English Vocabulary - EVEN: even though, even if, even when...

386,973 views ใƒป 2013-12-02

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Hi again. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam, and today's lesson comes from a
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ใพใŸไผšใฃใŸใญใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ็งใฏ Adam ใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ
00:08
very common question I get from students. Students sometimes ask me... Like they ask
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ใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ˆใๅฏ„ใ›ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใฏๆ™‚ใ€…็งใซ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใพใ™...
00:13
me a question about grammar or whatever, and sometimes I say: "You know what? I'm not sure.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใชใฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ๆ™‚ใ€…็งใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™:
00:17
I'll tell you tomorrow or I'll tell you the next day", etcetera. And then they say to
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ใชใฉใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
00:21
me: "But you're the teacher, you should know." And I say to them, you know: "Even teachers
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็งใซใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๆ•™ๅธซใงใ•ใˆใ€
00:27
sometimes need to learn and to continuously grow and find out new things for their students."
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ๆ™‚ใซใฏๅญฆใณใ€็ถ™็ถš็š„ใซๆˆ้•ท ใ—ใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎใŸใ‚ใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
00:33
And then of course the next question is: "What is 'even'?" And I say: "Okay, well there's
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆฌกใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€ ใ€Œๅถๆ•ฐใ€ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œใ•ใฆใ€
00:38
your... our next lesson." Right? So today's word: "even". Many students... like they hear
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ...ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใงใฏใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€Œๅถๆ•ฐใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏ...ใ„ใคใ‚‚่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™
00:43
it all the time, but they don't really understand how it's being used. So today, I'm going to
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“. ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹
00:48
give you some examples because that's the best way to understand this word.
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ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:51
Most of you have seen it as: "even though", "even if", or: "even when". There are other
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฏใ€ใ€ŒใŸใจใˆใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใŸใจใˆใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€ใจใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
00:59
uses which we're going to look at in a minute, but first let's go over these. But first,
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ใ™ใใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใไป–ใฎ็”จ้€”ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€
01:04
what does..? What does the word: "even" suggest? Okay? When you use the word: "even", you're
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ไฝ•ใŒ..? ใ€Œใ•ใˆใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝ•ใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
01:09
talking about something that's very surprising. Okay? It's against expectation. What is "expectation"?
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้žๅธธใซ้ฉšใในใใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๆœŸๅพ…ๅค–ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๆœŸๅพ…ใ€ใจใฏ๏ผŸ ไป–ใฎ
01:16
When you think something will happen because something else happened. For example: if I
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใจใ ใ€‚ ไพ‹: ็ง
01:22
win a million dollars, you will... You would expect that I will buy a big house or that
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ใŒ็™พไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ... ็งใŒๅคงใใชๅฎถใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใ‹ใ€
01:27
I will go on vacation or that I will stop working. Okay? So what we're going to see
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ไผ‘ๆš‡ใซ่กŒใใ‹ใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจไบˆๆƒณใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎ
01:33
is that sometimes what you think will happen is exactly the opposite or different from
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ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใจๆญฃๅๅฏพใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€็•ฐใชใฃใฆ
01:38
what actually happens, and then that's when you use the word: "even".
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ใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:42
Let's look at the first example: "Even though I was late, my boss wasn't angry."
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใŒ้…ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใซใ€ไธŠๅธใฏๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
01:48
Now, you would think: "You're late, your boss is angry." But I'm stressing that what should
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†ๆ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้…ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธŠๅธ ใฏๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒ้…ๅˆปใ—ใŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใš
01:54
have been the case, he should have been angry or she should have been angry, but wasn't,
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ใ€ๅฝผ ใŒๆ€’ใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸใ‹ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆ€’ใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸใฎใซใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใŠใ
01:59
even though I was late. So it's a very surprising situation. If I used only "though": "Though
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ใพใ™. ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้ฉšใในใ็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ ใ‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅ ดๅˆ๏ผšใ€Œ
02:06
I was late, my boss wasn't angry." This just shows a regular contrast. Okay? Late should
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็งใฏ้…ๅˆปใ—ใŸใ‘ใฉใ€ไธŠๅธใฏๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ€้€šๅธธใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ้…ๅˆปใฏ
02:13
equal angry, it wasn't. This shows surprise because usually my boss gets angry when I'm
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ๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ฉšใในใ ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒ้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจไธŠๅธใฏๆ€’ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ (
02:19
late, - not that I'm late often -, but when I'm late, my boss gets really angry. But today,
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็งใŒใ‚ˆใ้…ๅˆปใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“) ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€
02:25
no, today my boss was calm, nothing going on. He must have had a good weekend, I don't
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ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ไธŠๅธใฏ่ฝใก็€ใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‚่ตทใใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ่‰ฏใ„้€ฑๆœซใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใŸใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€็งใซใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„
02:31
know. Now: "if":
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ใ€‚ ไปŠ: "if":
02:34
"If I win the lottery, I won't have enough money to buy a house."
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"ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฎใใ˜ใŒๅฝ“ใŸใฃใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ๅฎถใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใฎใซๅๅˆ†ใชใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚"
02:39
That doesn't make sense. If you win the lottery, you have a lot of money so that's why I'm
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฎใใ˜ใซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Œใฐๅคง้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
02:43
using: "if". And when I use: "if", I'm also adding the negative, the opposite of what
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ใ€Œifใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œifใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไบˆๆƒณใจใฏ้€†ใฎๅฆๅฎšใ‚‚่ฟฝๅŠ 
02:48
is expected. "Even if I win the lottery, I won't have enough
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ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ๅฎใใ˜ใŒๅฝ“ใŸใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅฎถใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใŠ้‡‘ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
02:53
money to buy a house." Okay? It depends how much the lottery is.
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฎใใ˜ใฎ้กๆฌก็ฌฌใงใ™ใ€‚
02:57
I think Lotto 649, that's the lottery in Ontario, I think it's three million right now. In Toronto,
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ใƒญใƒˆ 649 ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ชใƒณใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ชๅทžใฎๅฎใใ˜ใงใ€ ็พๅœจ 300 ไธ‡ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆใง
03:02
that'll buy you a little house, maybe. So: "Even if I win".
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ใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใงๅฐใ•ใชๅฎถใŒ่ฒทใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œๅ‹ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ€‚
03:07
Now: "even when". "If" is a hypothetical; maybe it will happen, maybe it won't happen,
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ไปŠ๏ผšใ€Œใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—ใ€ใฏไปฎ่ชฌใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ
03:13
probably not. "When" we use for more realistic ideas, when something happens.
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ใชใ„ใ€‚ "When" ใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ็พๅฎŸ็š„ใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:18
"Even when he presented the evidence," - when he showed proof that something happened -, "no
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ใ€ŒๅฝผใŒ่จผๆ‹ ใ‚’ๆ็คบใ—ใŸใจใใงใ•ใˆใ€ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†่จผๆ‹ ใ‚’ๅฝผใŒ็คบใ—ใŸใจใใงใ•ใˆ ใ€ใ€Œ่ชฐใ‚‚
03:24
one believed him." Now, you think evidence, if somebody sees
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ๅฝผใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€. ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จผๆ‹ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐ
03:28
evidence, they believe what you're saying. But even when he presented the evidence, they
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ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ๅฝผใŒ่จผๆ‹ ใ‚’ๆ็คบใ—ใŸใจใใงใ•ใˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰
03:34
didn't believe him. Very strange. I can... I put the word here "after": "Even after he
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ใฏๅฝผใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ. ้žๅธธใซๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชใ€‚ ใงใใพใ™... ใ“ใ“ใซใ€ŒๅพŒใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™: ใ€Œๅฝผ
03:39
showed the evidence..." If you want to talk about time lapse, this is... "When" shows
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ใŒ่จผๆ‹ ใ‚’ ็คบใ—ใŸๅพŒใงใ‚‚...
03:44
at that time, "after" means later, but both work the same way in this sentence. Okay?
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ใ€ ใฏๅพŒใงๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:50
So again: "even" means surprising or against expectations, but we are not limited to these
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œๅถๆ•ฐใ€ใฏ้ฉšใในใใ€ใพใŸใฏๆœŸๅพ…ใซๅใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 3 ใคใฎ่กจ็พใซ้™ๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
03:57
three expressions. Let's look at some more. Okay, now another thing to remember about
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ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใ“ใจ
04:03
this word: "even" is that it sometimes gives you extra information. Just by using this
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅถๆ•ฐใ€ใฏๆ™‚ใ€… ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ€
04:08
word, you should be able to understand something else. Okay? So let's look at these examples.
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ๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:14
"No one thought Tom's joke was funny, not even Kathy."
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ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ทใƒผใงใ•ใˆใ€ใƒˆใƒ ใฎใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’้ข็™ฝใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใŸไบบใฏ่ชฐ ใ‚‚ใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€
04:18
Now, only from this sentence, what can you understand about Kathy? One: you can understand
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎไธ€ๆ–‡ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ทใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใŒ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? 1:
04:25
that she always thinks Tom's jokes are funny, so that's why it's a little surprise that
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใƒˆใƒ ใฎใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใŒ้ข็™ฝใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€
04:30
even she didn't think this was funny or you think that Kathy always laughs at every joke.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใงใ•ใˆใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ้ข็™ฝใ„ใจใฏๆ€ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Š ใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ทใƒผใŒใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้ฉšใใงใ™ใ€‚
04:36
Okay? So something about Kathy you can understand from this sentence even though it's not mentioned;
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ทใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ ใฏใ€่จ€ๅŠใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‹ใ‚‰็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:42
you understand something about her personality or about her relationship with Tom, etcetera.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎๆ€งๆ ผ ใ‚„ใƒˆใƒ ใจใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใชใฉใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:48
Obviously, we need more information to know exactly what, but you understand that there's
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ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ€ ๆญฃ็ขบใซไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใซใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅฟ…่ฆ
04:52
something else because of this word. Okay? "Even Superman wouldn't be able to defeat
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใฏๅˆฅใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒณใงใ•ใˆๅฝผใ‚’ๅ€’ใ™ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:59
him." "Defeat him" means beat him or win in a fight.
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚’ๆ‰“ใก่ฒ ใ‹ใ™ใ€ใจ ใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚’ๆ‰“ใก่ฒ ใ‹ใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆˆฆใ„ใซๅ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:02
So even Superman wouldn't be able to, what does that tell you about him? He's very tough
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ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒณใงใ•ใˆใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ๅฝผใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ๅฝผใฏ้žๅธธใซใ‚ฟใƒ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹
05:09
or very difficult to beat. Superman can beat anybody, right? He's Superman. Nope, not this
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ใ‹ใ€ๅ€’ใ™ใฎใŒ้žๅธธใซๅ›ฐ้›ฃใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒณใฏ่ชฐใซใงใ‚‚ๅ‹ใฆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ๅฝผใฏใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ“ใฎ็”ทใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
05:14
guy. This guy's tougher than Superman, tougher even than Superman. Wow, pretty tough.
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ„ใคใฏใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ฟใƒ•ใ€ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผ ใƒžใƒณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ฟใƒ•ใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚ŠๅŽณใ—ใ„ใ€‚
05:22
"I really want to eat a burger." - Like a hamburger because, you know, they're good.
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใŒ้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ - ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:27
- "I could even go right now." I want to eat one so badly that even though
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-ใ€ŒไปŠใ™ใใงใ‚‚่กŒใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:32
I'm sitting in front of the TV, relaxed, not wanting to move, I could even go right now,
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ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใฎๅ‰ใซๅบงใฃใฆใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚น ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹•ใใŸใใชใ„ใฎใซใ€ไปŠใ™ใใซใงใ‚‚้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€
05:37
that's how much I want a hamburger. So this information, this word right here tells you
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ใใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใŒ้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€
05:42
just how strongly I want to eat a hamburger. Must be a pretty good burger.
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็งใŒใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‹ใชใ‚Š็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใ„ใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
05:49
"Sure, the Rockies are huge," - capital "R", Rockies, Western Canada - "But the Himalayas"
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ใ€Œ็ขบใ‹ใซใ€ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผๅฑฑ่„ˆใฏๅทจๅคงใงใ™ใ€ - ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ€ŒRใ€ใ€ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผๅฑฑ่„ˆใ€ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€่ฅฟ้ƒจ - ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒ’ใƒžใƒฉใƒคๅฑฑ่„ˆใ€
05:55
- North India - "are even bigger." So you think Rockies are huge, nothing's bigger
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- ๅŒ—ใ‚คใƒณใƒ‰ - ใ€Œใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅคงใใ„ใ€. ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใฏๅทจๅคงใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
06:01
than the Rockies. Well no, the Himalayas are even bigger, believe it or not. So this word:
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ใŒใ€ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใปใฉๅคงใใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใƒ’ใƒžใƒฉใƒคใฏ ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคงใใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€
06:07
"even" basically means: "believe it or not". I'm telling you something that is surprising;
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€Œไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‹ไฟกใ˜ใชใ„ใ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ฉšใในใใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:13
against your expectation. Okay? So very, very commonly used word, has a lot of extra information
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆœŸๅพ…ใซๅใ—ใฆใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ้žๅธธใซ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€ไป–ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคšใใฎไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅซใ‚“
06:20
in the word because it's being used to suggest other information. Okay?
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ใงใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:26
If you want to practice this and see some more examples, go to: www.engvid.com. There's
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:31
a quiz there you can try to strengthen your understanding of the word "even". And, of
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ใ€Œๅถๆ•ฐใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฎ็†่งฃใ‚’ๆทฑใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
06:35
course, go to YouTube and watch my channel, and subscribe, and it's all good. See you again.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€YouTube ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆ็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸใญใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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