Grammar: 'Mistakes' native English speakers make - BBC English Masterclass

59,184 views ใƒป 2016-09-12

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:09
Hi guys. Dan for BBC Learning English here. In this Masterclass we'll be taking a look
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚ BBCใƒฉใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใฎใƒ€ใƒณใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใงใฏ
00:13
at 'mistakes' that native speakers commonly make. Are you ready? Here we go.
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ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใ‚ˆใ็Šฏใ™ใ€Œ้–“้•ใ„ใ€ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚
00:20
Behold native speakers in their natural environment. Observe how they interact verbally - filled
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่‡ช็„ถ็’ฐๅขƒใซใ„ใ‚‹ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅฃ้ ญใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚„ใ‚Šๅ–ใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆณๅฏŸใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ -
00:29
with deep and meaningful communication. They are social, verbose, articulate and always
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ๆทฑใๆœ‰ๆ„็พฉใชใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซๆบ€ใกใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใฏ็คพไบค็š„ใงใ€ๅ†—้•ทใงใ€ๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
00:35
always ALWAYS 100% grammatically correct. Worship them in all their glory.
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ๅธธใซๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๅธธใซ 100% ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๆ „ๅ…‰ใฎไธญใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅด‡ๆ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:47
Rubbish! Native speakers make mistakes too - not me, I'm fantastic, but everybody else.
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ใ”ใฟ๏ผ ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚‚ ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:53
Now guys, it's important to remember that as we continue that these mistakes are only
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฏ
00:57
mistakes according to the rules of standard English. But the rules of standard English
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ๆจ™ๆบ–่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅพ“ใฃใŸ้–“้•ใ„ใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆจ™ๆบ–่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใงใฏ
01:01
don't allow for regional variation, changes in formality and personal preference, which
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ใ€ๅœฐๅŸŸใฎ้•ใ„ใ€ๅฝขๅผใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใ€ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชๅฅฝใฟใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใฏ่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
01:06
is of course very important. So please bear this in mind as we continue. Are you ready?
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ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟต้ ญใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆ็ถš่กŒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
01:11
Number 1
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No.1
01:16
A: John, how was the test? Have you finished? B: Yeah! I done it!
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A: ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฏใฉใ†ใ ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ B: ใ†ใ‚“๏ผ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ๏ผ
01:20
Stop stop stop stop stop! I can't tell you the number of times I've heard this. In this case a person
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—๏ผ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่žใ„ใŸๅ›žๆ•ฐใฏๆ•ฐใˆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไบบ
01:25
has used a past participle either as a past simple verb like 'I did it' or they've forgotten
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ใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ 'I did it' ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ
01:31
to include 'have' to make the present perfect. 'I have done it'. If the action is completed
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ 'have' ใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚ ่กŒๅ‹•ใŒๅฎŒไบ†
01:36
and in the past they should use the past simple 'I did it', and if the action is completed
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ใ—ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏๅ˜็ด”ใช 'I did it' ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€่กŒๅ‹•ใŒ
01:40
in the past and but is still important in the conversation now, they should use 'I have done it'.
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้ŽๅŽปใซๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใŒใ€ไปŠใงใ‚‚ไผš่ฉฑใง้‡่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€'I have done it' ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:47
No!
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ใ„ใ„ใˆ๏ผ
01:54
A: How was the test? Have you finished?
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A: ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฏใฉใ†ใ ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:57
B: Yeah! I have done it!
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B: ใ†ใ‚“๏ผ ใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ๏ผ
02:03
So, it's quite common to hear people say 'Me
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใ€Œ็งใจใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏๅบ—ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™
02:06
and John went to the shops'. But technically this is wrong. 'Me' is an object pronoun,
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใ€ใฏ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใฎไปฃๅ่ฉžใงใ™
02:11
but in the sentence 'me and John went to the shops', 'me' and 'John' are subjects. That
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ใŒใ€ใ€Œ็งใจใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏๅบ—ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใงใฏ ใ€ใ€Œ็งใ€ใจใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใŒไธป่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:16
means that 'me' should be 'I'. Secondly, in English it's considered impolite to put yourself
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็งใ€ใฏใ€Œ็งใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏไป–ไบบใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅ„ชๅ…ˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅคฑ็คผใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹
02:22
before somebody else, so they should switch the pronouns around. Not 'I and John' but
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ใฎใง ใ€ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใจใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใงใฏใชใ
02:28
'John and I'. Got it? No!
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใจ็งใ€ใ€‚ ใจใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใˆ๏ผ
02:47
A: Ok, we've got the shopping - is there anything
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A: ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ - ไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Š
02:49
else? B: Yes, I need to quickly stop at the bank.
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ใพใ™ใ‹? B: ใฏใ„ใ€ใ™ใใซ้Š€่กŒใซ็ซ‹ใกๅฏ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:53
So a full infinitive is a construction of 'to + a verb'. Many would argue that 'to'
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชไธๅฎš่ฉžใฏ ใ€Œto + a verbใ€ใฎๆง‹ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎไบบใฏใ€'to'
03:00
and the verb should never be separated and this usually happens when an adverb intrudes.
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ใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆๅˆ†้›ขใ™ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใจไธปๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใŒไพตๅ…ฅใ—ใŸใจใใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:04
For example, 'I wanted to violently punch him in the head!' What we should do is move
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฎ้ ญใ‚’ๆฟ€ใ—ใๆฎดใ‚ŠใŸใ‹ใฃใŸ ๏ผใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒใ™ในใใ“ใจใฏ
03:10
the adverb to the position after the verb or the position before. So, in this sentence
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ใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒ ใฎไฝ็ฝฎใพใŸใฏๅ‰ใฎไฝ็ฝฎใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡
03:15
'I need to quickly stop at the bank' we should say 'I quickly need to stop at the bank' or
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'I need to immediately stop at the bank' ใงใฏใ€
03:20
'I need to stop at the bank quickly'. Got it? No!
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'I need to stop to the bank' ใพใŸใฏ 'I need to stop at the bank immediately' ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฃ ใŸ๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใˆ๏ผ
03:33
Remember guys, that spoken communication is usually more informal and more relaxed than
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ๅฃ้ ญใงใฎใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏ ้€šๅธธใ€ๆ›ธ้ขใงใฎใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใงใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Š
03:37
written communication and it's more important to be clearly understood than to stick to
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ใ€ๅŽณๅฏ†ใชๆ–‡ๆณ•่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๅ›บๅŸทใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
03:42
rigid grammar rules. Go out there and do your best, that's the most important thing and
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. ๅค–ใซๅ‡บใฆ ใƒ™ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅฐฝใใ™ใ“ใจใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Š
03:47
remember that no one, but no one is perfect - except me! See you next time.
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ใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ๅฎŒ็’งใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ - ็งใ‚’้™คใ„ใฆ! ใพใŸใญใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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