English Vocabulary: How to talk about the economy

567,674 views ใƒป 2015-12-17

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Today's lesson, we're going to look at business
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
00:05
English. We're going to talk about the economy. Now, we're not going to get into too much
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ็ตŒๆธˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ฉณ็ดฐใซใฏ่งฆใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
00:10
detail. We're not going to get into economic theories, etc. What we're going to look at
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ใ€‚ ็ตŒๆธˆ ็†่ซ–ใชใฉใซใฏ่งฆใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:15
is some vocabulary that will help you read financial articles and newspapers, or online,
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้‡‘่ž่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚„ๆ–ฐ่žใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใง่ชญใ‚“
00:21
or watch financial broadcasts on TV; CNN, Money Matters, etc., things like that. So,
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ใ ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใง้‡‘่žๆ”พ้€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค่ชžๅฝ™ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ CNNใ€ Money Matters ใชใฉใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€
00:28
we're going to look at all these words.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:30
We're going to start with "GDP" because everything somehow relates to "GDP - gross domestic product".
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ใ™ในใฆ ใŒใ€ŒGDP - ๅ›ฝๅ†…็ท็”Ÿ็”ฃใ€ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€ŒGDPใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:38
What is this? This is the total value, the total monetary value of goods and services
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅ›ฝๅ†…ใง็”Ÿ็”ฃใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ•†ๅ“ใ‚„ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใฎ็ทไพกๅ€คใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ็ท้‡‘้Šญ็š„ไพกๅ€คใงใ™
00:44
produced within a country. So everything that the country produces from toilet paper to
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใƒƒใƒˆใƒšใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰
00:50
airplanes, and services from massage to heart surgery, all the money that's made from these
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้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใ€ใƒžใƒƒใ‚ตใƒผใ‚ธใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฟƒ่‡“ ๆ‰‹่ก“ใพใงใ€ๅ›ฝใŒ็”Ÿ็”ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ•†ๅ“ใจใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎใŠ้‡‘ใŒ GDP ใซ
00:56
goods and services together adds up to the GDP. So, when we're talking about GDP, we're
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ๅŠ ็ฎ—ใ•ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€GDP ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑ
01:03
going to refer back to this expression when we're talking about some of these other words.
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไป–ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:08
So, first, let's look at "fiscal". "Fiscal" basically means anything to do with money,
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใพใšใ€Œ่ฒกๆ”ฟใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ "Fiscal" ใฏ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ
01:14
anything to do with financial matters, especially when we're talking about taxes. Okay? So,
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ใ€็‰นใซ ็จŽ้‡‘ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€้‡‘่žใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
01:21
when... The most common thing you'll hear is "fiscal year". So when we're talking about
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ใ„ใค... ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ใ€Œไผš่จˆๅนดๅบฆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
01:27
a company's fiscal year, we're talking about it's the beginning of its tax year to the
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ใ€ไผš็คพใฎไผš่จˆๅนดๅบฆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ่ชฒ็จŽๅนดๅบฆใฎๅˆใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰่ชฒ็จŽๅนดๅบฆใฎ
01:32
end of its tax year. In some countries, everybody matches this to January to December; in other
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็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใงใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€้ƒจใฎๅ›ฝใงใฏใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ 1 ๆœˆใ‹ใ‚‰ 12 ๆœˆใซๅˆใ‚ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎ
01:39
countries, you're allowed... Your fiscal year starts when you start your business, and then
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ๅ›ฝใงใฏ่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™... ไบ‹ๆฅญใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ—ใŸๆ™‚็‚นใงไผš่จˆๅนดๅบฆใŒๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใ€
01:43
one year later is the end of your fiscal year. It's easier to match it to the calendar year,
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1 ๅนดๅพŒใซไผš่จˆๅนดๅบฆใŒ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆšฆๅนดใซๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใฎใงใ™
01:50
but...
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ใŒ
01:51
A "quarter". Now, you're going to always hear about prices, and stocks, and values going
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โ€ฆ ใ€Œๅ››ๅŠๆœŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ‰ๅ››ๅŠๆœŸใพใŸใฏ้ŽๅŽป 2 ๅ››ๅŠๆœŸใฎ ไพกๆ ผใ€ๆ ชใ€ไพกๅ€คใฎไธŠๆ˜‡ใพใŸใฏไธ‹่ฝใซใคใ„ใฆๅธธใซ่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
01:56
up or down over the last quarter or over the last two quarters. What is a "quarter"? It's
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ››ๅŠๆœŸใ€ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:02
basically three months. So if you're talking about the first quarter of the year, you're
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ3ใƒถๆœˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ไปŠๅนดใฎ็ฌฌ 1 ๅ››ๅŠๆœŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
02:09
talking about January, February, March. That's your first quarter. Your next three months,
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ใ€1 ๆœˆใ€2 ๆœˆใ€3 ๆœˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ››ๅŠๆœŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎ 3 ใ‹ๆœˆใ€
02:14
second quarter. Four quarters makes one year.
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็ฌฌ 2 ๅ››ๅŠๆœŸใงใ™ใ€‚ 4 ๅ››ๅŠๆœŸใง 1 ๅนดใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:18
"Currency". I think everybody knows this word, but just in case, this is the money that is
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"้€š่ฒจ"ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฟตใฎ
02:23
used in a country or a region. This is the monetary value that is used for exchanges,
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ›ฝใ‚„ๅœฐๅŸŸใงไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŠ้‡‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ไบคๆ›ใ€ๅ–ๅผ•ใ€ๆŠ•่ณ‡ใชใฉใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹้‡‘้Šญ็š„ไพกๅ€คใงใ™
02:29
trades, investments, etc. In Canada, we use the Canadian dollar. In the U.S., they use
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ใ€‚ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใงใฏ ใ€ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใงใฏ
02:36
the American dollar. Euro in Europe, etc.
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ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ใฎใƒฆใƒผใƒญใชใฉใ€‚
02:40
A "budget". A "budget" or "to budget", it can be a noun or a verb, means to make a plan
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ใ€Œไบˆ็ฎ—ใ€ใ€‚ "budget" ใพใŸใฏ "to Budget" ใฏใ€ๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใง
02:47
on how to spend a certain amount of money. So, for example, a government has this much
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ใ€ไธ€ๅฎšใฎ้‡‘้กใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟใ†ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎ
02:53
money that they need to spend, or they have a plan that they want to spend this much money.
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ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:59
Now, they want to spend a million dollars. I'm being very simple, here; I'm not going
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ไปŠใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็™พไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ˜็ด”ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคงใ—ใŸๆ•ฐใซใฏใชใ‚Šใพใ›
03:03
to get into big numbers. They need to spend a million dollars to provide all the services
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใช ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใ€่ผธๅ…ฅ
03:09
that they need and to buy all the materials that they need to import, etc. If they are
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ใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใ™ในใฆใฎๆๆ–™ใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใชใฉใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€100 ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:14
running on a deficit, that means that they need to spend more money than they have. They
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่ตคๅญ—ใง้‹ๅ–ถใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคšใใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰
03:21
have to spend on things to bring in or to run the country, but they don't have. So if
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ใฏๆŒใก่พผใ‚€ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚„ๅ›ฝใ‚’้‹ๅ–ถใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซ่ฒปใ‚„ใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
03:27
I need to spend a million dollars but I only make the revenues of the country are only
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ใ€100 ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซ ใ€ๅ›ฝใฎๆญณๅ…ฅใ‚’ 90 ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใซใ—ใ‹ใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ›ฝใฏ
03:33
$900,000, then they will run on $100,000 deficit. Okay?
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10 ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใฎ่ตคๅญ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:40
"Surplus" is the opposite. "Surplus" is when the government or any company, you don't have
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ใ€Œไฝ™ๅ‰ฐใ€ใฏใใฎๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œไฝ™ๅ‰ฐใ€ใจใฏ ใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœใ‚„ไผๆฅญใŒไบˆ็ฎ—ใซๅฟ…่ฆไปฅไธŠใฎใŠ้‡‘
03:45
to apply this to a government, when you have more money than you need for the budget. So
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ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ”ฟๅบœใซ้ฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎๅนดใซ
03:50
if I need to spend a million dollars over the next year, but I have a million and a
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100 ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€150 ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซ
03:55
half, then I have half a million dollar surplus, which is always a good thing.
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ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€50 ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใฎ ไฝ™ๅ‰ฐใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:01
"Inflation/deflation". "Inflation" is when prices of goods and services go up, but wages
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ใ€Œใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใƒฌ/ใƒ‡ใƒ•ใƒฌใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใƒฌใ€ใจใฏ ใ€ๅ•†ๅ“ใ‚„ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใฎไพกๆ ผใŒไธŠๆ˜‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใŒใ€่ณƒ้‡‘
04:11
stay the same. So, basically, the purchase power of the individual goes down. You have
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ใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใฎใงใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ ใซๅ€‹ไบบใฎ่ณผ่ฒทๅŠ›ใฏไธ‹ใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ
04:17
the same amount of money, but you can buy fewer things or you can hire fewer people
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ใฏๅŒใ˜้‡‘้กใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
04:23
to do to have services for you. "Deflation" is the opposite. That's when prices go down,
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ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ้›‡ใ†ไบบใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ใ€Œใƒ‡ใƒ•ใƒฌใ€ ใฏใใฎ้€†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไพกๆ ผใŒไธ‹ใŒใ‚Š
04:30
and the value of your dollar or your currency goes up. Both situations are not good. A little
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ใ€ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚„้€š่ฒจใฎไพกๅ€ค ใŒไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚‚่‰ฏใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:38
bit of each is okay. Too much of each is bad for the economy. People think deflation is
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ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใšใคใงOKใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒใŒๅคšใ™ใŽใ‚‹ ใจใ€็ตŒๆธˆใซๆ‚ชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅŠใผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็‰ฉไพกใŒไธ‹ใŒใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ‡ใƒ•ใƒฌใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ ใจไบบใ€…ใฏ่€ƒใˆใพใ™
04:43
good because prices go down, but then companies don't produce as much things because they're
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ใŒใ€ไผๆฅญ ใฏใใ‚ŒใปใฉๅคšใใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใ„ใงใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉๅคšใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็”Ÿ็”ฃใ—
04:50
not making as much money, so unemployment goes up. So, you have to be careful with both
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ใชใใชใ‚Šใ€ๅคฑๆฅญ็Ž‡ ใŒไธŠๆ˜‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธกๆ–นใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒ
04:55
of them. Inflation, prices go too high, people can't afford things. Deflation, companies
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใƒฌใ€็‰ฉไพกใฎ้ซ˜้จฐใ€ไบบใ€… ใฏ็‰ฉใ‚’่ฒทใ†ไฝ™่ฃ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒ‡ใƒ•ใƒฌใ€ไผๆฅญ
05:01
don't want to produce.
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ใฏ็”Ÿ็”ฃใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใ€‚
05:03
"Stagnation". Now, when we look at GDP, we talk about growth or decline. Growth means
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"ๅœๆปž"ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€GDPใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๆˆ้•ทใ‹่กฐ้€€ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆˆ้•ทใจใฏใ€GDP ใŒๆˆ้•ทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
05:10
that GDP is growing; decline means that GDP is shrinking. Okay? "Stagnation" means that
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ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ‹่ฝใจใฏใ€GDPใŒ็ธฎๅฐใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅœๆปžใ€ใจใฏ
05:16
there's hardly any movement, up or down. It means everything stays more or less the same.
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ใ€ไธŠใซใ‚‚ไธ‹ใซใ‚‚ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅ‹•ใใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒๅคšใ‹ใ‚Œๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใ‚ŒๅŒใ˜ใพใพใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:21
1%, etc. that's still stagnation, if it carries for a long time. A government wants to make
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1%ใชใฉใ€้•ทๆœŸไฟๆœ‰ใชใ‚‰ใพใ  ๅœๆปžใ€‚ ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏ
05:28
sure that the economy is in growth, that the economy grows. If it's stagnant, it means
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ใ€็ตŒๆธˆใŒๆˆ้•ทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€็ตŒๆธˆใŒๆˆ้•ทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅœๆปžใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†
05:35
it's not moving, that's also bad for the economy.
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ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็ตŒๆธˆใซใจใฃใฆใ‚‚ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:39
Next... Actually, you know what? I'm going to jump here a little bit; I'll come back
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ๆฌก... ๅฎŸใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใงๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใƒ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
05:42
to these guys. "Recession". "Recession" is different from "stagnation". "Recession" means
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไบบใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ "ไธๆณ"ใ€‚ ใ€Œไธๆณใ€ใฏ ใ€Œๅœๆปžใ€ใจใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ™ฏๆฐ—ๅพŒ้€€ใ€ใจ
05:47
that the economy is in decline. Now, usually, if the economy is in decline for two quarters,
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ใฏใ€ๆ™ฏๆฐ—ใŒๅพŒ้€€ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€้€šๅธธ ใ€็ตŒๆธˆใŒ2ๅ››ๅŠๆœŸ้€ฃ็ถšใงไธ‹่ฝใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
05:55
consecutive quarters, means one quarter after another quarter, then people... The government
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ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๅ››ๅŠๆœŸใ”ใจใซๆฌกใฎๅ››ๅŠๆœŸใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ..ๆ”ฟๅบœ
06:00
or people, economists consider the economy to be in recession. If the recession continues
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ใ‚„ไบบใ€…ใ€็ตŒๆธˆๅญฆ่€…ใฏ็ตŒๆธˆใŒไธๆณใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ ใพใ™. ไธๆณ
06:06
for a long time, maybe a couple of years, some... In some places, it's only one year
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ใŒ้•ทใ„้–“ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆ•ฐๅนดใ€ๆ•ฐๅนด็ถšใ ๅ ดๅˆ... ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€1ๅนด
06:11
or even less, then you have a depression, which is a very big decline in the... In the
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ใ‹ใใ‚Œไปฅไธ‹ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ .
06:17
economy, the GDP.
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็ตŒๆธˆใ€GDPใ€‚
06:19
Next, we're going to talk about "credit". "Credit" is the ability to borrow money. Okay?
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ๆฌกใซใ€Œไฟก็”จใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œไฟก็”จใ€ใจใฏใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:25
So, for example, you need to buy a car, you can buy a car and pay for it later. Why? Because
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ปŠใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€่ปŠใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅ ใ—ใฆๅพŒใงๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ
06:31
the bank will give you the money to buy the car, and then slowly you pay them back. If
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้Š€่กŒใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใŸใ‚ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจ่ฟ”ๆธˆใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:36
they give you $10,000 to buy the car, you have a $10,000 debt. Notice I don't pronounce
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่ปŠใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใŸใ‚ใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ10,000ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏ10,000ใƒ‰ใƒซใฎ่ฒ ๅ‚ตใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ€Œbใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œdebtใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
06:44
the "b": "debt". Okay? "Debt" means owing. You owe money to someone, usually the bank.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ่ฒ ๅ‚ตใ€ใฏๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ€้€šๅธธใฏ้Š€่กŒใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:51
A "credit rating" means how much or how little the banks will give you. Now, of course, there's
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ใ€Œไฟก็”จๆ ผไป˜ใ‘ใ€ใจใฏใ€้Š€่กŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
06:57
also credits between credit ratings and credits between countries, between companies, between
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ไฟก็”จๆ ผไป˜ใ‘ใจ ๅ›ฝ้–“ใ€ไผๆฅญ้–“ใ€
07:02
banks and individuals, so this basically tells you how much money you can borrow. If you
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้Š€่กŒใจๅ€‹ไบบ้–“ใฎใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚ธใƒƒใƒˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
07:08
have a very bad credit rating, it means nobody will give you any money; you have bad credit.
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ไฟก็”จๆ ผไป˜ใ‘ใŒ้žๅธธใซๆ‚ชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ชฐใ‚‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไฟก็”จใฏๆ‚ชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:14
Next: "bubble". You might hear this word often used, especially when we're talking about
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ๆฌก๏ผšใ€Œใƒใƒ–ใƒซใ€ใ€‚ ็‰นใซๅฎถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
07:20
houses. We have a housing bubble. What does this mean? It means that the prices of the
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ใ€‚ ไฝๅฎ…ใƒใƒ–ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
07:25
houses, in this particular case, are growing, growing, growing, growing. There's no real
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ใ€ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใงใฏใ€ๅฎถใฎไพกๆ ผใŒใฉใ‚“ใฉใ‚“ ไธŠใŒใฃใฆใ„ใใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:30
reason that they should be growing. It's not like there's suddenly a huge demand or the
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆˆ้•ทใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ็†็”ฑใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็ช็„ถๅทจๅคงใช้œ€่ฆใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚Šใ€
07:35
product is so much better, but prices are growing and they're growing quickly for no
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่ฃฝๅ“ใŒ้žๅธธใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ไพกๆ ผใŒไธŠๆ˜‡ใ—ใฆใ„ ใฆใ€็‰นใซ็†็”ฑใ‚‚ใชใๆ€ฅ้€ŸใซไธŠๆ˜‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆ
07:42
particular reason, and then suddenly they pop or they burst. So a bubble grows, and
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ใ€็ช็„ถ ็ˆ†็™บใ—ใŸใ‚Š็ ด่ฃ‚ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹. ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒใƒ–ใƒซใŒๆˆ้•ทใ—ใ€
07:49
then it bursts. So, people are always worried when a bubble gets too big or lasts for too
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ใใฎๅพŒ็ ด่ฃ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ ใ€ใƒใƒ–ใƒซใŒๅคงใใใชใ‚Šใ™ใŽใŸใ‚Šใ€้•ท็ถšใใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏๅธธใซใƒใƒ–ใƒซใŒๅดฉๅฃŠใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใจๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใ€
07:55
long that the burst is coming, and then people start panicking, and the economy is affected
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ใƒ‘ใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้™ฅใ‚Šใ€็ตŒๆธˆใซๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆ
08:02
very much.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:03
Lastly, when we're talking like generally about good economy or bad economy, we say:
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๆ™ฏๆฐ—ใฎ่‰ฏใ—ๆ‚ชใ—ใซใคใ„ใฆไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ ใ€
08:08
"boom" or "bust". "Boom", very good, growing. "Bust", bad, shrinking. Okay?
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ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒผใƒ ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใƒใ‚นใƒˆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒผใƒ ใ€ใ€้žๅธธใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ€ ๆˆ้•ทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒใ‚นใƒˆใ€ใ€ๆ‚ชใ„ใ€็ธฎใ‚€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:15
"Boom", up; "bust", down.
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ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒผใƒ ใ€ใ€ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒใ‚นใƒˆใ€ใ€ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ€‚
08:18
So, these are very general words that you need to know. Again, you're not going to go
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒ
08:22
get your MBA with these words. Okay? But, you can read articles, you can watch programs
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใง MBA ใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€้‡‘่žใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹็•ช็ต„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ€
08:28
about financial matters and get a little bit of better understanding. And the more of these
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็†่งฃใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆทฑใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
08:33
words you learn, the easier it will be to study business, economics, commerce, etc.
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆในใฐๅญฆใถใปใฉใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใ€็ตŒๆธˆใ€ๅ•†ๆฅญใชใฉใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๅ˜ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:40
If you have any questions, please go to www.engvid.com,
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่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:43
and in the comments section, you can ask about these words.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
08:46
There's also a quiz that you can try out to test your knowledge.
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ใพใŸ ใ€็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ฉฆใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ
08:50
Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel,
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ใซ็™ป้Œฒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
08:53
and see you again soon. Bye-bye.
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ใ€‚ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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