Better Speaking Podcast ๐Ÿ—จ๏ธ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ How to talk about the order of events

58,510 views ใƒป 2023-06-13

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Yeah, I mean, those past few weeks have been amazing. I mean,
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ใˆใˆใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ใฏ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
00:05
before Paris, I wasn't even sure if I was supposed to play Paris,
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ใƒ‘ใƒชใซ่กŒใๅ‰ใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใƒ‘ใƒชใงใƒ—ใƒฌใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ในใใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ•ใˆใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:09
because I wasn't in the best of conditions and, you know, back hurting a little bit
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒๆœ€้ซ˜ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ—ใ€ ่ƒŒไธญใŒๅฐ‘ใ—็—›ใใฆใ€
00:14
and I didn't play a lot of matches in the past few weeks before that
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ฉฆๅˆใซๅ‡บๅ ดใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๅ‰ใฎๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ใ€
00:17
and what kept me really going was really to get some match preparation
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็งใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้ ‘ๅผตใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใฎใฏใ€
00:22
to come here to Wimbledon.
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ใ“ใ“ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒณใƒ–ใƒซใƒ‰ใƒณใซๆฅใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ่ฉฆๅˆใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:24
German tennis star Steffi Graf,
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ใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒ„ใฎใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚นใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒ†ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒปใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใฏใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒณใƒ–ใƒซใƒ‰ใƒณๆฑบๅ‹ใงใƒ—ใƒฌใƒผใ™ใ‚‹
00:26
delighted at having one more chance to play in a Wimbledon final.
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ใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚นใŒใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ–œใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€‚
00:30
Steffi obviously speaks English very well,
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒ†ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ไธŠๆ‰‹ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™
00:32
but what is it that she's doing that makes her such a good communicator in English?
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ใŒใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ“ใ‚ŒใปใฉไธŠๆ‰‹ใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใฏใชใœใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
00:37
What's her secret to better speaking?
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ่ฉฑใ—ไธŠๆ‰‹ใฎ็ง˜่จฃใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:44
Two sets to one, seven-six, one-six, six-four.
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2 ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ 1ใ€7-6ใ€1-6ใ€6-4ใ€‚
00:51
German-born Steffi Graf was the most successful women's tennis player
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ใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒ„็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใฎใ‚ทใƒฅใƒ†ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒปใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใฏใ€1990ๅนดไปฃๅˆ้ ญใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ ๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใŸๅฅณๅญใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚น้ธๆ‰‹ใงใ—ใŸ
00:55
of the early 1990s.
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ใ€‚
00:56
She won an amazing 21 major championships,
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒณใƒ–ใƒซใƒ‰ใƒณใงใฎ7ๅ›žใฎใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ฐใƒซใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ใ€้ฉšใในใ21ใฎใƒกใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒ”ใ‚ชใƒณใ‚ทใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
01:00
including seven singles titles at Wimbledon.
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ใ€‚ ใƒ—ใƒญใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚น้ธๆ‰‹ใจใ—ใฆใฎ
01:03
In 1999, which was her last year of playing professional tennis,
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅนดใจใชใฃใŸ1999ๅนดใ€
01:08
she won the French Open Championship,
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ
01:10
even though she had had some injury problems
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ๆ€ชๆˆ‘ใซๆ‚ฉใพใ•ใ‚Œใ€ไฝ“่ชฟใ‚‚
01:12
and wasn't as fit and well-prepared as she should've been.
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚‚ๅๅˆ†ใงใฏ ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ๅ…จไปใ‚ชใƒผใƒ—ใƒณ้ธๆ‰‹ๆจฉใงๅ„ชๅ‹ใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:16
And then she came to London and made it through, yet again,
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ใใ—ใฆๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซใ‚„ใฃใฆๆฅใฆ ใ€ๅ†ใณ
01:19
to the Wimbledon Women's Final.
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒณใƒ–ใƒซใƒ‰ใƒณๅฅณๅญๆฑบๅ‹ใซ้€ฒๅ‡บใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:21
Steffi Graf was interviewed by the BBC after that semi-final match.
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒ†ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒปใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใฏๆบ–ๆฑบๅ‹ใฎ่ฉฆๅˆๅพŒใ€BBCใฎใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸ ใ€‚
01:25
Well, now you're through to another Wimbledon Final.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒณใƒ–ใƒซใƒ‰ใƒณๆฑบๅ‹ใซ้€ฒๅ‡บใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:28
I know that they all are very special, but is this one particularly so?
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ใฉใ‚Œใ‚‚็‰นๅˆฅใชใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็‰นๅˆฅใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:32
Because a month ago, you never thought you'd be here as French Open Champion
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€1ใ‹ๆœˆๅ‰ใซใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ ๅ…จไปใ‚ชใƒผใƒ—ใƒณใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒ”ใ‚ชใƒณใจใ—ใฆใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใฆใ€
01:35
and in a Wimbledon Final.
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒณใƒ–ใƒซใƒ‰ใƒณๆฑบๅ‹ใซๅ‡บๅ ดใงใใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:37
Yeah, and those past few weeks have been amazing. I mean,
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ“ใ“ๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ใฏ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
01:41
before Paris, I wasn't even sure if I was supposed to play Paris,
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ใƒ‘ใƒชใซ่กŒใๅ‰ใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใƒ‘ใƒชใงใƒ—ใƒฌใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ในใใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ•ใˆใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:45
because I wasn't in the best of conditions and, you know, back hurting a little bit
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒๆœ€้ซ˜ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ—ใ€ ่ƒŒไธญใŒๅฐ‘ใ—็—›ใใฆใ€
01:49
and I didn't play a lot of matches in the past few weeks before that
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ฉฆๅˆใซๅ‡บๅ ดใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๅ‰ใฎๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ใ€
01:53
and what kept me really going was really to get some match preparation
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็งใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้ ‘ๅผตใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใฎใฏใ€
01:58
to come here to Wimbledon.
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ใ“ใ“ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒณใƒ–ใƒซใƒ‰ใƒณใซๆฅใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ่ฉฆๅˆใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:00
Then I went to France and now I'm here in the finals.
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใซ่กŒใใ€ ไปŠๆฑบๅ‹ๆˆฆใซๅ‡บๅ ดใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:03
I mean, I can't ask of anything else.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‚‚ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:04
You just seem to be enjoying your tennis so much.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚นใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:07
Yeah, I'm absolutely do so.
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ใฏใ„ใ€็ตถๅฏพใใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:10
I mean, how, how can't I? You know.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใงใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใปใ‚‰ใ€‚
02:13
I'm, I feel I'm very happy to have reached what I've started now.
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็งใฏใ€ไปŠๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใ“ใจใซๅˆฐ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใฆใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅนธใ›ใ ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:20
BBC Learning English dot com.
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BBC Learning English ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใƒ ใ€‚
02:23
And with me again in the studio is teacher and teacher trainer Richard Hallows.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ†ใณ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚ธใ‚ชใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ๆ•™ๅธซ ๅ…ผๆ•™ๅธซใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒŠใƒผใฎใƒชใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒ‰ใƒปใƒใƒญใƒผใ‚บใงใ™ใ€‚
02:28
โ€” Hello, Richard. โ€” Hello, Callum.
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โ€” ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒชใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒ‰ใ€‚ โ€” ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ซใƒซใƒ ใ€‚
02:30
Richard, Steffi Graf was a very successful tennis player,
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ใƒชใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒ†ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒปใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใฏ ใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚น้ธๆ‰‹ใจใ—ใฆ้žๅธธใซๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
02:34
but is she a successful user of English as an international language?
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ใŒใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅ›ฝ้š›่จ€่ชžใจใ—ใฆใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ‰‹ใจใ—ใฆๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ?
02:38
She's very successful. She communicates what she's saying very clearly.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใซไผใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:42
What I'd like to talk about, thinking about Steffi,
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒ†ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใชใŒใ‚‰็งใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€
02:46
is the way she sequences events when she's speaking.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใฎ้ †ๅบไป˜ใ‘ใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ ใ€‚
02:49
โ€” Sequences? โ€” OK, so for example,
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โ€” ใ‚ทใƒผใ‚ฑใƒณใ‚น๏ผŸ โ€” OKใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
02:52
she makes it clear that one thing happened before or after another thing.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจใฎๅ‰ๅพŒใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:57
She uses things like "before Paris",
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒชใซ่กŒใๅ‰ใ€ใ€
03:00
"and then I didn't play" and "what kept me going",
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ใ€ŒใใฎๅพŒใƒ—ใƒฌใƒผใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ ไฝ•ใŒ็งใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ•ใ›ใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใ€
03:03
"then I went to the French Open".
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ใ€ŒใใฎๅพŒใ€ๅ…จไปใ‚ชใƒผใƒ—ใƒณใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ€ใชใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:06
So she's using words like 'before' and 'then'
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ใใ“ใงๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€ๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใฎ้ †ๅบใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ใ€Œๅ‰ใ€ใ‚„ใ€ŒใใฎๅพŒใ€ใชใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
03:10
to make it clear the order of events.
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ใ€‚
03:12
Before Paris, I wasn't even sure if I was supposed to play Paris,
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ใƒ‘ใƒชใซ่กŒใๅ‰ใฏใ€ ใƒ‘ใƒชใงใƒ—ใƒฌใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ในใใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ™ใ‚‰ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:16
because I wasn't in the best of conditions and, you know, back hurting a little bit
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒๆœ€้ซ˜ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ—ใ€ ่ƒŒไธญใŒๅฐ‘ใ—็—›ใ‹ใฃใŸใ—ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ
03:20
and I didn't play a lot of matches in the past few weeks before that
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ฉฆๅˆใซๅ‡บๅ ดใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ ใใฎๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ๅ‰ใ€
03:24
and what kept me really going was really to get some match preparation
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็งใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅ‰้€ฒใ•ใ›ใŸใฎใฏใ€
03:29
to come here to Wimbledon.
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ใ“ใ“ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒณใƒ–ใƒซใƒ‰ใƒณใซๆฅใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ่ฉฆๅˆใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:31
Then I went to France and now I'm here in the finals.
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใซ่กŒใใ€ ไปŠๆฑบๅ‹ๆˆฆใซๅ‡บๅ ดใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:34
I mean, I can't ask of anything else.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‚‚ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:35
So this is not just being done through using the simple past or the past perfect.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใ‚„้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฎใฟ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:39
It's not done through grammar, it's done through vocabulary.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆใงใฏใชใใ€ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:41
Yeah. You can just say, and we often do when we're speaking,
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ—ใฆใ€ใจใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚ˆใใใ†ใ—ใพใ™
03:45
use words 'and' and 'then'.
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ใ€‚
03:48
These two words are probably enough to communicate, you know,
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใงๅๅˆ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:53
the message, the idea.
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ใ€‚
03:55
But it may be a little dull for the listener.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ่ดใไบบใซใจใฃใฆใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้€€ๅฑˆใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:57
โ€” Mm. โ€” It may sound a little boring.
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- ใ‚“ใ‚“ใ€‚ โ€•โ€•ๅฐ‘ใ—้€€ๅฑˆใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:59
So maybe we need to think of other ways of saying this.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
04:02
OK, so could you just go over a few of those expressions again?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹?
04:05
Well, why not use 'first of all',
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ€Œใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใใฎๅพŒใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใใฎๅพŒใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใฟใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
04:08
'then', 'then after that', or you could say 'afterwards',
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€ŒใใฎๅพŒใ€ใ€
04:13
'and finally'.
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ใ€Œใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:14
Well, tell me, try and give an example of how that might work?
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:18
OK, well, you have a think about... I'm gonna tell you what I did this morning
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OKใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†... ไปŠๆœ็งใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™
04:23
and I'm not gonna tell you the correct order
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ใŒใ€
04:26
and see if you can maybe put them into the correct order, using some of these words.
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„้ †ๅบใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€‚
04:30
OK.
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OKใ€‚
04:31
I got up.
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็งใฏ็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใฃใŸใ€‚
04:33
I went to the pub.
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ใƒ‘ใƒ–ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:35
I went to work.
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็งใฏไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:37
I bumped into a friend.
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ๅ‹้”ใซใฐใฃใŸใ‚ŠไผšใฃใŸใ€‚
04:40
And I came to the BBC.
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ใใ—ใฆBBCใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:42
Now, what did I do first and next?
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏๆœ€ๅˆใจๆฌกใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:45
Let me see, OK.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:46
โ€” Well, first, you got up. โ€” Mm-hm.
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โ€•โ€•ใ•ใฆใ€ใพใš่ตทใใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚ โ€” ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
04:49
And then you went to work.
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:52
After that, you went to the pub.
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ‘ใƒ–ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:56
And while you were in the pub, you bumped into a friend.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒ‘ใƒ–ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ ๅ‹ไบบใซใฐใฃใŸใ‚Šไผšใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:59
And, finally, you came to the BBC.
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ใใ—ใฆใคใ„ใซBBCใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚
05:01
Mm. That's actually correct.
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ใ‚“ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:04
So you went to the pub before you came here?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใƒ‘ใƒ–ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
05:06
I did, but I only had an orange juice.
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้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ‚ชใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ—ใ‹ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:08
Ah, how very professional of you.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใชใ‚“ใฆใƒ—ใƒญใƒ•ใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ทใƒงใƒŠใƒซใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:10
Now, very interesting,
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้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€
05:11
โ€” you used the word 'while'. โ€” Mm.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œwhileใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ - ใ‚“ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:14
Can you think why you used that word 'while'?
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ใชใœ ใ€ŒใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸใฎใ‹่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:15
Well, because, well, because while you were in the pub,
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ใ ใฃใฆใ€ใ ใฃใฆใ€ ใ ใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒ‘ใƒ–ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€
05:20
you bumped into the friend โ€” at the same time.
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ใใฎๅ‹ไบบใซๅถ็„ถไผšใฃใŸใ‚“ใงใ™โ€•โ€• ๅŒๆ™‚ใซใ€‚
05:22
At the same, at the same time,
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ๅŒๆ™‚ใซใ€ๅŒๆ™‚ใซใ€
05:23
which is very useful, to be able to say something happening at the same time.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ใ€ ๅŒๆ™‚ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:26
Mm.
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ใ‚“ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:27
Now, we can think of other words around this area.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใฏๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚‚่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:30
โ€” We've got words like 'as soon as'. โ€” Mm-hm.
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โ€”ใ€Œasoon asใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚ โ€” ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
05:34
Or 'just as', which are all around this same time.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใฎใพใพใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆ ๅŒใ˜ๆ™‚ๆœŸใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:38
And what's the difference between those?
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:40
OK, 'while' or you could use 'when' or 'as' means 'at the same time'.
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OKใ€ใ€Œwhileใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œwhenใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œasใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ใ€ŒๅŒๆ™‚ใซใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:45
'Just as' means 'exactly the same time'.
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ใ€Œjust asใ€ใฏใ€Œๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ๆ™‚ๆœŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
05:49
And 'as soon as' is when one thing happens immediately after another thing.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ™ใใซใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ ใ™ใใซๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:55
How about an example then, for 'as soon as' and 'just as'?
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ใงใฏใ€ ใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ€ใจใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ€ใฎไพ‹ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
05:58
Well, as soon as I arrived here today, I went and got myself a cup of coffee.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ“ใ“ใซๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใฆใ™ใใซ ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:04
So one thing happened immediately after you arrived.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸ็›ดๅพŒใซไธ€ใคใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:07
โ€” Mm. โ€” You arrived, you got a cup of coffee.
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- ใ‚“ใ‚“ใ€‚ โ€” ๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’ไธ€ๆฏใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:10
As soon as you arrived, you got a cup of coffee.
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ๅˆฐ็€ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ™ใใซ ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:12
Mm. And just as I was arriving, I saw a colleague leaving.
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ใ‚“ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ็งใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸใจใใ€ ๅŒๅƒšใŒๅธฐใฃใฆใ„ใใฎใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:19
So you were arriving, you saw a colleague leaving.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸใจใใ€ ๅŒๅƒšใŒๅŽปใฃใฆใ„ใใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:22
At the same, exactly the same time.
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ๅŒๆ™‚ใซใ€ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๆ™‚้–“ใซใ€‚
06:24
So just as you were arriving, you saw a colleague leaving.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸใจใใซใ€ ๅŒๅƒšใŒๅŽปใฃใฆใ„ใใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:26
Now, moving on, or next or after this,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๆฌกๅ›žไปฅ้™ใ€
06:30
are there any other things about Steffi's English you'd like to pick out?
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒ†ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆไป–ใซๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒ†ใƒ•ใ‚ฃ
06:33
Other things that I'd like to talk about Steffi are that she does make mistakes
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ใซใคใ„ใฆไป–ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:38
and I'd like to reiterate, say again, this message that it's OK to make mistakes
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้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ ใจใ„ใ†ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใจใ€
06:43
and that I said at the beginning of the programme
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ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใฎๅ†’้ ญใง็งใŒ
06:45
that Steffi is a good communicator
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒ†ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใฏไบบ้–“ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒไธŠๆ‰‹ใงใ€ใŸใจใˆ
06:47
and this is in spite of the small mistakes that she makes.
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ๅฐใ•ใช้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:51
The mistakes she makes are things with countables
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ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ็Šฏใ™้–“้•ใ„ใฏใ€ ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ
06:53
and word order and prepositions โ€” things which don't affect her meaning.
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ใ€่ชž้ †ใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใฏๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:58
For example, she says it "kept me really going".
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œ็งใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅ‰้€ฒใ•ใ›ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:02
Of course, this should be it "really kept me going".
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้ ‘ๅผตใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฎใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
07:05
There's a mistake of countables โ€”
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ๅฏ็ฎ—ๆ•ฐใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:08
she says "conditions" and it should be "condition".
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€Œๆกไปถใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๆกไปถใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
07:12
And also, there's a mistake with a preposition.
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ใ‚ใจใ€ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:14
She says, "I couldn't ask of anything else,"
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ใ€Œไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ในใ
07:17
when it should be "ask for anything else".
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’ใ€ใ€Œไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‚‚ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ€‚
07:20
In fact, we also say "ask for anything more".
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ ใ€Œใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:24
So these are mistakes that Steffi makes,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ทใƒฅใƒ†ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใŒ็Šฏใ™้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€
07:26
but I don't think it's affecting her message,
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผๅฅณใฎใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ€
07:30
what she wants to say, what she wants to communicate.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ€ ไผใˆใŸใ„ใ“ใจใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:33
That's clear for us.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใซใจใฃใฆๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:34
And so, if you're communicating clearly
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’
07:36
and people get, they understand your message,
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ใจใ‚Šใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚Œใฐใ€
07:39
that's what counts, that's what's important
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฐใ•ใช้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’
07:41
and don't worry about these small mistakes.
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
07:42
โ€” So communication is the key. โ€” Mm-hm.
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โ€•โ€•ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒๅคงไบ‹ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ โ€” ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
07:45
I wonder, Richard, if you could just summarise today's points for us?
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ใƒชใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ่ฆ็‚นใ‚’่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
07:48
OK, well, we talked about sequencing, putting things in the correct order
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ„้ †ๅบใซไธฆในใ€ใ€Œ
07:51
and using a variety of words,
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07:54
things like 'first of all', 'then', 'next', 'finally'.
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ใพใšใ€ใ€ใ€Œ ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆฌกใซใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใชใฉใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ€้ †ๅบไป˜ใ‘ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:57
We looked at using words like 'as soon as', 'just as' or 'while'
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ ๅŒๆ™‚ใซใ€ใพใŸใฏใใฎๅ‰ๅพŒใซ
08:02
to talk about things happening at the same time or around that time.
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่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ€ใ€ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใฎ้–“ใซใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
08:05
And then we also talked about how Steffi makes mistakes,
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒ†ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚
08:09
but she still communicates very effectively
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ้žๅธธใซๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใซใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
08:11
and this is what our listeners really have to remember โ€”
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒŠใƒผใŒ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ -
08:14
communication is the key.
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ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ้ตใงใ™ใ€‚
08:16
Richard Hallows, for today, thank you very much.
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ใƒชใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒ‰ใƒปใƒใƒญใƒผใ‚บใ•ใ‚“ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:18
Thank you.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
08:21
BBC Learning English dot com.
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BBC Learning English ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใƒ ใ€‚
08:27
We asked a few learners who are working hard at becoming better speakers
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠไธŠๆ‰‹ใซ่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚ใ†ใจๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝใซๅŠชๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใซใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซ
08:31
whether they are afraid to make mistakes when they speak English.
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้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ๆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
08:35
It was not my first language, so people make mistakes
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ็ฌฌไธ€่จ€่ชžใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸ ใฎใงใ€ไบบใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
08:39
and I think that people learn from their mistake.
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ไบบใฏ ้–“้•ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญฆใถใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:44
It's not a shame to make mistake.
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้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ใ“ใจใฏๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:47
I think the most important thing is to be understood by other people
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏ ไป–ใฎไบบใซ็†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:51
and I think that anybody who is...
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ไบบใฏ่ชฐใงใ‚‚โ€ฆ
08:55
That it is excusable to make mistake
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้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ใฎใฏ่จฑใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Š
08:59
and nobody would really be angry or upset if you do make mistakes.
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ใ€้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚่ชฐใ‚‚ๆœฌๆฐ—ใงๆ€’ใฃใŸใ‚Šๅ–ใ‚Šไนฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
09:04
English is not my first language.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฏ็งใฎๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:07
I think it's reasonable to make mistakes,
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09:09
as long as I can express my idea clearly.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซ่กจ็พใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€้–“้•ใ„ใฏๅฝ“็„ถใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:14
All the speakers there make the same point โ€”
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ใใ“ใซใ„ใŸ่ฌ›ๆผ”่€…ๅ…จๅ“กใŒ ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ไธปๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:16
that communication is most important
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ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚Š
09:19
and that they don't worry too much about making mistakes.
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ใ€้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
09:22
After all, if you are not a native English speaker,
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็ตๅฑ€ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€
09:25
then it's only natural to make mistakes.
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้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ใฎใฏๅฝ“็„ถใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:27
Now, before we go today,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ่ฉฑใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€
09:29
if you didn't quite catch all of Richard's better speaking tips, don't worry,
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ใƒชใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒ‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ็†่งฃใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:33
here's a chance to hear them again.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่žใใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:38
When you're speaking English, make yourself easier to understand
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚’
09:42
by using words which show clearly when things have happened.
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ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซ็คบใ™่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€็†่งฃใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
09:46
For example, if you're telling a story about something,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใ‚’่ชžใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒ†ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒปใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
09:49
use words like 'first', 'next', 'after that'
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ใ€Œๆœ€ๅˆใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆฌกใ€ใ€ ใ€ŒใใฎๅพŒใ€ใ€
09:56
and 'finally', just like we heard Steffi Graf do.
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ใ€Œๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใชใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:01
She makes it clear that one thing happened before or after another thing.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ไบ‹ใŒๅˆฅใฎไบ‹ใฎๅ‰ๅพŒใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:06
She uses things like "before Paris", "and then I didn't play"
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒชใซ่กŒใๅ‰ใ€ใ€ ใ€ŒใใฎๅพŒใƒ—ใƒฌใƒผใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ
10:11
and "what kept me going", "then I went to the French Open".
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ไฝ•ใŒ็งใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ•ใ›ใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใ€ ใ€ŒใใฎๅพŒใ€ๅ…จไปใ‚ชใƒผใƒ—ใƒณใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ€ใชใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:15
So she's using words like 'before' and 'then'
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ใใ“ใงๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€ๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใฎ้ †ๅบใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ใ€Œๅ‰ใ€ใ‚„ใ€ŒใใฎๅพŒใ€ใชใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
10:18
to make it clear the order of events.
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ใ€‚
10:26
Use expressions and words to show if two actions happen at the same time
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ๅผใจๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒๅŒๆ™‚ใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
10:31
or very soon after each other.
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ใพใŸใฏ็›ดๅพŒใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:33
For example, 'while', 'just as', 'as soon as'.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใใฎ้–“ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใฎใพใพใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
10:39
'While' or you could use 'when' or 'as' means 'at the same time'.
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ใ€Œwhileใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œwhenใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œasใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ€ŒๅŒๆ™‚ใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:44
'Just as' means 'exactly the same time'.
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ใ€Œjust asใ€ใฏใ€Œๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ๆ™‚ๆœŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
10:47
And 'as soon as' is when one thing happens 'immediately after' another thing.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ™ใใซใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ ๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจใฎใ€Œ็›ดๅพŒใซใ€่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅค–ๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’
10:57
Even the best and most fluent speakers of a foreign language
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆตๆšขใซ่ฉฑใ™ไบบใงใ‚‚ใ€
11:01
will sometimes make mistakes.
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ๆ™‚ใซใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:04
So even if your level is not very high,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŸใจใˆใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใŒใใ‚Œใปใฉ้ซ˜ใใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€
11:06
don't worry when you're trying to speak English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:09
The important thing is to make yourself understood, to communicate.
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ๅคงๅˆ‡ใชใฎใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใ“ใจใ€ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใจใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:15
And so, if you're communicating clearly and people get,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ ใจใ‚Šใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใŒ
11:18
they understand your message,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚Œใฐใ€
11:20
that's what counts, that's what's important
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฐใ•ใช้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’
11:22
and don't worry about these small mistakes.
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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