Natanz: Iran blames Israel: BBC News Review

49,475 views ใƒป 2021-04-13

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello and welcome to News Review from BBC Learning English.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ BBC Learning English ใฎ News Review ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:03
I'm Neil. Joining me is Catherine. Hello, Catherine.
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็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใซๅŠ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ตใƒชใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ตใƒชใƒณใ€‚
00:06
Hello, Neil. Hello, everybody. The story we're looking at today is of a
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€‚ ใฟใชใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒไปŠๆ—ฅ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่ฉฑใฏ
00:10
cyber attack, which has happened on an underground nuclear facility in Iran.
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ใ€ใ‚คใƒฉใƒณใฎๅœฐไธ‹ๆ ธๆ–ฝ่จญใง่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‚ตใ‚คใƒใƒผๆ”ปๆ’ƒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใง่žใ„ใŸ่ชžๅฝ™ใซใคใ„ใฆ
00:17
If you want to test yourself on any of the vocabulary you
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่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„
00:20
hear in this programme, you can test yourself
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€bbclearningenglish.com ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใง่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใใพใ™
00:22
on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.
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ใ€‚
00:25
Now, let's hear some more about that
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ใ•ใฆใ€
00:27
story from this BBC News report:
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ใ“ใฎ BBC ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฎใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ่ฉฑใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:49
Yes, it's a big story.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงใใช่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚คใƒฉใƒณ
00:50
There has been a cyber attack on an underground nuclear facility in Iran.
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ใฎๅœฐไธ‹ๆ ธๆ–ฝ่จญใธใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒใƒผๆ”ปๆ’ƒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
00:57
Now, they'd just started using new, advanced machines called centrifuges
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็พๅœจใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้ ๅฟƒๅˆ†้›ขๆฉŸใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆฉŸๆขฐใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Š
01:04
and now those machines no longer work. The Iranian minister...
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ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆฉŸๆขฐใฏใ‚‚ใฏใ‚„ ๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚คใƒฉใƒณใฎๅคง่‡ฃ
01:09
the Iranian Foreign Minister has blamed Israel for the attack
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... ใ‚คใƒฉใƒณใฎๅค–ๅ‹™ๅคง่‡ฃใฏ ใ€ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใฎ่ฒฌไปปใฏใ‚คใ‚นใƒฉใ‚จใƒซใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ้ž้›ฃใ—
01:13
and says his country will 'take revenge'.
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ใ€ๅฝผใฎๅ›ฝ ใฏใ€Œๅ ฑๅพฉใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:18
Now, Israel hasn't commented, but Israeli public radio has said that
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็พๅœจใ€ใ‚คใ‚นใƒฉใ‚จใƒซใฏใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใ‚คใ‚นใƒฉใ‚จใƒซใฎๅ…ฌๅ…ฑใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ชใฏ
01:24
yes, this was an attack by Mossad. Now, Mossad is the...
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒขใ‚ตใƒ‰ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒขใ‚ตใƒ‰ใฏ
01:29
the Israeli โ€“ excuse me โ€“ the Israeli Intelligence Service.
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... ใ‚คใ‚นใƒฉใ‚จใƒซไบบใงใ™ - ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ - ใ‚คใ‚นใƒฉใ‚จใƒซๆƒ…ๅ ฑๅฑ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:35
OK. Well, you've been looking around at this story.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ“ใฎ็‰ฉ่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅ›žใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:37
You've picked out three really useful words. What are they?
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใค่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ 3 ใค้ธใณใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:42
Yes, today we are looking at: 'sabotage', 'outage' and 'ironclad'.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒœใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ธใƒฅใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:50
'Sabotage', 'outage' and 'ironclad'.
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ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒœใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ธใƒฅใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€ใ€‚
01:53
So, let's have a look at your first headline, please.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:56
Yes, we'll start here in the UK with the BBC โ€“ the headline:
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ“ใ“่‹ฑๅ›ฝ ใงใฏใ€BBC ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใงๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:08
'Sabotage' โ€“ deliberate destruction of something
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ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒœใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ธใƒฅใ€ใจใฏ
02:11
to prevent a competitor's success.
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ใ€็ซถๅˆไป–็คพใฎๆˆๅŠŸใ‚’ๅฆจใ’ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ›ณ็š„ใซ็ ดๅฃŠใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:14
Yes. Now, the spelling is: S-A-B-O-T-A-G-E.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ็พๅœจใ€ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใฏ S-A-B-O-T-A-G-E ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:19
The pronunciation:'sabotage'.
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็™บ้Ÿณใฏใ€Œใ‚ตใƒœใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ธใƒฅใ€ใ€‚
02:23
'-age' with that 'zjuh' sound at the end.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใใฎใ€Œzjuhใ€้Ÿณใงใ€Œ-ageใ€ใ€‚
02:26
Yes, that lovely 'zjuh' sound that you get in 'television'
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ€Œใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ€ใง่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹็ด ๆ•ตใชใ€Œใ‚บใ‚ธใƒฅใ€ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰
02:30
is at the end of 'sabotage'.
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒœใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ธใƒฅใ€ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:33
Yeah, and in this headline,
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ใˆใˆใ€ใใ—ใฆใ“ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใงใฏใ€
02:35
'sabotage' is a noun, often used as a verb as well.
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'sabotage' ใฏๅ่ฉžใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:39
Frequently, we use 'sabotage' as a verb and we can often use it in
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ€Œใ‚ตใƒœใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ธใƒฅใ€ใ‚’ ไฝฟ็”จใ—
02:43
the passive to say somebody or something 'has been sabotaged'.
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ใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใพใŸใฏ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ€Œใ‚ตใƒœใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ธใƒฅใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:49
Yes, and there's a nice little fixed expression
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
02:51
for when it's a noun: an 'act of sabotage'.
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ๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใฎใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸๅ›บๅฎš่กจ็พใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๅฆจๅฎณ่กŒ็‚บใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:54
Yes, an 'act of sabotage'. So, if you do something that will
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ€Œๅฆจๅฎณ่กŒ็‚บใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
02:58
stop somebody else performing to their required standard or ability,
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ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅŸบๆบ–ใพใŸใฏ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’็™บๆฎใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅฆจใ’ใ‚‹
03:04
or if you do something that makes something else stop working properly,
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ ไป–ใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้ฉๅˆ‡ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใชใใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
03:09
you are 'sabotaging' it or you are committing an 'act of sabotage'.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œๅฆจๅฎณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‹ใ€ใ€Œ ๅฆจๅฎณ่กŒ็‚บใ€ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
03:15
Now, this word is neither formal nor informal.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏ ๅ…ฌๅผใงใ‚‚้žๅ…ฌๅผใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:19
It's used for both very serious things
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้žๅธธใซๆทฑๅˆป
03:22
and also things which people might not think are very serious.
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ใชใ“ใจใจใ€ไบบใ€… ใŒ้žๅธธใซๆทฑๅˆปใ ใจใฏๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ“ใจใฎไธกๆ–นใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:26
Yes, absolutely. I mean, this nuclear facility โ€“ to stop a nuclear facility
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ใใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎๅŽŸๅญๅŠ› ๆ–ฝ่จญ โ€“ ๆ ธๆ–ฝ่จญใฎ
03:31
working deliberately is a very severe act of sabotage, but you can
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็จผๅƒใ‚’ๆ•…ๆ„ใซๆญขใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€้žๅธธใซ ๆทฑๅˆปใชๅฆจๅฎณ่กŒ็‚บใงใ™ใŒ
03:35
also use it in, kind of, domestic situations or personal situations.
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ใ€ๅฎถๅบญๅ†… ใพใŸใฏๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใช็Šถๆณใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:42
Imagine you've got two children entering a colouring competition,
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2 ไบบใฎๅญไพ› ใŒๅก—ใ‚Š็ตตใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
03:46
and one of them hides the red pen so that the other one can't
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ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ 1 ไบบใŒ่ตค ใƒšใƒณใ‚’้š ใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ไบบใŒ็ตตใ‚’ๆใใใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—
03:49
finish his or her drawing. That's an 'act of sabotage'.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅฆจๅฎณ่กŒ็‚บใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:54
Not a serious one โ€“ there's not going to be any massive consequences,
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้‡ๅคงใชๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ โ€“ ๅคงใใช็ตๆžœใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹
03:58
but it's still about deliberately stopping something happening the
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04:02
way it should be, because they're a competitor, sometimes as revenge,
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ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ็ซถไบ‰็›ธๆ‰‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ™‚ใซใฏใƒชใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ธใจใ—ใฆใ€
04:06
or because you just don't want them to finish or succeed.
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ใพใŸใฏใŸใ ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†็†็”ฑใงใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ในใๅงฟใง่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ•…ๆ„ใซ้˜ปๆญขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:10
It's 'sabotage'.
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ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒœใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ธใƒฅใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:12
Yeah. There is a very British word for this as well,
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏ้žๅธธใซใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น็š„ใช ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
04:14
a very colloquial British word, which has a similar meaning.
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ใ€้žๅธธใซๅฃ่ชž็š„ใชใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใง ใ€ๅŒๆง˜ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
04:19
Yes, 'to nobble'. Now, 'nobbled' means sabotage.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ€Œ่ฒดๆ—ใซใ€ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œnobbledใ€ใฏ็ ดๅฃŠๅทฅไฝœใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:22
It is mostly used in British English โ€“ and if you 'nobble' something,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธปใซใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ€ŒใƒŽใƒ–ใƒซใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
04:26
again, you stop it being successful often in competitions or races.
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ใ€็ซถๆŠ€ไผšใ‚„ใƒฌใƒผใ‚นใงใฎๆˆๅŠŸใŒๅฆจใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ฆฌ
04:31
I believe you're quite fond of betting on the horses,
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ใซ่ณญใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ
04:34
aren't you Neil? You like a horse race and a bet.
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๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ซถ้ฆฌใจ่ณญใ‘ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
04:36
Well, yes, there's a really famous horse race in the UK
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ใใ†ใใ†ใ€้€ฑๆœซใซ้–‹ๅ‚ฌใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ ใƒŠใ‚ทใƒงใƒŠใƒซใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹้žๅธธใซ ๆœ‰ๅใช็ซถ้ฆฌใŒใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใง้–‹ๅ‚ฌใ•
04:40
called the Grand National that happened at the weekend.
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ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:43
My horse was completely useless, but I'm sure it must have been 'nobbled'.
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็งใฎ้ฆฌใฏใพใฃใŸใๅฝน็ซ‹ใŸใšใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ใใฃใจใ€Œ่ฒดๆ—ใ€ใ ใฃใŸใซ้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:48
Or just... maybe you just picked the wrong horse, Neil?
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚... ้–“้•ใฃใŸ้ฆฌใ‚’้ธใ‚“ใ ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใ‹ใชใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ๏ผŸ
04:52
Maybe... I usually do.
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ใŸใถใ‚“... ็งใฏ้€šๅธธใใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:55
OK. Let's have a summary:
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†: ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒใƒผๆ”ปๆ’ƒใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹
05:05
If you are interested in stories about cyber attacks, we have the
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่จ˜ไบ‹ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
05:08
perfect one for you. Where can our viewers find it, Catherine?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใดใฃใŸใ‚Šใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ตใƒชใƒณใ€่ฆ–่ด่€…ใฏใฉใ“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
05:12
All you have to do is click that link.
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ใใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:16
OK. Let's have a look at our next headline.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:19
Yes, we are now at arabnews.com โ€“ the headline:
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ใฏใ„ใ€็พๅœจ arabnews.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ โ€“ ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—:
05:31
'Outage' โ€“ a period when a service,
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ใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€ โ€“ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚น (
05:34
often electricity, is not working.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€้›ปๆฐ—) ใŒๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๆœŸ้–“ใ€‚
05:36
Yes. Now, the spelling for this one is: O-U-T-A-G-E.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซ ใฏ O-U-T-A-G-E ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:41
It's a noun. The pronunciation is 'outage'.
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ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ็™บ้Ÿณใฏใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใ€ใ€‚
05:46
Yes. Interesting pronunciation again here. It ends in '-age',
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚้ข็™ฝใ„็™บ้Ÿณใ€‚ ใ€Œsabotageใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œ-ageใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
05:51
just like 'sabotage', but we don't say 'zjuh', do we?
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ใ€Œzjuhใ€ใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:55
No. In fact, it's '-tage', so we say 'sabotage',
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅฎŸใฏใ€Œ-tageใ€ ใชใฎใงใ€Œใ‚ตใƒœใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ธใƒฅใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™
06:00
but we say 'outage' and... Yes.
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ใŒใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™... ใฏใ„ใ€‚
06:03
It's just the way it is. People...
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ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ•ใซใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ People...
06:04
It is a kind of French pronunciation for 'sabotage',
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‚ตใƒœใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ธใƒฅใ€ใฎไธ€็จฎใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใฎ ็™บ้Ÿณใงใ™
06:08
but a much more English, British English, way of saying 'outage'.
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ใŒใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€ใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
06:13
Yeah. And the clue is in the word 'out', isn't it?
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใฏ ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚
06:16
Yeah, if something's out, it's not available, is it? So,
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ใˆใˆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ๅ‡บใŸใ‚‰ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:19
if the power is 'out' or if there is a 'power outage', there is no power.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้›ปๆบใŒใ€Œๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใ€Œๅœ้›ปใ€ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€้›ปๆบใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:25
Usually something's gone wrong. So, you should have power,
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้€šๅธธใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
06:28
but you haven't got it. Then you have a 'power outage'.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œๅœ้›ปใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:32
Yeah and, as you said there, 'a power outage'. It's a countable noun.
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ใˆใˆใ€ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ“ใง่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œ ๅœ้›ปใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
06:36
Yes, it is. If you're very unlucky,
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซ้‹ใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใจใ€็ŸญๆœŸ้–“
06:38
you will have several 'power outages' during one short period of time.
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ใซๆ•ฐๅ›žใฎใ€Œๅœ้›ปใ€ใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:44
Yeah. Now, as you've said, it's often used with power: 'power outage'.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ใ€Œๅœ้›ปใ€ใจใ„ใ†้›ปๅŠ›ใจใจใ‚‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—
06:48
It can be on its own, though โ€“ just an 'outage'.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็‹ฌใง็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:50
But there are some other expressions that have the same meaning.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคไป–ใฎ่กจ็พใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:53
Well, I mean, there's some other uses...
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ ไป–ใซใ‚‚ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็”จ้€”ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™...
06:55
Oh yeah, we can say 'power cut'. You can... there can be a 'power cut',
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ใใ†ใใ†ใ€ใ€Œๅœ้›ปใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:58
there can be a 'blackout', and both of those have a similar
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ใ€Œๅœ้›ปใ€ใ‚‚ใ€Œๅœ้›ปใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šๅพ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ€Œๅœ้›ปใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œๅœ้›ปใ€ ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†
07:01
meaning to an 'electrical outage' or a 'power outage'.
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ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:06
Yeah. And it's also used for...
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใพใŸ
07:09
not just the electricity, but things that are powered by electricity.
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ใ€้›ปๆฐ—ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ ใ€้›ปๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅ‹•ๅŠ›ๆบใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
07:13
Yeah. I mean, you can have, like, a 'telephone outage':
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ใ€Œ้›ป่ฉฑใฎๅœๆญขใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
07:16
the phone lines can be 'down'. And that's another word we use:
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ใ€้›ป่ฉฑๅ›ž็ทšใŒใ€Œใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:18
to say something's 'down' โ€“ to say it's not available.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ€Œใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ€ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅˆฉ็”จใงใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:21
Or there can be an 'internet outage', when you can't get online:
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใซใชใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใใซใ€Œใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆๅœๆญขใ€ใŒ ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
07:26
that's an 'outage' as well.
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ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:28
Absolutely. OK. Let's get a summary:
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็ตถๅฏพใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€Œๅœ้›ปใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ
07:37
If you would like to hear another story about 'power outages',
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ๅˆฅใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€
07:41
we have one from South Africa. Where can our viewers find it, Catherine?
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ๅ—ใ‚ขใƒ•ใƒชใ‚ซใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ่ฉฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ตใƒชใƒณใ€่ฆ–่ด่€…ใฏใฉใ“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
07:46
All you have to do is the same as every time: just click that link.
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ๆฏŽๅ›žๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€ใใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:50
OK. Let's have a look at your next headline.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:52
OK. So, we are now in the United States with Politico and the headline:
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏไปŠ ใ€Politico ใจ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใง็ฑณๅ›ฝใซใ„
08:05
'Ironclad' โ€“ impossible to change or weaken; completely definite.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ™ใ€‚
08:11
Yes. So, we have one word here: I-R-O-N-C-L-A-D โ€“ 'ironclad'.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚I-R-O-N-C-L-A-D โ€“ 'ironclad' ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:18
It's actually made up of two words. We've got iron: I-R-O-N,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ2ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้‰„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚I-R-O-
08:24
which is the very, very, very strong metal.
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N ใฏ้žๅธธใซ ้žๅธธใซๅผทใ„้‡‘ๅฑžใงใ™ใ€‚
08:28
And then we have the wood 'clad': C-L-A-D โ€“ 'clad'.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆœจใฎใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™: C-L-A-D โ€“ ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€ใ€‚
08:32
And if you're 'clad' in something, you're clothed in it โ€“ it's about
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œ็€ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ - ใใ‚Œใฏ
08:37
clothing โ€“ or you're wrapped in it, or you're surrounded by it,
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่กฃๆœใซใคใ„ใฆ - ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใซๅŒ…ใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใใ‚Œใซ ๅ›ฒใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€
08:41
or covered in it. So, a 'cladding' is a wrapping or a covering.
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ใพใŸใฏใใ‚Œใซ่ฆ†ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ ใฏใƒฉใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใพใŸใฏใ‚ซใƒใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
08:48
OK. So, originally an 'ironclad ship' was a ship, a wooden ship,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚‚ใจใ‚‚ใจใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰ ใ‚ทใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใจใฏใ€้‰„ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใพใŸใฏใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ‚’ๅ‚™ใˆใŸ่ˆนใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๆœจ้€ ใฎ่ˆนใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
08:53
that had an iron coating or covering and it made it really, really strong.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ้žๅธธใซๅผทใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:58
Exactly that. Yeah, if you 'clad something in iron',
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ใพใ•ใซใใ‚Œใ€‚ ใˆใˆใ€ ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้‰„ใง่ฆ†ใ†ใ€ใจใ€
09:02
you make it super, super strong.
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่ถ…ใ€่ถ…ๅผทๅŠ›ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:04
So, the world's first 'ironclad ship' was what, Neil โ€“ the name?
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ใงใฏใ€ไธ–็•Œๅˆใฎใ€Œ้‰„ๅฃใฎ ่ˆนใ€ใฏไฝ•ใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€ๅๅ‰ใฏ?
09:09
I think it's the HMS Warrior โ€“ that's the first British one anyway.
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HMS ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒชใ‚ขใƒผใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ„ใšใ‚Œใซใ›ใ‚ˆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่‹ฑๅ›ฝ่ฃฝใงใ™ใ€‚
09:13
OK. And that was the strongest ship in the entire fleet of ships,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅ…จ่‰ฆ้šŠใฎไธญใงๆœ€ๅผทใฎ่ˆนใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:19
because it was 'ironclad' โ€“ it was super strong.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€ใ ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ โ€“ ใใ‚Œใฏ่ถ…ๅผทๅŠ›ใงใ—ใŸ.
09:21
So, if you make an 'ironclad' promise, let's say, that is a really,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œ้‰„ๅฃใ€ใฎ ็ด„ๆŸใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
09:27
really strong promise that nobody...
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่ชฐใ‚‚ใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†้žๅธธใซๅผทๅŠ›ใช็ด„ๆŸใงใ™... ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅผทๅŠ›ใชใฎใงใ€
09:30
it's not going to be broken because it's super, super strong.
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็ ดใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ .
09:34
Yeah. And we hear this word 'ironclad' with promise,
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใฎ ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็ด„ๆŸใจใจใ‚‚ใซ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™
09:37
but also with guarantee, assurance.
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ใŒใ€ไฟ่จผใ‚‚ไฟ่จผใ‚‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:40
Yes. All of them, yeah.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ™ในใฆใ€ใˆใˆใ€‚
09:41
If you are using it as an adjective for a noun like 'promise',
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ใ€Œ็ด„ๆŸใ€
09:46
or 'guarantee', or 'assurance', it means it's a super,
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ใ€ใ€Œไฟ่จผใ€ใ€ใ€Œไฟ่จผใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ่ฉžใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ่ถ…ใ€
09:49
super strong promise or guarantee. So, I will give you โ€“ I know,
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่ถ…ๅผทๅŠ›ใช็ด„ๆŸใพใŸใฏไฟ่จผใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ โ€“ ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€
09:53
Neil, I'm sometimes late for our meetings and I do apologise,
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ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€็งใฏๆ™‚ใ€…็งใŸใกใฎ ไผš่ญฐใซ้…ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏ่ฌ็ฝช
09:57
but I am now publicly giving you an 'ironclad' promise that I will never
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10:04
be late for a meeting with you for the rest of my life. How about that?
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ใ— ใพใ™. ็งใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎไบบ็”Ÿใ€‚ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ๏ผŸ
10:10
Brilliant. Is that a 'cast-iron' guarantee?
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ้‹ณ้‰„ใ€ใฎไฟ่จผใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:13
It's a 'cast-iron' guarantee, yes.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ้‹ณ้‰„ใ€ใฎไฟ่จผใงใ™ใ€‚
10:16
Another way of saying it. OK. Let's get a summary:
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ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
10:27
Time now then for a recap of our vocabulary, please, Catherine.
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ใ€‚ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ตใƒชใƒณใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใฎ่ฆ็ด„ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:31
Yes. We had: 'sabotage' โ€“ deliberate destruction of something to prevent
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒœใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ธใƒฅใ€ โ€“ ็ซถๅˆไป–็คพใฎๆˆๅŠŸ ใ‚’ๅฆจใ’ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•…ๆ„ใซ็ ดๅฃŠใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
10:36
a competitor's success. We had: 'outage' โ€“ period when a service,
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€ โ€“ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚น (
10:42
often electrical, is not working.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€้›ปๆฐ—) ใŒๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๆœŸ้–“ใ€‚
10:44
And 'ironclad' โ€“ impossible to change or weaken; completely definite.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€ โ€“ ๅค‰โ€‹โ€‹ใˆใŸใ‚Šๅผฑใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไธๅฏ่ƒฝ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชžๅฝ™ๅŠ›
10:51
If you'd like to test yourself on the vocabulary,
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ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ– ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ bbclearningenglish.com
10:54
there's a quiz you can find on our website: bbclearningenglish.com.
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ใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:58
And of course we are all over social media.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฎใ„ใŸใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:02
Take care of yourselves and goodbye. Goodbye.
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ไฝ“ใซๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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