Grammar Challenge: Simple passives

39,515 views ใƒป 2024-02-27

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello. The programme you're about to listen to
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰่ดใ“ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็•ช็ต„ใฏใ€
00:02
was first broadcast on the BBC Learning English website in 2008.
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2008 ๅนดใซ BBC Learning English Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงๅˆใ‚ใฆๆ”พ้€ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:07
For more English language learning programmes and podcasts,
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ใใฎไป–ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚„ใƒใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚นใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€
00:11
search for BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning English ใ‚’ๆคœ็ดขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:14
Welcome to Grammar Challenge from BBC Learning English dot com.
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BBC Learning English ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใƒ ใฎ Grammar Challenge ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:18
Let's meet this week's challenger.
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ไปŠ้€ฑใฎๆŒ‘ๆˆฆ่€…ใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:23
Hello, my name is Jin.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚ธใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
00:27
I'm a student. I am studying electronic engineering at university in Croydon.
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็งใฏๅญฆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ใ‚ฏใƒญใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒณใฎๅคงๅญฆใง้›ปๅญๅทฅๅญฆใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:32
???
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???
00:34
My grammar is better speaking.
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็งใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฏ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นใŒไธŠๆ‰‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:44
Right now, we're going to listen to two short audio clips.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ 2 ใคใฎ็Ÿญใ„ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ช ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:49
In the clips, Helen is talking about a bank robbery that happened last week.
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใฎไธญใงใ€ใƒ˜ใƒฌใƒณใฏ ๅ…ˆ้€ฑ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ้Š€่กŒๅผท็›—ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:55
Listen carefully and then tell me is she saying the same thing in the two clips
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ใ‚ˆใ่žใ„ใฆใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใงๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€
01:00
or is she saying something different?
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎ
01:05
Did you hear about the bank robbery yesterday?
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้Š€่กŒๅผท็›—ใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ๏ผŸ
01:07
Yes, I did.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:09
The robbers stole over ยฃ20,000.
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ๅผท็›—ใŸใกใฏ2ไธ‡ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ไปฅไธŠใ‚’็›—ใ‚“ใ ใ€‚ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎ
01:13
Did you hear about the bank robbery yesterday?
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้Š€่กŒๅผท็›—ใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ๏ผŸ
01:16
Yes, I did.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:17
Over ยฃ20,000 was stolen.
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2ไธ‡ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ไปฅไธŠใŒ็›—ใพใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
01:23
OK, so did Helen say the same thing twice or was it,
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ใงใฏใ€ใƒ˜ใƒฌใƒณใฏๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ 2 ๅ›ž่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚
01:26
did she say two different things?
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2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
01:29
It's different.
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้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ใค็›ฎใฏ
01:30
The first one is, I think, active sentence and the second one is passive form.
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่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ€ ไบŒใค็›ฎใฏๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:36
Well, let's go over to our grammar expert, Catherine,
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ใงใฏใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ตใƒชใƒณใซ
01:39
to find out if you're right.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่€ƒใˆใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:43
Hi, Jin, well done.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ธใƒณใ€ใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:46
The two dialogues had the same meaning, but the grammar was slightly different.
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2 ใคใฎๅฏพ่ฉฑใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:51
Helen said the robbers stole over ยฃ20,000 in the first one,
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ใƒ˜ใƒฌใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ€ๅผท็›—ใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅผท็›—ใงใฏ2ไธ‡ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ไปฅไธŠใ‚’็›—ใ‚“ใ 
01:58
but in the second one, she said over ยฃ20,000 was stolen.
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ใŒใ€2ๅ›ž็›ฎใฎๅผท็›—ใงใฏ 2ไธ‡ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ไปฅไธŠใŒ็›—ใพใ‚ŒใŸใจ่ชžใฃใŸใ€‚
02:04
So, what's the difference between active and passive simple tense sentences?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ๅ˜ๆ™‚ๅˆถๆ–‡ ใจๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ๅ˜ๆ™‚ๅˆถๆ–‡ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
02:12
Well, an active sentence has a subject, verb and object, in that order.
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ–‡ใซใฏไธป่ชžใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒใ“ใฎ้ †ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:19
Here's Helen.
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ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใŒใƒ˜ใƒฌใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
02:21
The robbers stole over ยฃ20,000.
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ๅผท็›—ใŸใกใฏ2ไธ‡ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ไปฅไธŠใ‚’็›—ใ‚“ใ ใ€‚
02:24
So, subject โ€” the robbers.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไธป้กŒใฏๅผท็›—ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:28
Past simple verb โ€” stole.
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้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ๅ‹•่ฉž โ€” ็›—ใ‚“ใ ใ€‚
02:32
And object โ€” ยฃ20,000.
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ใใ—ใฆๅๅฏพใ—ใพใ™โ€”20,000ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใ€‚
02:36
But, if we want, we can put the object at the beginning of the sentence, like this.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๆ–‡ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:43
Over ยฃ20,000 was stolen.
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2ไธ‡ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ไปฅไธŠใŒ็›—ใพใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
02:47
Now, this is a passive sentence, in a simple tense, and it works like this.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ๆ–‡ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:53
The object goes first.
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ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
02:56
Then, the verb 'to be' โ€” present or past,
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto beใ€ - ็พๅœจใพใŸใฏ้ŽๅŽปใ€
02:59
for example, 'is', 'was', 'were', et cetera.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œisใ€ใ€ใ€Œwasใ€ใ€ใ€Œwereใ€ ใชใฉใ€‚
03:04
After that, you need the past participle of the verb.
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:08
In Helen's sentence, the verb is 'steal', so it's 'steal', 'stole', 'stolen'.
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ใƒ˜ใƒฌใƒณใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ€Œ็›—ใ‚€ใ€ ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œ็›—ใ‚€ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็›—ใ‚€ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็›—ใ‚€ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:15
Listen again.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:17
Over ยฃ20,000 was stolen.
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2ไธ‡ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ไปฅไธŠใŒ็›—ใพใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
03:21
Did you catch it? Object, verb to be, past participle.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ€beๅ‹•่ฉžใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ€‚
03:28
This is a passive sentence in the simple past.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:33
But where's the subject?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธป้กŒใฏใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:35
Well, you can add it to the end of the sentence like this.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ–‡ๆœซใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:39
Over ยฃ20,000 was stolen by the robbers.
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2ไธ‡ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ไปฅไธŠใŒๅผท็›—ใซ็›—ใพใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
03:44
OK, that's all from me.
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ใฏใ„ใ€็งใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
03:46
Good luck with your grammar challenge!
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธ้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„!
03:51
โ€” Are you ready for the Grammar Challenge? โ€” Yes.
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โ€” ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? - ใฏใ„ใ€‚
03:54
I'm gonna say a sentence in the active form
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็งใฏ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใชใฎใงใ€
03:57
and I want you to give it to me in the passive form.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใปใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
04:00
โ€” OK. โ€” So, for example, if I say the sentence,
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- ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ โ€” ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
04:04
'the BBC makes Grammar Challenge',
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ใ€ŒBBC ใŒ Grammar Challenge ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใ€
04:07
you could say,
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04:08
'Grammar Challenge is made by the BBC'. OK.
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ใ€ŒGrammar Challenge is made by the BBCใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:13
How about, 'lots of people visit the park every year'?
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ใ€ŒๆฏŽๅนดใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไบบใŒ ใใฎๅ…ฌๅœ’ใ‚’่จชใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎ
04:19
The park is visited
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ๅ…ฌๅœ’ใ‚’่จชใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบบใฏ
04:23
by the year...
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ๅนดใ”ใจใซ...
04:24
โ€” By the year? โ€” No, I...
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โ€” ๅนดใ”ใจใซ๏ผŸ โ€” ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใฏ...
04:27
The park is visited every year by lots of people.
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ใ“ใฎๅ…ฌๅœ’ใซใฏๆฏŽๅนด ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไบบใŒ่จชใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:31
Excellent.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
04:32
'The park is visited by lots of people every year'
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ใ€Œใใฎๅ…ฌๅœ’ใฏ ๆฏŽๅนดใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไบบใŒ่จชใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€
04:36
or 'the park is visited every year by lots of people.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใฎๅ…ฌๅœ’ใฏ ๆฏŽๅนดใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไบบใŒ่จชใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:40
Somebody cleans my office every day.
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็งใฎใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใ‚’ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:45
My office is cleaned every day.
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็งใฎใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅๆŽƒ้™คใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:48
Very good, you don't need to say 'somebody', do you, because it's obvious.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ€Œ่ชฐใ‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใญ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ˜Ž็™ฝใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
04:54
It's not necessary.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:55
It's not necessary, exactly.
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ๆญฃ็ขบใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:56
Last one.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไธ€ใคใ€‚
04:58
The police never arrested the criminals.
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่ญฆๅฏŸใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆ็Šฏ็ฝช่€…ใ‚’้€ฎๆ•ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:03
The criminals never were...
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็Šฏ็ฝช่€…ใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆ
05:06
The criminals were never arrested by the police.
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่ญฆๅฏŸใซ้€ฎๆ•ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:11
Excellent, Jin. The criminals were never arrested by the police.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€ใ‚ธใƒณใ€‚ ็Šฏ็ฝช่€…ใŸใกใฏ ่ญฆๅฏŸใซ้€ฎๆ•ใ•ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:15
Grammar Challenge from BBC Learning English dot com.
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BBC Learning English ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใƒ ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ€‚
05:19
Jin, is your country famous for producing anything?
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ใ‚ธใƒณใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ›ฝใฏ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็”Ÿ็”ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๆœ‰ๅใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:23
So, for example, in England, we have fish and chips.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใซใฏ ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใƒ‰ใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:26
Yeah.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:27
What's your national dish in South Korea?
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้Ÿ“ๅ›ฝใฎๅ›ฝๆฐ‘้ฃŸใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
05:29
My national dish is bulgogi.
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็งใฎๅ›ฝๆฐ‘้ฃŸใฏใƒ—ใƒซใ‚ณใ‚ฎใงใ™ใ€‚
05:33
It's made of beef.
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็‰›่‚‰ใงใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:35
So, how do you cook bulgogi, Jin?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ธใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใƒ—ใƒซใ‚ณใ‚ฎใฏใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆไฝœใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
05:38
You can grill on the fan.
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ๆ‰‡้ขจๆฉŸใงใ‚ฐใƒชใƒซใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:42
So, the beef is...
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ใงใ€็‰›่‚‰ใฏโ€ฆ
05:44
The beef is grilled on the frying pan.
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็‰›่‚‰ใ‚’ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‘ใƒณใง็„ผใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:48
And then it is cooked for maybe ten minutes.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ10ๅˆ†้–“่ชฟ็†ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
05:54
And then it is time to eat the bulgogi.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒ—ใƒซใ‚ณใ‚ฎใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:00
???
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???
06:07
BBC Learning English dot com.
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BBC Learning English ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใƒ ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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