Grammar: Using stative verbs in the continuous tense

113,831 views ใƒป 2016-08-01

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:12
Hi Guys! Angelic Dan for BBC Learning English here. This week we're going to be looking
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใฟใ‚“ใช๏ผ BBC Learning English ใฎ Angelic Dan ใฏ ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ€‚ ไปŠ้€ฑใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
00:17
at state verbs. Now, there are some verbs in English which talk about states, not actions.
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏ่กŒๅ‹•ใงใฏใชใ็Šถๆ…‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:22
These are called 'state verbs' and the rules of English say that we can never ever use
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’้€ฃ็ถšใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆใงใใชใ„ใจใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:27
these verbs continuously. And we don't break the rules of English, do we? Cos we're good
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใก ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’็ ดใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ็งใŸใกใฏใ„ใ„
00:31
people, aren't we? Yes!
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ไบบใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ ใฏใ„๏ผ
00:33
Examples of state verbs are words like: be and love and want. They usually concern feelings
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็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€be ใจ love ใจ want ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…
00:39
or possession or sensory information. Oooh - a magic potion. UGH! Lies! You can make
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ใ€ๆ‰€ๆœ‰็‰ฉใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ„Ÿ่ฆšๆƒ…ๅ ฑใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€้ญ”ๆณ•ใฎใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“๏ผ ใ†ใ๏ผ
01:01
state verbs continuous. You just have to be bad enough to bend the rules a little.
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็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’้€ฃ็ถšใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ›ฒใ’ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:09
So, many so-called state verbs have two different forms: a state one and a dynamic one. Using
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅคšใใฎใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใฏใ€็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅ‹•็š„ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ๅฝขๅผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:16
the verb in one form or another changes its meaning. Consider: "I have a car" or "I'm
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็ง
01:22
having a shower". This is very apparent with the verb be which in the continuous form means
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ใฏใ‚ทใƒฃใƒฏใƒผใ‚’ๆตดใณใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็ถ™็ถšๅฝขใง
01:28
'temporarily acting'. For example, "Mike's usually so energetic: why's he being so lazy?"
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ใ€Œไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใซ่กŒๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉž be ใง้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็™ฝใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏ ใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใใ‚“ใชใซๆ€ ใ‘่€…ใชใฎ๏ผŸใ€
01:34
We can also use the present continuous and an adverb such as always, forever and constantly
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ใพใŸใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใจ ใ€ๅธธใซใ€ๆฐธ้ ใซใ€ๅธธใซใชใฉใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใก
01:41
to show irritation for a repeated habit that annoys us. "I'm forever understanding things
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ใ‚’ๆ‚ฉใพใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹่‹›็ซ‹ใกใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆฐธ้ ใซ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ
01:46
too late to do anything." Or, "I know I quit, but I'm constantly wanting a cigarette."
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้…ใ™ใŽใฆไฝ•ใ‚‚ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅธธใซใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใŒๆฌฒใ—ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:53
We often make state verbs continuous for the purposes of being tentative and polite. In
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ๆšซๅฎš็š„ใงไธๅฏงใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’้€ฃ็ถš็š„ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:58
this way, we can make awkward questions less direct without accidentally offending the
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ€่ชคใฃใฆ็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๆ€’ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใใ€ๅŽ„ไป‹ใช่ณชๅ•ใ‚’็›ดๆŽฅ็š„ใงใชใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
02:04
other person. This is very common in the past continuous and the future continuous. Compare:
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ใพใ™. ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ ้€ฃ็ถšใจๆœชๆฅใฎ้€ฃ็ถšใง้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹๏ผš
02:10
"Sorry to interrupt. I want to borrow the car." Or, "Sorry to interrupt. I was wanting
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ใ€ŒใŠ้‚ช้ญ”ใ—ใฆใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚่ปŠใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:17
to borrow the car." Or, "I'm going into town - I need some money." Or, "I'm going into
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่ปŠใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚ŠใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ็”บใซ่กŒใ ใฎใงใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ
02:25
town - I'll be needing some money, so errr..."
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็”บใซ่กŒใใพใ™-ใŠ้‡‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚จใƒฉใƒผ...ใ€่ฉฑใ™็žฌ้–“ใฎๅผทใ„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹
02:31
Sometimes we deliberately use a state verb in the continuous form to emphasise a strong
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ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๆ„ๅ›ณ็š„ใซ็ถ™็ถšๅฝขใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
02:35
feeling at the moment of speaking. A certain fast food chain, which you all know about,
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ใพใ™. ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใƒใ‚งใƒผใƒณใฏใ€
02:41
uses this as its marketing slogan. For example, "I went to a party last night and I was loving
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚นใƒญใƒผใ‚ฌใƒณใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ˜จๅคœใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ‹ใฃ
02:47
it!" Or, "I don't care how long the chef took to cook it. I'm not accepting that."
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ใŸใงใ™!ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ•ใŒๆ–™็†ใซใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใŸใ‹ใฏๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
02:53
Finally, never forget that there are idioms and set phrases which use state verbs in the
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’็ถ™็ถšๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใ‚„ๅฎšๅž‹ๅฅใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
02:58
continuous form. For example, "I just don't know what to do about this situation; it's
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:04
really weighing on my mind." Or, "I've been seeing my partner for over six months, self-five!"
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้ ญใŒ้‡ใใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใƒŠใƒผใจ 6 ใ‹ๆœˆไปฅไธŠไผšใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ปใƒซใƒ• ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒ–ใงใ™!ใ€
03:10
One last thing guys. We use these forms occasionally. Don't go crazy with them, just understand
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ๆ™‚ใ€…ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:16
that while in most cases state verbs stay in the simple form, you can break a rule or
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉž ใฏๅ˜็ด”ใชๅฝขใฎใพใพใงใ™ใŒใ€ใจใใฉใใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ 1 ใคใพใŸใฏ 2 ใค็ ดใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
03:21
two, now and then. If you want.
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ใ€‚ ใŠๆœ›ใฟใชใ‚‰ใฐใ€‚
03:23
Did you get it? I don't care if you got it. I'm getting a drink.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏ้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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