Grammar: 'Mistakes' native English speakers make - BBC English Masterclass

58,510 views ใƒป 2016-09-12

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:09
Hi guys. Dan for BBC Learning English here. In this Masterclass we'll be taking a look
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. BBC Learning English์˜ Dan์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํด๋ž˜์Šค์—์„œ๋Š”
00:13
at 'mistakes' that native speakers commonly make. Are you ready? Here we go.
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ํ”ํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” '์‹ค์ˆ˜'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
Behold native speakers in their natural environment. Observe how they interact verbally - filled
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์„ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊นŠ๊ณ  ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐฌ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
00:29
with deep and meaningful communication. They are social, verbose, articulate and always
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์žฅํ™ฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•ญ์ƒ
00:35
always ALWAYS 100% grammatically correct. Worship them in all their glory.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•ญ์ƒ 100% ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜๊ด‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฝ๋ฐฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
00:47
Rubbish! Native speakers make mistakes too - not me, I'm fantastic, but everybody else.
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์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ! ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค๋„ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
Now guys, it's important to remember that as we continue that these mistakes are only
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š”
00:57
mistakes according to the rules of standard English. But the rules of standard English
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ํ‘œ์ค€ ์˜์–ด ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์€
01:01
don't allow for regional variation, changes in formality and personal preference, which
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์ง€์—ญ์  ์ฐจ์ด, ๊ฒฉ์‹์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š”
01:06
is of course very important. So please bear this in mind as we continue. Are you ready?
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด ์ ์„ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
01:11
Number 1
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1๋ฒˆ
01:16
A: John, how was the test? Have you finished? B: Yeah! I done it!
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A: John, ์‹œํ—˜ ์–ด๋• ์–ด? ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด? ๋‚จ: ๊ทธ๋ž˜! ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์–ด!
01:20
Stop stop stop stop stop! I can't tell you the number of times I've heard this. In this case a person
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๊ทธ๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋งŒ! ์ด ๋ง์„ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
01:25
has used a past participle either as a past simple verb like 'I did it' or they've forgotten
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'I did it'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:31
to include 'have' to make the present perfect. 'I have done it'. If the action is completed
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'have'๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์–ด'. ๋™์ž‘์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜๊ณ 
01:36
and in the past they should use the past simple 'I did it', and if the action is completed
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์™„๋ฃŒํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋‹จ์ˆœ 'I did it'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋™์ž‘์ด
01:40
in the past and but is still important in the conversation now, they should use 'I have done it'.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'I have done it'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
No!
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”!
01:54
A: How was the test? Have you finished?
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๊ฐ€: ์‹œํ—˜ ์–ด๋• ์–ด? ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด?
01:57
B: Yeah! I have done it!
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๋‚จ: ๊ทธ๋ž˜! ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์–ด!
02:03
So, it's quite common to hear people say 'Me
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด '๋‚˜์™€
02:06
and John went to the shops'. But technically this is wrong. 'Me' is an object pronoun,
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John์ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฝค ํ”ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋‚˜'๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ
02:11
but in the sentence 'me and John went to the shops', 'me' and 'John' are subjects. That
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ '๋‚˜์™€ ์กด์ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” '๋‚˜'์™€ '์กด'์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ด๋‹ค.
02:16
means that 'me' should be 'I'. Secondly, in English it's considered impolite to put yourself
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์ฆ‰, '๋‚˜'๋Š” '๋‚˜'์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์•ž์— ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
02:22
before somebody else, so they should switch the pronouns around. Not 'I and John' but
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๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . '๋‚˜์™€ ์กด'์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:28
'John and I'. Got it? No!
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'์กด๊ณผ ๋‚˜'. ์•Œ์•˜์–ด์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”!
02:47
A: Ok, we've got the shopping - is there anything
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A: ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‡ผํ•‘์€ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
else? B: Yes, I need to quickly stop at the bank.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑด ์—†๋‚˜์š”? B: ๋„ค, ์€ํ–‰์— ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋“ค๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
02:53
So a full infinitive is a construction of 'to + a verb'. Many would argue that 'to'
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์™„์ „ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” 'to + a ๋™์‚ฌ'์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ 'to'
03:00
and the verb should never be separated and this usually happens when an adverb intrudes.
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์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์นจ์ž…ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
For example, 'I wanted to violently punch him in the head!' What we should do is move
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, '๊ทธ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ธ๊ฒŒ ๋•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์–ด์š” !' ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€
03:10
the adverb to the position after the verb or the position before. So, in this sentence
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค ๋˜๋Š” ์•ž ์œ„์น˜๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
03:15
'I need to quickly stop at the bank' we should say 'I quickly need to stop at the bank' or
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'I need to stop at the bank'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ 'I need to stop at the bank' ๋˜๋Š”
03:20
'I need to stop at the bank quickly'. Got it? No!
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'I need to stop at the bank ๋นจ๋ฆฌ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•˜์–ด์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”!
03:33
Remember guys, that spoken communication is usually more informal and more relaxed than
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๊ตฌ๋‘ ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋ฉด ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๊ณ  ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™์„
03:37
written communication and it's more important to be clearly understood than to stick to
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๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
03:42
rigid grammar rules. Go out there and do your best, that's the most important thing and
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. ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
remember that no one, but no one is perfect - except me! See you next time.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ์š”! ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ณด์ž.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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