English Vocabulary: How to talk about the economy

567,674 views ใƒป 2015-12-17

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Today's lesson, we're going to look at business
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์•ˆ๋…•. www.engvid.com์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์•„๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:05
English. We're going to talk about the economy. Now, we're not going to get into too much
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:10
detail. We're not going to get into economic theories, etc. What we're going to look at
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ด๋ก  ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์€
00:15
is some vocabulary that will help you read financial articles and newspapers, or online,
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๊ธˆ์œต ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ,
00:21
or watch financial broadcasts on TV; CNN, Money Matters, etc., things like that. So,
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TV์—์„œ ๊ธˆ์œต ๋ฐฉ์†ก์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์–ดํœ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CNN, Money Matters ๋“ฑ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
00:28
we're going to look at all these words.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
We're going to start with "GDP" because everything somehow relates to "GDP - gross domestic product".
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด "GDP - ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ"๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "GDP"๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
What is this? This is the total value, the total monetary value of goods and services
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๋ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ด ๊ฐ€์น˜, ์ด ํ™”ํ ๊ฐ€์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:44
produced within a country. So everything that the country produces from toilet paper to
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ™”์žฅ์ง€์—์„œ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ,
00:50
airplanes, and services from massage to heart surgery, all the money that's made from these
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๋งˆ์‚ฌ์ง€์—์„œ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ ๋ฒŒ์–ด๋“ค์ธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ˆ์ด GDP
00:56
goods and services together adds up to the GDP. So, when we're talking about GDP, we're
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์— ํ•ฉ์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ GDP์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ• 
01:03
going to refer back to this expression when we're talking about some of these other words.
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๋•Œ ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:08
So, first, let's look at "fiscal". "Fiscal" basically means anything to do with money,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋จผ์ € "์žฌ์ •"๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Fiscal"์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ,
01:14
anything to do with financial matters, especially when we're talking about taxes. Okay? So,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์žฌ์ • ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
01:21
when... The most common thing you'll hear is "fiscal year". So when we're talking about
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์–ธ์ œ... ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ง์€ "ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์—ฐ๋„"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
01:27
a company's fiscal year, we're talking about it's the beginning of its tax year to the
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—ฐ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณผ์„ธ์—ฐ๋„์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
01:32
end of its tax year. In some countries, everybody matches this to January to December; in other
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๊ณผ์„ธ์—ฐ๋„ ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ 1์›”์—์„œ 12์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผ์น˜์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
01:39
countries, you're allowed... Your fiscal year starts when you start your business, and then
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๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ 
01:43
one year later is the end of your fiscal year. It's easier to match it to the calendar year,
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1๋…„ ํ›„์— ํšŒ๊ณ„์—ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ฌ๋ ฅ ์—ฐ๋„์— ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์‰ฝ์ง€๋งŒ
01:50
but...
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...
01:51
A "quarter". Now, you're going to always hear about prices, and stocks, and values going
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"๋ถ„๊ธฐ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, ์ฃผ์‹,
01:56
up or down over the last quarter or over the last two quarters. What is a "quarter"? It's
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ๋‘ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ƒ์Šน ๋˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ถ„๊ธฐ"๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:02
basically three months. So if you're talking about the first quarter of the year, you're
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ 3๊ฐœ์›”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ฌํ•ด 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
02:09
talking about January, February, March. That's your first quarter. Your next three months,
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1์›”, 2์›”, 3์›”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ 3๊ฐœ์›”,
02:14
second quarter. Four quarters makes one year.
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2๋ถ„๊ธฐ. 4 ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 1๋…„์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
"Currency". I think everybody knows this word, but just in case, this is the money that is
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"ํ†ตํ™”". ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋“ค ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜น์‹œ๋‚˜ ํ•ด์„œ
02:23
used in a country or a region. This is the monetary value that is used for exchanges,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํ†ต์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตํ™˜,
02:29
trades, investments, etc. In Canada, we use the Canadian dollar. In the U.S., they use
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๊ฑฐ๋ž˜, ํˆฌ์ž ๋“ฑ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์ „์  ๊ฐ€์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
02:36
the American dollar. Euro in Europe, etc.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋Ÿฝ โ€‹โ€‹๋“ฑ์˜ ์œ ๋กœ
02:40
A "budget". A "budget" or "to budget", it can be a noun or a verb, means to make a plan
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"์˜ˆ์‚ฐ". "budget" ๋˜๋Š” "to budget"์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:47
on how to spend a certain amount of money. So, for example, a government has this much
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์ผ์ • ๊ธˆ์•ก์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์“ธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
02:53
money that they need to spend, or they have a plan that they want to spend this much money.
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์ง€์ถœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ˆ์ด ๋งŽ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง€์ถœํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
Now, they want to spend a million dollars. I'm being very simple, here; I'm not going
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
03:03
to get into big numbers. They need to spend a million dollars to provide all the services
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ํฐ ์ˆซ์ž์— ๋น ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต
03:09
that they need and to buy all the materials that they need to import, etc. If they are
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ž…์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์จ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
03:14
running on a deficit, that means that they need to spend more money than they have. They
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์ ์ž๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์จ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
03:21
have to spend on things to bring in or to run the country, but they don't have. So if
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๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์— ๋ˆ์„ ์จ์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
03:27
I need to spend a million dollars but I only make the revenues of the country are only
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์จ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์ด
03:33
$900,000, then they will run on $100,000 deficit. Okay?
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90๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋งŒ ๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 10๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ ์ž๋กœ ์šด์˜๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
03:40
"Surplus" is the opposite. "Surplus" is when the government or any company, you don't have
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"์ž‰์—ฌ"๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ‘์ž"๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์—…์ด
03:45
to apply this to a government, when you have more money than you need for the budget. So
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ •๋ถ€์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ, ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚ด๋…„
03:50
if I need to spend a million dollars over the next year, but I have a million and a
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์— 100๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์จ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ 150๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:55
half, then I have half a million dollar surplus, which is always a good thing.
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50๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ž‰์—ฌ๊ธˆ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
"Inflation/deflation". "Inflation" is when prices of goods and services go up, but wages
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"์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜/๋””ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜". "์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜"์€ ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์˜ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ์ž„๊ธˆ์€
04:11
stay the same. So, basically, the purchase power of the individual goes down. You have
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๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ์€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
04:17
the same amount of money, but you can buy fewer things or you can hire fewer people
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๊ฐ™์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:23
to do to have services for you. "Deflation" is the opposite. That's when prices go down,
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. "๋””ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜"์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝ
04:30
and the value of your dollar or your currency goes up. Both situations are not good. A little
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํ†ตํ™” ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
bit of each is okay. Too much of each is bad for the economy. People think deflation is
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๊ฐ๊ฐ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
04:43
good because prices go down, but then companies don't produce as much things because they're
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๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋””ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฒŒ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ
04:50
not making as much money, so unemployment goes up. So, you have to be careful with both
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:55
of them. Inflation, prices go too high, people can't afford things. Deflation, companies
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. ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜, ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ด ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋””ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜, ๊ธฐ์—…์€
05:01
don't want to produce.
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
"Stagnation". Now, when we look at GDP, we talk about growth or decline. Growth means
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"์นจ์ฒด". ์ด์ œ GDP๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์žฅ์€
05:10
that GDP is growing; decline means that GDP is shrinking. Okay? "Stagnation" means that
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GDP๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” GDP๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”? "์นจ์ฒด"๋Š”
05:16
there's hardly any movement, up or down. It means everything stays more or less the same.
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์œ„๋‚˜ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
1%, etc. that's still stagnation, if it carries for a long time. A government wants to make
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1% ๋“ฑ์ด ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ •์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
05:28
sure that the economy is in growth, that the economy grows. If it's stagnant, it means
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์ฒด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
05:35
it's not moving, that's also bad for the economy.
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์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
Next... Actually, you know what? I'm going to jump here a little bit; I'll come back
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๋‹ค์Œ... ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์•Œ์•„? ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ ํ”„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค; ๋‚˜๋Š”
05:42
to these guys. "Recession". "Recession" is different from "stagnation". "Recession" means
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. "๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํ›„ํ‡ด". "์นจ์ฒด"๋Š” "์นจ์ฒด"์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ฆฌ์„ธ์…˜"์€
05:47
that the economy is in decline. Now, usually, if the economy is in decline for two quarters,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‡ ํ‡ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์† ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์ธ ๋‘ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์‡ ํ‡ดํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค
05:55
consecutive quarters, means one quarter after another quarter, then people... The government
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ํ•œ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€
06:00
or people, economists consider the economy to be in recession. If the recession continues
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๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ, ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํ™ฉ์— ๋น ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ถˆํ™ฉ์ด
06:06
for a long time, maybe a couple of years, some... In some places, it's only one year
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์†๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ 1๋…„
06:11
or even less, then you have a depression, which is a very big decline in the... In the
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ถˆ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
economy, the GDP.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ, GDP.
06:19
Next, we're going to talk about "credit". "Credit" is the ability to borrow money. Okay?
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ "์‹ ์šฉ"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์‹ ์šฉ"์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
06:25
So, for example, you need to buy a car, you can buy a car and pay for it later. Why? Because
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ?
06:31
the bank will give you the money to buy the car, and then slowly you pay them back. If
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์€ํ–‰์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ˆ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ์„ ๊ฐš์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ
06:36
they give you $10,000 to buy the car, you have a $10,000 debt. Notice I don't pronounce
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด $10,000๋ฅผ ์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ $10,000์˜ ๋นš์„ ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
the "b": "debt". Okay? "Debt" means owing. You owe money to someone, usually the bank.
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"b": "debt"๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? "debt"๋Š” ๋นš์„ ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€, ๋ณดํ†ต ์€ํ–‰์— ๋ˆ์„ ๋นš์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
A "credit rating" means how much or how little the banks will give you. Now, of course, there's
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"์‹ ์šฉ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰"์€ ์€ํ–‰์ด ๊ท€ํ•˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฌผ๋ก 
06:57
also credits between credit ratings and credits between countries, between companies, between
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์‹ ์šฉ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ„, ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ„,
07:02
banks and individuals, so this basically tells you how much money you can borrow. If you
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์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ ์šฉ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:08
have a very bad credit rating, it means nobody will give you any money; you have bad credit.
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์‹ ์šฉ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚˜์˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜์œ ์‹ ์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
Next: "bubble". You might hear this word often used, especially when we're talking about
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๋‹ค์Œ : "๊ฑฐํ’ˆ". ํŠนํžˆ ์ง‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:20
houses. We have a housing bubble. What does this mean? It means that the prices of the
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. ์ฃผํƒ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผํƒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด
07:25
houses, in this particular case, are growing, growing, growing, growing. There's no real
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, ์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—, ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:30
reason that they should be growing. It's not like there's suddenly a huge demand or the
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์„ฑ์žฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:35
product is so much better, but prices are growing and they're growing quickly for no
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์ œํ’ˆ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ข‹์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ด์œ  ์—†์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ฐ€
07:42
particular reason, and then suddenly they pop or they burst. So a bubble grows, and
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ํญ๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ„ฐ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋‹ค๊ฐ€
07:49
then it bursts. So, people are always worried when a bubble gets too big or lasts for too
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ํ„ฐ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ปค์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜์–ด ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด ํ„ฐ์งˆ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:55
long that the burst is coming, and then people start panicking, and the economy is affected
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํŒจ๋‹‰์— ๋น ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—
08:02
very much.
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ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
Lastly, when we're talking like generally about good economy or bad economy, we say:
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
08:08
"boom" or "bust". "Boom", very good, growing. "Bust", bad, shrinking. Okay?
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"ํ˜ธํ™ฉ" ๋˜๋Š” "๋ถˆํ™ฉ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ถ", ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•„, ์„ฑ์žฅ. "๊ฐ€์Šด", ๋‚˜์œ, ์ˆ˜์ถ•. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
08:15
"Boom", up; "bust", down.
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"๋ถ", ์œ„๋กœ; "๊ฐ€์Šด", ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ.
08:18
So, these are very general words that you need to know. Again, you're not going to go
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
08:22
get your MBA with these words. Okay? But, you can read articles, you can watch programs
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ง๋กœ MBA๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:28
about financial matters and get a little bit of better understanding. And the more of these
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์žฌ์ • ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ
08:33
words you learn, the easier it will be to study business, economics, commerce, etc.
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๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์šธ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค, ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ์ƒ์—… ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
If you have any questions, please go to www.engvid.com,
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ www.engvid.com์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™
08:43
and in the comments section, you can ask about these words.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์–ด. ์ง€์‹์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๋„
08:46
There's also a quiz that you can try out to test your knowledge.
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์ฑ„๋„์„
08:50
Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel,
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๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ 
08:53
and see you again soon. Bye-bye.
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๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”. ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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