใƒชใƒณใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒณใซใ€Œ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ‘Šใ’ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:39
Another good example, yes.
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ๅˆฅใฎ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:41
Now, the word 'spell' that starts this expression
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใฎๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใฎใ€Œใพใ˜ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰
03:47
is both regular and irregular in the past, isn't it?
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ใฏใ€ๆ˜”ใฏ่ฆๅ‰‡็š„ใงใ‚‚ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚
03:50
Interesting word, yes. The past of 'spell' is 'spelt' โ€“ S-P-E-L-T.
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่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ 'spell' ใฎ้ŽๅŽปใฏ 'spelt' โ€“ S-P-E-L-T.
03:56
But it can also be 'spelled' โ€“ S-P-E-L-L-E-D.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€S-P-E-L-L-E-D ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œ็ถดใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:01
'Spelt' or 'spelled': both have the same meaning. You can use whichever one you like.
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'Spelt' ใพใŸใฏ 'spelled': ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŠๅฅฝใใชๆ–นใ‚’ใŠไฝฟใ„ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:07
OK. Let's get a summary:
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†:
04:17
If you are interested in stories about protests, we have another one, haven't we Catherine?
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ๆŠ—่ญฐใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ฉฑใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅˆฅใฎ่ฉฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ตใƒชใƒณ?
04:22
We do. This is an archive story about protests in Belarus.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒ™ใƒฉใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใงใฎๆŠ—่ญฐใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใƒผใ‚ซใ‚คใƒ– ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
04:25
If you want to see that story just click the link.
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ใใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:29
OK. Now, your second headline please.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:31
And we're right here at the BBC for this one โ€“ the headline:
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใฎใŸใ‚ใซ BBC ใซใ„ใพใ™ โ€“ ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—:
04:42
'Downplays' โ€“ makes something seem less important than it is.
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ใ€Œ่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ€ โ€“ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™.
04:48
Yes. Two-word expression here, but it is written as one word:
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ 2 ่ชžใฎ่กจ็พใงใ™ใŒใ€
04:54
'down' โ€“ D-O-W-N โ€“ 'plays' โ€“ P-L-A-Y-S.
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ใ€Œdownใ€ โ€“ D-O-W-N โ€“ ใ€Œplaysใ€ โ€“ P-L-A-Y-S ใจใ„ใ† 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใจใ—ใฆ่จ˜่ฟฐใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:58
Put them together and you have the verb: 'downplays'.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:03
Now, the first part of that word โ€“ 'down' โ€“ it's quite clear to see
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œdownใ€ใซ
05:07
that this carries the meaning of 'reduce': reduce something in importance.
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œreduceใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้‡่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:13
But 'plays' โ€“ how does that work?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œๅ†็”Ÿใ€ โ€“ ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
05:16
Yes. 'Plays' is interesting, isn't it? Well, 'plays'ย โ€“ when you 'play' a game
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆˆฏๆ›ฒใ€ใฃใฆ้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ€Œใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ€
05:20
you often use strategy, don't you, in order to win the game?
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใซๅ‹ใคใŸใ‚ใซๆˆฆ็•ฅใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚
05:24
The best technique that gets you the result you want.
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ๆœ›ใ‚€็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€‚
05:27
And if you 'downplay' something, it's really to do with a strategy
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œ่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœ›ใ‚€็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆˆฆ็•ฅใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆ
05:32
for getting the result you want and if the result you want
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœ›ใ‚€็ตๆžœใŒ
05:36
depends on somebody thinking that something's not important,
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้‡่ฆใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซไพๅญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€
05:40
you're going to 'downplay' the importance of that.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎ้‡่ฆๆ€งใ‚’ใ€Œ่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™.
05:43
You're going to minimise the importance so that you get what you want.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€้‡่ฆๆ€งใ‚’ๆœ€ๅฐ้™ใซๆŠ‘ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:47
So, it's a kind of strategy-related word.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไธ€็จฎใฎๆˆฆ็•ฅ้–ข้€ฃใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:50
OK. So, we can again use the example of coronavirus:
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€ๅ†ใณใ‚ณใƒญใƒŠใ‚ฆใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:53
from the beginning and up to now there are some people
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ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰็พๅœจใซ่‡ณใ‚‹ใพใง
05:57
who 'downplay' the threat of coronavirus.
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ใ€ใ‚ณใƒญใƒŠใ‚ฆใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใฎ่„…ๅจใ‚’ใ€Œ่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใŒไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:00
There are, yes. A lot of people 'downplay' the threat of coronavirus:
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒใ‚ณใƒญใƒŠใ‚ฆใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใฎ่„…ๅจใ‚’ใ€Œ่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ€ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:03
for various reasons they want people to believe
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็†็”ฑใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ณใƒญใƒŠใ‚ฆใ‚คใƒซใ‚น
06:06
that it's not that serious or not that important.
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ใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉๆทฑๅˆปใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ้‡่ฆใงใฏใชใ„ใจไบบใ€…ใซไฟกใ˜ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:10
OK. So, we have this word 'downplay' โ€“ so the opposite surely, Catherine, must be 'up-play'?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€Œ่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ตใƒชใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใ€ๅๅฏพ่ชžใฏ็ขบใ‹ใซใ€ŒไธŠๅ‘ใใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?
06:18
You'd like to think so, yes, but I think it's not actually.
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ใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฎŸใฏใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:21
You can't say 'downplay' is... 'up-play' is the opposite.
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ใ€Œ่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ€ใŒโ€ฆใ€ŒไธŠๅ‘ใใ€ใฏใใฎๅๅฏพใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:25
But we do have some expressions you can use:
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹่กจ็พใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:27
very informally, you can say 'to big up'
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้žๅธธใซใใ ใ‘ใŸ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€'to big up' ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
06:30
and if you 'big up something' or you 'big something up'
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ใพใ™ใ€‚'big up something' ใพใŸใฏ 'big something up'
06:33
you make it seem more important than perhaps someone else thinks it is.
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ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:37
Other words: you can 'play something up', you can 'talk something up' as well,
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่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไธŠๆผ”ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใ€ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹
06:42
so a few phrasal verbs you can use there to make... which... as the opposite of 'downplay'.
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ใฎใงใ€ใใ“ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉž.
06:48
OK. And now, this word 'downplay', it's neither formal nor informal;
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ€Œ่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ๅ…ฌๅผใงใ‚‚้žๅ…ฌๅผใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:52
it could be used in any kind of situation.
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ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:55
Yeah, of course. Yes, I mean it's a politician's word, you know.
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ใˆใˆใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€ๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฎถใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
06:58
People love the... politicians always 'downplay' things that aren't to their advantage
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ไบบใ€…ใฏ... ๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฎถใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใฎๅˆฉ็›Šใซใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ€Œ่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ€ใ—
07:04
and then 'big up' other things, but let's say your kids don't want to go to bed, Neil:
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ€Œๅคงใ’ใ•ใซใ€ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒๅฏใŸใŒใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ๏ผš
07:10
they want to watch something on TV and you don't want them to stay up late,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๅคœ
07:13
so you're going to 'downplay' the importance of the programme they want to watch.
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ๆ›ดใ‹ใ—ใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่ฆ‹ใŸใ„็•ช็ต„ใฎ้‡่ฆๆ€งใ‚’ใ€Œ่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:18
So, you'll say: 'Oh it's not so good.'
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใใชใ„ใ€.
07:20
Or: 'We can watch it another time. You won't like it anyway.'
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ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œๅˆฅใฎๆ™‚้–“ใซ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:25
It's a way of 'downplaying' something to get the result you want.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆœ›ใ‚€็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œ่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:29
Yeah. And they will never forgive me...!
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใ‚’ๆฑบใ—ใฆ่จฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“...๏ผ
07:32
OK. Let's get a summary:
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†:
07:43
We have a News Review with an example of some people 'downplaying' an event.
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ไธ€้ƒจใฎไบบใ€…ใŒใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ€Œ่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ€ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไพ‹ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:47
It was when the tennis player Novac Djokovic hit someone with the ball accidentally.
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ใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚น้ธๆ‰‹ใฎใƒŽใƒใ‚ฏใƒปใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ณใƒ“ใƒƒใƒใŒ่ชคใฃใฆ่ชฐใ‹ใซใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใถใคใ‘ใŸใจใใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:53
Where can they find it, Catherine?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใฉใ“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ตใƒชใƒณ?
07:55
You can find it by clicking the link.
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:56
I should say Djokovic didn't actually 'downplay' the incident himself:
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ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ณใƒ“ใƒƒใƒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซไบ‹ไปถใ‚’ใ€Œ่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ€ใ—ใŸใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ›ใ‚“.
08:00
he was very apologetic about hitting somebody with a tennis ball,
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ๅฝผใฏใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚นใƒœใƒผใƒซใง่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆฎดใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ้žๅธธใซ่ฌ็ฝชใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
08:04
but other people did downplay it, so click the link and you'll find out more.
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ใŒใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ.
08:09
Absolutely. OK. Let's move onto our next headline please.
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็ตถๅฏพใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:13
And in the UK with The Financial Times โ€“ this headline:
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ใใ—ใฆ่‹ฑๅ›ฝใงใฏใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒŠใƒณใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใ‚บใŒใ“ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—
08:23
'Echoes' โ€“ reminders of past events.
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ใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ณใƒผใ‚บใ€ใง้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„่ตทใ“ใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:27
Yes. 'Echoes' โ€“ E-C-H-O-E-S: this is a noun. It can also be a verb.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ณใƒผใ‚บใ€ โ€“ E-C-H-O-E-S: ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ‚‚ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:34
Neil, if you go into a very, very large room with a high ceiling,
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ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้žๅธธใซ้žๅธธใซๅคงใใชใ€ๅคฉไบ•ใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใฎใชใ„้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใจใ€
08:42
no doors โ€“ all the doors are closed โ€“ and you shout, 'NEWS REVIEW!'
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ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒ‰ใ‚ขใŒ้–‰ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ€ŒNEWS REVIEW!ใ€ใจๅซใณใพใ™ใ€‚
08:47
What will you hear?
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ไฝ•ใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:48
...NEWS REVIEW! News review... news review... news...
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...ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผ๏ผ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผ... ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผ... ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น...
08:51
Yes, I hear 'echoes'.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ณใƒผใ€ใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
08:54
You do. It's the sound being repeated and repeated:
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹้Ÿณใงใ™๏ผšใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜้ŸณใŒไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ•
08:58
exactly the same sound again and again.
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ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
09:01
A lovely natural phenomenon is the echo and we're using it here
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็พŽใ—ใ„่‡ช็„ถ็พ่ฑกใฏใ‚จใ‚ณใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“
09:06
to describe when an event appears to happen again,
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ใงใฏใ€ใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใŒๅ†ใณ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใจใใ€
09:10
or it's a reminder of a previous event.
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ใพใŸใฏไปฅๅ‰ใฎใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
09:12
It's very similar to something that's happened in the past.
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้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใจ้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:16
In this case, the comparison is the protests that are happening,
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใƒ™ใƒฉใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใง็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸไปฅๅ‰ใฎๆŠ—่ญฐ่กŒๅ‹•ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€
09:20
or that happened at the weekend in Russia,
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ใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใง็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ้€ฑๆœซใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸ
09:22
to previous protests that happened in Belarus.
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ๆŠ—่ญฐ่กŒๅ‹•ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:26
Yeah and so it's the idea of repetition that connects
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09:29
the literal meaning to this figurative meaning.
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใจใ“ใฎๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็ตใณใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅๅพฉใฎ่€ƒใˆๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
09:32
Exactly that, yes.
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ใพใ•ใซใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:34
OK. We say in this expression an 'echo' of something 'in' something else.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใงใ€ไป–ใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใ€Œไธญใ€ใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ณใƒผใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:39
You do, yes. It can be an 'echo' of one thing 'in' something else.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฎใ€Œไธญใ€ใฎใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ณใƒผใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:43
So, '80s pop music for example:
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80 ๅนดไปฃใฎใƒใƒƒใƒ— ใƒŸใƒฅใƒผใ‚ธใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ไพ‹ใซใจใ‚‹ใจใ€
09:45
I know you're a big fan, aren't you Neil, of '80s pop music?
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80 ๅนดไปฃใฎใƒใƒƒใƒ— ใƒŸใƒฅใƒผใ‚ธใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎๅคงใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใงใ™ใญใ€‚
09:49
Well, I grew up with it.
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ใพใ‚ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใง่‚ฒใกใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:51
And you can... some people say you can hear 'echoes'
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ใใ—ใฆ
09:54
of that pop music โ€“ '80s music โ€“ in some of today's pop music.
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ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒใƒƒใƒ— ใƒŸใƒฅใƒผใ‚ธใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใงใ€80 ๅนดไปฃใฎใƒใƒƒใƒ— ใƒŸใƒฅใƒผใ‚ธใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ณใƒผใ€ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:59
You can. There are definitely 'echoes' of '80s pop
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
10:01
in some of the current output by some of the bands around today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹็พๅœจใฎๅ‡บๅŠ›ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใซใฏใ€80ๅนดไปฃใฎใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚นใฎใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ณใƒผใ€ใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใชใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
10:06
And it means reminders of that music: certain things in the music,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝใฎใƒชใƒžใ‚คใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™:
10:09
which make you remember or sound similar to music from the past.
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้ŽๅŽปใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไผผใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹้Ÿณๆฅฝใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚‚ใฎ.
10:14
And this figurative use of 'echo' can also be used as a verb,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ณใƒผใ€ใฎๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใช็”จๆณ•ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จ
10:18
so we can say that someone 'echoes' someone's opinion:
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ใงใใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ณใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:22
it means they repeat their opinion.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:24
Yes, absolutely. And we get... we could also talk about 'echo chambers'
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ใใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ณใƒผ ใƒใ‚งใƒณใƒใƒผใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:27
and an 'echo chamber' is a forum or an arena, especially on social media,
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ใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ณใƒผ ใƒใ‚งใƒณใƒใƒผใ€ใฏใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒฉใƒ ใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใƒŠใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็‰นใซใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใง
10:33
where you only talk to people who share your opinions and share your views.
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ใฏใ€ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใ€่ฆ‹่งฃใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใจใฎใฟไผš่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:39
So, you don't listen to or you don't become exposed to opposite
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅๅฏพใฎใ€ใพใŸใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚„่ฆ‹่งฃใซ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใ•ใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:44
or different ideas and views, and therefore your ideas get stronger
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†
10:49
because you only speak to people with the same ideas as you: an 'echo chamber'.
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ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆŒใคไบบใ€…ใจใฎใฟ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒๅผทใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ณใƒผใƒใ‚งใƒณใƒใƒผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:54
That idea of repetition again.
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ใใฎ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€‚
10:56
Yes.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚
10:57
OK. Let's have a summary:
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ่ฆ็ด„ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
11:06
Time now for a recap of the vocabulary please, Catherine.
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ใ€‚ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ตใƒชใƒณใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใฎ่ฆ็ด„ใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:10
Yes. We have 'spell the end' โ€“ indicate a major change is going to happen.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ‘Šใ’ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ โ€“ ๅคงใใชๅค‰ๅŒ–ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:16
We have 'downplays' โ€“ makes something seem less important than it is.
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็งใŸใกใซใฏใ€Œ่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ โ€“ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:22
And 'echoes' โ€“ reminders of past events.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ณใƒผใ€ โ€“ ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:27
Don't forget to test yourself on the vocabulary:
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่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:29
there's a quiz on our website bbclearningenglish.com
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็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ bbclearningenglish.com ใซใฏใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็ง
11:33
and we are all over social media. Thanks for joining us.
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ใŸใกใฏใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฎใ„ใŸใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:36
See you next time and stay safe. Bye.
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ๆฌกๅ›žใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ๅฎ‰ๅ…จใซใŠ้Žใ”ใ—ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
11:39
Goodbye!
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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