What decides our taste? โฒ๏ธ 6 Minute English

187,655 views ใƒป 2024-10-03

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:07
Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ BBC Learning English ใฎ 6 Minute English ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:10
I'm Phil. And I'm Beth.
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็งใฏใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใƒ™ใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:12
Now, let's talk about food.
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ใ•ใฆใ€้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:15
OK. What food do you love?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ‚“ใช้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:18
What food do you hate?
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ๅซŒใ„ใช้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
00:19
If you ask around, you'll soon see there's no right or wrong answer.
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ๅ‘จๅ›ฒใซๅฐ‹ใญใฆใฟใ‚Œใฐใ€ ๆญฃ่งฃใ‚‚ไธๆญฃ่งฃใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ™ใใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:23
It's all a question of taste.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆๅฅฝใฟใฎๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
00:26
But our taste, it turns out, isn't simply a matter of opinion.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฎๅฅฝใฟใฏ ๅ˜ใซๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎๅ•้กŒใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:30
Rather, scientists have discovered that taste
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ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚ใ€็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใŸใกใฏ ๅ‘ณ่ฆšใŒ
00:33
is influenced by our genes and DNA.
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็งใŸใกใฎ้บไผๅญใจ DNA ใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็™บ่ฆ‹ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:37
So, in this programme, we'll be asking, what is taste?
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ใใ“ใงใ“ใฎ็•ช็ต„ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ ๅ‘ณ่ฆšใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:41
Why can't we agree on it?
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ใชใœใใ‚ŒใซๅŒๆ„ใงใใชใ„ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
00:42
And is it worth listening to experts whose job
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ใใ—ใฆใ€
00:45
is to tell us what to eat and drink?
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็งใŸใกใซ ไฝ•ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ในใใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ‚‰ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไป•ไบ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใซ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใ‚‹ไพกๅ€คใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
00:48
And as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.
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ใใ—ใฆใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพฟๅˆฉใชๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚‚ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
00:53
Great. But first, I have a question for you, Beth.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ€ ใƒ™ใ‚นใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:57
A good way of finding out about British tastes
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใฎๅฅฝใฟใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€
01:00
is with the nation's best-loved snack, crisps.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใง ๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆ„›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚นใƒŠใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒ—ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:04
So, what is the most popular flavour of crisps in the UK?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ไบบๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ ใƒใƒ†ใƒˆใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚นใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใƒใƒผใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
01:09
Is it: a) salt and vinegar?
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ใใ‚Œใฏ: a) ๅกฉใจ้…ขใงใ™ใ‹?
01:12
b) cheese and onion? or c) prawn cocktail?
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b) ใƒใƒผใ‚บใจ็Ž‰ใญใŽใฏ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏ c) ใ‚จใƒ“ใฎใ‚ซใ‚ฏใƒ†ใƒซ?
01:18
I'm going to guess cheese and onion.
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ใƒใƒผใ‚บใจ็Ž‰ใญใŽใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:20
OK, Beth, I'll reveal the answer later in the programme.
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OKใ€ใƒ™ใ‚นใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏ ็•ช็ต„ใฎๅพŒๅŠใงๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‘ณ่ฆšใฎไป•็ต„ใฟ
01:24
Science's understanding of how taste works started only 25 years ago
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ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹็ง‘ๅญฆใฎ็†่งฃใฏใ€ ใ‚ใšใ‹ 25 ๅนดๅ‰ใซใ€
01:30
with the discovery of taste receptors,
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01:33
cells located in the taste buds on your tongue.
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่ˆŒใฎๅ‘ณ่•พใซใ‚ใ‚‹็ดฐ่ƒžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‘ณ่ฆšๅ—ๅฎนไฝ“ใฎ็™บ่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:36
But people's taste is unique to them.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไบบใฎๅ‘ณ่ฆšใฏใใฎไบบใซใ—ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:39
What tastes sweet to me might taste sour or salty to someone else,
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็งใซใจใฃใฆ็”˜ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€ ไป–ใฎไบบใซใจใฃใฆใฏ้…ธใฃใฑใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅกฉ่พ›ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:43
and this is because of differences in the receptors we're born with.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็งใŸใกใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ—ๅฎนไฝ“ใฎ้•ใ„ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:47
In other words, taste is partly genetic.
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่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚Œใฐใ€ ๅ‘ณ่ฆšใฏ้ƒจๅˆ†็š„ใซ้บไผ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:50
Here's Danielle Reid, researcher at the Monell Chemical Senses Center
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒฉใƒ‡ใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฎใƒขใƒใƒซๅŒ–ๅญฆๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใฎ็ ”็ฉถ่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ€ใƒ‹ใ‚จใƒซใƒปใƒชใƒผใƒ‰ใŒใ€
01:55
in Philadelphia, explaining more to BBC World Service programme,
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BBC ใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚น ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ 
01:59
'The Food Chain'.
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ใ€Œใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ ใƒใ‚งใƒผใƒณใ€ใง่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:00
When we first started doing genetic studies,
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็งใŸใกใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซ้บไผๅญ็ ”็ฉถใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใจใ ใ€
02:03
we really just confined ourselves to looking at a few Europeans, people
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็งใŸใกใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ๆ•ฐไบบใฎใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ไบบใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ใฎ็ฅ–ๅ…ˆใ‚’ๆŒใคไบบใ€…ใ‚’่ชฟในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้™ๅฎšใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
02:09
of European ancestry.
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ใ€‚
02:11
And so our understanding of the broad diversity of humans
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅœฐ็ƒไธŠใฎ ไบบ้–“ใฎๅน…ๅบƒใ„ๅคšๆง˜ๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็งใŸใกใฎ็†่งฃใฏ
02:15
on the planet was extremely limited.
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้žๅธธใซ้™ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:19
We are broadening our horizons and studying people of Asian
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็งใŸใกใฏ่ฆ–้‡Žใ‚’ๅบƒใ’ ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚„ใ‚ขใƒ•ใƒชใ‚ซใฎ็ฅ–ๅ…ˆใ‚’ๆŒใคไบบใ€…ใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
02:23
and African ancestry, and that has really opened up
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ใ€‚ ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€
02:28
the knowledge that people are much more diverse than we ever realised.
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ไบบใ€…ใฏ็งใŸใกใŒ ใ“ใ‚Œใพใง่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅคšๆง˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅบƒใŒใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:34
And what you're saying is, no, taste isn't a matter of opinion.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅ‘ณใฏๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎๅ•้กŒใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:37
It's a matter of biology.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅญฆใฎๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
02:39
Exactly. And we wouldn't, you know,
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ใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€
02:42
for our friends who are colour-blind, we wouldn't chastise them
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่‰ฒ็›ฒใฎๅ‹ไบบใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€
02:45
for not being able to see red or for dressing in colours we don't appreciate.
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่ตคใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚„ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„่‰ฒใฎๆœใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ž้›ฃใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:50
But we feel very free to criticise our friends' sense of taste.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅ‹ไบบใฎๅ‘ณ่ฆšใ‚’้žๅธธใซ่‡ช็”ฑใซๆ‰นๅˆคใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:54
It was only when scientists looked outside Europe to the rest
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็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใŸใกใŒใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ไปฅๅค–ใฎไธ–็•Œใซ็›ฎใ‚’ๅ‘ใ‘ใฆๅˆใ‚ใฆใ€
02:58
of the world that they realised the diversity of human taste.
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ไบบ้–“ใฎๅ‘ณ่ฆšใฎๅคšๆง˜ๆ€งใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:03
Danielle says they broadened their horizons.
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ใƒ€ใƒ‹ใ‚จใƒซใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใฎ่ฆ–้‡Žใ‚’ๅบƒใ’ใŸใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:06
They investigated something in a new way to increase their knowledge
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใจ็†่งฃใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฟๆŸปใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
03:11
and understanding of it.
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ใ€‚
03:12
Danielle compares taste to another genetically controlled condition -
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ใƒ€ใƒ‹ใ‚จใƒซใฏๅ‘ณ่ฆšใ‚’ใ€่‰ฒ่ฆš็•ฐๅธธใ€ใพใŸใฏ็ท‘ใจ่ตคใชใฉใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ่‰ฒใฎ้•ใ„ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ€ ้บไผ็š„ใซๅˆถๅพกใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅˆฅใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™
03:17
being colour-blind or unable to see the difference between certain colours
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03:21
like green and red.
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ใ€‚ ่‰ฒ็›ฒใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†็”ฑใซ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’
03:23
You wouldn't chastise, criticise, or punish someone for being colour-blind,
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ๆ‡ฒใ‚‰ใ—ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ‰นๅˆคใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ็ฝฐใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:29
so why criticise someone's taste?
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ใงใฏใ€ใชใœไบบใฎๅฅฝใฟใ‚’ๆ‰นๅˆคใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:32
But, if scientists are telling us taste is largely genetic,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๅ‘ณ่ฆšใฏไธปใซ้บไผใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจ็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€
03:36
what about restaurant critics and wine connoisseurs?
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ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณ่ฉ•่ซ–ๅฎถ ใ‚„ใƒฏใ‚คใƒณๆ„›ๅฅฝๅฎถใฏใฉใ†ใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ไฝ•ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ในใใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚€ในใใ‹ใ‚’
03:39
People whose job it is to tell us what to eat and drink.
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็งใŸใกใซๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใŒไป•ไบ‹ใฎไบบใŸใก ใ€‚
03:43
Are their opinions any better than our own?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใฏ ็งใŸใกใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:46
Here's David Kermode, wine judge for the International Wine
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ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏ ๅ›ฝ้š›ใƒฏใ‚คใƒณ
03:50
and Spirits competition,
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ใƒปใ‚ขใƒณใƒ‰ใƒปใ‚นใƒ”ใƒชใƒƒใƒ„ใƒปใ‚ณใƒณใƒšใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎใƒฏใ‚คใƒณๅฏฉๆŸปๅ“กใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ‡ใƒ“ใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒปใ‚ซใƒผใƒขใƒผใƒ‰ๆฐใŒใ€
03:52
speaking with Ruth Alexander for BBC World Service's
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BBCใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใƒปใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใฎ
03:55
'The Food Chain'.
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ใ€Œใ‚ถใƒปใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใƒปใƒใ‚งใƒผใƒณใ€ใงใƒซใƒผใ‚นใƒปใ‚ขใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ตใƒณใƒ€ใƒผๆฐใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:57
Scientists have established that taste is individual,
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็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใŸใกใฏใ€ ๅ‘ณ่ฆšใฏๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Š
04:01
and to a large extent actually genetic.
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ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒ ้บไผ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จผๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:04
So I wonder, does that render the wine competition a pointless exercise?
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ใใ‚Œใง็งใฏ็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใ†ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฏใƒผใƒซใ‚’็„กๆ„ๅ‘ณใช้‹ๅ‹•ใซใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
04:10
No, I mean, I would say that, wouldn't I?
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ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใใ†่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:12
But of course, individual taste is subjective.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ๅ€‹ไบบใฎๅฅฝใฟใฏไธป่ฆณ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
04:16
We all have our own personal prejudices in whatever sphere
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็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ใ€ไบบ็”Ÿใฎ ใฉใฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸใซ
04:20
of life you want to go into.
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้€ฒใฟใŸใ„ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎๅ่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:23
But we are encouraged,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ†ใ—ใŸๅ่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆจใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ๅฅจๅŠฑใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€
04:25
I mean ordered almost, to park those prejudices.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‹ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅ‘ฝไปคใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
04:29
Since people's tastes are naturally different,
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ไบบใฎๅฅฝใฟใฏ ๅฝ“็„ถ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
04:31
Ruth asks if wine competitions are pointless without purpose and
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ใƒซใƒผใ‚นใฏ็›ฎ็š„ใฎใชใ„ใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฏใƒผใƒซใฏ ็„กๆ„ๅ‘ณใง
04:37
a waste of time.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ็„ก้ง„ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใจๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚
04:38
Being a wine judge, David, of course, disagrees, using the phrase
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ใƒฏใ‚คใƒณๅฏฉๆŸปๅ“กใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ‡ใƒดใ‚ฃใƒƒใƒ‰ใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
04:43
'but I would say that, wouldn't I?'
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ใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใ€็งใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใใ†่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซๅๅฏพใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:45
This phrase means something like,
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ใ“ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏ
04:47
'of course I would say that'.
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใใ†่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
04:49
It implies there's some reason
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
04:51
that what the speaker is saying is obviously biased towards them.
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็™บ่จ€่€…ใฎ็™บ่จ€ใŒ ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใซๅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆš—็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:54
David admits that taste is subjective - based on personal opinions
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ใƒ‡ใƒ“ใƒƒใƒ‰ใฏใ€ๅ‘ณใฏไธป่ฆณ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™
04:59
and feelings rather than on facts.
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ใ€‚
05:01
And I think it's time to reveal the answer to your question, Phil.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใŒๆฅใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:05
Right. I asked for Britain's most popular flavor of crisp,
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ๅณใ€‚ ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใง ไธ€็•ชใƒใƒ”ใƒฅใƒฉใƒผใชๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒ—ใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
05:09
and you said cheese and onion, which was the correct answer.
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ใƒใƒผใ‚บใจใ‚ชใƒ‹ใ‚ชใƒณใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ ๆญฃ่งฃใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:14
OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned in this program,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงๅญฆใ‚“ใ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:18
starting with the phrase 'to broaden', or 'expand your horizons',
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ใ€Œๅบƒใ’ใ‚‹ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ่ฆ–้‡Žใ‚’ๅบƒใ’ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ
05:23
meaning 'to explore something in a new way which increases your knowledge
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŽขๆฑ‚ใ—ใ€
05:27
and understanding of it'.
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใจ็†่งฃใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:29
'To chastise' means to strongly punish or criticise.
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ใ€Œๆ‡ฒใ‚‰ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅผทใ็ฝฐใ—ใŸใ‚Š ใ€้ž้›ฃใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:34
A colour-blind person is unable to distinguish certain colours,
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่‰ฒ็›ฒใฎไบบใฏใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎ่‰ฒใ€
05:38
especially greens and reds.
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็‰นใซ็ท‘ใจ่ตคใ‚’ๅŒบๅˆฅใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:40
Something which is pointless, has no purpose or meaning,
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ ็›ฎ็š„ใ‚„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ€
05:44
and is a waste of time.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ็„ก้ง„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
05:46
The phrase 'I would say that, wouldn't I?',
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏใ€
05:49
is a tag question,
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05:51
meaning, 'of course I would say that'.
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“็งใฏใใ†่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ฟใ‚ฐ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:53
And finally, if something is subjective, it's influenced by personal beliefs
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไธป่ฆณ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใซๅŸบใฅใใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชไฟกๅฟตใ‚„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
05:58
or feelings rather than based on facts.
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ใ€‚
06:01
Once again, our six minutes are up.
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ใพใŸใ—ใฆใ‚‚ 6 ๅˆ†ใŒ็ตŒ้Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:03
Goodbye for now. Bye.
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ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใˆใšใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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