Fake News: Fact & Fiction - Episode 8: Don't get caught out!

37,527 views ใƒป 2023-10-30

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:06
Hello and welcome to Fake News: Fact and Fiction, from BBC Learning English.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚BBC Learning English ใฎใ€Œใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น: ไบ‹ๅฎŸใจใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:09
I'm Hugo.
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็งใฏใƒ’ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ดใงใ™ใ€‚
00:11
And I'm Sam.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ‚ตใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:12
In the program today we hear from Jenni Sargent, Managing Director of First Draft News.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใฏใ€First Draft News ใฎใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒผ ใ‚ตใƒผใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:17
The issue of trust and truth online is one of the most urgent challenges facing our global society today.
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ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใฎไฟก้ ผใจ็œŸๅฎŸใฎๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใ‚ฐใƒญใƒผใƒใƒซ็คพไผšใŒ็›ด้ขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚็ทŠๆ€ฅใฎ่ชฒ้กŒใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
00:22
Yes, and we find out that even the experts can be tricked by a fake news story
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00:28
as researcher Samantha Bradshaw tells us.
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็ ”็ฉถ่€…ใฎใ‚ตใƒžใƒณใ‚ตใƒปใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ทใƒงใƒผๆฐใŒ่ชžใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใงใ‚‚ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใซ้จ™ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:32
I definitely have been caught out by a fake news story.
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้–“้•ใ„ใชใใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใซ้จ™ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:35
I believed for the longest time that ...
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็งใฏ้•ทใ„้–“ใใ†ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ...
00:39
So what was it that she believed?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:41
Stay with us to find out.
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ใœใฒใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:44
Before that though, we have some vocabulary which you are going to tell us about today.
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ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ™ใ‚‹่ชžๅฝ™ใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:49
Sam what do you have for us?
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ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€็งใŸใกใซไฝ•ใ‹็”จไบ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
00:50
Today Hugo, I have a range of phrases we can use if we realise that we have been the victim of a scam
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ใƒ’ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ดใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€่ฉๆฌบใฎ่ขซๅฎณ่€…ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™
00:58
or believed some fake news.
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ใ€‚
01:04
English has many phrasal and multi-word verbs.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏๅคšใใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚„่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:09
These are a natural part of everyday language and are used for good things as well as bad.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ—ฅๅธธ่จ€่ชžใฎ่‡ช็„ถใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใซใ‚‚ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
01:16
Take 'fall for' as an example.
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ใ€Œfall forใ€ใ‚’ไพ‹ใซๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:20
When you fall for someone, it means that you become strongly attracted to them.
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅฅฝใใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใฎไบบ ใซๅผทใๆƒนใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:26
You fall in love with them.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๆ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:28
And if you've ever fallen for someone you might remember that feeling of butterflies you have in your stomach.
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅฅฝใใซใชใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใŠ่…นใฎไธญใง่ถใŒ้ฃ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:35
But you have a very different feeling, a sinking feeling in your stomach, if you fall for a scam.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ฉๆฌบใซๅผ•ใฃใ‹ใ‹ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ€ใคใพใ‚Š่ƒƒใฎๅบ•ใŒๆฒˆใ‚€ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:44
To fall for something means that you've been tricked into believing something that isn't true.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซ้™ฅใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ้จ™ใ•ใ‚Œใฆ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฟกใ˜่พผใพใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:50
This isn't always bad.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:52
It could just be a simple joke or a prank but it could also be a con or a scam or some fake news.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚„ใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ่ฉๆฌบใ‚„่ฉๆฌบใ€ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:00
If you completely believe something that isn't true you can say: "I fell for it hook, line and sinker".
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็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒ•ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ€ใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ซใƒผใซๅคขไธญใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:08
'To fall for' isn't used in the passive and suggests perhaps that you think you believed something too easily.
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ใ€ŒTo fall forใ€ใฏๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใฏไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใšใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซไฟกใ˜ใ™ใŽใŸใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎๅฟœ็ญ”ใงใฏ
02:18
To highlight the action of the scammers rather than your own response,
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ใชใ่ฉๆฌบๅธซใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ใ€
02:23
there are a number of other phrases with similar meanings which we use which are generally only in the passive.
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ๅŒๆง˜ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคไป–ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใŒๅคšๆ•ฐใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้€šๅธธๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:32
These are 'to be taken in by' and 'to be caught out by'.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅ–ใ‚Š่พผใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œ่ฟฝใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:38
Now to help you avoid falling for, being taken in by, or caught out by fake news and scams,
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ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚„่ฉๆฌบใซ้จ™ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ€้จ™ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅผ•ใฃๆŽ›ใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€
02:46
let's go back to the programme for some more tips.
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ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใซๆˆปใฃใฆใ•ใ‚‰ใซใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:51
Thanks Sam.
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02:51
It can be easy to be taken in by fake news, but in today's programme perhaps some advice from our first guest,
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€‚
ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใซ้จ™ใ•ใ‚ŒใŒใกใงใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ็•ช็ต„ใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ฒใ‚นใƒˆใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒผใƒปใ‚ตใƒผใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
02:57
Jenni Sargent. She is the managing director of an organisation called First Draft News,
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€
03:03
who work around the world to fight what they call 'information disorder'.
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ใ€Œๆƒ…ๅ ฑ้šœๅฎณใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจๆˆฆใ†ใŸใ‚ใซไธ–็•Œไธญใงๆดปๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚นใƒˆ ใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒ•ใƒˆ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹็ต„็น”ใฎใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
03:07
We spoke to Jenni earlier and asked how we can face the challenge of identifying and dealing with fake news.
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็งใŸใกใฏไปฅๅ‰ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒผใจ่ฉฑใ—ใ€ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใฆๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่ชฒ้กŒใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฏพๅ‡ฆใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒ
03:16
We have an acronym that we use which is S.H.E.E.P.
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้ ญๅญ—่ชžใฏ S.H.E.E.P ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:20
We say to think about: the source, the history, the emotion, the evidence, and whether it includes pictures.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ๆƒ…ๅ ฑๆบใ€ๆญดๅฒใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ€ ่จผๆ‹ ใ€ใใ—ใฆๅ†™็œŸใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใชใ•ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:26
Because those are the five things that you can remember and help you think before you share.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 5 ใคใฏ ่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:32
Take time to think through who shared it, what's their motivation,
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€่ชฐใŒๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใใฎ ๅ‹•ๆฉŸใฏไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹ใ€ไป–ใซ
03:36
what else have they shared that might be relevant? Have they tried to manipulate me emotionally?
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้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใ˜ใฃใใ‚Š่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใ‚’ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็š„ใซๆ“ไฝœใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:41
And what evidence do they present with this piece of information, this story, or this video or this image?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใฎ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ€ใ“ใฎ็‰ฉ่ชžใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ€ใ“ใฎ็”ปๅƒใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จผๆ‹ ใ‚’ๆ็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
03:47
Have they used images which are very easily, easy to persuade us to think differently?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใซ้•ใ†่€ƒใˆๆ–นใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใซ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใง็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ?
03:53
So taking time as a member of society before you share is something that we can all do to help.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็คพไผšใฎไธ€ๅ“กใจใ—ใฆใ€ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅ‰ฒใใ“ใจใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกๅ…จๅ“กใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:59
Sheep: an acronym to help you think before you share.
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็พŠ: ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค้ ญๅญ—่ชžใ€‚
04:02
So let's take a look at it in a bit more detail now.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฉณใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:05
So 'S' is for 'source'.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒSใ€ใฏใ€Œใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:07
Yes, the source is where the information is coming from.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใฏๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฎๅ‡บๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:11
Is it someone you know?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:13
Is it an organisation you trust?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹็ต„็น”ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:17
Are they who they say they are?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใจใŠใ‚Šใฎไบบใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:20
If it's a well-known person, is it their actual account?
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่‘—ๅใชไบบ็‰ฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใ‹?
04:24
Well it's very easy to fake a social media post. Just take a look at this for example
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ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฎๆŠ•็จฟใ‚’ๅฝ้€ ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
04:30
Wow. So the former president loves us! Looks just like the real thing, doesn't it?
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ…ƒๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใฏ็งใŸใกใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™๏ผ ๆœฌ็‰ฉใใฃใใ‚Šใงใ™ใญใ€‚
04:35
Except it's fake. It's just an image. It's been automatically generated by one of a number of fake tweet sites.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฝ็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้™คใ„ใฆใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅคšๆ•ฐใฎๅฝใƒ„ใ‚คใƒผใƒˆ ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใฎ 1 ใคใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ่‡ชๅ‹•็š„ใซ็”Ÿๆˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
04:45
And if you really weren't sure, you could go to the actual account and
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ขบไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€
04:48
see that this post doesn't actually appear on the timeline.
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ใ“ใฎๆŠ•็จฟใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:52
And one way of finding out more about the source is
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ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฉณใ—ใ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€
04:55
by looking at the history of the account of the person or organisation posting.
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ๆŠ•็จฟใ—ใŸๅ€‹ไบบใพใŸใฏ็ต„็น”ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใฎๅฑฅๆญดใ‚’่ชฟในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:58
So 'History' is the 'H' of sheep.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€ŒHistoryใ€ใฏ็พŠใฎใ€ŒHใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:01
How old is the account? Who follows them? Who do they follow? What else have they posted?
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ใ‚ขใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใฏไฝ•ๅนดๅ‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‹? ่ชฐใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ชฐใ‚’ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ๆŠ•็จฟใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
05:05
Do all these things make the source more or less reliable?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆƒ…ๅ ฑๆบใฎไฟก้ ผๆ€งใฏๅคšใ‹ใ‚Œๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใ‚Œ้ซ˜ใพใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
05:10
For example the other day on Facebook I saw a post a friend of mine had shared.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅ…ˆๆ—ฅ Facebook ใง ๅ‹ไบบใŒใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚ขใ—ใŸๆŠ•็จฟใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:16
It was from a company offering a great prize for liking and sharing their post.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ ๆŠ•็จฟใซใ€Œใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่ณžๅ“ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ไผๆฅญใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:22
This is a common scam on Facebook but some are genuine.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ Facebook ใงใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹่ฉๆฌบใงใ™ใŒใ€ไธญใซใฏๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎ่ฉๆฌบใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:27
So I did a bit of digging and when I checked out the company's own Facebook profile,
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ใใ“ใง็งใฏๅฐ‘ใ—่ชฟในใฆใฟใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ใใฎ ไผš็คพ่‡ช่บซใฎ Facebook ใƒ—ใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€
05:33
their account was only a few days old and there was no history of posts.
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ใใฎใ‚ขใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใฏ้–‹่จญใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใšใ‹ๆ•ฐๆ—ฅใ—ใ‹็ตŒใฃใฆใŠใ‚‰ใš ใ€ๆŠ•็จฟใฎๅฑฅๆญดใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:40
This was a red flag and made me think it was probably one of those scam competitions.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฑ้™บไฟกๅทใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ่ฉๆฌบใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฎไธ€็จฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:46
Yea. The next part of the acronym is 'Emotion'.
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ใใ†ใ ใญใ€‚ ้ ญๅญ—่ชžใฎๆฌกใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใ€ŒEmotionใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:48
Is the post manipulating your emotions? Does it want you to feel angry or outraged?
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ๆŠ•็จฟใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๆ“ไฝœใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚„ๆฟ€ๆ€’ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:55
Is it biased? Is it saying something for example you wouldn't believe about someone you like,
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ๅ่ฆ‹ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ๅฅฝใใชไบบใฎใ“ใจใฏไฟกใ˜ใชใ„
06:00
but you would believe about someone you don't like?
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ใ‘ใฉใ€ๅซŒใ„ใชไบบใฎใ“ใจใฏไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:03
But just because a post might generate strong emotions doesn't mean it's fake news.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆŠ•็จฟใŒๅผทใ„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใฃใฆใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:11
There are many news reports that might make you feel sadness or anger, but does the language of the post suggest
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ๆ‚ฒใ—ใฟใ‚„ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นๅ ฑ้“ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎๆŠ•็จฟใฎๆ–‡่จ€ใฏใ€
06:18
you should be feeling a particular way? Does it suggest you should or must share it?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๆŠฑใในใใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ๆŠ•็จฟใงใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚ขใ—ใ‚ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
06:25
I always get a bit suspicious whenever a post tells me to share it.
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ใŸใณใซใ€็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใ—็–‘ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:30
Yeah and the next part of the acronym is another E. This one is for 'Evidence'.
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ใฏใ„ใ€้ ญๅญ—่ชžใฎๆฌกใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏๅˆฅใฎ E ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ่จผๆ‹ ใ€ใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:36
If the post is making claims about politicians, health, science for example which aren't being reported in
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ใใฎๆŠ•็จฟใŒใ€ ใŸใจใˆใฐไธปๆตใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใงใฏๅ ฑ้“ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฎถใ€ๅฅๅบทใ€็ง‘ๅญฆใซใคใ„ใฆใฎไธปๅผตใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
06:42
the mainstream media, what evidence is there that they are actually true?
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ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่จผๆ‹ ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
06:47
This is a tricky area as the mainstream media can't and doesn't report everything.
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ไธปๆต ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅ ฑ้“ใงใใชใ„ใ—ใ€ๅ ฑ้“ใ—ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅˆ†้‡Žใ ใ€‚
06:53
And of course in some cases has its own agenda and also does make mistakes.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎๆ„ๅ›ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:59
These are areas that can be really very complex.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ้žๅธธใซ่ค‡้›‘ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹้ ˜ๅŸŸใงใ™ใ€‚
07:03
If you don't trust the mainstream media, how do you decide what sources you do trust?
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ไธปๆตใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใ‚’ไฟก้ ผใ—ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใฉใฎ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑๆบใ‚’ไฟก้ ผใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅˆคๆ–ญใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
07:09
And is that trust based on objective evidence or
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎไฟก้ ผใฏๅฎข่ฆณ็š„ใช่จผๆ‹ ใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€
07:13
because those sources say things you agree with or want to be true.
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑๆบใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
07:18
Yeah it can be very difficult to recognise and ignore our own biases,
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใฎๅ่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆ็„ก่ฆ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:23
which is why it's helpful to look for multiple sources and opinions that are different from our own.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑๆบใ‚„ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŽขใ™ใ“ใจใŒๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
07:30
The final part of the jigsaw is pictures. Are photos and videos used as evidence?
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ใ‚ธใ‚ฐใ‚ฝใƒผใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏ็ตตใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ†™็œŸใ‚„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฏ่จผๆ‹ ใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹?
07:37
We've seen how easy it is for images to be misleading.
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็”ปๅƒใŒใ„ใ‹ใซ่ชค่งฃใ‚’ๆ‹›ใใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:41
So do the images show what you are being told they show?
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ใงใฏใ€็”ปๅƒใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไผใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
07:45
Are the captions accurate? Could the pictures have been manipulated?
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ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆญฃ็ขบใงใ™ใ‹? ๅ†™็œŸใฏๅŠ ๅทฅใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
07:51
So remember SHEEP as a fact checking guide to detecting fake news.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๆคœๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚ฏใƒˆ ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใจใ—ใฆ SHEEP ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
08:00
To be a fake news detective you have to be aware that it is out there.
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ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฎๆŽขๅตใซใชใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใŒ ๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:05
You have to be sceptical and want to find the truth before you share something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ๆ‡็–‘็š„ใซใชใ‚Šใ€็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:10
And if you do come across a post that is suspicious or maybe something that a friend has shared,
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ใพใŸใ€็–‘ใ‚ใ—ใ„ๆŠ•็จฟใ‚„ๅ‹ไบบใŒๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸๆŠ•็จฟใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
08:16
how should you go about dealing with it?
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
08:18
Yeah there are many fact checking and debunking websites and services out there.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ— ใฆ่ชคใ‚Šใ‚’ๆšดใใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใ‚„ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:22
It's often very quick to do a search for particular phrases or keywords
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ชžๅฅใ‚„ใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆคœ็ดขใ—ใฆใ€
08:26
to see if the topic has been covered on one of them.
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ใใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:29
And another tip here is to include the word 'fake' or 'scam' in the search term as well.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใฏใ€ ๆคœ็ดข่ชžใซใ€Œๅฝ็‰ฉใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ่ฉๆฌบใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚‚ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:36
But the trouble I have is if I come across something a friend has posted or shared,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ ๅ‹ไบบใŒๆŠ•็จฟใพใŸใฏๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
08:42
should I let them know?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ในใใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:44
Good question. Do you do that Sam?
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่‰ฏใ„่ณชๅ•ใ€‚ ใ‚ตใƒ ใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
08:46
I have done. Yes.
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ใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€‚
08:48
And how did it go?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
08:50
To be honest it was a bit mixed. It depends on who shared it and what it was.
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—่ค‡้›‘ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ่ชฐใŒๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:55
So most friends are OK with it if, for example, it's a fake competition and you warn them about it.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฝใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ญฆๅ‘Šใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
09:01
Some don't acknowledge it at all but if it's something a bit more controversial, like a conspiracy theory
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…จใ่ชใ‚ใชใ„ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้™ฐ่ฌ€่ซ–
09:09
or one of those miracle cures the pharmaceutical industry is apparently hiding,
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ใ‚„ ่ฃฝ่–ฌๆฅญ็•ŒใŒๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซ้š ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฅ‡่ทกใฎๆฒป็™‚ๆณ•ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็‰ฉ่ญฐใ‚’้†ธใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’
09:14
then some people get quite angry if you challenge their beliefs even when you link it to the facts.
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใฎไฟกๅฟตใซ็•ฐ่ญฐใ‚’ๅ”ฑใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆ€’ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใ€‚
09:21
Or maybe because you link to the facts. I'm not sure.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸใจใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
09:25
Yeah. That's an interesting observation and it's a question we put to disinformation researcher
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„่ฆณๅฏŸใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ‰ๅคงๅญฆใฎ ๅฝๆƒ…ๅ ฑ็ ”็ฉถ่€…
09:30
Samantha Bradshaw from Oxford University.
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ใ‚ตใƒžใƒณใ‚ตใƒปใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใซๅฐ‹ใญใŸ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ข ใƒใƒฃใƒใƒซใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ€
09:33
How do you deal with fake news people share which appears on your social media channels?
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ไบบใ€…ใŒๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใซใฉใ†ๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ—ใพใ™ใ‹ ?
09:38
And this is what she had to say.
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผๅฅณใŒ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:42
So combating fake news as it appears in our own news feeds and our Twitter feeds.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚„Twitterใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใจใฎๆˆฆใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:49
It's a very delicate task I think because one can't simply just post a debunked news article
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซใƒ‡ใƒชใ‚ฑใƒผใƒˆใชไฝœๆฅญใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ ๅ˜ใซ่ชคใ‚Šใ‚’ๆšดใ„ใŸใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆŠ•็จฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง
09:58
and have the problem fixed.
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ๅ•้กŒใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:01
The reason why fake news often spreads further and faster than other kinds of information again comes back to this
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ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใŒ ไป–ใฎ็จฎ้กžใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้ ใใพใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้€Ÿใๆ‹กๆ•ฃใ™ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใฏใ€ใ‚„ใฏใ‚Šใ“ใฎ
10:10
whole issue of identity signalling and people don't necessarily care that the information contained
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ทใ‚ฐใƒŠใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใฎๅ•้กŒๅ…จไฝ“ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใซ ๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
10:16
in a story, whether or not it's true.
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ใ€‚
10:19
They don't care about the facts or not they care more about belonging to a sense of community.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใ—ใ€ ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใฎๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใซๅฑžใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:27
And so posting a debunked story doesn't necessarily change people's minds.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ชคใ‚ŠใŒๆšดใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆŠ•็จฟใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ไบบใ€…ใฎ่€ƒใˆใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:33
Instead I think we need to engage more critically one another but in a way that promotes empathy
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ใใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€็งใŸใกใฏใŠไบ’ใ„ใซใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ‰นๅˆค็š„ใซ้–ขใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ‚’ไฟƒ้€ฒใ—
10:40
and promotes understanding so that again we can negotiate consensus and
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ใ€็†่งฃใ‚’ไฟƒ้€ฒใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๅ†ใณ ๅˆๆ„ใ‚’ไบคๆธ‰ใ—ใ€
10:45
come together to build our democracy and find balanced viewpoints.
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ๆฐ‘ไธปไธป็พฉใ‚’ๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ— ใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใฎๅ–ใ‚ŒใŸ่ฆ–็‚นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅ›ฃ็ตใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:51
Anything you like to comment there, Sam?
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ตใƒ ๏ผŸ
10:53
Yes I'd like to pick out the phrase 'a delicate task'.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ€Œ็นŠ็ดฐใชไป•ไบ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’้ธใณใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:58
Samantha said that dealing with fake news on our own social media is 'a delicate task'.
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ใ‚ตใƒžใƒณใ‚ตใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ€่‡ช็คพใฎใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขไธŠใงใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใซๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ใ€Œใƒ‡ใƒชใ‚ฑใƒผใƒˆใชไป•ไบ‹ใ€ใ ใจ่ชžใฃใŸใ€‚
11:04
So this means it's a difficult job that needs to be done carefully with sensitivity.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ็นŠ็ดฐใชไฝœๆฅญใ‚’ๆ…Ž้‡ใซ่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹้›ฃใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:11
And she also talked about 'empathy' which is understanding other people's feelings and experiences.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ไป–ใฎไบบใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚„็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ€Œๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:20
Well I think if we all had more empathy and understanding the world would be a better place.
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็งใŸใกๅ…จๅ“กใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ— ใ€็†่งฃใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€ไธ–็•Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:26
But it might put you out of a job as a journalist Hugo if there wasn't any conflict.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ‚‚ใ—่ก็ชใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใƒ’ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ดใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใจใ—ใฆใฎ่ทใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:32
I think there would still be plenty of conflict to go around and there will always be people trying
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ใพใ ใพใ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็ด›ไบ‰ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ— ใ€ไป–ไบบใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใฏๅธธใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
11:36
to take advantage of other people which leads us back to our guest Samantha Bradshaw.
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ใ‚ฒใ‚นใƒˆใฎใ‚ตใƒžใƒณใ‚ตใƒปใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใฎ่ฉฑใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:41
Has she ever fallen for a fake news story? Take a listen.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใซ้จ™ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ่žใ„ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:45
I definitely have been caught out by a fake news story.
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้–“้•ใ„ใชใใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใซ้จ™ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:49
I believed for the longest time that teacup pigs were a real thing.
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็งใฏ้•ทใ„้–“ใ€ ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฐใฏๆœฌ็‰ฉใ ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:53
And for anyone who doesn't know, a teacup pig is a little baby pig and there would be all these cute viral videos on
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็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ไบบใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใŠใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฐใจใฏๅฐใ•ใชๅญ่ฑšใฎใ“ใจใงใ€ใ“ใฎๅญ่ฑšใŒ่ตฐใ‚Šๅ›žใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ๅ‹•็”ปใŒใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆไธŠใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๆ‹กๆ•ฃใ•ใ‚Œ
12:00
the Internet of these little pigs running around and the idea was that they would stay that little forever.
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ใ€ ใใฎๅญ่ฑšใŒๆฐธ้ ใซๆฎ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:06
But in reality they were just normal pigs that would grow to be a real sized pig.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๆˆ้•ทใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅฎŸ็‰ฉๅคงใฎ่ฑšใซใชใ‚‹ๆ™ฎ้€šใฎ่ฑšใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:11
But I had it in my mind that I was going to buy a teacup pig one day because they were just so adorable and dog-like
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใƒ–ใ‚ฟใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ„›ใ‚‰ใ—ใใฆ็Šฌใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงๅฏๆ„›ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ„ใคใ‹่ฒทใŠใ†ใจๅฟƒใฎไธญใงๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒ
12:17
and cute, only later to find out that those are not real. They are fully grown pigs.
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ใ€ๅพŒใซใชใฃใฆใใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌ็‰ฉใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆˆ้•ทใ—ใŸ่ฑšใงใ™ใ€‚
12:25
You can buy one, it will just be massive one day.
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1 ใค่ฒทใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใคใ‹ๅทจๅคงใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:29
So even the experts can be caught out although
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
12:32
happy to report that Samantha realised it was a scam before she actually bought one.
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ใ‚ตใƒžใƒณใ‚ตใŒ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใใ‚ŒใŒ่ฉๆฌบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใจๅ–œใ‚“ใงๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใงใ•ใˆใ‚‚ใƒใƒฌใฆใ—ใพใ†ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:36
Yes, and you might think that selling cute pigs is a harmless scam
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใƒ–ใ‚ฟใ‚’ๅฃฒใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็„กๅฎณใช่ฉๆฌบใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
12:41
but this and other similar hoaxes lead to all sorts of problems.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚„ไป–ใฎๅŒๆง˜ใฎใƒ‡ใƒžใฏใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:46
So, for example, what do you do if you live in a tiny flat and you bought a tiny pet that then grows to be
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ใงใฏใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ขใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใฆใ€ ๅฐใ•ใชใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆˆ้•ทใ—ใฆใŠ่…นใ‚’็ฉบใ‹ใ›ใŸ
12:55
a huge hungry pet?
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ๅทจๅคงใชใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใซใชใฃใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
12:57
Many of these pigs have been starved, abandoned and poorly treated.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ฑšใฎๅคšใใฏ้ฃขใˆใ€ๆจใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€ใฒใฉใ„ๆ‰ฑใ„ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:02
Yet there is still a market for them on social media.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใซใฏไพ็„ถใจใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅธ‚ๅ ดใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:05
Yes not all fake news is about issues such as politics, health, science.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใŒๆ”ฟๆฒปใ€ๅฅๅบทใ€็ง‘ๅญฆใชใฉใฎๅ•้กŒใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:10
Well, now a lot to digest. Please Sam remind us of today's vocabulary.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠใฏๆถˆๅŒ–ใ™ในใใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:15
Of course.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:16
So to start with, there are some phrasal and multi-word verbs.
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ใพใšใ€ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใจ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:22
To 'fall for someone' means 'to fall in love'
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ใ€Œ่ชฐใ‹ใซ่ฝใกใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€Œๆ‹ใซ่ฝใกใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
13:25
but to 'fall for something' means you believed something that wasn't true.
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ใŒใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใซ่ฝใกใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:31
And if you completely believed it without any doubts, you fell for it 'hook line and sinker'.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใฎ็–‘ใ„ใ‚‚ใชใใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซไฟกใ˜ใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใƒ•ใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใจใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ซใƒผใ€ใซใƒใƒžใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:40
The verbs 'to be taken in by' or 'caught out by' something also mean that you believed something that wasn't true
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใ€Œๅ–ใ‚Š่พผใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅทปใ่พผใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚‚ใ€็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
13:49
but these are generally used in the passive if you are talking about the victim.
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ ่ขซๅฎณ่€…ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
13:55
A 'delicate task' is a difficult job that needs to be done carefully with politeness and sensitivity.
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ใ€Œ็นŠ็ดฐใชไป•ไบ‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€ ไธๅฏงใ•ใจๆ„Ÿๆ€งใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆไธๅฏงใซ่กŒใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„้›ฃใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:04
And 'empathy' is understanding other people's feelings and experiences.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ€ใจใฏใ€ ไป–ไบบใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚„็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:10
Thank you Sam.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€‚
14:11
Now the Internet and social media are fantastic resources of information
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็พๅœจใ€ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใจใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฏ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆƒ…ๅ ฑๆบใงใ‚ใ‚Š
14:15
and great tools for keeping in touch with family and friends.
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ใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใ‚„ๅ‹ไบบใจ้€ฃ็ตกใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅˆใ†ใŸใ‚ใฎๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ ใ€‚
14:17
But because they make communication so easy, it makes communication of fake news and disinformation so easy too.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚„ๅฝๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฎใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚‚้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:25
As this is the last programme in the series, I wonder if you have any final thoughts Sam.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใชใฎใงใ€ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซไฝ•ใ‹่€ƒใˆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€‚
14:30
Yes I do. So one of the things that struck me was how long fake news has been around but also
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€็งใŒๅฐ่ฑกใซๆฎ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘้•ทใ„ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€
14:37
that fake news only spreads if it is shared.
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ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฏๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ ดๅˆใซใฎใฟๅบƒใพใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:41
And the one thing we've heard again and again in this series is
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใง็งใŸใกใŒไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€
14:45
always to think very carefully before sharing something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซๅธธใซๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:50
Don't take everything you see on the Internet at face value but be vigilant, be sceptical, be aware of your own biases
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ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆไธŠใง็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ™ในใฆใ‚’้ก้ข้€šใ‚Šใซๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€็”จๅฟƒๆทฑใใ€ๆ‡็–‘็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใฎๅ่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใ€
14:59
and research anything that raises a red flag.
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ๅฑ้™บไฟกๅทใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ™ในใฆ่ชฟๆŸปใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:04
How about you Hugo?
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ใƒ’ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ดใ•ใ‚“ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:05
Yeah absolutely. I think that's why we all have a role to play.
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ใฏใ„ใ€็ตถๅฏพใซใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€็งใŸใกๅ…จๅ“กใŒๆžœใŸใ™ในใๅฝนๅ‰ฒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ–ใฎไธญใซใฏ
15:08
There's so much out there that's not true that it's vital for all of us to share responsibly.
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็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ็งใŸใกๅ…จๅ“กใŒ่ฒฌไปปใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
15:14
Well that's all from us today and from this series.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ็งใŸใกใจใ“ใฎใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ่ฉฑใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ตใƒ ใจใ”ไธ€็ท’
15:17
It's been a pleasure to have your company and Sam, thank you!
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ใงใใฆใจใฆใ‚‚ๅ…‰ๆ „ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†๏ผ
15:20
And thank you to Hugo it really has been a pleasure.
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ใใ—ใฆใƒ’ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ดใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใพใ™ใ€ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฅฝใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
15:24
Goodbye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
15:25
Goodbye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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