Learn 17 Business Abbreviations & Acronyms in English

147,249 views ใƒป 2016-12-20

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:04
In today's lesson we're going to look at a bit of business writing,
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏ ใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—่ฆ‹ใฆ
00:08
and more specifically, we're going to look at abbreviations and acronyms.
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ใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏ ใ€็•ฅ่ชžใจ้ ญๅญ—่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:12
But before I even start, I want you to understand that a lot of what you're going to see today
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅ็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ
00:17
applies in many situations outside of business, but I'll explain those when we get to them.
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ๅคšใใŒใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นไปฅๅค–ใฎๅคšใใฎ็Šถๆณใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจ ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅพŒใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™.
00:22
So, first of all: What's the difference between an abbreviation and an acronym?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซ ใ€็•ฅ่ชžใจ้ ญๅญ—่ชžใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
00:27
An "abbreviation" is a shortening of a word. Okay? It's one word that we cut out a bunch of letters and
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ใ€Œ็•ฅ่ชžใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็Ÿญ็ธฎใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ–ใฃใฆ็Ÿญใใ—ใŸใฎใŒ1ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™
00:34
we make it shorter. So, for example, the abbreviation of the word "abbreviation" is "abbr." Okay?
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€Œabbreviationใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฎ็œ็•ฅๅฝขใฏใ€Œabbrใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:42
"Acronyms", on the other hand, are basically initials.
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ใ€Œ้ ญๅญ—่ชžใ€ ใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ‚คใƒ‹ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
00:50
Initials means the first letter
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ใ‚คใƒ‹ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใจใฏ
00:52
of each word. And initials we usually use with people's names, like John Smith, his
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ใ€ๅ„ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใƒปใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใŸใกใŒ้€šๅธธไบบใ€…ใฎๅๅ‰ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚คใƒ‹ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใฏใ€ๅฝผใฎ
00:57
initials are JS. But when we want to take a bunch of words and we don't want to write
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ใ‚คใƒ‹ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใฏ JS ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใŸใ„ใŒใ€
01:04
all these words, we just want to make something short, but it has to be understood by basically
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใใŸใใชใ„ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿญใใ—ใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ
01:09
whoever is going to read it, then we're going to use acronyms. Okay?
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็š„ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ไบบใฏ่ชฐใงใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ ญๅญ—่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:13
So, let's start with the abbreviations, and in terms of business. Now, especially when
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็•ฅ่ชžใจ ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€็‰นใซ
01:19
we're writing, either a letter by hand like on paper or an email, these are very common.
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็งใŸใกใŒๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็ด™ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ‰‹ๆ›ธใใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ ใ‚„้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™.
01:25
"Attn:" means: Who are you writing to? So, "attention".
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"Attn:" ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณ: ่ชฐใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œๆณจๆ„ใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ใง
01:30
Whose attention are you trying to get with this letter? "Re:" means "regarding",
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่ชฐใฎๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ“ใ†ใจใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹? "Re:" ใฏ "ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ" ใ‚’
01:37
means: About what? Now, a lot of people might
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณ: ไฝ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ? ใ•ใฆ ใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใฏ
01:40
think that "re:" in an email means "reply", it doesn't. "Re:" in an email or a letter
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ใƒกใƒผใƒซใฎใ€Œre:ใ€ใฏใ€Œ่ฟ”ไฟกใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚„ๆ‰‹็ด™ใฎใ€ŒRe:ใ€ใฏใ€
01:45
always means "regarding". What is the topic of the conversation? So, you know in the email
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ๅธธใซใ€Œ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ไผš่ฉฑใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒใฏไฝ• ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใƒกใƒผใƒซ
01:50
bar it has "re:", what are you talking about when you reply to somebody? The topic. Okay?
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ใƒใƒผใซใ€Œre:ใ€ใจ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซ่ฟ”ไฟกใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:55
Next, when we end our letter, we should say who we are and what our position is in the
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’็ท ใ‚ใใใ‚‹้š›ใซใ€็ง ใŸใกใŒ่ชฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไผš็คพๅ†…ใงใฎ็ซ‹ๅ ดใ‚’่ฟฐในใ‚‹ในใ
02:01
company. So, whether you're the Assistant or the Director, you can write: "Asst.", "Dir."
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ขใ‚ทใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใจใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใจใ€ ใ€ŒAsst.ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒDir.ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ›ธใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:09
or "Director", or Manager: "Mgr." Notice that all three of them have a capital. So, it doesn't
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผ๏ผšใ€Œใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใ€ใ€‚ 3 ใคใ™ในใฆใซๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
02:16
matter if you're using the full word or an abbreviation, you still have to capitalize
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ใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹็•ฅ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:21
the title of a position, or the title of the person's place in the company. Okay? So, if
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ๅฝน่ทใฎ่‚ฉๆ›ธใใ‚„ไผš็คพใงใฎๅฝน่ทใฎ่‚ฉๆ›ธใใฏๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Š
02:28
you're the Assistant Director, you write: "Asst. Dir."
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ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ทใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒณใƒˆ ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ€ŒAsst. Dir.ใ€ใจๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:31
Now, you're wondering why there's no dot here, and there is a dot there. There's a few ways
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใชใœใ“ใ“ใซใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใŒใชใใ€ใ‚ใกใ‚‰ใซใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆคๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
02:36
to figure out which one to use, yes or no on the dot. Firstly, the more you read and
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใฏใ„ใพใŸใฏ ใ„ใ„ใˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใš
02:42
the more you engage in this sort of writing, you will just see: What is the most common
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ใ€ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚ใฐ่ชญใ‚€ใปใฉใ€ ๆฌกใฎใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช
02:46
approach? But another way is a style guide. You can use The Chicago Manual of Style, that's
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ใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒญใƒผใƒใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ The Chicago Manual of Style ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใ
02:52
the most common one for general purposes. Or if your company has its own style guide
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็›ฎ็š„ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ไผš็คพใซ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซ ใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰
02:59
or a style sheet, look at it to see if they want a dot or they don't want the dot. It's
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ใพใŸใฏใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซ ใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ ใ€ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
03:05
really a personal choice of the company's. Okay?
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไผš็คพใฎๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใช้ธๆŠž ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:08
So, now, the main thing we have to consider is when we're writing something from the company,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่€ƒๆ…ฎใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ไธปใชใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ไผš็คพ
03:14
we're writing it on company stationery. So, the company has pages with a letterhead. It
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใจใใ€ไผš็คพใฎๆ–‡ๆˆฟๅ…ทใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ ใ€ไผš็คพใซใฏใƒฌใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ˜ใƒƒใƒ‰ไป˜ใใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
03:22
means all the information is already at the top; the name, the logo, the address, etc.
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ใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใ™ใงใซ ไธ€็•ชไธŠใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅๅ‰ใ€ใƒญใ‚ดใ€ไฝๆ‰€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
03:28
So, all of this stuff might already be included, for example: which department, which building
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใŒใ™ใงใซๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ
03:33
you're in, for example, in the address. We always like to take shortcuts, and we don't
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไฝๆ‰€ใซใฏใ€ใฉใฎ้ƒจ้–€ใ€ใฉใฎๅปบ็‰ฉใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใชใฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ ใ„ใคใ‚‚่ฟ‘้“ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ€ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๆ›ธใใŸใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
03:38
want to write everything. Write it short. "dept." is enough. Everybody knows "dept."
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็Ÿญใๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ƒจ้–€ใ€ ใงๅๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€Œใƒ‡ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใ€ใ€‚
03:42
means department. Building is building: "bldg." because we just want to shorten everything.
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้ƒจ้–€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅปบ็‰ฉใฏๅปบ็‰ฉใงใ™๏ผšใ€Œใƒ“ใƒซใ€ใ€‚ ใ™ในใฆใ‚’็Ÿญ็ธฎใ—ใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:48
The less, the better. When you end it, you're writing your name, and underneath: Who are
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ๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใปใฉ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ€ใใฎไธ‹ใซ๏ผš
03:54
you? Like, okay, I know your name, but who are you in terms of the company? So, you're
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅๅ‰ใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไผš็คพใง่ชฐใงใ™ใ‹? ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
03:58
writing your position. Now, you can see all this stuff on business cards, letterheads, etc.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ซ‹ๅ ดใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ ๅๅˆบใ‚„ใƒฌใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ˜ใƒƒใƒ‰ใชใฉใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:05
So, next, let's look at acronyms. So, if you watched Rebecca's lesson on business acronyms,
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ๆฌกใซใ€้ ญๅญ—่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎ้ ญๅญ—่ชžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸ
04:11
you heard about Chief Executive Officer, "CEO", this is the boss of the company, he runs or
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆœ€้ซ˜็ตŒๅ–ถ่ฒฌไปป่€… (CEO) ใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:18
she runs the whole company. Everybody answers to him or her. So, "CO" basically means Chief
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ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‚‚ ใŒๅฝผใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใซ็ญ”ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒCOใ€ใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๆœ€้ซ˜
04:24
Officer, "Executive" means of the whole company, but then you have different departments or
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่ฒฌไปป่€…ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ฐใ‚ผใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€ใฏไผš็คพๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใŒ
04:30
different areas of the company. "CFO", Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer,
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ใ€ไผš็คพใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใช้ƒจ้–€ใพใŸใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใช้ ˜ๅŸŸใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒCFOใ€ใ€ๆœ€้ซ˜ ่ฒกๅ‹™่ฒฌไปป่€…ใ€ๆœ€้ซ˜ๅŸท่กŒ่ฒฌไปป่€…ใ€
04:38
Chief Information Officer, and then there's many other ones that you can use.
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ๆœ€้ซ˜ๆƒ…ๅ ฑ่ฒฌไปป่€…ใชใฉใ€ ไป–ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:43
So, now we're going to look at some more acronyms. One thing to remember: Acronyms always use
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้ ญๅญ—่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€้ ญๅญ—่ชžใฏๅธธใซๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
04:50
capital letters. Even if you don't need capitals in the extended version, the acronym will
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ‹กๅผตใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใงๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€้ ญๅญ—่ชžใฏ
04:58
always be capital letters. "ETA", estimated time of arrival. So, you call a delivery person
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ๅธธใซๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒETAใ€ใ€ ๅˆฐ็€ไบˆๅฎšๆ™‚ๅˆปใ€‚ ้…้”ๆ‹…ๅฝ“่€…ใซ
05:06
or you call a client and you want to inform them or you want to find out when the product
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้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใ„ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ่ฃฝๅ“ใŒใ„ใคๅˆฐ็€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจ
05:12
will arrive, so you say... I call Amazon, my book hasn't arrived yet, and I say:
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ๆ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€Amazon ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€็งใฎๆœฌใฏใพใ ๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™:
05:18
"What's the ETA on my book?" And they write back: "Oh, it will be there sometime next week."
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๆœฌใฎ ETA ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆฅ้€ฑไธญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจ่ฟ”ไฟกใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:25
Or I need to contact somebody and get some things done, and I call the local place, and
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ใพใŸใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซ้€ฃ็ตกใ—ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ๅœฐๅ…ƒใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
05:30
they say: "Oh, sorry, we can't help you. You have to call HQ." Headquarters, the main office.
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ใ€ใ€Œ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๆœฌ็คพใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœฌ็คพใ€ๆœฌ็คพใ€‚
05:36
It will probably be capitalized even in the extension, but not the "q", notice, because it's one word.
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ๆ‹กๅผตๆฉŸ่ƒฝใงใ‚‚ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ€Œqใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:43
"MSRP". So, now, when we're talking about big ticket items, like cars, computers, appliances,
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ใ€ŒๅธŒๆœ›ๅฐๅฃฒไพกๆ ผใ€ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ่ปŠใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ€้›ปๅŒ–่ฃฝๅ“ใชใฉใฎ้ซ˜้กๅ•†ๅ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—
05:50
then we want to know how much it costs. So, what you are paying the store might not necessarily
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใใฎไพกๆ ผใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅบ—่ˆ—ใฏ็ซถไบ‰ๅŠ›ใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅบ—่ˆ—ใซๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚
05:57
be the MSRP, because the stores want to make it more competitive.
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ๅธŒๆœ›ๅฐๅฃฒไพกๆ ผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
06:02
The MSRP is the manufacturer's suggested retail price.
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MSRPใฏใƒกใƒผใ‚ซใƒผ ๅธŒๆœ›ๅฐๅฃฒไพกๆ ผใงใ™ใ€‚
06:07
So, the company that made the product tells the stores and tells
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€่ฃฝๅ“ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใŸไผš็คพ ใฏๅบ—ใซ่จ€ใ„
06:11
the distributors: "Oh, you should sell this for $100." Okay? That's what it's... That's
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ใ€ๆต้€šๆฅญ่€…ใซใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใ‚’100ใƒ‰ใƒซใงๅฃฒใ‚‹ในใใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใงใ™... ใใ‚Œใฏ
06:16
what you can get for it. But then the stores, they want to compete with other stores, so
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚ŒใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅบ—่ˆ—ใฏ ไป–ใฎๅบ—่ˆ—ใจ็ซถไบ‰ใ—ใŸใ„
06:22
they go: "We will beat the MSRP by 10%. We will go under the manufacturer's price." Okay?
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ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œใƒกใƒผใ‚ซใƒผๅธŒๆœ›ๅฐๅฃฒไพกๆ ผใ‚’ 10% ไธ‹ใ’ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใƒกใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎไพกๆ ผใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฎ‰ใใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:31
"POS", point of sale. So then you go into a store, you find the product you like, you
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ใ€ŒPOSใ€ใ€่ฒฉๅฃฒๆ™‚็‚น็ฎก็†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ๅบ—ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸๅ•†ๅ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
06:36
want to go pay for it. The cash register, the machine where you actually pay or put
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ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ„ใซ่กŒใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅ ใƒฌใ‚ธใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๆฉŸๆขฐ
06:41
your card, or whatever, that's called the POS, the point of sale. Okay? "SOP", so now
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ใ€ใพใŸใฏ POS ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€ŒSOPใ€ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
06:47
you've bought your product, you take it home, and you try to use it and realize:
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ใ€่ฃฝๅ“ใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใ€ ๅฎถใซๆŒใกๅธฐใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
06:52
"You know what? This is not really good. This is not what I paid for." So you call the company,
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ใ€Œใปใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใใชใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็งใŒๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไผš็คพใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ€
06:56
you say: "I want to return this. Can I just take it back to the store?" And the person
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฟ”ๅ“ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๅบ—ใซๆŒใฃใฆๅธฐใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
07:01
on the phone says: "No, I'm sorry, sir, that's not our SOP. You have to do it this steps.
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ใ€้›ป่ฉฑใฎ็›ธๆ‰‹ใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใฎ SOP ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ“ใฎๆ‰‹้ †ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒ
07:05
You have to go A, B, C, and then get back to HQ." "SOP", standard operating procedure.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Aใ€Bใ€C ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€HQ ใซๆˆปใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€ŒSOPใ€ใ€ๆจ™ๆบ–ๆ“ไฝœๆ‰‹้ †ใ€‚
07:13
Basically: How do we do this? How is it done? How is the...? What is the policy?
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ๏ผšใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹โ€ฆ๏ผŸ ใƒใƒชใ‚ทใƒผใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:19
Now, you're working at the store and you get your paycheque, and on your paycheque it shows
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅบ—ใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ€็ตฆๆ–™ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚็ตฆๆ–™ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๅฐๅˆ‡ๆ‰‹ใฎ้‡‘้กใ€ไปŠๆœŸใฎ็ตฆๆ–™ใฏใ„ใใ‚‰ใ‹
07:26
how much this cheque is for, what is your pay for this term, maybe two weeks, one month,
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ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ 2 ้€ฑ้–“ใ€1 ใ‹ๆœˆ
07:32
etc. And next to it, it will say "year-to-date". How much have you received so far from the
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ใชใฉใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅนดๅˆๆฅใ€ใจ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅนดๅบฆๅˆใ‚ ใ‹ใ‚‰็พๅœจใพใงใซใ€ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๅŽๅ…ฅใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ—ใŸ
07:39
beginning of the fiscal year until now? "Year-to-date". But notice that we have the hyphens, so technically,
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ใ‹ใ€‚ "ๅนดๅˆๆฅ"ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ•ใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซใฏใ€
07:47
this is like one word, but we still have an acronym for it. Year-to-date. Then you take
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ ้ ญๅญ—่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅนดๅˆๆฅใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€
07:52
all your financial information, and you go talk to your CPA about doing your taxes, for
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ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ฒกๅ‹™ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ— ใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็จŽ้‡‘ใฎๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆๅ…ฌ่ชไผš่จˆๅฃซใซ็›ธ่ซ‡ใ—ใพใ™
07:58
example. Your Chartered Public Accountant. This is an accountant who is recognized by
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…ฌ่ชไผš่จˆๅฃซใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ”ฟๅบœใซ่ชใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸไผš่จˆๅฃซ
08:04
the government, he... He or she has a license, and they can sign off and do your taxes, personal
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ใงใ™...ๅฝผใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๆ‰ฟ่ชใ—ใฆ ใ€ๅ€‹ไบบ
08:10
or corporate, etc.
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ใพใŸใฏๆณ•ไบบใชใฉใฎ
08:12
Now, the thing to remember is that a lot of this stuff is not only used in business. People
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็จŽ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒขใƒŽใฏใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใงไฝฟใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไบบใ€…
08:17
use ETA all the time. So, especially when we're texting because, you know, texting uses
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ใฏๅธธใซ ETA ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็‰นใซ ็งใŸใกใŒใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’้€ไฟกใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ
08:22
a lot of acronyms, a lot of abbreviations because people don't like to type too much.
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ใ€ๅคšใใฎ้ ญๅญ—่ชžใ‚„็•ฅ่ชž ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
08:27
So I'm typing my friend, he's supposed to come over for... To hang out tonight, and
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆ
08:32
he didn't come, he hasn't come yet. So I say: "Hey. What's your ETA?" I don't write:
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ใ„ใพใ™, ๅฝผใฏๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ ใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใญใˆใ€‚ๅˆฐ็€ไบˆๅฎšๆ™‚ๅˆปใฏ๏ผŸใ€
08:37
"When do you think you will show up?" I say: "What's your ETA?"
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ใ€Œใ„ใค็พใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใฏๆ›ธใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ€Œๅˆฐ็€ไบˆๅฎšๆ™‚ๅˆปใฏ๏ผŸใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚
08:40
And he understands estimated time
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผ
08:42
of arrival: When are you coming? When will you be here? Okay? "SOP" is another one we
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ใฏๅˆฐ็€ไบˆๅฎšๆ™‚ๅˆปใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™: ใ„ใคๆฅใพใ™ใ‹? ใ„ใค ใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€ŒSOPใ€ใฏใ€็งใŸใก
08:48
use in many situations. The "SOP" means how something is done. And again, all of these
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ใŒๅคšใใฎ็Šถๆณใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒSOPใ€ใจใฏใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€
08:54
are used for addresses, for business situations, for non-business situations, etc. So it's
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ไฝๆ‰€ใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎ็Šถๆณใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นไปฅๅค–ใฎ็Šถๆณใชใฉใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
09:00
important to learn these. And again, the more you actually get involved in writing and reading
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€
09:06
business situations or other situations, you will see these all the time and eventually
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ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Š่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Š ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ™ใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅธธใซ็›ฎใซใ—ใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„
09:11
you will remember how to use them. Okay?
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ใซใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:14
So, I hope this was pretty clear.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆ˜Ž็ขบใ ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:17
If you enjoyed this lesson, please subscribe to my YouTube channel.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ใ‚‰ ใ€็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:20
If you have any questions about this lesson, go to www.engvid.com, join the forum,
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒฉใƒ ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ€
09:26
ask your questions-I will be happy to reply to them-and take the quiz.
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่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ (ๅ–œใ‚“ใงใŠ็ญ”ใˆใ—ใพใ™) ใ€‚ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:31
There's also going to be a quiz to test your understanding and knowledge of these words. And, of course,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ็†่งฃใจ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
09:37
come back again soon and watch more helpful videos, and I'll see you then.
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ใ™ใใซใพใŸๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจ ๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:41
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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