Grammar: 5 different ways to use 'wish' in English

153,683 views ใƒป 2016-12-05

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
I wish I wish I wish I wish I wish!
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ใ—ใŸใ„ ใ—ใŸใ„ ใ—ใŸใ„ ใ—ใŸใ„ ใ—ใŸใ„ ใ—ใŸใ„๏ผ
00:07
Oh! It only works if you know the grammar rules!
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ใŠใƒผ๏ผ ๆ–‡ๆณ•่ฆๅ‰‡ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใฎใฟๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:11
I completely forgot.
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
00:12
So here is the complete 'wish'.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŒๅ…จใชใ€Œ้ก˜ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:19
Wish has five uses in English and today we're going to cover them all.
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Wishใซใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใง5ใคใฎ็”จ้€”ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ—ใพใ™.
00:22
Are you ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
00:23
Go!
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่กŒใ‘๏ผ
00:28
This is the most common form of wish.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้ก˜ใ„ใฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
00:30
It's when we wish for a situation in the present or past to change, but we know that it can't
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็พๅœจใพใŸใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ŠถๆณใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็งใŸใกใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:35
change because it's impossible.
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.
00:36
I wish I were taller (because I am not tall) Or: I wish I had eaten ice-cream for breakfast
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใซ๏ผˆ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผ‰ ใพใŸใฏ๏ผš ไปŠๆœใฎๆœ้ฃŸใซใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใซ
00:41
this morning (because I didn't eat ice cream for breakfast this morning).
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๏ผˆไปŠๆœใฎๆœ้ฃŸใซใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้ฃŸในใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ ๏ผ‰ใ€‚
00:45
I wish I were taller is an example of a present wish.
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ใ€Œ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใซใ€ใฏใ€็พๅœจใฎ้ก˜ใ„ใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ ใ€‚
00:48
It is 'wish' plus the past simple.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ้ก˜ใ„ใ€ใจ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
00:50
We often use 'were' instead of 'was' for all pronouns because of the subjunctive.
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ๆŽฅ็ถšๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎไปฃๅ่ฉžใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€Œwasใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œwereใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:54
I could also say:
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็งใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™:
00:55
I wish I knew how to speak Chinese (because I don't know how to speak Chinese.)
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ไธญๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸ (ใชใœใชใ‚‰ ็งใฏไธญๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.) ไปŠๆœใฎ
01:01
I wish I had eaten ice-cream for breakfast this morning is an example of a past wish.
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ๆœ้ฃŸใซใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸ ใฎใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎ้ก˜ใ„ใฎไพ‹ใงใ™.
01:05
This morning is a past time; we make a past wish.
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ไปŠๆœใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎ ้ก˜ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:08
'Wish' is followed by the past perfect, which is had plus the past participle.
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'Wish' ใฎๅพŒใซ้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใŒ็ถšใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€had ใจ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
01:13
That indicates true past time.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็œŸใฎ้ŽๅŽปใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:23
Did you get it?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
01:29
Another common form of wish is to use 'wish' plus would plus the bare infinitive.
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใฎใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅฝขๅผใฏใ€'wish' ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น would ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:33
And this is often in regards to other people and our irritation.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไป–ใฎไบบ ใ‚„็งใŸใกใฎ่‹›็ซ‹ใกใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™.
01:37
For example:
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ไพ‹๏ผš
01:38
I wish you would make the bed!
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใฎใซ๏ผ
01:40
This is a present wish, but unlike the wishes I discussed before, this wish means I believe
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจใฎ้ก˜ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅ‰ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใŸ้ก˜ใ„ใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Š ใ€ใ“ใฎ้ก˜ใ„ใฏใ€
01:46
you can change and something can be done.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจ็งใŒไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™.
01:49
Compare:
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ๆฏ”่ผƒ๏ผš
01:50
I wish you would make the bed, means I think you can, but you don't, so please do.
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ใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใฎใซใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใงใใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
01:56
I wish you made the bed means you don't and I don't think you ever will so
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆฑบใ—ใฆใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ ใจใฏๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„
02:10
It is extremely uncommon to use a first person 'I' in this form of wish.
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. ใ“ใฎ้ก˜ใ„ใฎๅฝขใงไธ€ไบบ็งฐใ€Œ็งใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซใพใ‚Œใงใ™.
02:15
This is because we have control over our own actions, so to say:
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ
02:19
I wish I would stop talking, means I want to stop talking, and I believe I can stop
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็งใฏ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ€็งใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็งใฏ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
02:23
talking, so why don't I?
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:34
However, in terms of an illness or an addiction, this form is fine.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€็—…ๆฐ—ใ‚„ไพๅญ˜็—‡ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎๅฝขๅผใงๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:38
When I say 'I wish I would stop smoking' it means 'I don't want to smoke anymore, but
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็งใŒใ€Œใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใฎใซใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใฏๅธใ„ใŸใใชใ„ใŒใ€
02:44
I can't stop because I'm addicted.'
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ไธญๆฏ’ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
02:48
Someone give me a cigarette!
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ
02:50
Did you get it?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
02:56
Wish followed by the full infinitive is a formal way of saying want.
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Wish ใฎๅพŒใซๅฎŒๅ…จใชไธๅฎš่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใฎใฏใ€ want ใฎๆญฃๅผใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
03:00
It's not very common, and only used in special circumstances, for example, when you want
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใชใใ€็‰นๅˆฅใช็Šถๆณใงใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
03:04
to make a polite formal complaint.
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ไธๅฏงใงๆญฃๅผใช่‹ฆๆƒ…ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
03:07
For example: I wish to see the manager.
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ไพ‹๏ผšใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใซไผšใ„ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:09
We can also use wish followed by 'for' to attach an object that you want.
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Wish ใฎๅพŒใซใ€Œforใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใฆใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๆทปไป˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:14
And this is most often used in the circumstances of magic.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ญ”ๆณ•ใฎ็Šถๆณใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:18
For example: I wish for a pizza.
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ไพ‹๏ผš็งใฏใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:21
Got it?
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ใจใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:33
We can use the verb wish followed by two objects, the first of which is most often a pronoun,
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ Wish ใฎๅพŒใซ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏไปฃๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅคšใใ€
03:38
to send 'good vibrations' to somebody.
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่ชฐใ‹ใซใ€Œ่‰ฏใ„ๆŒฏๅ‹•ใ€ใ‚’้€ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:40
This is more common than hope and it is used in fixed phrases such as:
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅธŒๆœ›ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ€ๆฌกใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅฎšๅž‹ๅฅใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ
03:44
I wish you luck for your exam tomorrow.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅนธ้‹ใ‚’็ฅˆใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:46
Or: We wish you a merry Christmas.
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ใพใŸใฏ: ใƒกใƒชใƒผ ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒžใ‚นใ‚’ใŠ็ฅˆใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:49
Got it?
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ใจใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:01
This is a trick, because apart from sending good vibrations, as mentioned before, we cannot
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ๅ‰่ฟฐใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่‰ฏใ„ๆŒฏๅ‹•ใ‚’้€ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้™คใ‘ใฐ
04:06
use the verb 'wish' in this way.
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ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ้ก˜ใ„ใ€ใ‚’ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
04:08
We need another verb, and the verb is 'hope'.
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ๅˆฅใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€ŒๅธŒๆœ›ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:11
And this is usually followed by 'will' plus the infinitive.
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้€šๅธธใ€ใ“ใฎๅพŒใซใฏใ€Œwillใ€ ใจไธๅฎš่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:14
So, for example:
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ไพ‹๏ผš
04:16
I hope you will pass your exam.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:18
Got it?
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ใจใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:27
Did you get it?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
04:28
Of course you got it!
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ๏ผ
04:29
Now for more information please log on to bbclearningenglish.com.
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่ฉณ็ดฐใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€bbclearningenglish.com ใซใƒญใ‚ฐใ‚ชใƒณใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:32
I've been Dan, you've been fantastic.
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็งใฏใƒ€ใƒณใงใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
04:34
I hope to see you next time, ok?
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ๆฌกๅ›žใŠไผšใ„ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:36
Now.
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ไปŠใ€‚
04:40
I wish I wish I wish I wish I wish!
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ใ—ใŸใ„ ใ—ใŸใ„ ใ—ใŸใ„ ใ—ใŸใ„ ใ—ใŸใ„ ใ—ใŸใ„๏ผ
04:45
It works
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04:46
Hahahaha!
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ใฏใฏใฏใฏ๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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