Haiti: Gang violence crisis: BBC News Review

54,838 views ใƒป 2024-03-13

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Gang violence crisis in Haiti.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฐๆšดๅŠ›ๅฑๆฉŸใ€‚
00:03
Prime Minister resigns.
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้ฆ–็›ธใŒ่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
00:05
This is News Review from BBC
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ BBC Learning English ใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใงใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ
00:07
Learning English where we help you understand news headlines
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ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
00:10
in English. I'm Neil and I'm Beth.
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ ใจใƒ™ใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:13
Make sure you watch to the end to learn the vocabulary
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00:16
you need to understand this news story in English.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใง็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฟ…่ฆใช่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅฟ…ใšๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰
00:20
Don't forget to subscribe to our channel
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00:21
so you can learn more English from news headlines. Now the story.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚
00:25
After weeks of violence
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ๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ใซใ‚ใŸใ‚‹ๆšดๅŠ›
00:29
and demands from heavily armed gangs,
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ใจ้‡ๆญฆ่ฃ…ใ—ใŸใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฐใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่ฆๆฑ‚ใฎๅพŒใ€
00:32
the Prime Minister of Haiti has agreed to resign.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ้ฆ–็›ธใฏ ่พžไปปใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:36
Ariel Henri will step down after many Haitians questioned
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ใ‚ขใƒชใ‚จใƒซใƒปใ‚ขใƒณใƒชใฏใ€ ๅคšใใฎใƒใ‚คใƒๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใŒ
00:40
why he was still in power
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ใชใœๅฝผใŒ
00:43
despite being unelected. The Caribbean country is under a month-long state
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้ธๆŒ™ใง้ธใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšไพ็„ถใจใ—ใฆๆจฉๅŠ›ใฎๅบงใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹็–‘ๅ•ใ‚’ๅ‘ˆใ—ใ€่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ‚ซใƒชใƒ–ๆตทใฎใ“ใฎ ๅ›ฝใฏใ€
00:49
of emergency after attacks, including on the airport,
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็ฉบๆธฏใ€
00:54
the prison and the National Palace.
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ๅˆ‘ๅ‹™ๆ‰€ใ€ๅ›ฝ็ซ‹ๅฎฎๆฎฟใชใฉใธใฎๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ€1ใ‹ๆœˆใซใ‚ใŸใ‚‹้žๅธธไบ‹ๆ…‹ไธ‹ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’
00:59
You have been looking at the headlines,
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่ฆ‹ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใญ ใ€
01:00
Beth. What's the vocabulary that people need to understand
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ใƒ™ใ‚นใ€‚
01:03
this story in English?
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ใ“ใฎ็‰ฉ่ชžใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใง็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฟ…่ฆใช่ชžๅฝ™ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
01:05
We have 'run rampant', 'paralyse' and 'tighten grip'.
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ใ€Œๆšด่ตฐใ€ใ€Œ้บป็—บใ€ ใ€ŒๆกๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅผทใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใชใฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:11
This is News Review from BBC
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏBBC Learning Englishใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใงใ™
01:13
Learning English.
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ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’
01:23
Let's have a look at our first headline.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
01:25
This is from CNN.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏCNNใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:28
Haiti's leader to resign as gangs run rampant through country
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ใƒใ‚คใƒใงใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฐใŒๅฑๆฉŸใซ้™ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไธญใ€ๆŒ‡ๅฐŽ่€…ใŒ่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹
01:32
engulfed in crisis.
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ใ€‚
01:36
So, the headline says
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใฏ
01:38
that gangs run rampant in Haiti.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒใงใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฐใŒๆจช่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:41
That's the expression
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ
01:42
we are looking at and it contains 'run', which we all know, but 'rampant'
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็งใŸใกใŒๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่กจ็พใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€Œ่ตฐใ‚‹ใ€ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œๆจชๆšดใชใ€
01:46
Beth. What does that mean?
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ใƒ™ใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:48
OK well, 'rampant' is an adjective.
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OKใ€ใ€Œๆจช่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
01:51
Let me tell you about my garden,
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็งใฎๅบญใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€
01:53
Neil. It's full of weeds.
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ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€‚ ้›‘่‰ใŒใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:56
They are everywhere! Now, 'rampant' means spread out of control
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใฉใ“ใซใงใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™๏ผ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ€Œๆจช่กŒใ€ใฏๅˆถๅพกไธ่ƒฝใซๅบƒใŒใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€
02:01
and to make this a verb we say 'run rampant',
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€Œๆจช่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:05
so I could say in my garden weeds run rampant.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ็งใฎๅบญใงใฏ้›‘่‰ใŒๆจช่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:09
OK, so this expression 'run rampant' means spread out of control.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ€Œๆšดใ‚Œ ๅ›žใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใฏใ€ๅˆถๅพกไธ่ƒฝใชๅบƒใŒใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:14
Gangs run rampant.
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ใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฐใŒๆจช่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
02:16
That means they can't be controlled and they're spreading across Haiti.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅˆถๅพกใงใใšใ€ ใƒใ‚คใƒๅ…จๅœŸใซๅบƒใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใ€‚
02:20
The authorities are trying to contain them, but they can't.
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ๅฝ“ๅฑ€ใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฐใ˜่พผใ‚ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใงใใชใ„ใ€‚
02:23
It's not working. What else can run rampant?
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ๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚ ไป–ใซไฝ•ใŒ่”“ๅปถใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:26
Well it's not only used for big, serious things.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงใใใฆๆทฑๅˆปใชใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
02:30
Maybe children at a birthday party might run rampant.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใŸๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒ ๆšดใ‚Œๅ‡บใ™ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ ็ ‚็ณ–ใ‚’ๅคง้‡ใซๆ‘‚ๅ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
02:35
They're out of control after all that sugar.
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ๅˆถๅพกไธ่ƒฝใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:38
OK, let's look at that again.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:48
Let's have a look at our next headline.
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ๆฌกใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:50
This is from the Herald Scotland.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒ˜ใƒฉใƒซใƒ‰ใƒปใ‚นใ‚ณใƒƒใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰็ด™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฐใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่ฅฒๆ’ƒใง้ฆ–้ƒฝใŒ้บป็—บใ—ใ€
02:53
State of emergency extended in Haiti
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ใƒใ‚คใƒใง้žๅธธไบ‹ๆ…‹ใŒๅปถ้•ทใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ
02:57
as gang attacks paralyse capital.
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ใ€‚
03:00
So gang attacks paralyse the capital of Haiti.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฐใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่ฅฒๆ’ƒใŒใƒใ‚คใƒใฎ้ฆ–้ƒฝใ‚’้บป็—บใ•ใ›ใŸ ใ€‚
03:04
Now, this word 'paralyse' is the one
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ€Œ้บป็—บใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€
03:06
we're looking at and I recognise it,
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็งใŸใกใŒๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ™ใ‚นใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:08
Beth because it means that someone can't move part of their body,
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€้€šๅธธใ€ไบ‹ๆ•…ใฎๅพŒใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒไฝ“ใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‚’ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
03:13
usually after an accident.
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ใ€‚
03:15
Is there a connection between that 'paralyse'
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ใใฎใ€Œ้บป็—บใ€ใจ
03:17
and the one in the headline?
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่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจใฎ้–“ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใŒ
03:18
There is. Now, 'paralyse' in the headline is a verb that means to cause
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใฎใ€Œ้บป็—บใ€ใฏใ€
03:24
something to stop moving or operating. Now, in Haiti gangs
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅ‹•ใ ใ‚„ๅ‹•ไฝœใ‚’ๅœๆญขใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒใงใฏใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฐใŒ
03:29
have disrupted the capital.
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้ฆ–้ƒฝใ‚’ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
03:31
So things aren't working or moving as they normally would.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใฏ ้€šๅธธใฉใŠใ‚ŠใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹•ใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:34
Yes, that's right.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:35
So, for example, flights have stopped, medical care isn't coming in
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฏๆญขใพใ‚Šใ€ ๅŒป็™‚ใฏๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚Š
03:41
or going out. Movement has stopped, basically.
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ๅ‡บใŸใ‚Šใงใใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๅ‹•ใใฏๆญขใพใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:45
Can we use 'paralyse' in other ways?
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ใ€Œ้บป็—บใ€ใ‚’ไป–ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
03:47
Yeah, so 'paralyse' can also mean
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใ€Œ้บป็—บใ€ใฏ
03:49
that you're unable to think or act in a normal way.
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้€šๅธธใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง่€ƒใˆใŸใ‚Š่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:53
So, maybe if you're really scared,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ€–ใ„ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
03:56
you might be paralysed with fear -
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ๆๆ€–ใง
03:58
you can't move.
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่บซๅ‹•ใใŒใงใใชใใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:59
OK, let's look at that again.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’
04:08
Let's have our next headline.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
04:10
This is from BBC News.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏBBCใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
04:13
Haiti spirals to collapse as gangs tighten grip.
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ใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฐใฎๆ”ฏ้…ใŒๅผทใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒใฏๅดฉๅฃŠใฎใ‚นใƒ‘ใ‚คใƒฉใƒซใซ้™ฅใ‚‹ใ€‚
04:19
So let's break this headline down.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’ๅˆ†่งฃใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:21
Haiti spirals to collapse. Now, 'spirals' means moves very quickly -
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ใƒใ‚คใƒใฏๅดฉๅฃŠใฎใ‚นใƒ‘ใ‚คใƒฉใƒซใซ้™ฅใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ€Œใ‚นใƒ‘ใ‚คใƒฉใƒซใ€ใจใฏใ€้žๅธธใซ้€Ÿใๅ‹•ใใ“ใจใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๅˆถๅพกไธ่ƒฝใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
04:27
out of control.
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ใ€‚
04:28
It means the country's collapsing.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ›ฝใŒๅดฉๅฃŠใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:30
It's falling apart.
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ๅดฉๅฃŠใ—ใคใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
04:31
We're looking at the expression 'tighten grip'.
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ใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’็ท ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใ‚’่ชฟในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:34
Now, Beth, this mug here.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒ™ใ‚นใ€ใ“ใฎใƒžใ‚ฐใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:36
I have got in my grip and I'm holding it very tight. You can see
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็งใฏใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๆกใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใจๆกใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅผทใๆกใ‚‹ใจใ€
04:41
maybe my knuckles turning white as I hold it really hard.
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ๆŒ‡ใฎ้–ข็ฏ€ใŒ็™ฝใใชใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:44
You're not going to get this from me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:46
No, because you are literally tightening your grip.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚ŠๆกๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅผทใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:49
Now, here in this headline tighten grip is metaphorical.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใฎใ€Œใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Š ๆกใ‚‹ใ€ใฏๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
04:54
These gangs are taking more control every day and in a violent way.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฐใฏ ๆ—ฅใ€…ใ€ๆšดๅŠ›็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆ”ฏ้…ๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅผทใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:00
It's like they have their country in their grip and they are tightening it.
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ใพใ‚‹ใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใฎๅ›ฝใ‚’ ๆŽŒๆกใ—ใฆใ„ใฆ็ท ใ‚ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใ€‚
05:05
So, adding pressure to the country,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ›ฝใซๅœงๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€
05:07
Yes, and that is damaging the country and its people.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅ›ฝใจๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใซๆๅฎณใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:10
Now, it's common with this expression 'tighten grip'
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’็ท ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใงใฏใ€
05:13
to add the preposition 'on'.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€Œonใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:15
So, what else can we tighten our grip on?
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ใงใฏใ€ไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚ŠใจๆŠŠๆกใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ?
05:18
Well, a football team
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€
05:19
at the top of the League might tighten their grip on the title,
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ใƒชใƒผใ‚ฐใฎใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใƒใƒผใƒ ใฏใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ 3 ้€ฃๅ‹ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใธใฎๅŸท็€ใ‚’ๅผทใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
05:24
if they win three games in a row, for example.
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ใ€‚
05:27
Yes, or a dictator could tighten their grip on power by, for example,
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ใใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€็‹ฌ่ฃ่€…ใŒ
05:32
banning elections or making other parties illegal.
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้ธๆŒ™ใ‚’็ฆๆญขใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ไป–ใฎๆ”ฟๅ…šใ‚’้•ๆณ•ใซใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใชใฉใ—ใฆใ€ๆจฉๅŠ›ใฎๆŽŒๆกใ‚’ๅผทๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:36
Let's have a look at that again.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:45
We've had 'run rampant' - spread out of control.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œๆšด่ตฐใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๅˆถๅพกไธ่ƒฝใช็Šถๆ…‹ใง่”“ๅปถใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
05:49
'Paralyse' - cause something
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ใ€Œ้บป็—บใ€ - ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ
05:51
to stop operating and 'tighten grip' -
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ๅ‹•ไฝœใ‚’ๅœๆญขใ•ใ› ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’็ท ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ -
05:53
take more control.
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ๅˆถๅพกใ‚’ๅผทๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:55
Now, if you're interested in other programmes about leadership
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ใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใ‚ทใƒƒใƒ—ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
05:59
Click here!
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ใ“ใ“ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:01
And click here to subscribe to our channel,
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ใ“ใ“ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
06:03
so you never miss another video.
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ๅˆฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹้€ƒใ™ใ“ใจใŒใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:05
Thank you for joining us, and goodbye. Bye.
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ใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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