Lie & Lay | Rise & Raise | British English Vs American English | Grammar & Vocabulary Lesson

22,151 views ใƒป 2022-07-29

Anglo-Link


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Is it: I lie on my bed? Or:ย I lay on my bed?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€: ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์นจ๋Œ€์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋˜๋Š”: ์นจ๋Œ€์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:05
Do we say:ย Prices have risen or prices have raised?
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:10
Helloย and welcome everyone, this is Minoo at Anglo-Link.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Anglo-Link์˜ Minoo์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
It's easy to confuse 'lie' and 'lay' and 'rise'ย and 'raise'.
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'๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง'๊ณผ '๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋‹ค', '์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค'์™€ '๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
Especially because they're usedย differently in British and American English.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
So, in this lesson we're going to review theseย verbs and make sure that you have no confusionย in how to use them correctly.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ˜ผ๋ž€์ด ์—†๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
Before we start,ย a quick reminder that focused listening activitiesย are a great way to improve your speaking skills.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์ธ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž„์„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ช… ์ƒ์ž์˜ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ
00:41
You can learn more about this in my guide,ย  which you can download using the link in theย description box.
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ์—์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:49
So, now let's look at these fourย confusing verbs starting with.... 'lie' and 'lay'.
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์ด์ œ .... '๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง'๊ณผ '๋†“๋‹ค'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
What sounds right to you: I lieย on my bed or I lay on my bed?
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์นจ๋Œ€์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์นจ๋Œ€์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:03
Well actually, they're both correct!
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
01:06
In Britishย English we say: I lie on my bed.
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋กœ๋Š” I lie on my bed๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
Whereas,ย in American English we say: I lay on my bed.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” I lay on my bed๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
So,ย let's look at the verb 'lie' in British English,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋กœ '๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
01:18
and figure out what the Past tense and theย Past Participle are.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:22
For example: Yesterdayย ย I ..... on my bed. What's the Past Simple form.
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์˜ˆ: ์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ..... ๋‚ด ์นจ๋Œ€์—. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜•์‹์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:28
And, the Past Participle in a sentence like: Iย ย haven't ..... in the sun for the past five years.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ: I n't ..... in the sun for the last five years.
01:35
Let's see if you can fill in these two blanks.
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์ด ๋‘ ๋นˆ์นธ์„ ์ฑ„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:41
Let's look at the answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
Yesterday, I layย on my bed.
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์–ด์ œ๋Š” ์นจ๋Œ€์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
And, I haven't lain in the sunย for the past five years.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ–‡๋ณ•์— ๋ˆ•์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
So, It's lie, layย (past simple), and lain (past participle).
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง, ๋ˆ„์›Œ(๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•), lain(๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
So, how about American English?ย  What are the Past Simple and Pastย Participle forms in American English?ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”? ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ํ˜•์‹์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:06
Look at the two sentences again:
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๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค:
02:07
Yesterday I ..... on my bed. And I haven'tย ..... in the sun for the past five years.
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์–ด์ œ I ..... on my bed. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ..... ํƒœ์–‘ ์•„๋ž˜์„œ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
And the answers are laid and laid.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
Yesterday Iย laid on my bed.
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์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์นจ๋Œ€์— ๋ˆ„์› ๋‹ค.
02:25
And: I haven't laid in the sun for the past five years.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ : ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ–‡๋ณ•์— ๋ˆ•์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
So, we have lay,ย laid, laid.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ•๊ณ , ๋ˆ•๊ณ , ๋ˆ•์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
So, 'lie' in British English,ย and 'lay' in American English are intransitiveย verbs.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์˜ '๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง'๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์˜ '๋ ˆ์ด'๋Š” ์ž๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
We don't need an object after them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋’ค์— ๊ฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
I lie or I lay on my bed.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„์›Œ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์นจ๋Œ€์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
But there's also aย transitive version of this verb.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ ๋ฒ„์ „๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
For example,ย ย if you want to put your clothes on your bed, whatย should we say now?
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ท์„ ์นจ๋Œ€ ์œ„์— ๋†“๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
02:55
I ..... my clothes on the bed.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ..... ์นจ๋Œ€ ์œ„์˜ ๋‚ด ์˜ท.
03:02
And the answer is again the verb 'lay'. I lay myย clothes on my bed,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋™์‚ฌ 'lay'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
both in British and in Americanย English.
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ์˜ท์„ ์นจ๋Œ€์— ๋ˆ•ํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
And the Past and Past Participle formsย are the same: lay, laid, laid.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜•์€ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
Other examples:
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ:
03:19
Our hen laid five eggs yesterday. Or: I've laidย the table.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•”ํƒ‰์€ ์–ด์ œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”: ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
And coming back to 'lie', don't forgetย that the verb 'to lie' has a second meaning,
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'๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง'๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ '๊ฑฐ์ง“๋งํ•˜๋‹ค '๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ
03:31
whichย is say something that's not true.
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์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
03:34
For example:ย He always lies about his age.
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์˜ˆ: ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‚˜์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
And the Past tenseย and Past Participle are regular: lie, lied, lied.ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง, ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง, ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง.
03:46
Right! That's all for the verbs 'lie' andย 'lay'.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ! ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ '๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง'๊ณผ '๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋‹ค'์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
Let's have a look now at the verbs 'rise'ย and 'raise'.
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ '์ƒ์Šน'๊ณผ '์ƒ์Šน'์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
To rise is to go up. So, in bothย British and American English, it's an intransitiveย verb.
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์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
For example: His salary rises once a year.
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์˜ˆ: ๊ทธ์˜ ์›”๊ธ‰์€ 1๋…„์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ธ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
So, let's see what the Past Simple and Pastย Participle forms are.
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์ž, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜•์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:13
For example: His salaryย ..... last year.
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์˜ˆ: ๊ทธ์˜ ์›”๊ธ‰ ..... ์ž‘๋…„.
04:17
Or: His salary has just .....
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๋˜๋Š”: ๊ทธ์˜ ์›”๊ธ‰์€
04:23
The answers are 'rose' and 'risen'.
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..... ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ '์žฅ๋ฏธ'์™€ '์ƒ์Šน'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
His salaryย rose last year. And: His salary has just risen.
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๊ทธ์˜ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„์— ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ : ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
So, we have rise, rose, risen.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์Šน, ์ƒ์Šน, ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
And theย transitive version of this verb is 'raise'.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'ํ‚ค์šฐ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
They raise his salary once a year.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 1๋…„์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊ทธ์˜ ์›”๊ธ‰์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
So, whatย are the Past Simple and Past Participle forms?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
04:52
And the answer for both forms is 'raised'.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ '์ œ๊ธฐ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
Theyย raised his salary last year.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘๋…„์— ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
And: They've justย raised his salary.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ : ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊ทธ์˜ ์›”๊ธ‰์„ ์ธ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
So, it's aย regular verb: raise, raised, raised.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ƒ, ์ œ๊ธฐ, ์ œ๊ธฐ.
05:07
And I'd like to end with just one other point,ย  which is about 'rise' and 'raise' as nouns.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ '์ƒ์Šน'๊ณผ '์ƒ์Šน'์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
In British English we say: He's got to payย rise.
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋กœ๋Š” He's got to pay rise๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
But, in American English they say:ย He's got a pay raise.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Right! That'sย the end of this lesson.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ! ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
For lessons andย exercises on all topics, please visit my website
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—… ๋ฐ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ์ œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ
05:33
Anglo-Link.com.
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Anglo-Link.com์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:35
And remember to subscribeย  and allow notifications to know when my nextย lesson is available.
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๊ตฌ๋… ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
05:41
Thanks a lot for watching,ย  and I'll see you very soon inย my next lesson.
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ณง ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
Goodbye for now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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