Learn English Listening Skills - How to understand native English speakers

10,997,302 views

2011-11-13 ใƒป Anglo-Link


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Learn English Listening Skills - How to understand native English speakers

10,997,302 views ใƒป 2011-11-13

Anglo-Link


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:10
Hello and welcome everyone. This is Minoo at Anglo-Link.
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ใฟใชใ•ใ‚“ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒณใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใฎ็ฎ•้ขใงใ™ใ€‚
00:14
Today's video is all about listening comprehension.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฏใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:17
I have some interesting tips for you. This is particularly for those of you
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่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็‰นใซใ€
00:23
who still find it a little hard to understand native speakers
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
00:27
or watching television in English
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Šใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง
00:29
or listen to the radio in English.
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ใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ชใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใพใ ๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบๅ‘ใ‘ใงใ™.
00:32
I'll be telling you about some specific aspects of the English sound system
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใงใซใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅด้ขใจใ€
00:37
and some speech patterns that native speakers use
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผ
00:41
that can make listening in English
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ใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใใค
00:44
a little bit of a challenge
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00:46
by the end of this video,
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00:48
you will have a really good understanding of where the difficulties that you might be facing come from
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ใ‹ใฎ็™บ่ฉฑใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็›ด้ขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใŒใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใฆ
00:54
and what you can do to overcome them
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ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ…‹ๆœใ—
00:57
and really improve your listening comprehension.
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ใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใ‹.
01:00
So, when you're ready, lets begin!
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:05
Right!
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ๅณ๏ผ
01:06
Today I'd like to share
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ
01:07
3 keys with you
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01:09
that will really improve your listening comprehension of native speakers.
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ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅคงๅน…ใซๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ 3 ใคใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:14
Let's look at what these 3 keys are.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰3ใคใฎใ‚ญใƒผใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:17
the first thing is to understand is what makes native speakers hard to understand.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใฏใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ็†่งฃใ—ใซใใ„็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
01:24
The second key is improving your own pronunciation.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ตใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:29
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01:30
And the third key to improving your listening comprehension is
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ 3 ใค็›ฎใฎ้ตใฏ
01:34
learning primarily
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ใ€ไธปใซ
01:35
with your ears
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01:37
rather than your eyes.
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็›ฎใงใฏใชใ่€ณใงๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:40
Okay, lets start with understanding what makes native speakers
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ใงใฏใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ็†่งฃใ—ใซใใ„็†็”ฑใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡
01:44
hard to understand.
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ใ†ใ€‚
01:47
They're two main reasons for this.
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ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใฎไธปใช็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:50
The first one
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ไธ€ใค็›ฎ
01:52
is the great number of vowels and diphthongs in English.
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ใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆฏ้ŸณใจไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎๅคšใ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:56
And some of these are very similar to each other.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏไบ’ใ„ใซ้žๅธธใซไผผใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:01
They're many words where the consonants are exactly the same.
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ๅญ้ŸณใŒใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๅ˜่ชžใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:05
And by changing the vowel sound
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง
02:08
the meaning changes.
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:10
And when these vowel sounds are very similar
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆฏ้ŸณใŒ้žๅธธใซ ไผผ
02:14
and especially if one or the other
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€็‰นใซๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใŒ
02:17
doesn't exist in your own language.
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ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใซๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ.
02:20
This can make it
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ
02:21
quite a challenge
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้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใ
02:22
to understand a native speaker.
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ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:27
Lets look at some examples.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:29
These are called minimal pairs by the way.
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ใกใชใฟใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆœ€ๅฐใƒšใ‚ขใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:32
Same consonants,
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ๅŒใ˜ๅญ้Ÿณใ€
02:34
different vowels.
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็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆฏ้Ÿณใ€‚
02:35
Minimal Pairs.
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ๆœ€ๅฐใƒšใ‚ขใ€‚
02:39
Boat
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ใƒœใƒผใƒˆ
02:40
and Bought. Mad -Mud.
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ใจ่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใƒžใƒƒใƒ‰ - ๆณฅใ€‚
02:47
Hurt
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ใƒใƒผใƒˆ
02:48
Heart
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02:51
Men
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ใƒกใƒณ
02:53
Main
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ใƒกใ‚คใƒณ
02:56
Than
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02:57
Then. Bit - Bet. Live
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆ - ่ณญใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ Live
03:06
Leave
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Leave
03:08
So, notice
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
03:09
the only difference is the vowel
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ใ€ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏๆฏ้Ÿณ
03:11
or the diphthong and
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ใพใŸใฏไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
03:14
they can be very very similar. So, in connected speech they're not easy
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰
03:19
to tell apart.
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ใ‚’ๅŒบๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
03:22
This is the first reason
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€
03:23
why listening to English native speakers can be challenging.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„็†็”ฑใฎ 1 ใค็›ฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:29
Now, lets look at the second reason.
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ๆฌกใซใ€2 ใค็›ฎใฎ็†็”ฑใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:34
The second reason is the way that native speakers shorten
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2 ใค็›ฎใฎ็†็”ฑใฏใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ
03:38
and link sounds.
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้Ÿณใ‚’็Ÿญใใ—ใŸใ‚Šใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:40
Let's give you a quick example. Look at this sentence:
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็ฐกๅ˜ใชไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผš
03:44
How is it going?
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่ชฟๅญใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:46
You would hear from a native speaker:
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏใ€
03:49
'how'zit going?'
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ใ€Œ่ชฟๅญใฏใฉใ†๏ผŸใ€ใจ่žใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:52
There are three specific speech patterns
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ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ 3 ใคใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็™บ่ฉฑใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
03:55
that all native speakers use.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:58
And I'm going to take you through them one by one.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ 1 ใคใšใค่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:02
Speech pattern number one is contractions.
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ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฏใƒณใฏ ๅŽ็ธฎใงใ™ใ€‚
04:06
Contracted verbs and negatives.
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็Ÿญ็ธฎๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใ€‚
04:09
You're pretty familiar with these.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใ‹ใชใ‚Š็ฒพ้€šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:11
I'm
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I'm
04:13
He's
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He's
04:15
They'll
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They'll
04:17
We've
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We've
04:20
Won't
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Won't
04:22
Can't
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Can't
04:23
etc...
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etc...
04:26
What is important to remember
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจ
04:28
is that native speakers
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ใฏใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผ
04:30
always use these patterns when they speak.
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ใฏ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซๅธธใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ† ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆ
04:33
Except when they want to stress a point.
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ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚’้™คใ„ใฆ ใ€‚
04:37
That is why there's a difference in tone and meaning between
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ ใ€
04:43
'O.K. I'll do it.'
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'O.K.' ใซใฏใƒˆใƒผใƒณใจๆ„ๅ‘ณใซ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ€‚'
04:45
and
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ใจ
04:47
'I will do it.'
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ใ€Œ็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:49
'Nothing can stop me.'
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'ไฝ•ใ‚‚็งใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚'
04:51
When we use the contraction there's no stress
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็ธฎ็ด„ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
04:54
on the contracted form. There is no particular emotion.
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ใ€็ธฎ็ด„ๅฝขๅผใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็‰นใซๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
04:59
The other example,
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไพ‹ใฏ
05:00
when you've used the full form,
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ใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
05:03
'I will do it'.
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'I will do it' ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:04
you want to show determination.
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ๆฑบๆ„ใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ„ใ€‚
05:10
So, as using contractions is the norm rather than the exception in spoken English.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏไพ‹ๅค–ใงใฏใชใๆจ™ๆบ–ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘
05:17
I would recommend that you try and use them as much as possible yourself.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่ฉฆใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:22
Firstly, you will sound more natural
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็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถ
05:25
and secondly
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05:26
you'll be able to hear them more easily when native speakers use them.
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ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใ€็ฌฌไบŒใซ ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่žใๅ–ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:32
Just be careful not to use contractions
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ๆญฃๅผใชๆ–‡็ซ ใง็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—
05:35
in formal writing. When you're writing a letter, or a report,
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚„ใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆ
05:39
or an article.
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ใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€‚
05:40
Always
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ๅธธใซ
05:41
keep it to the full form.
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅฝขใงไฟ็ฎกใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:43
Keep the contractions
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05:45
for speaking.
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่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎๅŽ็ธฎใ‚’ไฟใกใพใ™ใ€‚
05:48
Moving onto speech pattern number two.
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็™บ่ฉฑใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณ็•ชๅท 2 ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:52
Speech pattern number two is called week forms.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้Ÿณๅฃฐใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใฏใ€้€ฑๅฝขๅผใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:56
Grammatical words, such as modal verbs,
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ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใชใฉใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•็”จ่ชž
06:00
possessive adjectives,
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06:02
prepositions,
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06:04
etc...
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06:06
are seldom fully pronounced in a sentence.
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ใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใฃใŸใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
06:09
The vowel in them is reduced
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฏ
06:11
to a shorter vowel
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ใ€็Ÿญใ„ๆฏ้Ÿณใซ็ธฎๅฐใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹
06:13
or
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ใ‹ใ€
06:14
disappears completely.
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆถˆใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:16
Let's look at some examples:
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†:
06:19
Here we have the modal verb 'can'.
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ใ“ใ“ใซๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œcanใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:22
In the sentence,
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ๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€
06:24
it can sound like 'kn'.
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ใ€Œknใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:26
The vowel disappears.
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ๆฏ้ŸณใŒๆถˆใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
06:29
'I kn ski.'
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:32
Let's look at another example:
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ
06:34
Possessive adjective:
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06:36
'my',
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06:37
very clear,
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06:38
in isolation, 'my'.
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ใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:40
But in the sentence
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡็ซ 
06:41
it sounds
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ใงใฏใ€
06:43
'Here's me book.'
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'Here's me book.' ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:45
You can hardly hear it.
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:48
And another example:
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ใใ—ใฆๅˆฅใฎไพ‹:
06:50
Preposition: for.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž: for.
06:52
In the sentence
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ๆ–‡ใง
06:53
the vowel is reduced to 'fa'.
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ใฏใ€ๆฏ้ŸณใŒใ€Œfaใ€ใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
06:58
'It's fa you'.
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใงใ™ใ€ใ€‚
07:00
Now, you don't need to use these week forms at all when you speak.
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้€ฑใฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใพใฃใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
07:05
As your message will be
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใฏใ€
07:07
even clear without using them.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใใฆใ‚‚ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:10
However,
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใจใ
07:11
you do need to be aware of them
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ใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใ€ไบˆๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
07:13
and anticipate them
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07:14
when listening to a native speaker.
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.
07:19
Let's look at speech pattern three.
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็™บ่ฉฑใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณ 3 ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:22
Which is phonetic links.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่กจ้Ÿณใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
07:26
Generally any word that starts with a vowel
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้€šๅธธใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชž
07:29
is linked to the previous word.
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ใฏใ€ๅ‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:32
And this makes it
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ๅ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅŒบๅˆฅ
07:33
hard to hear
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ใ—ใฆ่žใๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้›ฃใ—ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™
07:34
each word distinctively.
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ใ€‚
07:37
Let's look at some examples:
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†:
07:41
'He works
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ใ€Œๅฝผ
07:42
as an engineer.' You've got
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ใฏใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒ‹ใ‚ขใจใ—ใฆๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:45
three words that begin with vowel. 'as', 'an'
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใŒ 3 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œasใ€ใ€ใ€Œanใ€
07:49
and 'engineer'.
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ใ€ใ€Œใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒ‹ใ‚ขใ€ใ€‚
07:51
In connected speech
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ๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใฏ
07:52
they all run into each other.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆไบ’ใ„ใซใถใคใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:56
'He works sazanen gineer'.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚ตใ‚ถใƒณใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒ‹ใ‚ขใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€.
08:01
Second example:
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹:
08:04
Here you have
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08:05
four words that begin with vowel.
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ 4 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:08
is,
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08:09
interested, in, it
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่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
08:13
and they all run into each other.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใŠไบ’ใ„ใซๅ‡บใใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:18
'she(y)isinterestedinit.'
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณ(y)ใฏ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€
08:20
And there's a semi vowel
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ใพใŸ
08:22
(y)
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08:23
that links
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08:24
the vowel
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08:25
at the end of 'she'
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ใ€ใ€Œsheใ€
08:27
to the vowel at the beginning of 'is'. She(y)is.
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ใฎๆœซๅฐพใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใจใ€Œisใ€ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ใคใชใๆบ–ๆฏ้Ÿณ (y) ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:33
And our third example:
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3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹:
08:36
Two words: one ending with a 't',
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2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชž: 't' ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชž
08:38
the next one starting with a 't',
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ใจใ€'t' ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชž
08:41
they run into each other, and then
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ใŒไบ’ใ„ใซๅ‡บใใ‚ใ—
08:44
to words starting with a vowel.
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ใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:47
'an amazing'.
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ใ€Œใ™ใ”ใ„ใ€ใ€‚
08:48
Once again
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ
08:50
all this section
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ใ€ใ“ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ
08:51
runs into each other.
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ใŒไบ’ใ„ใซ่ก็ชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:55
'They wentto(w)anamazing place.'
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
08:59
And once again you have the semi vowel (w)
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ใพใŸ
09:02
that connects the vowels
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ใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณ
09:05
'to' and 'an'
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09:05
to each other.
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ใ€Œtoใ€ใจใ€Œanใ€
ใ‚’ใคใชใๅŠๆฏ้Ÿณ (w) ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:09
Once again
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—
09:10
you don't necessarily need to use these links when you speak
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏ
09:15
as your message will be perfectly clear without them.
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ใŒใชใใฆใ‚‚ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใŒๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:19
However,
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใจใ
09:20
you do need to be aware of them and anticipate them
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ใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใ€ไบˆๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
09:24
when you listen
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09:25
to native speakers.
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.
09:29
Now often,
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
09:31
you get at least two of these speech patterns,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็™บ่ฉฑใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใŒๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ 2 ใค ใ€
09:33
sometimes even all three,
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ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ 3 ใคใ™ในใฆใŒ 1 ใค
09:36
in a row in a sentence.
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ใฎๆ–‡ใซ้€ฃ็ถšใ—ใฆ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
09:37
and that is when you can feel really challenged.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™.
09:41
Let's look at an example:
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ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†:
09:44
'He won't accept it from me.'
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็งใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
09:47
You have the contraction 'won't', you have
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09:51
two words beginning with a vowel; 'accept' and 'it',
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œacceptใ€ใจใ€Œitใ€ใ€
09:54
and you have the preposition 'from'.
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ใใ—ใฆๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€Œfromใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:58
So, in connected speech
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใฏใ€
10:00
you will hear:
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10:01
'He won'tacceptit fromme.'
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็งใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
10:07
At this point you are probably asking yourself; well what's the best way to
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ใ“ใฎๆ™‚็‚นใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ่‡ชๅ•่‡ช็ญ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ็™บ่ฉฑใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏไฝ•
10:11
familiarize myself with the speech patterns?
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ใงใ™ใ‹?
10:15
I think the best way
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ๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ•
10:16
is transcribing audio files.
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ใฏใ€้Ÿณๅฃฐใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒซใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅ†™ใ™ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:20
If you already have a CD of dialogues,
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ใ™ใงใซๅฏพ่ฉฑใฎ CD ใ‚’ใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒ—ใƒˆไป˜ใใงๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
10:22
with transcripts,
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10:24
then listen to the dialogues
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ใ€ๅฏพ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆ
10:26
and write them out
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ๆ›ธใๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰
10:27
and then compare what you have written with the transcript.
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ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใจใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒ—ใƒˆใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:33
If you do not have such CD's,
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช CD ใ‚’ใŠๆŒใกใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
10:35
I recommend Anglo-Files
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10:37
104 and 108
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10:40
from Anglo-Link's selection of audio files that you can access
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ใ€Anglo-Link ใฎใ‚ชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ช ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒซใฎใ‚ปใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Anglo-Files 104 ใŠใ‚ˆใณ 108 ใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™
10:44
on our website.
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ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๅฝ“็คพใฎ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:45
anglo-link.com
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anglo-link.com
10:48
These are selections of daily dialogues
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธไผš่ฉฑ
10:51
and business dialogues
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ใจใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นไผš่ฉฑใฎใ‚ปใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ€
10:53
which you can listen to and transcribe, and then
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่žใ„
10:57
check what you've written against the transcripts
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ใฆๆ›ธใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใ€ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใฎๆ›ธใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใจ็…งใ‚‰ใ—ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆๆ›ธใ„ใŸๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’็ขบ่ชใงใใพใ™
11:00
on the site.
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ใ€‚
11:02
This will really improve your listening comprehension of native speakers
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎ่žใๅ–ใ‚Š่ƒฝๅŠ›ใŒๅคงๅน…ใซๅ‘ไธŠ
11:06
and at the same time
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ใ—ใ€ๅŒๆ™‚ใซ
11:08
will help you to activate
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11:10
loads of useful functional expressions.
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ๅคšใใฎๆœ‰็”จใช้–ขๆ•ฐ่กจ็พใ‚’ๆดปๆ€งๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
11:15
Now, if you have never studied the English sound system, if you've never
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ใ•ใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
11:19
studied pronunciation on its own,
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ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใง็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
11:23
I strongly recommend our Anglo-File
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ใฏใ€Anglo-File 117 ใ‚’ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™
11:26
117.
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ใ€‚
11:29
In this Anglo-File,
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ใ“ใฎ Anglo-File ใซใฏใ€
11:31
you will have a complete list of all the vowels, of all the diphthongs,
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๆฏ้ŸณใฎๅฎŒๅ…จใชใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ™ในใฆใฎไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใ€็ทด็ฟ’
11:35
all the consonants in English that you can practice.
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ใงใใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๅญ้Ÿณ ใ€‚
11:39
It also has loads of minimal pair exercises
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ใพใŸใ€ไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆฏ้Ÿณ
11:43
that will help you to
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ใ‚’ๅŒบๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๆœ€ๅฐ้™ใฎใƒšใ‚ข็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
11:44
distinguish
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11:45
vowel sounds that are similar from each other.
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ใ€‚
11:49
It also has a section
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ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
11:51
on the speech patterns we've looked at. You can listen to weak forms, contractions
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ใพใง่ฆ‹ใฆใใŸ้Ÿณๅฃฐใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅผฑๅฝขใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝข
11:58
and phonetic links, and transcribe them.
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ใ€้Ÿณๅฃฐใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ€ๆ›ธใ่ตทใ“ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:01
This will be really really helpfull if you have not familiarised yourself
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใพใ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซ้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใก
12:05
with the English sound system yet.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:09
Now if you want,
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ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็”ปๅƒใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏ
12:11
you can do a transcription exercise now
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ใ—ใฆๆ–‡ๅญ—่ตทใ“ใ—ใฎๆผ”็ฟ’ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
12:14
by clicking on this image.
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ใ€‚ ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ
12:18
If you prefer to continue listening to the presentation,
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ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็ถšใ่žใใŸใ„
12:21
you will have the chance at the end of the presentation
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซ่žใใ“ใจ
12:24
to do it then.
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ใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:29
Right.
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ๅณใ€‚
12:30
So, once you've familiarised yourself with the English sound system
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ€
12:35
and also know how native speakers shorten
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้Ÿณใ‚’็Ÿญ็ธฎใ—ใฆใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
12:39
and link sounds.
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.
12:41
The next step is to improve
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใฏ
12:43
your own pronunciation.
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ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
12:46
Clearly,
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ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ€
12:48
if you're mispronouncing a word because you learnt it by reading,
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใง่ฆšใˆใŸใŸใ‚ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’้–“้•ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€
12:52
and guessed how it was pronounced,
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
12:55
Then it is likely that you will not catch it when you hear it.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใจใใซ่žใๅ–ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆ
13:01
There're two common traps,
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ใ€ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎ่ฝใจใ—็ฉดใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
13:02
if you have guessed
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13:04
the pronunciation of a word
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13:06
by by reading it.
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ใ€‚
13:09
The first common pronunciation trap
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็™บ้Ÿณใฎ็ฝ 
13:12
is...
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ใฏ...
13:15
believing that two words with the same spelling
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ๅŒใ˜็ถดใ‚Šใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชž
13:18
will have the same sound.
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ใŒๅŒใ˜้Ÿณใซใชใ‚‹ใจไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
13:21
Let's give you an example:
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ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†:
13:23
If you think that the combination letters
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13:26
'e' and 'a'
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'e' ใจ 'a' ใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒ
13:28
always sound like:
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ๅธธใซ
13:30
/i:/
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/i:/
13:31
as in
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13:32
'jean'
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'jean' ใฎใ‚ˆใ†
13:33
then you will miss pronounce
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ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ๅ ดๅˆ
13:35
the following words:
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ใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’้–“้•ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™:
13:38
'Great', 'Hear'
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'Great', 'Hear'
13:44
'Learn'
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' Learn'
13:46
'Instead'
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'Instead'
13:50
This is the best example of the same combination of letters
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€5 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŒใคๆ–‡ๅญ— 'ea' ใฎๅŒใ˜็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใงใ™
13:54
'ea'
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13:55
having five
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13:57
different sounds.
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ใ€‚
13:59
Another tricky letter is the letter 'u'.
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ๅˆฅใฎใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใชๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ€Œuใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:03
If you imagine that the letter 'u' always sounds like /u/
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ๆ–‡ๅญ— 'u' ใฏๅธธใซ 'put' ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ /u/ ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
14:08
as in 'put'.
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ใ€‚
14:10
You will mispronounce
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14:12
the two following words:
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ๆฌกใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’้–“้•ใˆใพใ™:
14:14
'Judge'
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'Judge'
14:17
and 'Furious'
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ใจ 'Furious'
14:18
because that the letter 'u' is sometimes /u/
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ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฏใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ— 'u' ใŒ /u/ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ /u/ ใซใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
14:21
many times ...
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14:23
and occasionally ...
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ใงใ™ ...
14:29
Okay, let's look at the second comment pronunciation trap.
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ใงใฏใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใƒˆใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
14:33
Which is:
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
14:34
word stress.
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่จ€่‘‰ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
14:37
In many languages
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ๅคšใใฎ่จ€่ชž
14:39
the strength of your voice is spread equally among the syllables in a word.
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ใงใฏใ€ๅฃฐใฎๅผทใ•ใฏๅ˜่ชžใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€้–“ใงๅ‡็ญ‰ใซๅˆ†ๆ•ฃใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
14:45
In English however,
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ
14:47
if you have more than one syllable in your word, you have to decide
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ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใซ
14:51
which syllable or syllables
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใฉใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใพใŸใฏ้Ÿณ็ฏ€
14:54
take the stress of your voice. And which ones are
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ใซๅฃฐใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ใใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใ‚Œ ใŒ
14:58
de-stressed.
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’่งฃๆถˆใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
15:00
Let's look at an example:
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ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†: ใ“ใ‚Œ
15:01
Here's a word
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15:03
with four syllables. Now, let's decide
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ใฏ 4 ใคใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€
15:08
which syllable
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ใฉใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซ
15:09
takes the stress.
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ๅผทๅ‹ขใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:10
Is it the first one:
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผš
15:12
'DEvelopment'.
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ใ€Œ้–‹็™บใ€ใ€‚
15:14
Is it the second one:
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2ใค็›ฎใฏ
15:16
'deVElopment'.
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ใ€Œ้–‹็™บใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:18
The third one:
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3 ใค็›ฎใฏ
15:20
'deveLOPment'.
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ใ€ŒdeveLOPmentใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:22
Or the last syllable:
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ใพใŸใฏๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€:
15:25
'developMENT'.
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'developMENT'.
15:27
In this case
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
15:28
it's the second syllable
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ใใ‚Œใฏ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€
15:31
'deVElopment'.
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ใ€ŒdeVElopmentใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:33
Now, you couldn't know that unless you have heard the word
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
15:37
many many times.
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.
15:39
Let's look at the second example:
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ใ‚’
15:42
Let's look at these two words.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:45
They seem very similar in their spelling. So, you would expect them to have the
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚นใƒšใƒซใŒ้žๅธธใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
15:50
same rythms, the same music, the same word stress.
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ๅŒใ˜ใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใ€ๅŒใ˜้Ÿณๆฅฝใ€ๅŒใ˜ๅ˜่ชžใฎๅผทๅ‹ขใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆœŸๅพ…ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:54
However, in the first one,
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ€
15:57
it's the second syllable that's stressed.
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ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:00
And in the second one
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960410
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2
16:02
it's the first syllable.
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962370
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็•ช็›ฎใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:03
And that changes the pronunciation
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅค‰ใˆใพใ™
16:06
completely.
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ใ€‚
16:07
The first word is:
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967770
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏ
16:09
'proPose'.
339
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ใ€ŒproPoseใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:11
And the second word is:
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ใใ—ใฆไบŒ็•ช็›ฎใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏ
16:13
'Purpose'.
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ใ€Œ็›ฎ็š„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:16
So, what is the conclusion of the examples we've looked at?
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ใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใพใง่ฆ‹ใฆใใŸไพ‹ใฎ็ต่ซ–ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
16:20
At the pronunciation traps we've looked at?
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็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆใใŸ็™บ้Ÿณใƒˆใƒฉใƒƒใƒ— ใง๏ผŸ
16:24
Well the conclusion is that you have to avoid guessing how a word is pronounced.
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็ต่ซ–ใฏ ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้ฟใ‘ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—
16:30
Always check the pronunciation of the words that your learning.
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ใŸๅ˜่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅธธใซ็ขบ่ชใ— ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:34
Either ask someone
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่ชฐใ‹ใซ่žใ
16:36
or use a talking dictionary.
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ใ‹ใ€้Ÿณๅฃฐ่พžๆ›ธใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:39
Talking dictionaries are now widely available on the internet
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็พๅœจใ€้Ÿณๅฃฐ่พžๆ›ธใฏ ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใงๅบƒใๅ…ฅๆ‰‹
16:44
and you can listen to the word several times and with some of them you can even
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ใงใใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝ• ๅบฆใ‚‚่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใ
16:49
record your own voice, and compare your pronunciation
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธญใซใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅฃฐใ‚’้Œฒ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆจก็ฏ„ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:52
with a model, which is an excellent exercise.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸ ็ทด็ฟ’ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:57
Again, you don't need to be a hundred percent correct in your own
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็™บ้ŸณใŒ 100% ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
17:01
pronunciation to be understood.
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ใ€‚
17:05
But if you have not heard
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—
17:06
the correct pronunciation of a word enough times
355
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ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆญฃใ—ใ„็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ ๅๅˆ†ใซ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
17:11
your risk not catching it
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17:13
when it is spoken by a native speaker,
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ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ่ฉฑใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใใซใ€
17:16
in a stream of other words,
358
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่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚Œใฐใ€้Ÿณๅฃฐใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใจใใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎๅผฑใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใงใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆตใ‚Œใฎไธญใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใๅ–ใ‚Œใชใ„ใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
17:18
with phonetic links and weak forms surrounding it.
359
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ใ€‚
17:23
So, do work on your own pronunciation. It's an important key
360
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐๅŠ›
17:27
to improving
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ใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ้‡่ฆ
17:28
your listening comprehension.
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ใช้ตใงใ™ใ€‚
17:34
And finally to the third key,
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
17:36
improving you're listening comprehension.
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ญใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
17:39
Learn primarily with your ears
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17:42
rather than your eyes.
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็›ฎใงใฏใชใใ€ไธปใซ่€ณใงๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:44
Now you have a better understanding of why native speakers
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผ
17:49
are not always easy to understand.
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ใŒๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚็†่งฃใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใจใฏ้™ใ‚‰ใชใ„็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:51
Especially if you have learnt your English
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็‰นใซๆœฌใ‹ใ‚‰่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ๅ ดๅˆ
17:54
out of a book.
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ใ€‚
17:56
It's for the simple reason
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17:58
that what you see
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆ
18:00
is not what they say.
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ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜็ด”ใช็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
18:03
Therefore, the best way to learn new words and expressions is by first
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚„่กจ็พใ‚’ๅญฆใถๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎๆ–นๆณ• ใฏใ€ใพใš
18:07
hearing them
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆ
18:09
then seeing them in writing.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
18:12
So, here are some final hints
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ใใ“ใงใ€็›ฎใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ่€ณใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹
18:15
on how to use
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ใ—
18:16
your ears
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18:18
instead of your eyes.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:21
Listen to audio books
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ๆœฌ
18:23
rather than read the printed version of the book.
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ใฎๅฐๅˆท็‰ˆใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ช ใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘่‹ฑ่ชž
18:28
Listen to the radio
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ใงใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ชใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€
18:30
and watch programs and films
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็•ช็ต„ใ‚„ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
18:32
in English as much as possible.
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ใ€‚
18:36
Even if at first your understand very little,
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ็†่งฃใงใ ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€
18:40
this is a great exercise to tune your ears into the sounds rhythm and
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่จ€่ชž ใฎ้Ÿณใฎใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใจ
18:45
music of the language.
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้Ÿณๆฅฝใซ่€ณใ‚’ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„็ทด็ฟ’ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:48
You will be surprised how quickly you will start to hear and understand more
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้ฉšใใปใฉ้€Ÿใ ่žใๅ–ใ‚Šใ€็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
18:53
and more.
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ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:57
If you're using a course-book,
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ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆœฌ่‡ชไฝ“
18:59
work more with the accompanying CD
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ไป˜ๅฑžใฎ CD ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆไฝœๆฅญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
19:01
than the book itself.
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ใ€‚
19:05
And finally,
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ
19:06
if you're using a word you have learnt by reading
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ใ€่ชญใ‚“ใง่ฆšใˆใŸๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€
19:10
and have never
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19:10
heard it before,
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่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„
19:12
make sure you check the pronunciation.
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฟ…ใš็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใฎ็†่งฃๅŠ›ใจ็™บ้Ÿณ
19:17
To give you more tools to improve your listening comprehension and pronunciation,
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ใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
19:22
we have recorded all the grammar exercises that you have access to
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ใซใ€anglo-link.com ใงใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใงใใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆผ”็ฟ’ใ‚’่จ˜้Œฒใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
19:27
on anglo-link.com
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19:30
These are available as audio files.
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ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้Ÿณๅฃฐใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒซใจใ—ใฆๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
19:33
And they ensure that you also learn the correct pronunciation and intonation
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ใพใŸใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใƒšใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใซๅซใพใ‚Œใฆ
19:39
of the important structures
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ใ„ใ‚‹้‡่ฆใชๆง‹้€ 
19:41
and the useful expressions
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ใจๆœ‰็”จใช่กจ็พใฎๆญฃใ—ใ„็™บ้Ÿณใจใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚‚็ขบๅฎŸใซ็ฟ’ๅพ—ใงใใพใ™
19:43
that we have included in our
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19:45
Anglo-Pedia.
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ใ€‚ ไปฅๅ‰ใซ
19:49
If you didn't do the transcription exercise ealier on, this is your chance to do
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—่ตทใ“ใ—ใฎๆผ”็ฟ’ใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ไปŠใŒใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚น
19:54
it now.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:57
Well, I hope you've enjoyed this
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐๅŠ›
19:58
video on how to improve your listening comprehension
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ใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใง
20:02
and found all the tips useful.
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ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใŒๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:06
thank you for watching, I look forward to seeing you in our next video.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใŠไผšใ„ใงใใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:12
Bye now!
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ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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